英语Unit 4 History and traditions背景图ppt课件

Ⅰ.匹配词义

(　　)1.philosophy A．n.港口(城市)

(　　)2.chief B．n.(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景

(　　)3.military C．n.the study of the nature and meaning

 of the universe and of human life

(　　)4.gallery D．adj.最重要的；最高级别的

 n．(公司或机构的)首领；酋长

(　　)5.port E．n.(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊

(　　)6.landscape F．adj.not far away　adv.near in position

(　　)7.nearby G．n.the facts or signs or objects that make

 you believe that sth.is true

(　　)8.evidence H．adj.军事的；军用的

(　　)9.belong to I．留心；留意

(　　)10.keep your eyes open(for)

 J．属于

[答案]　1－5　CDHEA　6－10　BFGJI

Ⅱ.默写单词

1．individual adj.　 单独的；个别的

            n.   个人

2．legal adj.   法律的；合法的

3．location n.   地方；地点；位置

4．battle n.   战役；搏斗

        vi.& vt.  搏斗；奋斗

5．generous adj.   慷慨的；大方的；丰富的

6．ancestor n.   祖宗；祖先

7．roll vi.& vt.   (使)翻滚；(使)滚动

          n.   卷(轴)；翻滚

8．custom n.   风俗；习俗；习惯

9．position n.   位置；姿态；职位

10．ensure vt.   保证；确保；担保

Ⅰ.语境填空

amount；nearby；greeted；eager；rolling；customs；conquering；individuals；battling；chiefs

1．He might easily have been seen by someone who lived nearby．

2．She greeted all the guests warmly as they arrived.

3．The behavior of men as individuals is different from their behavior in a group.

4．We'll keep battling away and hope that the goals start to come.

5．Many new couples are eager to adopt the children losing their parents in the earthquake.

6．They said goodbye to the villagers，with tears rolling down their cheeks.

7．People threw coins onto the stage，as was one of the customs．

8．All the chiefs of the related countries will have an important meeting in the United Nations.

9．In the last few years，the company has succeeded in conquering the European market.

10．People should decrease the amount of fat they eat.

Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词

1．His letter poses a number of puzzling(puzzle)questions.

2．Please ensure(sure)that all lights are switched off.

3．I have to find a convenient location(locate)for the shelves.

4．It is only the achievement(achieve)of these goals that will finally bring lasting peace.

5．It was generous(generosity)of him to offer to pay for us both.

6．When I learned that he was ill，I sent him a greeting(greet) card.

7．Those woods gave us all a sense of belonging(belong)．

8．Today's announcement(announce) of a peace agreement came after weeks of discussion.

9．A must is a visit to the fascinating(fascinate)Motor Museum.

10．It's illegal(legal) to read people's private letters without permission.

1．So what is the difference between them，if any?

如果有区别的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？

2．And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

它们甚至有各自的足球队参加像世界杯这样的比赛。

3．They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses.

他们是英语的创始人，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。

4．The Normans were French，so many French words slowly entered into the English language.

诺曼人是法国人，因此英语中逐渐增加了许多法语单词。

5．The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions.

因为具有新老传统，英国是历史与现代文化相结合，很有魅力。

词语助读

①be confused by对……感到迷惑

②if any如果有什么的话

※if so如果那样

③a little bit一点儿

④puzzle n．谜；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑

※solve a puzzle解决难题

puzzling adj.令人困惑的

puzzled adj.感到困惑的

⑤nearby adj.附近的；邻近的 adv.在附近

⑥Wales威尔士(英国)

⑦join...to...把……和……连接或联结起来

※join sb.in doing sth.加入某人一起做某事

⑧Scotland苏格兰(英国)

⑨add v．增加，增添

⑩break away(from sb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱

⑪result in导致

※result from由于

⑫Northern Ireland北爱尔兰(英国)

⑬shorten vt.缩短

※­en是动词后缀，意为“使具有某种特性”

⑭refer to...as...把……称为……

⑮belong to属于

belong vi.应在(某处)；适应

⑯area n．[熟词生义]领域，方面

⑰as well as同(一样也)；和；还

※as well as用于连接两个并列成分

※as well as连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数和第一个主语一致

⑱currency n．通货；货币

⑲military adj.军事的；军用的

⑳defence n．防御；保卫

for example例如

legal adj.法律的；合法的

※illegal adj.不合法的；非法的

illegally adv.不合法地；非法地

surround vt.围绕；包围

※be surrounded by被……包围

evidence n．证据，证明

take over接管，掌管

throughout prep.贯穿，遍及

Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n．古罗马人；罗马市民

achievement n．成就；成绩；达到

include doing sth.包括做某事

Anglo­Saxon盎格鲁—撒克逊人

Viking n．维京人；北欧海盗

leave behind留下

location n．地方；地点；位置

Norman adj.诺曼式的；诺曼人的

※the Normans诺曼人

conquer vt.占领；征服；控制

Battle of Hastings 黑斯廷斯战役

※battle n．战役；搏斗 vi.& vt.搏斗；奋斗

enter into成为……的一部分；影响

port n．港口(城市)

date back to(＝date from)上溯至

all the way一直

all over the UK全英国

※all over China全中国

fascinating adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的

keep your eyes open(for)留心；留意

be surprised to do sth.很惊奇地做某事

原文呈现

WHAT'S IN A NAME?

