2022-2023学年河南省信阳高级中学高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年河南省信阳高级中学高二上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版），共28页。

2024届高二上期期末考试英语试题
第一部分基础知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节单项选择(共20题，每小题1分，共20分)
1. Not until very late that night ______ her house was ______ from the terrible flood.
A. did she realize, under threat B. that she realized, under threat
C. when she realized, in decline D. had she realized, in decline
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句和短语。句意：直到那天晚上很晚她才意识到她的房子正受到可怕洪水的威胁。not until 引起的时间状语置于句首时，句子的主谓应部分倒装 ，故排除B，C项，由时间状语until very late that night和下文的was可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般现在时，助动词用did，under threat“受到威胁”，in decline“在衰退中，在减少”，根据句意，用under threat，故选A。
2. It’s most urgent that the all the shops in the U.S _____ because of the increasingly confirmed Covid-19 cases.
A. are closed B. should close C. be closed D. have been closed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：最紧迫的是，由于新冠肺炎确诊病例越来越多，美国所有的商店都应该关闭。在固定句型it is urgent that sb./sth. (should) do sth.(做……是很紧迫的)中，that所引导的主语从句要用(should) do这一虚拟语气结构；主语all the shops和谓语colse之间是被动关系，所以此处为(should) be closed。故选C。
3. Every year, many graduates travel from one place to another, ________ for a well-paid job.
A. hunt B. hunting C. to hunt D. hunted
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：每年很多毕业生从一个地方到另一个地方，寻找高薪的工作。分析句子可知，谓语动词是travel，故hunt用非谓语动词形式作状语，hunt与逻辑主语graduates是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语，故选B。
4 New mothers can get________in their baby without realizing it.
A. picked up B. set up
C. put up D. wrapped up
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：初为人母的妈妈们可能会在没有意识到的情况下全身心地投入到宝宝身上。A. picked up捡起；B. set up建立；C. put up张贴；D. wrapped up注意力完全集中于。根据句意及常识可知，初为人母的妈妈们会把注意力完全集中于宝宝身上。故选D。
5. The man wearing the black suit was the one ________ for chopping down the old tree ________ around ninety meters tall in the botanic garden.
A. to be blamed, measured B. to blame, measuring
C. blaming, measuring D. being blamed, measured
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式和现在分词。句意：那个穿黑西装的人是砍倒植物园里90米高的老树的罪魁祸首。sb. be to blame for是固定短语，意为“某人因为某事应受责备”，是不定式的主动表被动，因此第一空是to blame；分析句子结构可知，was是谓语，第二空格处用非谓语形式，measure意为“（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为”，与tree之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故选B。
6. A large quantity of water _________ polluted in the past twenty years across China.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的二十年中，中国各地大量的水被污染。“a great/large quantity of+名词”作主语时，其谓语的数取决于 quantity的数，谓语动词用单数；时间状语in the past twenty years和现在完成时连用，因此此处用has been done形式。故选C项。
【点睛】“a large quantity of +名词”和“large quantities of+名词”作主语时的主谓一致
a great/large quantity of 和a great/large quantity of意思为“大量，许多”，其后接可数名词或不可数名词。用作主语时，其谓语的数取决于 quantity的数。“a great/large quantity of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“great/large quantities of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：
A large quantity of goods was damaged in the storm.大量的货物在风暴中受损。
What does Canada export? Large quantities of wheat are sent abroad.
加拿大出口什么？大批小麦被送到国外。
Large quantities of cultural relics and samples are also preserved.
大量的文化遗物和样品也保存在这里。
In this process, a large quantity of Chinese outstanding enterprises is blooming.
在这个过程中，一大批中国优秀的企业迅速发展。
7. With more and more birds _______, some day some species will _______ completely. In addition, some of them have _______ environmental pollution.
A. dying off; die out; died from
B. dying away; die off; died from
C. dying down; die out ; died of
D. dying out; die away; died of
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：随着越来越多的鸟儿死去，有一天一些物种将会完全的灭绝。此外，其中很多都是死于环境污染。die off相继死去，先后死去；（温度）降下来；相继死亡；die out（指物种、家族、习惯、观念等）绝迹，消失，绝种，绝灭，淘汰；die from死于某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等；die away（尤指声音、光、风）逐渐消失，停止；昏厥；自行消失；die down减弱；逐渐平息；die of死于（疾病、过度悲伤等）； 强烈地感受到……。With接现在分词表示正在发生，will接动词原形表示将要发生，而最后一句have died表示过去发生。根据句意及常识可知，第一空指“越来越多的鸟儿相继死去”，应用die off，且用现在分词，表主动、进行；第二空根据completely可知，应用die out，表示“灭绝”；第三空根据environmental pollution可知，此处表示死亡的原因，应用die from。故选A项。
8. Whatever the little girl said, her parents would not allow her ________ there alone at night.
A. risking to go B. to risk going C. for risk to go D. risk going
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论小女孩说什么，她的父母都不允许她冒险在晚上单独去那里。短语allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，是固定搭配，动词不定式作宾语补足语；短语risk doing sth.“冒险做某事”，是固定搭配，动名词作宾语。故选B项。
9. ________ computer games is the reason ________ leads to his being absent-minded in class.
