2023届高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词动词不定式课件

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词动词不定式课件，共20页。PPT课件主要包含了作表语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1．不定式的形式：（以动词d为例）       
否定式：nt + t d
T teach English is my jb. We plan t pay a visit.       He seems t knw a lt.       The meeting t be held tmrrw is put ff.       The teacher rdered the wrk t be dne. T catch the first bus, he gt up early.
（1）一般式：所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后(不定式用主动形式还是被动形式取决于它和所修饰词之间的逻辑关系。)
The by pretended t be wrking hard.     He seems t be reading in his rm.
(2)进行式：所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，
（3）完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前
I regretted t have tld a lie.I happened t have seen the film.He is pleased t have met his friend.
T finish the wrk in ten minutes is very hard.T lse yur heart means failure.
一、作主语(表示某一次动作；单个不定式作主语时谓语用单数)
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：　It is very hard t finish the wrk in ten minutes. It means failure t lse yur heart.
It 作形式主语的句型
1.It +be +名词+t d + takes sb.+sme time + t d +be +difficult/ easy/ hard/ imprtant/impssible/ necessary/ +fr sb. t d +be+ careless/ clever/ gd/ flish/ hnest/ kind/ lazy/ silly/ stupid/ wise + f sb. t d sth.例：1.It’s ur duty t take care f the ld. 2. Hw lng did it take yu t finish the wrk? 3.It is difficult fr us t finish the cmpsitin in an hur. 4. It is stupid f yu t run in the heavy rain.
Her jb is t clean the hall.He appears t have caught a cld.
作表语的不定式通常带t，当主语部分含有实义动词d，不定式作表语可省t。
The nly thing I can d is (t)wait.
有时用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面find , feel, cnsider, think, make + it + adj./n+t d 1. I find it pssible t ask the questin 2. Marx fund it imprtant t study the situatin in Russia.
三、作宾语：agree,ask,beg ,chse,seem/appear,hpe,learn,manage,ffer,plan,pretend,prmise,prefer,refuse,wish,decide/determine,expect,affrd,happen,wait,fail等后面加不定式作宾语。
四、作宾语补足语：want, wish, ask, tell, rder, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allw, prepare, cause, frce, call n, wait fr, invite, frbid, cnsider, encurage, expect, get, intend, prefer, remind, require, teach, warn, depend n sb. t d are nt allwed t smke dctr warned him nt t eat t much meat.注意：1.think,cnsider, believe, suppse, feel, find, imagine, prve, appint, judge 后常用“t be”做宾补。 Peple cnsidered him t be a great leader.　　
They fund the answer t be quite satisfactry. Chinese fd is cnsidered t be the healthiest in the wrld. He imagines himself t be an able man.2.动词不定式作感官动词、使役动词的宾补 下列动词see, watch, bserve, lk at, ntice, hear, listen t, feel; make, let, have 在主动语态中用不带t的不定式作补足语，但在被动语态中要加上t *另外get+宾语+ t d I heard her sing just nw. Smene was heard t cme up the stairs. He get me t pst the letter fr him.　　
3.常用不定式作主语补足语的句型
sb./sth. be said/ believed/knwn/ suppsed/ reprted/ cnsidered/ fund/ thught + t d/ t have dne/ t be dne/ t have been dneHe is said t have gne abrad.Heat is cnsidered t be a frm f energy.Yu are suppsed t pay the bill by Friday.The bk is reprted t be translated int 30 languages.The patient is believed t have been saved.
五、作定语（做所修饰词的后置定语）
动词不定式作定语时与所修饰的名词或代词有 动宾关系：I have a meeting t attend.He want t find an apartment t rent.They decided t cllect sme bks t dnate .**不定式为不及物动词时，应带上适当的介词。He fund a gd huse t live in.Jhn preferred Tm t make friends with.They finally fund the children t give help t.
Have yu gt anything t send?“Have yu gt anything t be sent?” said the secretary.2.当一个名词或代词被序数词、最高级、或 n, all, any修饰时，这个名词或代词必须由不定式修饰。He was the best man t d the jb.She was the first wman t win the gld medal in histry.He fund n persn t turn t in the street.
不定式作定语时要注意：1.如果句子的主语是不定式的执行者，不定式用主动。 如果句子的主语不是不定式的执行者，不定式用被动。
3.有些名词的同根词常跟不定式，因而这些名词也常跟不定式作后置定语，常见的有：prmise, plan, attempt, ffer, decisin, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readiness等。I dn’t trust his prmise t cme fr a visit.We have made a plan t finish the wrk.He made an attempt t stand up.
He wrked day and night t get the mney.She sld her hair t buy the watch chain.不定式前还可加 in rder 或 s as,构成“ in rder t d”或“s as t d”结构。“in rder t d”结构放在句首和句中均可，而“s as t d”只能放在句中。 Bb tk dwn my telephne number s as/ in rder nt t frget it.In rder t catch up with the earliest bus, I gt up at 5a.m.
六、作状语：①表目的：
②表结果：不定式作结果状语常用在下列结构中：s…as t, such…as t, …enugh t, nly t(常表示意外结果或事与愿违的结果)，t…t等。I am nt s stupid as t write it dwn.Jane hurried back nly t find that her mther had left.I’m t tired t stay up lnger. The sandstrm was strng enugh t mve the sand dunes.
③表原因：形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况。用于这类结构的形容词或过去分词常见的有：happy, lucky, glad, srry, anxius, prud, disappinted, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, flish, pleased等。I was very happy t see her yesterday.The teacher was disappinted t see him sleeping in class.
注: 1. 不定式的否定。nt +不定式 例： Tell him nt t be late. The pliceman tld the bys nt t play in the street. 2.不定式与疑问词连用, 与what, which , hw ,where ,when, wh, why等连用,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等成分。但why 后加不带 “t”的不定式。在疑问词加不定式结构中，不定式用主动形式。例： The questin is when t start. I dn’t knw where t g. He shwed me hw t use a cmputer. Nbdy tld us what t d. Can yu tell me why d it ? Which ne t chse is undecided.
（1）Why (nt) +d（2）had better/ wuld rather/ can nt but（不得不做）/can d nthing but（只能做）+ d（3）在except/ but 后，如果该介词短语前有实义动词d, 则不定式符号t 省略；如果该介词短语前没有实义动词d,则t 不省。My mther culd d nthing but wait fr the dctr t arrive.She can d everything except ck.