The United Kingdom，Great Britain，Britain，England—many people are confused by① what these different names mean[1]．So what is the difference between them，if any②？Getting to know a little bit③ about British history[2] will help you solve this puzzle④.

[1]what引导的从句作介词by的宾语，what在从句中作mean的宾语。

[2]Getting to know...是动名词短语作主语。

In the 16th century，the nearby⑤ country of Wales⑥  was joined to⑦ the Kingdom of England.Later，in the 18th century，the country Scotland⑧  was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century，the Kingdom of Ireland was added⑨ to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally，in the 20th century，the southern part of Ireland broke away from⑩ the UK，which resulted in⑪ the full name we have today[3]：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland⑫.Most people just use the shortened⑬ name：“the United Kingdom”or“the UK”．People from the UK are called“British”，which means the UK is also often referred to as⑭ Britain or Great Britain[4]．

[3]which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个主句的内容。其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name。

[4]which means...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰主句。

The four countries that belong to⑮ the United Kingdom[5] work together in some areas⑯.They use the same flag，known as the Union Jack[6]，as well as⑰ share the same currency⑱ and military⑲ defence⑳.However，they also have some differences.For example，England，Wales，Scotland，and Northern Ireland all have different  education systems and legal systems.They also have their  own traditions，like their own national days and national dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

[5]that belong to...是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰the four countries，that在从句中作主语。

[6]过去分词短语known as the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰the same flag。

The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore[7]，which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions[8]．Almost everywhere you go in the UK[9]，you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history[10]．The first group，the Romans[11]，came in the first century.Some of their great achievements included  building towns and roads.Next，the Anglo­Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language，and changed the way people built houses[12]．The Vikings came in the eighth century，left behind lots of new vocabulary，and also the names of many locations across the UK.The last group were the Normans.They conquered England after the well­known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They had castles built all around England[13]，and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French，so many French words slowly entered into the English language.

[7]不定式to explore作定语，修饰history。

[8]which can help you...是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰history，which在从句中作主语。

[9]...everywhere you go in the UK是状语从句，everywhere“处处，到处”，引导状语从句。

[10]who took over...是who引导的定语从句，修饰four different groups of people，who在从句中作主语。

[11]the Romans作the first group的同位语。

[12]people built houses是省略了关系代词that或in which的定语从句，修饰the way，that或in which在从句中作方式状语。

[13]had castles built all around England是have sth.done结构，表示“让某事被做”。

There is so much more to learn[14] about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable．[15]The capital city London is a great place to start，as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to  Roman times[16]．There are countless historic sites to explore，and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture，with both new and old traditions.If you keep your eyes open，you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.

[14]There is so much more to learn...是“There be＋主语＋to do”结构，不定式表示动作尚未发生。

[15]Studying the history of the country是动名词短语作状语。make your visit...是make＋宾语＋宾语补足语(形容词)结构。

[16]...as it is...是as引导的原因状语从句，其中that引导的定语从句修饰an ancient port city，dating all the way...是现在分词短语作后置定语修饰a history。

译文参考

名字里有什么？

联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——许多人对这些不同的名字的含义感到困惑。如果有区别的话，那么它们之间的区别是什么呢？了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。

16世纪，邻近的威尔士并入英格兰王国。后来，在18世纪，苏格兰加入创建了大不列颠王国。在19世纪，爱尔兰王国加入创建大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰的南部脱离了英国，形成了我们今天的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用简称：“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“British”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。

所属英国的四个国家在一些领域进行了合作。像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。然而，他们也有一些不同之处。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也有自己的传统，像他们自己的节日和菜肴。他们甚至有各自的足球队参加像世界杯这样的比赛！

英国有悠久而有趣的历史可以探索，这可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。几乎无论你走到英国的哪个地方，周围总有迹象表明，在历史上，有四批人在不同的时期统治着英国。第一批人是罗马人，在公元1世纪来到这里。他们的一些伟大成就包括建设城镇和道路。接下来，盎格鲁—撒克逊人在5世纪来到了这里。他们是英语的

创始人，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人在8世纪来到了这里，留下了很多新词汇，以及英国许多地方的名字。最后一批是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并对法律体系进行了改革。诺曼人是法国人，因此英语中逐渐增加了许多法语单词。

关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多要学习的。研究这个国家的历史将使你的旅行更加愉快。首都伦敦是一个很好的起点，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，它的历史可以追溯到罗马时代。有无数的历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多博物馆收藏着来自英国各地的古代文物。因为具有新老传统，英国是历史与现代文化相结合，很有魅力。如果你留心的话，你会惊奇地发现你能看到它的过去和现在。