A. Being addicted to; that B. Addicted to; why
C. Being addicted to; why D. Addicted to; that
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：沉迷于电脑游戏是导致他上课心不在焉的原因。第一空作句子的主语，应用动名词短语；第二空修饰先行词reason，从句缺少主语，故用that或which。故选A。
10. We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we ________ you a hand.
A. gave B. had given C. would give D. would have given
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们当时不知道你遇到了困难，要不然我们会帮助你的。此处otherwise的意思是“否则，要不然的话”，结合前文“We didn’t know you were in trouble at that time”,可知句子用虚拟语气，表示与过去已发生的事实相反的假设，所以谓语部分用would have done，此处填would have given。故选D。
11. Have you been aware ______ under the tree ______ two assistants?
A. that; are B. that; is C. of; are D. of; is
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句和谓语动词。句意：你有没有意识到，那棵树下面是两个助理。分析句子结构和意思可知，______ under the tree ______ two assistants是宾语从句，从句基本成分完整，上下文意思连贯，用连接词that引导；宾语从句中主语是two assistants，under the tree是表示地点的介词短语，位于句首时，句子要全倒装，这句话描述的是现在的事实，谓语用一般现在时，主语是two assistants，be动词用are。故选A。
12. It's no use ________ time ________ that matter.
A. wasting;discussing B. to waste; to discuss
C. wasting; to discuss D. to waste; discussing
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：浪费时间讨论那件事没有用处。A. wasting; discussing浪费，讨论；B. to waste; to discuss浪费，讨论；C. wasting; to discuss浪费，讨论；D. to waste; discussing浪费，讨论。第一空，It’s no use doing sth.表示“做某事没有用处”，其中It是形式主语，空处是动名词短语作真正的主语，所以第一空填写wasting；第二空，waste time in doing sth.表示“浪费时间做某事”，其中介词in可以省略，所以第二空填写discussing。故选A项。
13. Only after he realized the significance of mastering two languages __________ English carefully.
A. did he set about learning B. did he set out learning
C. had he set about learning D. had he set out learning
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查部分倒装句和时态。句意：只有在他意识到掌握两门外语的重要性后，他才开始认真学习英语。only+副词/介词短语/状语从句，放在句首时，主句用部分倒装，be动词，情态动词，助动词放在主语前面，realize和set out是同时发生，为一般过去时，排除C、D项，结合短语set about doing表示“开始做什么”。故选A。
14. A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, _____ has happened in Ukraine and other countries.
A. what B. as C. where D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：战争是如此残酷，以至于它总是造成巨大的损失，就像在乌克兰和其他国家发生的那样。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，缺少的引导词指代先行词“A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses”在从句中作主语，且表示“正如”，应用as引导该从句。故选B。
15. I will call you weekly and keep you ________ of what is going on here．
A. informed B. informing C. inform D. to inform
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我会每周给你打电话，让你随时了解这里发生了什么。动词keep后宾语you与inform之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选A。
16. Whenever I ________ difficulties, my parents always encourage me to ________ my dreams.
A. was stuck by, stick with B. got stuck by, stick to
C. was stuck in, stick with D. got stuck in, stick to
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：每当我遇到困难时，我的父母总是鼓励我坚持我的梦想。第一空表示“遇到，陷入”短语为get stuck in，be stuck in表示“困于，停止不前，动弹不得”不符合语境；第二空，根据后文“my dreams”可知表示坚持梦想，应用stick to；stick with表示“跟着……”不符合语境。故选D。
17. The coat ______ me perfectly. However, the color is too dark. Purple and blue are the colors that ______ me well. Do you have a purple one or a blue one?
A. fits; suit B. suits; fit C. fits; match D. matches; suit
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这件外套我穿正合适。但是，颜色太暗了。紫色和蓝色是很适合我的颜色。你有紫色或蓝色的吗?fit和suit都有“合适”的意思。fit 往往强调尺寸、大小或形状上的吻合。suit侧重于符合某人的口味，或服装颜色、款式等的相配或适合。match指两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配，显得很协调或指在能力、水平上“与……相配”。分析句意，这件外套我穿正合适，指大小合适；紫色和蓝色是很适合我的颜色，指服装颜色适合。故选A项。
18. The Floreana tortoise, once considered to ______, is being brought back from the dead with careful conservation.
A. be wiped out B. have been wiped out C. wipe out D. have wiped out
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：曾经被认为灭绝的Floreana陆龟，在经过精心保护的情况下“死而复生”。wipe out：使灭绝。consider sb to do/be…：认为某人……。“Floreana陆龟被人们认为已经灭绝”是一个已经发生的事情，所以使用动词不定式的完成式，句子主语the Floreana tortoise 承受wipe out的动作，因此不定式应该使用被动式。综合以上分析应使用to have been wiped out。故选B。
19. Researchers claim ________ the first proof that getting a regular eight-hour sleep every night makes a real difference to our health.
