全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块三千变万化的动词第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气讲义教案

这是一份全国统考2022届高考英语一轮复习模块三千变万化的动词第6讲情态动词和虚拟语气讲义教案，共13页。教案主要包含了情态动词，三人称)等内容，欢迎下载使用。


Ⅰ. 语法填空
1. (2020·天津高考)Jim says we can stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy.
2. (2019·天津高考)Mary’s descriptin f the party was s vivid that I felt as if I had been (be)there.
3. (2019·江苏高考)What a pity! Yu missed the sightseeing, r we wuld have had (have)a gd time tgether.
Ⅰ. 语法填空二谨记
1. 若句中谓语动词为原形, 在其前设纯空格题时, 注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词;
2. 一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语, 就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。注意虚拟语气中的时态, 除了if虚拟条件句, 还应注意虚拟语气的标志词, 如suggest, wuld rather, as if, wish, therwise, r, but fr等。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I lved t watch cartns, but n matter hw many times I asked t watch them, my parents wuld nt t let me. (去掉nt后面的t)
2. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Sme classmates suggest we can g t places f interest nearby. (can→ shuld或者去掉can)
Ⅱ. 短文改错二定法
1. 看句中情态动词是否运用正确;
2. 看是否考查虚拟语气。若是考查虚拟语气, 注意分清主句与从句中的时态关系以及不同句式中的虚拟语气构成形式。
一、情态动词
含有情态动词的时态和被动语态
1. 情态动词+原形: 除了表示现在的时间外, 还可以表示将来, 说明动作尚未发生。如:
※Yu can g nw but yu’d better cme earlier tmrrw.
2. 情态动词+be ding: 表示动作正在发生。如:
※Yur mther may be waiting fr yu t return hme.
※He must be playing ftball n the playgrund nw.
3. 情态动词+have dne:
(1)表示对过去情况的推测:
※He must have started writing his bk a lng time ag.
(2)表示过去“该做而没做”“能做而没做”“可做而没做”等含义, 与过去事实不符或相反。
※Yu shuld have finished yur hmewrk. But yu didn’t. 你本应该完成你的作业了。但是你没有。
4. 含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+dne
※Pupils shuld be helped t adpt a psitive apprach t the envirnment.
常考情态动词的用法
1. can
(1)表示能力, 一般译为“能、会”, 尤其指生来具备的能力。
※Can yu speak English?
(2)表示许可, 常在口语中。
(3)表示推测, 意为“可能”, 常用于否定句和疑问句中, 此时can’t译为“不可能”。
※Can the news be true?
※The mn can’t always be full.
2. culd
(1)can的过去式, 意为“能、会”, 表示过去的能力。
※I didn’t knw if I culd raise a child by myself.
(2)culd在疑问句中, 表示委婉请求的语气, 此时culd没有过去式的意思。
※Culd yu give me sme advice n the best way t d this?
3. may
(1)表示请求、许可, 比can正式。
※May I use yur cmputer?
(2)表示推测, 谈论可能性, 意为“可能, 或许”, 一般用于肯定句中。
※I think he may be ready fr a sleep sn.
(3)may的过去式为 might。might 也可以表示可能性低于may(此时might没有过去式的意思)。
※He said he might nt be back until tnight.
(4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿, 常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may+主+v. 。
※May all f ur wishes cme true this Valentine’s Day.
4. must
(1)must 表示主观看法, 意为“必须”。
※We must be hnest and faithful t the peple.
(2)对must引导的疑问句, 肯定回答为must, 否定回答为needn’t 或dn’t have t。
※—Must I g there tday?
—Yes, yu must. /—N, yu needn’t.
(3)must也可以表示有把握的推测, 意为“ 一定, 肯定”, 用于肯定句。
※He must be waiting fr us.
(4)其否定形式mustn’t表示“禁止, 不许”。
※We mustn’t let the water run t waste.
【点津】其反意疑问句的构成形式:
当must表示肯定的判断、推测时, 其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。
※He must be gd at maths, isn’t he?
※Yu must have tld her abut it, haven’t yu?
5. need
(1)need表示需要, 主要用于否定句和疑问句中, 其否定形式为needn’t, 意为“不必”。
用need提问时, 肯定回答为must, 否定回答为needn’t或dn’t have t。
※—Need I g with yu?
—Yes, yu must. /N, yu needn’t.
(2)need还可以作实义动词, 此时有人称、数和时态的变化, 如果是人作主语, 后面多接动词不定式。
※Adults need t live their wn lives and that’s difficult with children.
【点津】如果是物作主语, 一般用need ding与need t be dne, 这种情况下应注意两点:
①主动形式的动名词ding具有被动的含义;
②该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。
※The car needs washing. =The car needs t be washed.
