备战2023年春季英语新中考二轮复习热点透析 核心考点20 任务型阅读之还原句子

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为了弥补阅读理解客观题(判断是非题与单项选择题)一统天下、考生容易猜测的局面，近年来各地中考英语阅读理解部分都引入了属于主观题性质的任务型阅读，要求考生或填写表格(一般限定词数)，或回答问题。这类试题的难度最大，考生如果不能真正读懂并理解文章，就无法下笔。 值得一提的是,近年来任务型阅读的主观题在各地中考英语试题中所占的比例越来越大，有的地方试题甚至采用两篇,既要求考生根据文章填写表格，又要求考生在阅读文章后回答问题，但是，综观任何一组中考英语阅读理解试题，试题的难易度分布非常有序。
考点详解
1. 解题步骤
（1）读选项，画关键词，暗排序。
（2）读文章，找逻辑，抓过渡词。
（3）先易后难来解题。
（4）回读文章定答案。
2. 得分技巧
（1）抓住过渡词，看住上下句。
（2）盯紧横线的前后词语。
通过学生对这类题型的解题步骤、思路及技巧的练习和实践，可总结出以下复习策略：
1. 养成限时阅读的习惯，提高阅读速度。培养学生的阅读技能， 处理好阅读速度与效率问题。阅读速度应控制在每篇5分钟，每分钟40—50个词为宜。
2. 注意常考点。平时练习多注意代词（如it，this，they）、选项的句内关系（如因果、转折）及重现（文章与选项的复现提示）等。
3. 解题技巧
通读全文，了解文章大意。根据文章整体结构、具体内容，并结合关键词，将选项填入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
1. 如果问题设在段首
（1）通常是段落的主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。
（2）与后文是并列，转折，因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。
（3）段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。
2. 如果问题设在段尾
（1）空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。
（2）通常是结论，概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果结论，总结等的信号词，如：Therefre， as a result，thus，hence，in shrt，t sum up，t cnclude，in a wrd等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。
（3）与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
（4）与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，因此，根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。
（5）所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段的开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
（6）如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题，通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。
真题再现
一、阅读还原5选5
（2021·四川雅安·中考真题）根据短文内容, 从短文后面的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.
Cnfidence（自信心）is very imprtant in ur daily life. It can help yu t develp a healthy life style. A study shws that the peple wh are mre cnfident are much happier. They can have mre chances t make themselves successful.__1__
Speak lud. When yu are nt cnfident, yu can’t d well what yu want t d. Yu speak in a vice s lw that ther peple can hardly hear yu. __2__The high vice can help yu becme mre cnfident.
Play sprts. __3__A strng bdy helps yu be full f cnfidence.
Encurage yurself. T see hw many gd things yu have dne, yu can write dwn a list f gd things yu did during the day. Did yu help thers? Did yu tell a jke that made everybdy laugh? __4__
Get rid f（消除）fear. Fear cmes alng with failure（失败）. But it’s easy t vercme if yu knw that failure is part f yur life. Try t start again and believe yu can d better.
__5__If yu like singing, sing as much as yu can. In sme ways, a hbby can make yu happy and cnfident.
A．Pick up a hbby.
B．Here are sme tips n hw t be mre cnfident.
C．Give yurself praise fr the gd things yu've dne.
D． Physical exercise makes yu tired but cmpletely relaxed.
E．Try t speak lud enugh s that peple can hear yu clearly.
【答案】1．B
2．E
3．D
4．C
5．A
【详解】
短文讲了自信心在我们的日常生活中是非常重要的。详细地介绍了一些如何让你变得更自信的建议。
1.根据前句“They can have mre chances t make themselves successful.” 可知说的是如何变得自信, 结合选项, 应说下面是一些如何变得更自信的建议。故选B。
2. 根据后句“The high vice can help yu becme mre cnfident. ”可知说的是大声说话可以帮助你变得更加自信, 结合选项, 应说尽量大声说话, 以便人们能听清楚。故选E。
3.根据前句“Play sprts. ”可知说的是运动, 结合选项, 应说体育锻炼使你疲惫但却完全放松。故选D。
4.根据前句“Encurage yurself. ”可知鼓励自己。结合选项, 应说对自己做过的好事给予表扬。故选C。
5.根据后句“If yu like singing, sing as much as yu can. In sme ways, a hbby can make yu happy and cnfident. ”可知说的是爱好可以让你快乐和自信，结合选项, 可知建议培养一种爱好。故选A。
（2021·湖北省直辖县级单位·中考真题）阅读短文，然后根据短文内容，从文后所给的五个句子中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项。
When peple write in English, they use letters f the alphabet. Peple wh write in Chinese hwever, use characters（文字）that stand fr wrds r ideas. ____6____. The earliest frms were called “racle bnes”. These were animal bnes marked with pictures and symbls. In additin t writing n bnes, the Chinese als made marks n turtle shells（龟壳）. By 1400 BC, the Chinese writing system（系统） had becme mre cmplex. ____7____. Arund 200 BC, Chinese characters became standardized. This means that everyne used the same characters.