A. finding B. having found
C. to find D. to have found
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员称，他们发现了第一个证据，证明每晚有规律的八小时睡眠对我们的健康有很大的影响。claim to do表示“声称做某事”，find发生在claim之前，应该用不定式的完成式，故D项正确。
20. He found the problem was hard to ________
A. get rid B. get rid of C. be got rid of D. be got rid
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语和不定式。句意：他发现很难避免这个问题。表示“避免问题”需要用短语get rid of the problem表达，此处动词短语后有宾语，需要加上介词of。get rid of逻辑主语是he，所以此处是主动形式，不需要用被动，故选B项。
第二节单句语法填空(共10题，每小题1分)
21. The church was a ______(memory) to the disaster victims. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】memorial
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这座教堂是纪念灾民的纪念碑。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。根据句意，memorial“纪念物；纪念碑”符合句意，故填memorial。
22. Before ______(call), remain where you are. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being called
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在被叫之前，待在你所在的地方。分析句子结构和意思可知，Before是介词，后面跟动名词形式，动词call和被修饰的you是逻辑上的动宾关系，用被动形式。故填being called。
23. The success of a picnic usually turns ______ the weather. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】on
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：野餐是否成功通常取决于天气。turn on取决于。根据句意，故填on。
24. Having a bad boss is more than_________annoyance. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】an
【解析】
【详解】考查冠词。句意：有一个坏老板不仅仅是一件烦恼的事情。分析句子结构可知，句子主语指的是一件事情，“主+系+表”结构中表语为名词，结合句意可知，此处是抽象名词具体化，意为“一件烦恼的事情”，所以应填不定冠词，空后名词首字母为元音。故填an。
25. If you try to remember everything, you will end up ______(remember) nothing. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】remembering
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：如果你试图记住一切，你将什么都记不住。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配end up doing，意为“最后……”。故填remembering。
26. None of these would have been possible_____________their help. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】without
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意：如果没有他们的帮助，这些事恐怕没有一样能办成。根据句意以及句中的“would have been possible”可知此句为虚拟语气，是对过去事实相反的假设，句子结构分析可知，介词without意为“没有”符合句意，构成含蓄条件句。故填without。
27. It is important to keep yourself physically and mentally healthy, especially in such a competitive and ______(stress) society. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stressful
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：保持身心健康很重要，尤其是在这样一个竞争激烈、压力巨大的社会里。名词society前用形容词修饰作定语，stressful“压力大的”符合句意，故填stressful。
28. We waited with great ______ (anxious) for more news about the accident. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】anxiety
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们焦急地等待着有关事故的更多消息。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，做介词with的宾语，意为“焦虑，焦急”，是不可数名词。故填anxiety。
29. Masses of work ______ (do) to prevent the river from being polluted up to now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】have been done
【解析】
【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，为防止这条河被污染已做了大量工作。分析句子可知，do是句中谓语动词，与主语Masses of work之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语up to now，应使用现在完成时态，又因“masses of+名词”作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式，所以助动词用have。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，复数形式。故填have been done。
30. Some books are to be tasted, others_________(swallow), and some few to be chewed (咀嚼) and digested. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be swallowed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以囫囵吞枣，少数书则需要细细咀嚼、消化。分析可知，此处为独立主格结构，动词swallow和others之间是被动关系，结合后文中to be chewed (咀嚼) and digested可知，此处用不定式的被动式。故填to be swallowed。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
A
The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of Trafalgar Square in London. It houses a diverse collection of more than 2,300 examples of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance.
Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronese.
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh.
Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm (Fridays 10 am to 9 pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk), Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus (8-minute walk).
31. In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?
A. The 20th B. The 17th
C. The 18th D. The 13th
32. Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?
A. In the East Wing. B. In the main West Wing.
C. In the Sainsbury Wing. D. In the North Wing.
33. Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?
A. Charing Cross. B. Leicester Square.
C. Embankment. D. Piccadilly Circus.
【答案】31. D 32. B 33. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了英国国家美术馆的展品以及这个展馆的布置、开馆的时间等情况。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的ranging from 13th­century religious paintings to...可知人们可以在这里看到13世纪的宗教图画。B、C、D三项中的图画都没有涉及religious这个词。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中的The main West Wing houses 16th­century paintings，and artists include Leonardo da Vinci...可知，达•芬奇的作品可以在the main West Wing中看到，因此选B。其他几个地方都没有展出达•芬奇的画。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Nearest underground stations：Charing Cross(2­minute walk)．..可知，Charing Cross离国家美术馆只有步行2分钟的路程，其他几个地方离国家美术馆的距离都比Charing Cross远。故选D。
【点睛】细节理解题解题思路与应试技巧
细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。
通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：
1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。
2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。
3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。
4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。
干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征：
1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。
2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。
3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。
4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。
5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。
B
For almost two months Dominic York, a 23-year-old hairdresser(理发师), wandered(徘徊) about hospitals all night, wearing a white coat and pretending he was a doctor. Yesterday he proudly said in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications(资格), he had saved several people’s lives. He had even been allowed to help a surgeon(外科医生) during an emergency operation on a patient who was about to die on something she had swallowed(吞).