6. dare
dare意为“敢、敢于”, 用法近似于need, 有两种词性:
(1)dare作为情态动词, 多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中, 无第三人称单数形式, 只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
※Hw dare yu pick up the phne and listen in n my cnversatins!
※Mst peple hate him, but they dn’t dare t say s, because he still rules the cuntry.
(2)dare作为实义动词, 此时有人称、数及时态的变化。
※My byfriend desn’t dare t hld my hand in public.
7. shall
(1)shall表示征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)
(2)shall表示命令、允诺(多用于第二、三人称)
※I shall d all I can t put the matter right.
※Yu shall have a cmputer if yu are admitted t a key university.
8. shuld
(1)shuld 意为“应该”, 可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。
※We shuld d everything we can t maintain wrld peace.
(2)shuld have dne 意为“本应该做某事而没做”, 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。
※I shuld have gne this mrning but I was feeling a bit ill.
9. will
will 表示意愿、意志、打算, 可用于多种人称。
※If yu will undertake the affair, I shall be very grateful.
表示“推测”的情态动词
1. can表示对具体事物的推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。
※They can’t believe yu can even hld a cnversatin.
【点津】can 表推测用于肯定句时, 不能指对具体事物的推测, 而是表示事物的属性特征。
※Even an experienced climber can get int truble.
2. must表示肯定的推测, 一般用于肯定句中。
※The cmputer desn’t wrk. There must be smething wrng with it.
3. might表示推测时不一定是may的过去式, 只是表示其可能性比may小。
※If yu lk at the mn, yu may/might have many questins t ask.
4. culd表示推测时, 语气比can弱。
※She culd be in Lndn r Paris r Tky—nbdy knws.
5. shuld表示推测的可能性比较大, 表示有依据或有前提的推测, 仅比must的可能性小一点。意为“按说应该……”。
※I wnder what’s happened t Annie. She shuld be here by nw.
【小题快练】
Ⅰ. 用适当的情态动词填空(必要时用否定形式)
①Life is unpredictable; even the prest may/can becme the richest.
②Yu must be Jasn. Yu haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
③As the deadline is drawing near, n ne shall leave with his wn wrk uncmpleted.
④—I can’t thank yu enugh fr what yu have dne fr me.
—Yu’re welcme.
⑤My rm is a mess, but I needn’t clean it befre I g ut tnight. I can d it in the mrning.
⑥May yu succeed!
Ⅱ. 单句改错
①We needn’t t d s much hmewrk. Therefre, we have mre time fr after-schl activities. (去掉t)
②In my pinin, by ding part-time jbs, cllege students must gain sme scial experience and braden their utlks. (must改为can)
③Yu must fail if yu dn’t wrk hard. (must改为shall)
④Whenever I made mistakes and felt discuraged, my teacher and my classmates wuld help me figure ut hw I must have avided them. (must改为culd)
情态动词+have+过去分词
1. can/culd/may/might have+dne sth. 表示过去, 推测过去时间里可能发生过的事情。
※Shuld yu lk at what yu culd have dne better and learn frm it s yu can imprve?
※Smene might have guessed ur secret and passed it n.
2. must have+dne sth. 对过去时间里可能发生过的事情的推测, 语气较强, 意为“肯定/一定做过某事”。
※China must have dne smething supremely right t prduce the ecnmic miracle we bserve.
3. shuld/ught t have dne sth. 本应该做某事, 而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
※She really ught t have retired lng ag, but she’s still wrking.
※We really shuldn’t have let him g swimming by himself.
4. needn’t have dne sth. 本没必要做某事却做了。
※I needn’t have written t him because he phned me shrtly afterwards.
5. wuld like t have dne sth. 过去本想做某事而没做。
※I wuld like t have read the article, but I was very busy then.
【小题快练】 用情态动词+have dne填空
①Harry is feeling uncmfrtable. He must have drunk (drink) t much.
②—Srry, Mum! I failed the jb interview again.
—Oh, it’s t bad. Yu shuld have made (make) full preparatins.
③We culd have faced (face) the difficulty tgether, but why didn’t yu tell me?
④Gerge can’t have gne(nt g) s far. His cffee is still warm.
二、虚拟语气
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的, 此时主句不用虚拟语气; 而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想, 与事实相反或不大可能会发生, 此时用虚拟语气。
1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的运用
※If there were n air, we culdn’t live.
※If there had been n air in the tube, the result f the experiment wuld have been mre accurate.
※If he were t cme tmrrw, things wuld be easier.
2. 虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装
如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/shuld, 可把if省略, 把were/had/shuld提到主语之前形成倒装; 若为否定形式, nt不可提前。
※Shuld it rain tmrrw, what wuld yu d?
※Were there n frictin, we culd nt walk.
※Had we knwn abut the new methd, we shuld have applied it earlier.