____8____. Fr example, the character that means man in the Lishu system frm 200 BC is similar t the character that means man frm the Jiantizi r mdern simplified system, f the twentieth century.
Peple have made effrts t change Chinese characters ver the centuries. ____9____. The Chinese gvernment simplified（简化）many characters s that mre peple culd learn t read. This simpler system is used in mainland China and Singapre. ____10____. Even with these changes, Chinese writing frm 2,200 years ag is still understd tday.
A．It had mre than 2,500 characters
B．Histrians believe Chinese writing began as early as 1500 BC
C．The mst imprtant changes happened in the twentieth century
D．Traditinal characters are used in Taiwan, Hng Kng, and Macau
E．Many mdern Chinese characters are similar t thse frm 2,000 years ag
【答案】6．B
7．A
8．E
9．C
10．D
【分析】
本文主要介绍了汉字的发展历程。
6．
根据“Peple wh write in Chinese hwever, use characters（文字）that stand fr wrds r ideas”及“The earliest frms were called ‘racle bnes’.”可知，此处应介绍中国汉字的早期开始，B选项“历史学家认为，中国的文字早在公元前1500年就开始了”符合，故选B。
7．
根据“Arund 200 BC, Chinese characters became standardized”可知，此处应介绍中国汉字种类有关的内容，A选项“它有超过2500个文字”符合，故选A。
8．
根据“Fr example, the character that means man in the Lishu system frm 200 BC is similar t the character that means man frm the Jiantizi r mdern simplified system, f the twentieth century”可知，此处应介绍现在汉字与古代汉字的相似之处，E选项“例如，在公元前200年的梨树体系中，表示人的文字与20世纪的简体字或现代简化体系中表示人的文字很相似”符合，故选E。
9．
根据“Peple have made effrts t change Chinese characters ver the centuries”可知，此处应介绍人们改变汉字的有关情况，C选项“最重要的变化发生在二十世纪”符合，故选C。
10．
根据“This simpler system is used in mainland China and Singapre. ”可知，此处应介绍汉字被应用的情况，D选项“台湾、香港和澳门使用繁体字”符合，故选D。
（2021·山东威海·中考真题）Mst peple hate change, which is sad since we ften g thrugh big changes in life. And fr sme f us, even the smallest changes can upset ne day. S the questin is: Why d mst f us find making changes t ur lives s hard?
___11___
Fear f change is nthing new. Over a century ag, peple f Paris were unhappy ver a particular additin t their city: the Eiffel Twer. In fact, peple were s angry abut the plans fr the twer that they prtested（抗议）it. ___12___. They were given n chice abut the huge change that was ging t be made, s they became angry. But we get upset ver changes even when we d have a say in the matter. Changes are brught abut every day by the decisins we make: which schl t attend, which jb t take, whm t marry. Vluntary（自愿的） changes als make mst f us uneasy because we dn’t knw hw thse changes will affect ur future.
___13___
Peple have discvered that the key t vercming the fear and anger f change is t be flexible（灵活的）. ___14___ Being flexible is especially imprtant in the 21st century as technlgy makes change take place faster than ever befre. Thse wh refuse change, especially with technlgy in the wrkplace, may find themselves ut f a jb.
When change cmes, and yu have n chice but t face it, accept it. A psitive attitude helps a lt. In fact, the change may turn ut t be the best thing fr yu. That new jb yu gt may end up being much better than yur ld ne. Yu may make the best friends f yur life in the new city yu mved t. ___15___ The change is the reality（现实）, and it’s up t yu whether the change will be a success r a failure. Yu never knw – yur next change may be yur life’s Eiffel Twer!
A．Althugh it might seem strange, their anger was cmpletely natural.
B．When they are flexible, peple can accept new situatins mre easily.
C．Dn’t nly fcus n hw yu feel abut change; instead decide t accept the change.
D．Hw we can vercme ur fear f change?
E．Why we dislike change?
【答案】11．E
12．A
13．D
14．B
15．C
【分析】
本文讲述了如何克服改变所带来的恐惧和愤怒。
11．
根据“Vluntary（自愿的） changes als make mst f us uneasy because we dn’t knw hw thse changes will affect ur future.”可知，此处介绍我们不喜欢改变的原因，E项“为什么我们不喜欢改变？”符合语境，故选E。
12．
根据“In fact, peple were s angry abut the plans fr the twer that they prtested（抗议）it.”可知，他们对建造艾菲尔铁塔感到生气，A项“虽然看起来很奇怪，但他们的愤怒是完全自然的。”符合语境，故选A。
13．
根据“Peple have discvered that the key t vercming the fear and anger f change is t be flexible（灵活的）.”可知，此处介绍克服改变带来的恐惧和愤怒的方法，D项“我们如何才能克服对改变的恐惧？”符合语境，故选D。
14．
根据“Being flexible is especially imprtant in the 21st century as technlgy makes change take place faster than ever befre.”可知，灵活是很重要的，B项“当他们是灵活的，人们可以更容易地接受新情况。”符合语境，故选B。
15．
根据“When change cmes, and yu have n chice but t face it, accept it.”可知，要接受改变，C项“不要只关注你对改变的感觉；相反，决定接受改变。”符合语境，故选C。
（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）Bld type is helpful t decide ne’s character. Peple might be surprised if yu dn’t knw yur bld type. ____16____ Nw let’s see what the fur bld types say.