“I watched one of those TV dramas about a hospital and suddenly I felt like playing one of the roles myself. So I put on a white jacket and a stethoscope(听诊器)and walked around one of the biggest hospital in London. At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and other doctors, it’s easy to take people in,” he said.
One of the patients he treated was Laura Kennan. She had been knocked down by a car and fainted. When she came to in hospital, York was standing over her.
“He looked very professional(专业的). He told me his name was Doctor Simon. Then he gave me some sort of injection(注射),” she said. And then he suddenly went away when a nurse asked who he was. She didn’t think there was anything wrong. “I would never have realized he was a fake(冒牌货) if a policewoman hadn’t showed me his photograph a week later. When the policewoman told me who he really was, I could hardly believe my ears.”
Judge Raymond Adams told York that he was “ shocked and horrified” that he got away with his deceiving(欺骗) for so long, and then sentenced(判刑) him to eighteen months in a special prison for criminal with mental disorders.
“I can only hope that this will not lead to further problems. After all, you will have considerable opportunity to study the behavior of the psychiatrists (精神科医生) who will look after you while you are there. If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.” Judge Adams warned York.
34. York was proud of the fact that ___________.
A. a surgeon let him watch an operation.
B. he could perform some duties of a doctor.
C. he had cheated doctors for so long
D. people thought he could become a real doctor
35. York learned how to behave like a doctor by __________.
A. watching other doctors work B. talking to doctors and nurses
C. getting some training and experience D. observing doctors while he was a patient
36. Why was Laura Kennan in hospital?
A. She had swallowed something and almost died.
B. She had to have and emergency operation.
C. She had been injured in a road accident.
D. She had lost consciousness while driving.
37. The judge’s remark implied that York would be more severely(严厉) punished if he _________.
A. pretended to be a psychiatrist B. tried to get away from prison
C. was proud of what he had done D. studied the behaviour of the psychiatrist
【答案】34. B 35. A 36. C 37. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文叙述的是一个23岁的理发师假扮医生的故事。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“Yesterday he proudly claimed in court that despite his complete lack of medical experience or qualifications, he had saved several people’s lives.( 昨天，他在法庭上骄傲地宣称，尽管他完全没有医疗经验或资格，但他已经挽救了好几个人的生命。)”可知，他因为可以履行一些医生的职责而自豪。故选B。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“At first I just watched. Once you learn how doctors talk to patients, nurses and other doctors, it’s easy to take people in.(一开始我只是旁观。一旦你学会了医生是如何与病人、护士和其他医生交谈的，你就很容易理解他们。)”可知，York通过观察其他医生的工作学会如何像一个医生。故选A。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“She had been knocked down by a car and fainted.(她被一辆汽车撞倒而晕倒了。)”可知，她在一次交通事故中受了伤。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“If you try to persuade people that you yourself are a psychiatrist after you are set free, I shall make sure that you are given a much longer sentence.(如果你在被释放后试图说服人们你自己是一个精神病医生，我将确保你会被判更长的刑期。)”可知，如果他在被释放之后假装是一名精神病科医生的话，他将被判更长的刑期。故选A。
C
The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉的). Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus—until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?
Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly(随意地)on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.
38. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby's ________.
A. sense of hearing B. sense of sight
C. sense of touch D. sense of smell
39. Babies are sensitive to the change in ________.
A. the size of cards B. the colour of pictures
C. the shape of patterns D. the number of objects
40. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?
A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.
B. To see how babies recognize sounds.
C. To carry their experiment further.
D. To keep the babies' interest.
41. Where does this text probably come from?
A. Science fiction. B. Children’s literature.
C. An advertisement. D. A science report.
【答案】38. B 39. D 40. C 41. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。章对刚出生一天的婴儿做实验，通过变化纸上的黑点及鼓的敲打次数对婴儿的视觉、听觉进行的一个实验．主要介绍了研究人员通过一些卡片黑点的数量来检验婴儿对于数量变化的敏感程度，发现当数量相对多的时候，比较容易引起婴儿的注意，使他们变得更加兴奋。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段文中的She stares it carefully. Her gaze starts to lose its focus.可知，她仔细地盯着它，目光开始失去焦点。所以本段是对孩子的视觉实验，故第一段所描述的实验主要是关于视觉的。故选B项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的As the cards change from one to the other，her gaze(凝视)starts to lose its focus—until a third，with three black spots，is presented.Her gaze returns...可知，随着卡片上黑点数量的变化，婴儿的注视也发生变化，表明了婴儿对于数量的变化比较敏感，故选D项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。第二段中研究人员先是通过卡片上的黑点来测验婴儿对于数量的变化的敏感程度；根据第二段中的The effect even crosses between senses...three drumbeats than when they heard just two；likewise(同样地)when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.可知，研究人员又做了击鼓的实验，这样做的目的是更加深入地研究婴儿对于数量变化的敏感程度，故选C
【41题详解】
推理判断题。本文提到了experiment和researchers等，可知是一些研究人员做了一个实验，来检验婴儿们对于数量的变化是不是敏感，所以本文属于一个科学研究报告。故选D

The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote(促进)the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed "town criers" to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements(ads)could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.