3. 错综时间条件句
有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致, 这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。
※If I had met him befre, I culd recgnize him.
4. 含蓄条件句
(1)有时假设的情况不用条件句表达, 而是用but fr, withut等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。
※Withut air, there wuldn’t be living things in the wrld nw.
(2)用therwise, r等暗示后文与前面的情况相反, 从而引出后文的虚拟语气。
※He reminded me f that, therwise, I wuld have frgtten it.
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来, 结构为“虚拟情况+but+真实情况”。
※She wuld have cme t see yu, but she was s busy that day.
使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句
1. wish与hpe后接宾语从句的区别: hpe表示一般可以实现的希望, 宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望, 宾语从句用虚拟语气。如:
※I wish I were as tall as yu.
※He wished he hadn’t said that.
※I wish it wuld rain tmrrw.
2. if nly与I wish一样, 也用于表示与事实相反的愿望, 其后所接的虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:
※If nly I had listened t my parents!
3. I wuld rather后句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去, 表示“宁愿做什么”。如:
※I’d rather yu went tmrrw (nw).
※I’d rather yu hadn’t said it.
4. 以as if (as thugh)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句, 有时用虚拟语气, 则与wish用法相同。如:
※The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her wn child.
从句中用(shuld+)动词原形的用法
1. 在fr fear that(以免), in case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气。
※We had a meeting and talked the matter ver face t face fr fear that there shuld be any misunderstanding.
2. 在表示“坚持”“命令”“建议”“要求”等后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(rder, cmmand)、三个建议(advise, suggest, prpse)、四个要求(demand, require, request, ask)”。如:
※My family insisted that I shuld nt give in, but stay and fight.
※He cmmanded that rads (shuld)be built t link castles acrss the land.
※I suggested t Mike that we (shuld)g ut fr a meal with his clleagues.
3. 在rder, suggestin, idea, plan, prpsal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中用虚拟语气。如:
※The rder came that the medical supplies (shuld) be sent t the earthquake-stricken area sn.
It’s (abut/high) time that+主语+did/shuld. . .
It’s (abut/high) time后的从句用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用过去式或shuld+动词原形, 此处shuld不能省略, 意为 “(早)该干某事了”。如:
※It’s time (that)we went t bed.
※It’s high time that we shuld take actin t prtect the water resurces.
【小题快练】 单句语法填空
①If we had taken(take) anther rad, we wuldn’t have been stuck in the traffic jam fr s lng.
②I wish I had been (be) at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was n a business trip in New Yrk then.
③It is high time that yu cnsidered/shuld cnsider (cnsider) that if there were n stress in yur life, yu wuld achieve a little.
④It is lucky we bked a rm, r we wuld have (have) nwhere t stay nw.
⑤They met fr the first time, but they talked happily as if they had been(be)gd friends fr a lng time.
⑥As Father and Mther thught it was a big ccasin fr me, they suggested I (shuld) hld (hld) a birthday party at hme t celebrate it.
Ⅰ. 语法填空
Accrding t a recent study, plants are able t make intelligent decisins. They are a lt 1. __________ (smart) than we thught. Scientists have discvered that the pea plant can make decisins n hw 2. __________(survive) best, even thugh it des nt have a brain. Researchers grew several pea plants that had their rts 3. __________(separate) between tw pts. Each pt cntained different amunt f nutrients. One pt always had the same amunt, 4. __________ the ther pt varied between a lt and a little. The plants turned ut t be 5. __________ (amaze) cnsistent(一致的)at turning their rts t the pt with the mst nutrients.