Type O: Yu are ppular, friendly and creative. Yu might be a gd leader. Gd jbs fr yu: sprtsman, player...
____17____: Peple seem t be quiet utside but filled with wrry inside. Yu are a gd listener and have many friends. Gd jbs fr yu: writer, cmputer prgrammer...
Type B: Yu can finish big tasks independently, ____18____ Yu are gd at reading peple and helping thers. Gd jbs fr yu: teacher, scial wrker...
Type AB: ____19____Yu may be utging and friendly. Yu are mre careful than thers. Usually yu like t help thers. Gd jbs fr yu: ck, reprter...
____20____ But we dn’t have t take it t seriusly—just fr fun!
A．Type A
B．There are fur bld type: O, A, B and AB．
C．Bld type is a fun way fr us t knw things abut urselves.
D．Yu wrk hard and ften have yur wn way t achieve yur gals.
E．This kind f peple ften have the characters f bth A and B peple.
【答案】16．B
17．A
18．D
19．E
20．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四种血型对应的性格和适合的工作。
16．
根据空后“Nw let's see what the fur bld types say.”可知，空处应是说有四种血型。选项B“有四种血型：O型，A型，B型和AB型”符合语境。故选B。
17．
根据上文“Nw let's see what the fur bld types say.和文中出现的Type O、Type B和Type AB”可知，空处应是介绍A型血。选择A“A型”符合语境。故选A。
18．
根据空前“Type B Yu can finish big tasks independently”可知，空处应是说B型血的人独立性很强。选项D“你努力工作，经常有自己的方式来实现你的目标”符合语境。故选D。
19．
根据空后“Yu may be utging and friendly. Yu are mre careful than thers. Usually yu like t help thers”可知，空处应是介绍AB型血的人的性格。选项E“这类人往往有A型和B型血的人的性格”符合语境。故选E。
20．
根据后句“But we dn't have t take it t seriusly—just fr fun!”可知，空处应是说血型只是了解自己的有趣方式。选项C“血型是我们了解自己的有趣方式”符合语境。故选C。
（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）Whenever yu are invited t a western family fr dinner, t knw sme knwledge f western manners is very imprtant. _____21_____
First, be n time. T be a plite guest, be sure t get there n time. Being late as well as being t early is implite. If yu can’t get there n time, make a call as early as pssible.
_____22_____ Peple in different cuntries have different ways f greeting each ther. In Britain and the United States, peple are suppsed t shake hands when they meet fr the first time. Fr friends, they may chse a hug. In France, greeting with a kiss is very cmmn.
Third, mind table manners. When having dinner, yu shuld behave prperly. Fr example, putting yur spn in the sup bwl is cnsidered implite. _____23_____ Be careful nt t make much nise when cutting things with yur knife.
Furth, keep a prper talking distance(距离). Generally, ne meter between each ther is perfect in Britain. _____24_____ Peple will feel uncmfrtable when they are t clse t each ther r t far frm each ther.
_____25_____ Sme flwers r a bttle f wine is enugh. If there are children, sme chclate will be nice.
As the saying ges, “When in Rme, d as the Rmans d.” It’s just the key t being a plite guest abrad.
根据短文内容，将下面的句子还原到文中空白处，使短文内容完整、通顺（每个选项只能用一次。）
A．Secnd, chse prper greeting manners.
B．Here are five useful tips fr yu.
C．Hwever, half a meter is OK in the United States.
D．Last, prepare a small gift.
E．And dn’t try t talk with yur muth full.
【答案】21．B
22．A
23．E
24．C
25．D
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍被邀请到西方家庭吃饭时，需要了解的一些西方礼仪知识。
21．
根据“t knw sme knwledge f western manners is very imprtant”和后文介绍的五点建议可知，选项B“这里有五个对你有用的建议”符合语境，故选B。
22．
根据“First, be n time.”和“Third, mind table manners.”可知，此处应该介绍第二点建议，选项A“第二，选择合适的问候方式”符合语境，故选A。
23．
根据“Third, mind table manners.”可知，本段介绍餐桌礼仪，选项E“不要在嘴里塞满东西的时候说话”符合语境，故选E。
24．
根据“Furth, keep a prper talking distance(距离). Generally, ne meter between each ther is perfect in Britain.”可知，本段介绍不同国家合适的谈话距离，选项C“不过，在美国半米就可以了”符合语境，故选C。
25．
根据“Sme flwers r a bttle f wine is enugh. If there are children, sme chclate will be nice.”可知，本段建议带花、酒或者巧克力给主人，选项D“最后，准备一个小礼物”符合语境，故选D。