By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.
Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm's name or product, words organized in eyecatching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.
Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as "advertising agencies(广告商)．"The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism(消费主义)as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the "right" products.
42. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?
A. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.
B. Merchants were employed to promote products.
C. Product information was included in books.
D. Ad signs were put up in towns.
43. What does the word "This" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Working with ad agencies.
B. Including pictures in ads.
C. Selling goods in markets.
D. Advertising in newspapers.
44. The 18th century advertising was special in its________.
A. growing spending
B. attractive designs
C. advertising companies
D. printing materials
45. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. The Story of Advertising
B. The Value of Advertising Designs
C. The Role of Newspaper Advertising
D. The Development of Printing for Advertising
【答案】42. A 43. D 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广告的发展史。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段的“In the Middle Ages, merchants employed "town criers" to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（在中世纪，商人雇佣“镇上的叫喊者”大声朗读公共信息来推销他们的商品）” 可知在中世纪，广告信息在公共场合被大声的喊出来，故选A。
【43题详解】
词句猜测题。由第二段的“The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. his was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.（《伦敦公报》是第一家专门设立广告版面的报纸。这是如此的成功，以至于到本世纪末，有几家公司开始为商人做报纸广告）”可知，This指的是“在报纸上登广告”，故选D。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段的“Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm's name or product, words organized in eyecatching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.（广告作者开始更加关注广告文本的设计。从衣服到饮料，每样东西都是通过巧妙的方法来推广的，比如重复公司的名称或产品，用引人注目的方式组织单词，使用漂亮的图片和易于记忆的表达方式）”可知，18世纪的广告的特别之处在于它款式新颖的设计。故选B。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“In the Middle Ages, merchants employed "town criers" to read public messages aloud to promote their goods.（在中世纪，商人雇佣“镇上的叫喊者”大声朗读公共信息来推销他们的商品）”，第二段的“By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. （到十七世纪末，当报纸开始被更多的人阅读时，印刷品成为推广产品和服务的重要方式）”，第三段的“Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century.（广告在整个十八世纪迅速传播）”和最后一段的“Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as "advertising agencies(广告商)．（十九世纪末，致力于广告制作的公司被称为“广告公司”）”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了广告的发展史，故选A。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。
Kids' health：Four steps for fighting stress
Everybody gets stressed from time to time. ___46___ Some ways of dealing with stress — like screaming or hitting someone — don't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.
Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：
(1)Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult，such as a parent or other relatives. ___47___ They might have had similar problems，such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.
(2)Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear，that's not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. ___48___
(3)Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends，it's time to get down to business. ___49___ Even if you can't solve all of it，you can solve a piece of it.
(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.
These steps aren't magic，but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time，you'll help yourself feel better even faster. ___50___
A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.
B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.
C. Different people feel stress in different ways.
D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.
E. You need to figure out what the problem is.
F. And don't forget about your friends.
G. Then, find a way to calm down.
【答案】46. C 47. F 48. A 49. E 50. D
【解析】
【分析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。主要关注孩子健康：如何排解压力
【46题详解】
C根据下文的Some ways of…和But other ways…说明人们处理压力有多种方法，故C项符合上下文
【47题详解】
F本段讲述的是向别人寻求支持，除了你的父母和亲戚，也不要忘记你的朋友。故F项符合上下文。
【48题详解】
A根据前一句Don't take it out on yourself不要总是独自承担一切，要寻求别人的帮助，故A项符合上下文串联。
【49题详解】
E根据上一句it's time to get down to business.说明是时候解决问题了，首先你要知道你要解决的问题是什么。故E项符合上下文。
【50题详解】
D根据上一句And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster.说明如果我们能够保持积极向上的态度，就会感觉很好。故D项符合上下文的含义。
考点：考查教育类短文阅读
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1. 5分，满分30分)
阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Rachel had a healthy life both physically and mentally till one unfortunate winter evening. It was raining cats and dogs; everything was wet. Rachel’s cat went outside in this cold weather. She ____51____ him to bring him back inside. He hid near a utility pole (电线杆). Since it rained heavily the pole was charged and ____52____ to touch. Rachel, bent down to ____53____ her cat. She held the pole for support not ____54____ it was charged. The pole electrocuted her so badly that she was barely ____55____ seconds before her death. The electrocution resulted in ____56____ both her arms, which had to be cut off.
