高考英语二轮复习阅读推断题讲义以及练习题（含答案）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习阅读推断题讲义以及练习题（含答案），共8页。试卷主要包含了从主旨来推 2等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读专题：推断题解题思路：大部分推断题只要找到文章与各个段落中心句，根据中心意思去推断就可以，正确答案和主旨有着高度相似性。细节推断最难，需要逐个带着选项回去到文中找。推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。推理判断题一般概括为1）细节推断        2）词义推断       3）观点态度推断        其他推断题题干标志词：infer，suggest，indicate, conclude, imply, learn from, we know that...., the writer believes...方法特征：总体来说，推断题要立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念或过于片面；切记掺杂自己主观想法、经验；不可选择对阅读材料的简单重复的选项。细节推断题    （1）中心相关 （2）细节主旨推断题  （1）中心相关（给段落分层）   （2）主旨相关从推断题类别将解题技巧总结如下：（1）推断观点态度：一般问题形式为：The writer’s attitude toward...is...The writer thought that...技巧：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词、虚拟语气、情态动词、过渡词及所举例子，推断作者的弦外之音，如：作者在形容词前用了too, excessively, rather 等，则常带否定意味。 （2）推断词义：阅读中碰到生词时，首先应根据句子的意思判断出此单词的词性及其感情色彩和其在句子中所充当的成分；然后根据我们平常所学的构词法知识，联系上下文和平时积累的常识，来推测这个单词的意义。并且猜测单词时，没有必要猜测出其准确的意义，只要能猜出其大概意义即可。① 根据构词法猜测词义：我们所学过的构词法主要有 3 种：派生法、转化法和合成法。Most seaweed is red and brown in color. (seaweed由sea与weed合成，意为“海草”) Invariably the background was the same. (invariably由in + vary + able + ly 构成，意为“不可改变地”)You’ll be punished if you desert rubbish everywhere. (desert 由名词 desert 转化而成，意为“丢弃”)② 根据上下文的语境猜测词义：我们可利用定义、解释、重述、用途、同义词、反义词、同义结构、反义结构及逻辑关系来猜测单词。Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds. (由 devour 与后面动词 kill的并列结构得知 devour 意为“毁坏”)Wood and skins have easily rotted away, but stone doesn’t decay. (根据 but 的反义结构可知 decay 意为“腐烂”)③ 根据常识猜测词义：我们可根据所学的知识及生活经验来猜测单词Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport. (由句子的意义可看出alpinist 意为“把登山作为体育运动的人”)（3）推断写作意图目的：方法1.从主旨来推   2.从问题类别来推一般如：记叙文特别是有趣经历或幽默故事的目的是娱乐读者：make people laugh or to tell an interesting experience；夹叙夹议目的让读者得到某种启示或教育;广告和议论文目的是说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；科普类说明文或新闻报告目的是告知读者某些信息。  细节推断题（2016年天津，B）Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student(技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.42. What can we learn about the author’s children?   （文章内容推断）A. His daughter does better in school.B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.C. His son tried hard to finish homework.D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.   答案：A 根据答案回去找细节，注意选项与文中时态语态的细微差别。 天津2018年6月C篇Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements2 ．What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraph 3？A. It solves food shortages easily. B. It quickens the transportation of food.C. It needs no space for the storage of food.D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.  这道题我们可以看出这段的主旨是可持续性，因此，第三段的正确答案很有可能与可持续性有关。开头第一句话明显不像主旨句，第二句和段落标题一致，因此，它整个段落的中心句。只有D在说可持续性。 2016全国卷三Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.   ＂The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,＂ says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. ＂They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.＂2.What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?A. They’re socially inactive．B. They’re good at telling stories．C. They’re inconsiderate of others．D. They’re careful with their words．  答案：C.审题干，我们可以看出只有But when……这句话对答题有用。这时仔细看这一句话就能发现“You care”是解题关键。因此要选择与之相反的，才符合题干的要求，所以选C.  Chimps（黑猩猩） will cooperate in certain ways，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory．But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings，they have little instinct （本能） to help one another．Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves．Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children．who are able from a young age to gather their own food．
  In the laboratory，chimps don't naturally share food either．If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no great effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage，he will pull at random---he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not．Chimps are truly selfish．
  Human children，on the other hand are extremely cooperative．From the earliest ages，they decide to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals．The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children．He finds that if babies aged 18months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help．
  33．What can we learn from the experiment with chimps？___
A．Chimps seldom care about others'interests．
B．Chimps tend to provide food for their children．
C．Chimps like to take in their neighbors'food．
D．Chimps naturally share food with each other．
34．Michael Tomasello's tests on young children indicate that they___．
A．have the instinct to help others
B．know how to offer help to adults
C．know the world better than chimps
D．trust adults with their hands full  答案：A  A这两道细节题推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断出来。   
2019年天津3月高考 C篇Perhaps what’s most important here is that these measures can be changed. Docters can take this information and help patients make changes to lifestyles, and hopefully take steps to improve their biological conditions. “I think the most exciting thing about this reserch is that these things aren’t set in stone,” Levine said. “People can be given the information earlier and take steps to improve their health before it’s too late”According to Prof. Levine, what is the most exciting thing about her reserch?The measures are not fixed.Health services can be set up.The problems are not that serious.The reserch results are written in stone. 答案：A 这道推断题依然能根据段落中心意思推断出来。  段落推断题 2014天津B “It’s really fun”, said the owner of a bookstore, who was present for one of the test runs. “Obviously you can’t shake hands with the author， but there are chances for a connection that you don’t get from a regular book signing..The response to the invention has not been all favorable. Atwood has received criticism from authors who think she is trying to end book tours. But she said, “It will be possible to go to places that you never got sent to before because the publishers couldn’t  afford it.”45. What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?  A. Atwood doesn’t mean to end book tours.B. Critics think the LongPen is of little useC. Bookstore owners do not support the LongPenD. Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost 答案：A 这道题属于细节推断，只能回去文章找，注意细节。  2015年天津高考B篇The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.……The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.42.  