Researcher Alex Kacelnik says the experiment raises a questin, nt abut plants, 6. __________ abut animals and humans. He wnders whether the pea plant is mre efficient in using its limited resurces abut 7. __________ (make) decisins than humans. He says, “We have a very wnderful brain, but maybe mst f the time we’re nt using 8. __________. ” Prfessr Kacelnik des nt think that pea plants are intelligent in the human sense, but that they exhibit cmplex 9. __________ (behave) t efficiently take advantage f natural pprtunities. It will be interesting t see hw ur lives wuld be different if we 10. __________ (adpt) similar strategies.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了最新研究表明植物能做出最有利于自己生存的决定, 植物要远比我们想象的聪明。
1. 【解析】smarter。考查比较级。根据后面的than we thught可确定, 这里需要使用比较级, 所以填smarter。
2. 【解析】t survive。考查常用结构。“疑问词+不定式”作宾语, 相当于一个从句, 所以填t survive。
3. 【解析】separated。考查固定结构。“它们的根”和“分开”之间是被动关系, 所以用have sth. dne结构, 填separated。
4. 【解析】while。考查连词。表示“然而”, 所以填while。
5. 【解析】amazingly。考查副词。修饰形容词cnsistent, 用副词, 所以填amazingly。
6. 【解析】but。考查固定句型。nt. . . but. . . 不是……而是……, 是固定句型, 所以填but。
7. 【解析】making。考查非谓语动词。介词abut之后用名词性质的词作宾语, 故此处用v. -ing形式, 所以填making。
8. 【解析】it。考查代词。指代前面的a very wnderful brain, 故用it。
9. 【解析】behavir。考查名词。作exhibit的宾语, 用名词形式, 所以填behavir。
10. 【解析】adpted。考查虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反的情况, 其句型为“If+主语+动词的过去式(be动词用were), 主语+wuld/culd/might/shuld+动词原形”, 所以填adpted。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
High schl is cnsidered the mst imprtant stage. As senir three student, it will nt be lng befre I graduated. Nw I have many things t share in my fellws. First f all, I’d like t express my thank t thse wh lent me a hand when I was disappinting. It was their kindness which helped me regain my self-cnfidence when I lst my heart. Besides, I anxius want t clear up sme misunderstanding with my friends in rder t keep ur friendships frever. With the Natinal Cllege Entrance Examinatin apprached, I strngly recmmend that we culd value time and reduble effrts t study s that we can get int a key university.
1. 【解析】第二句senir前加a。考查冠词。student是可数名词, 此处泛指“一名高三学生”, senir的发音以辅音音素开头, 应该用不定冠词a修饰, 故senir前加a。
2. 【解析】第二句graduated→ graduate。考查时态。在it will nt be lng befre句型中, 遵循主将从现原则, 主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时表将来, 从句主语是I, 谓语动词用复数, 故graduated改为graduate。
3. 【解析】第三句in→ with。考查介词。share sth. with sb. 表示“和某人分享某物”, 故in改为with。
4. 【解析】第四句thank→ thanks。考查名词的数。thank作名词表示“感谢”时, 只用复数形式不用单数形式, express ne’s thanks t sb. 为固定表达, 表示“向某人表示感谢”, 故thank改为thanks。
5. 【解析】第四句disappinting→ disappinted。考查-ed结尾的形容词与-ing结尾的形容词的区别。-ed结尾的形容词修饰人, 表示“感到……的”, -ing结尾的形容词修饰物, 表示“令人……的”, 根据句意可知此处用前者, 故disappinting改为disappinted。
6. 【解析】第五句which→ that。考查强调句型。去掉It was和which(需要改为that)后, 句子成分仍然完整, 因此此处为强调句型而不是定语从句, 其基本结构为: it is/was+被强调部分+that+其余部分, 故which改为that。
7. 【解析】第五句去掉第二个my。考查固定短语。lse heart是固定短语, 表示“失去信心、丧失勇气”, my是多余的, 故去掉my。
8. 【解析】第六句anxius→ anxiusly。考查副词。修饰动词短语want t d用副词, 故anxius改为anxiusly。
9. 【解析】第七句apprached→ appraching。考查with的复合结构。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构, the Natinal Cllege Entrance Examinatin与apprach之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 表示主动, 用现在分词作宾补, 故 apprached改为appraching。
10. 【解析】第七句culd→ shuld或去掉culd。考查虚拟语气。表示“建议”时, recmmend后的宾语从句要用(shuld) d的虚拟语气, 其中shuld可省略, 故culd改为shuld或去掉culd。
Ⅲ. 写作运用
补全下面写作, 注意本节语法的使用。
Dear Tm,
I’m writing t give yu 1. sme advice n which scial media yu shuld use in China (一些关于在中国你应该使用哪些社交媒体的建议), and t explain the reasns fr my recmmendatin.
Persnally speaking, 2. I strngly believe that WeChat is the best chice fr yu (我坚信微信是你的最佳选择). Similar t Instagram in the West, it allws yu t share yur special mments with friends, as well as prviding a cnvenient platfrm fr cmmunicatin between individuals and grups. In additin, when yu get here, yu’ll find that all yur friends are keen users, 3. s using this app can help yu t avid feeling left ut (所以使用这个应用程序可以帮助你避免感觉被忽视). All in all, WeChat is an indispensable tl fr Chinese peple f all ages and frm all walks f life, 4. s I strngly suggest that yu learn t use it (因此我强烈建议你学着用它).
5. If yu have any further questin abut yur future life here in China, please dn’t hesitate t ask (如果你对你在中国的未来生活还有任何疑问, 请毫不犹豫地问). I’m sincerely lking frward t yur arrival.
Yurs,
Li Hua类别
从句谓语动词
主句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might+动词原形
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
shuld/wuld/culd/might+have+过去分词
与将来事实相反
过去式(be用were)
shuld/wuld/culd/might+动词原形
shuld+动词原形
were t+动词原形