Rachel had to face such a (n) ____57____ accident. People get ____58____ about losing a finger. What would it be like if you lose both your arms? That’s what Rachel was trying to digest. It wasn’t easy at all. Rachel, slowly and gradually was accepting the ____59____ that she lost her arms and was ____60____ dependent on others for basic necessities that ____61____ the use of her arms. It upset her that she could not ____62____ her own duties herself.
Many people would lose hope. ____63____, that was not the case with Rachel. She did not want to ____64____ her dream. She didn’t let the slightest hopelessness bring her down and make her ____65____ her motivation. After recovery, Rachel ____66____ day and night to do most of her work with her feet. She emphasized mostly on ____67____ since she had no arms to do that with. She tried and tried. After many ____68____ and failures, she finally could write with her feet. She continued her school, ____69____ her examination and got a scholarship for law school.
Her optimism paved the way for a bright future. Her hard work ____70____ all because she never gave up.
51. A. held up B. went after C. handed over D. put down
52. A. dangerous B. convenient C. enjoyable D. hard
53. A. teach B. hit C. get D. feed
54. A. caring B. knowing C. remembering D. admitting
55. A. stopped B. shocked C. seen D. saved
56. A. breaking B. pressing C. burning D. squeezing
57. A. terrible B. simple C. strange D. important
58. A. tired B. astonished C. depressed D. frightened
59. A. problem B. risk C. possibility D. fact
60. A. emotionally B. completely C. economically D. amazingly
61. A. required B. allowed C. limited D. stressed
62. A. report B. assign C. plan D. perform
63. A. Instead B. Meanwhile C. However D. Therefore
64. A. talk about B. give up C. believe in D. search for
65. A. find B. hide C. improve D. lose
66. A. practiced B. pretended C. refused D. agreed
67. A. reading B. dancing C. writing D. training
68. A. attempts B. competitions C. comparisons D. memories
69. A. chose B. passed C. failed D. missed
70. A. showed off B. dropped off C. took off D. paid off
【答案】51. B 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. B 61. A 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. D 66. A 67. C 68. A 69. B 70. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个非常励志的女孩，她在一次事故中失去了双臂，但她没有放弃。相反，她日夜练习，用她的脚完成大部分工作，不仅实现了生活自理，而且还拿到了学校的奖学金
【51题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他跟在它后面，想把它带回屋。A. held up举起了；B. went after追赶；C. handed over移交；D. put down放下。根据上文“Rachel’s cat went outside in this cold weather.”可知，Rachel的猫在寒冷的天气里出去了。她追在它的后面想把它带回来。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于下了大雨，电线杆带电，触碰很危险。A. dangerous危险的；B. convenient方便的；C. enjoyable令人愉快的；D. hard坚固的。根据上文“Since it rained heavily the pole was charged”可知，由于电线杆带电，所以触碰它很危险。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋，弯下腰去抓她的猫。A. teach教；B. hit击中；C. get得到；D. feed喂养。根据上文“She ____1____ him to bring him back inside.”可知，Rachel想把猫带回家，所以她发现猫后，弯下腰去抓她的猫。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她扶着电线杆支撑，却不知道它带电。A. caring关心；B. knowing知道；C. remembering记住；D. admitting承认。根据下文“it was charged”可知，Rachel并不知道电线杆带电，所以她扶着电线杆支撑她自己。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：电线杆把她电的厉害，她死前几秒钟才被救活。A. stopped停止；B. shocked使震惊；C. seen看见；D. saved拯救。根据上文“The pole electrocuted her so badly”可知，触电后她伤的很严重，就在她死亡前几秒才被救活过来。故选D。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：电击导致她的双臂烧伤，必须切断双臂。A. breaking断裂；B. pressing按；C. burning燃烧；D. squeezing挤压。根据下文“which had to be cut off”可知，被电之后，她的手臂被严重烧伤，必须要切断双臂。触电，雷击均可引起电烧伤，这是常识。故选C。
【57题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋不得不面对如此严重的事故。A. terrible严重的；B. simple简单的；C. strange奇怪的；D. important重要的。根据上文“The pole electrocuted her so badly that she was barely ____5____ seconds before her death.”可知，这次电击差点导致Rachel死亡，所以这是一次非常严重的事故。故选A。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：人们对失去一根手指感到沮丧。A. tired累的；B. astonished惊讶的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. frightened害怕的。根据下文“about losing a finger”可知，人们在失去一根手指的时候就很沮丧，更何况是失去双臂。故选C。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋慢慢地接受了这样一个事实：她失去了双臂，而且要完全依赖别人为她提供需要依靠双手才能得到的必需品。A. problem问题；B. risk风险；C. possibility可能性；D. fact事实。根据下文“she lost her arms”可知，她慢慢的接受了她失去双臂，生活不能自理的事实。故选D。