What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?A. Communicate with you and perform operations.B. Answer your questions and make requests.C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk.D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.44.  We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ______. A. train employees          B. be our workmates  C. improve technologies          D. take the place of workers 答案：D B提示：注意选项偷换主语，需要考生有一定词汇量，能看懂文中与选项中的同义词替换。2013天津D.  When asked about happiness,we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight,which seems to get rarer the older we get.  For kids,happiness has a magical quality.Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫不掩饰的).  In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes.Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement,love and popularity.I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.  In adulthood the things that bring deep joy----love,marriage,birth----also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.For adults,happiness is complicated(复杂的)  My definition for happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”.The more we can enjoy what we have,the happier we are.It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends,the freedom to live where we please,and even good health.  I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday.First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing,which I love.When the kids and my husband came home,I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.  Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work.I don’t think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children,had much of either.She did have a network of close friends and family,and maybe this is what satisfied her.  We,however,with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area,have turned happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have.We’ve so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable.So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success,without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier  Happiness isn’t about what happens to us----it’s about how we see what happens to us.It’s the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative.It’s not wishing for what we don’t have,but enjoying what we do possess.52.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 5 and 6?A.She cares little about her own health     B.She enjoys the freedom of traveling                C.She is easily pleased by things in daily life           D.She prefers getting pleasure from housework53.What can be informed from Paragraph 7?A.Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness                B.Psychologists’opinion is well proved by Grandma’case                 C.Grandma often found time for social gatherings                  D.Grandma’s happiness came from modest expectations of life 答案：C D依然围绕文章与段落主旨推断。词义、句意推断   （2018滨海七校一模，C）By trying to tickle(挠痒痒) rats and recording how their nerve cells respond, Shimpei Ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that has puzzled thinkers since Aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals.It turns out that Aristotle was wrong. In their study published on Thursday, Ishiyama and his adviser Michael Brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies. These signs of joy changed according to their moods. And for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells. These nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes an individual being tickled to lose control. 64. The underlined word “squeak” in Paragraph 2 may be explained by ______. A. give a smile    B. make a noise    C. burst into tears   D. watch with staring eyes  答案：B  词义推断得把选项单词带回去试，否则容易误选A，实际上主语是老鼠，能排除A。 2016天津C  The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, （“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”）49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?  ( 猜测词意)A. Quick to react.       B. Having a thin edge.C. Clear and definite.      D. sudden and rapid. 答案：C句子虽然长，但是大部分信息是废话，注意找出句子主干，实际上sharp是The link的表语，形容The link，看到这里，这时答题就变得容易了。 2015天津高考D篇Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.52. What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?   (词意猜测)A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.答案：B 根据主旨选。 观点态度推断 2015新课标全国1卷BThe freezing Northeast o spend time this winter, so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota, Florida, my bags were packed before you could say ＂sunshine＂. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C), thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part- particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold — weather root vegetables — was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarahasn’t been a terribly fun place tsota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.The market, which was founded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m., rain or shine, along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries, the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck; and most of all, the tomatoes: amazing, large, soft and round red tomatoes.Disappointed by many a broken, vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store, once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry, hard, and tasteless. But I homed in, with uncertainty, on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand, full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal — and at that moment, I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where —luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu, I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A. Exciting.     B. Boring.     C. Relaxing.      D. Annoying.答案：B 回到文中，会发现，作者认为纽约的生活不够理想，所以从B或D中选，而D程度太深，故B合适。（2018天津十二校联考一模，B）    To be honest, I’ve never been much of a bird person. I also have a healthy respect for birds, and by healthy I mean slightly fear-based. They’re basically living dinosaurs. I wish they’d chosen another backyard. There are only so many sunny days in Seattle, and I still can’t do any gardening out there. But I’m also grateful that I got to see this little bit of nature unfold up close. It’s pretty amazing.44. By saying “They’re basically living dinosaurs” in paragraph 5, the author means____.A. birds are rare.                      B. birds are very ugly.C. she is afraid of birds.                  D. she is respectful to birds. 答案：C