【60题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋慢慢地接受了这样一个事实：她失去了双臂，而且要完全依赖别人为她提供需要依靠双手才能得到的必需品。A. emotionally情感上地；B. completely完全地；C. economically经济上地；D. amazingly令人惊讶地。根据下文“Rachel, slowly and gradually was accepting the ____9____ that she lost her arms”可知，她失去双臂后，要完全依靠别人为她提供基本的生活必需品。故选B。
【61题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：瑞秋慢慢地接受了这样一个事实：她失去了双臂，而且要完全依赖别人为她提供需要依靠双手才能得到的必需品。A. required需要；B. allowed允许；C. limited限制；D. stressed强调。根据下文“the use of her arms”可知，这些必需品需要使用双臂。故选A。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她自己不能履行自己的职责，这让她很难过。A. report报告；B. assign分配；C. plan计划；D. perform履行。根据上文“It upset her that she could not”可知，她失去了双臂，要完全依靠别人为她提供基本的生活必需品，不能履行自己的职责，这让她很难过。故选D。
【63题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，瑞秋的情况并非如此。A. Instead相反；B. Meanwhile同时；C. However然而，；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“Many people would lose hope.”以及下文“She did not want to ____14____ her dream.”可知，别人遇到这种情况或许会失去希望，但是对于Rachel来说，事情却不是这样的，她并没有放弃她的梦想。故选A。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她不想放弃她的梦想。A. talk about谈论；B. give up放弃；C. believe in相信；D. search for搜索。根据下文“She didn’t let the slightest hopelessness bring her down”可知，Rachel并不想放弃自己的梦想。故选B。
【65题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有让丝毫的绝望打到她，也没有失去动力。A. find找到；B. hide隐藏；C. improve改善；D. lose失去。根据上文“She didn’t let the slightest hopelessness bring her down”可知，她一直抱有希望，也没有失去动力。故选D。
【66题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：康复后，瑞秋日夜练习，用脚完成大部分工作。A. practiced练习；B. pretended假装；C. refused拒绝；D. agreed同意。根据下文“day and night to do most of her work with her feet”可知，失去双臂后，Rachel日夜练习用脚完成大部分的工作。故选A。
【67题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她重点训练用脚写字，因为她没有胳膊可以做这件事。A. reading阅读；B. dancing舞蹈；C. writing写；D. training训练。根据下文“she finally could write with her feet”可知，她着重训练用脚写字。故选C。
【68题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过多次尝试和失败，她终于可以用脚写字了。A. attempts尝试；B. competitions比赛；C. comparisons比较；D. memories回忆。根据上文“She tried and tried.”可知，她经过多次的尝试和失败后，她终于可以用脚写字了。故选A。
69题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她继续上学，通过了考试，获得了法学院奖学金。A. chose选择了；B. passed通过；C. failed失败；D. missed错过。根据下文“got a scholarship for law school”可知，她通过了考试，获得了奖学金。故选B。
【70题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：她的努力得到了回报，因为她从不放弃。A showed off炫耀；B. dropped off落下；C. took off起飞；D. paid off回报。根据上文“After many ____18____ and failures, she finally could write with her feet. She continued her school, ____19____ her examination and got a scholarship for law school.”可知，她的努力没有白费，最终因为她没有放弃而得到回报。故选D。

第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Koalas usually get the water they need from the eucalyptus (枝树)leaves they eat, ___71___ as drought and wildfires caused by climate change dry out their food ___72___ (supply), many koalas are starting to drink water.
Robert Frend, a fanner from New South Wales, Australia, ___73___ (notice) how thirsty the koalas got and helped researchers at the University of Sydney bring them water. Frend invented something called Blinky Drinkers, a water station ___74___ (attach) to trees so that koalas can drink all they want.
In April 2016, researchers set up 10 of these water stations on the ground and up in the trees on a large piece of land ___75___ a sizable population of koalas. They also built up a surveillance (监视) system ___76___ (see) how much the koalas were using the Blinky Drinkers.
___77___ they found was surprising: The koalas drank a lot, even waking up during the day, when they ___78___ (normal) sleep, to go to drink water from the stations on the ground. All of the Blinky Drinkers ___79___ (visit) 一193 times in total. And this was in the fall and winter seasons, when the heat isn’t so severe.
Researchers were excited to find out something new about how animals change ____80____ (they) behavior based on climate change and worried about the future of the koalas.
【答案】71. but
72. supplies
73. noticed
74. attached
75. with 76. to see
77. What 78. normally
79. were visited
80. their
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述通常考拉从它们所吃的桉树叶中获取所需的水分，但是随着气候变化导致的干旱和野火使它们的食物枯竭，许多考拉开始喝水。
【71题详解】
考查连词。句意：考拉通常从它们所吃的桉树叶中获取所需的水，但随着气候变化导致的干旱和野火使它们的食物枯竭，许多考拉开始喝水。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前后两个小分句之间是转折的关系，用连词but连接。故填but。
【72题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：见第1题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里名词表示泛指，用复数形式，作宾语。故填supplies。
【73题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：来自澳大利亚新南威尔士州的球迷罗伯特·弗兰德（Robert Frend）注意到考拉有多渴，并帮助悉尼大学的研究人员为它们送水。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填noticed。
74题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：Frend发明了一种叫做Blinky Drinkers的东西，这是一种连在树上的水站，这样考拉就可以随心所欲地喝水。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词attach和被修饰的名词station是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，表示被动作定语。故填attached。
【75题详解】
考查介词。句意：2016年4月，研究人员在一块拥有大量考拉的土地上，在地面和树上建立了10个这样的水站。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词with，意为“拥有”。故填with。
【76题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还建立了一个监控系统，以查看考拉使用了多少Blinky Drinkers。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
【77题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：他们的发现令人惊讶：考拉喝了很多水，甚至在白天醒来时，它们通常都在睡觉，去地面站喝水。分析句子结构和意思可知，___7___ they found是主语从句，从句中缺少found的宾语，指物，“什么”的意思，用连词what引导，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
【78题详解】
考查副词。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，修饰后面的动词sleep。故填normally。
【79题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：所有的Blinky Drinkers都被拜访了——一共193次。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，句子主语All of the Blinky Drinkers和动词visit是被动的关系，所以谓语用一般过去时的被动语态结构，主语是All of the Blinky Drinkers，为复数，be动词用were。故填were visited。
【80题详解】
考查代词。句意：研究人员很兴奋地发现了一些关于动物如何基于气候变化改变行为的新信息，并对考拉的未来感到担忧。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词性物主代词，修饰后面的名词behavior。故填their。

第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
81. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
【答案】1.how→what
2.chose→choose
3.take→taking
4.but→and
5.about后加the
6.your→our
7.knowledges→knowledge
8.删除can或can→should
9.thought→think
10.many→much

【解析】
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了“我”和其他同学对暑假计划的讨论。
【81题详解】
考查连接词。句意：同学们和我在谈论暑假期间做什么。“特殊疑问词+to do”在本句中作为短语talk about的宾语，其中what还要作为动词do的逻辑宾语。故how改为what 。
【82题详解】
考查动词。句意：我们可以从待在家里和旅游之间选择。情态动词后面跟动词原形，故chose改为choose。
【83题详解】
考查并列结构。句意：我们可以从待在家里和旅游之间选择。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系，都作为介词between宾语。故take改为taking。
【84题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果我们待在家里，很舒服也没有必要花钱。上下文之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用and连接上下文。故but改为and。
【85题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：但是那样的话，我们将对世界了解很少。在英语中定冠词the通常表示特指，本句中the修饰world表示特指这个世界。about后加the 。
【86题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们可以拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。应该使用our与本句的主语we保持一致。故your改为our 。
【87题详解】
考查不可数名词。句意：如果我们出国旅游，我们可以拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。 knowledge为不可数名词，故把knowledges改为knowledge。
【88题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：一些同学建议我们可以去附近的名胜古迹。suggest表建议的时候，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气should+动词原形，其中should可以省略。故删除can或can改为should 。
【89题详解】
考查时态。句意：我认为这是个好主意。因为全文以一般现在时为主，故thought改为think。
【90题详解】
考查代词。句意：它花费不多，但我们仍然可以学到很多。本句中代词much代替不可数名词much money作为动词cost的宾语，而many通常代替可数名词复数形式。故many改为much 。

第二节书面表达(共25分)
82. 假如你是校学生会主席，为了更好地保护环境，你代表学生会向全校学生发出倡议。请根据以下内容，写一份倡议书：
1.保护环境是我们的职责；
2.我们要养成环保的习惯(例如绿色出行，不乱扔垃圾等)；
3.发出环保的号召。
注意：1.词数：120左右
2.开头结尾已给出，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
Dear friends,
As we can see, the environment around us is getting worse and worse.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
The Students’ Union
【答案】Dear friends,
As we can see, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. How will the earth be if we don’t make every effort to change the situation? Protecting the environment is our responsibility and it’s high time we should set about doing something.
Here are some tips for us to develop some positive habits. Initially, we suggest everyone go to school on foot or by bike. Using public transportation can also be a practical alternative. Besides, we are against throwing waste everywhere. It’s rubbish bins that the waste should be put into. Above all, we are supposed to raise our environmental awareness. Small actions such as saving water can make a great difference to our earth.
My friends, what I say doesn’t count, it’s our attitude and what we do that matters. If not here, where? If not now, when? If not us, who? I’m fully convinced that our joint effort will pay off in the long run.
Thankyou!
The Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生代表学生会向全校学生发出倡议，要大家更好地保护环境。
【详解】1.词汇积累
不遗余力做某事：make every effort to do→spare no effort to do
状况：situation→condition
开始做某事：set about doing→set out to do
建议：tip→suggestion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Here are some tips for us to develop some positive habits.
拓展句：Here are some tips that we can use to develop some positive habits.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As we can see, the environment around us is getting worse and worse.（由As引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】How will the earth be if we don’t make every effort to change the situation?（由if引导的条件状语从句）