高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词讲义以及练习题（含答案）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习非谓语动词讲义以及练习题（含答案），共12页。试卷主要包含了什么时候使用非谓语动词？，非谓语动词的基本形式与使用规则，三种非谓语基本形式的变形，更多t d 不定式用法， ding， dne等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. 什么是非谓语动词？谓语的形式？

非谓语动词，简单理解就是动词改变形式以后，不做谓语，而是去做除了谓语以外的其他句子成分。
（时态语态形式的动词全都是谓语，而非谓语和时态语态比较像，注意不要混淆）
简单来说，非谓语动词有三种基本形式，记住三种基本形式以后我们去记变形的形式。

2.什么时候使用非谓语动词？

非谓语动词，在同一个句子中有了谓语动词时，我们还需要用到动词，这时我们有三个解决办法：（1）插入从句；（2）并列句；（3）用非谓语。

下边这三句话我们判断，哪一个需要用非谓语形式？
（1）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which _____(use) it differently.
（2）He had plenty of money and he __________(spend) it freely.
（3）Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ____(use) the sun and the stars.
是第（3）句需要用非谓语形式。第一句是从句，第二句是并列句，这两句都需要用谓语动词。
(注意与时态语态区分) To be honest, no speech _______so far has had the same effect on me as this one.
A. has been made B. being made C. made D. to be made
答案：C. 这道题我们先要判断用谓语动词还是非谓语动词：由于句中有谓语动词，而且不存在从句和并列句，因此选择非谓语动词。那究竟怎么选择非谓语动词的形式呢，它们又有哪些形式，我们往下看。

3.非谓语动词的基本形式与使用规则


做题总依据：to do表目的、表将来，doing表主动、表正在进行，done表被动、表完成。

例题1. –Why are they pulling down the houses? --______ a new parking lot.
A. Build B.To build C. Building D. Built
答案：C. to do表示目的：为了建造停车场。
例题2.______ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A. Being raised B.Raising C.Raised D. To raise
答案：C. 被动和完成的含义：他过去被抚养在格拉斯哥最穷的地区。
例题3. Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A. writing B.to write C. written D. being written
答案：C. 被动和完成的含义：书已经被写完了。


练习题（1）. When the clerk saw a kind face in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground,______ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering B.wonder C. to wonder D. wondered

练习题（2）. There are still many problems______before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
A. solving B.solved C. being solved D. to be solved

4.逻辑主语的重要性以及怎么找到逻辑主语？

逻辑主语就是非谓语动词的动作的主语是谁？为什么说找到逻辑主语很重要，我们回顾刚才的例题3.
Clearly and thoughtfully_____, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A. writing B.to write C. written D. being written
这道题逻辑主语是书，但是如果把逻辑主语看成人，那么选就应该选A，而不是正确答案C. 很多同学都错在找不到逻辑主语上了。

逻辑主语寻找方法：在非谓语所在句中先往前寻找主语，如果有名词/代词，那么非谓语动词前边的名词/代词就是逻辑主语，此时注意往前找的时候需要是同一句里的名词或者代词，名词/代词与非谓语之间不允许有逗号隔开，否则就不是逻辑主语了。
如果往前没有名词或者代词，那么主句主句就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语。


5.三种非谓语基本形式的变形：

简单来记：

be被动变形： to be done表示：为了被……;将要被……
being done表示：正在被……; 只表示被动。注意和done区别开

(注意：to be doing 表示动作主动正在进行： They pretend to be working when the boss came in.)


have完成变形（多表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作，或强调完成）：
having done表示之前主动做完某事 having been done 之前被……
to have done表示之前主动做，不能单独出现，一般需要出现在谓语动词后边。 to have been done表示之前被……,也不能单独出现，一般出现在谓语动词后边。
为了记住这些变形，我们看几个例句。

e.g. Not having got far in the contest, we are so disappointed.
(非谓语动词的否定形式：在前边+not)
Professor John is said to have made some significant advances in his research.
Having been denied by many potential customers , the salesman had to gather his courage and sell the product in different ways.

例题： --Did you have a good time last night?
--Yes, thank you. I appreciated______to the concert.
A. to be invited B. being invited
C. to have been invited D. having been invited
详解：由于appreciate后接doing形式，那么从B或D中选择，因为是昨晚的邀请，过去了，用D.表示完成。

练习题（3）_____for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work B.Worked C. To be working D. Having worked
练习题（4）______nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.
A.Having spent B.To spend C.spent D. To have spent
练习题（5）Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it______ live is quite another.
A. perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed
练习题（6）The engine just won’t start. Something seems____ wrong with it.
A. to go B.to have gone C.going D. having gone


6.注意固定搭配--注意词组，注意固定句式。


有时候，当动词是使动词时，大家就容易做错题，关于使动词，我们这里不做过多赘述，做这类题想提高正确率，最简单的方法，就是背住常考词组。
比如：
例题：______to her own work, she spent little time with her family.
A.Devoted B. To be devoted
C.Devoting D. Having devoted
这道题正确答案是A. 如果不知道devote是使动词，或者不知道be devoted to doing 这个词组，按照主观意愿，就会选为C. 同学们会认为主动投入工作，就应该选C.所以要积累以下词组：
常考：be located in; be devoted to(sth/doing sth); be absorbed in; be known as; be intended to do/for sth;be determined to do; be expected to do……
练习题（7）
______(locate) in the center of the town , the shopping mall is crowded with customers every day.

固定句式：It remains to be seen, sth is believed to do(人们认为……)—作文万能句子

整体非谓语动词的规则我们清楚了之后，大概可以做对一半的非谓语动词题目。另一半题目，需要积累。我们一起看一下，这些非谓语动词的细节知识点。


8.更多to do 不定式用法


8.1作主语
—To read this book is the best thing that you can do now. （了解即可--与doing作主语的区别：就是to do 的动作为一次性的，动名词为经常性的）
经常用It 作形式主语。 常考的句型--It is adj for /of sb+to do sth.
翻译句子：对你来说学好英语很重要。
你嘲笑残疾人是不对的。

8.2作宾语
下列动词后边再接动词只能接不定式：
Decide determine, learn, want, expect, hope, wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask, beg, help, seem to do……

还有跟在疑问词后边的不定式：疑问词 + to do作宾语
E.g. I do not know how to fix the equipment.
在谓语（动词）后，表达带有疑问的内容，直接在to do 前加相应疑问词。
练习：翻译“我不知道什么时候去”
I don’t know when to go.）

8.3作表语
(了解即可)His job is to paint the walls. （与doing作表语的区别：就是to do 的动作为一次性的，动名词为经常性的）

8.4作补语
e.g The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.
类似的常接补语的谓语动词还有：
advise, allow, ask, encourage, expect, remind, wish, want, warn, tell， permit， forbid， persuade等 接sb时，接to do (注意没有hope sb to do sth)
(allow, forbid,permit，advise如果后边没有其他人做宾语，直接接非谓语的话要接doing.很多学生在这里也比较猛=懵，注意区分 ：We don’t allow smoking here= We don’t allow anyone to smoke here.)

8.5作定语
She is a nice girl to get along with.
被序数词、最高级或all, no, any修饰的中心词，后接不定式作定语。
He was the first one to come.

8.6作状语
表目的：
表结果：常考—only to do出乎意料的结果in order to, so as to. We took an umbrella so as to not to get wet.
表原因：常考—I was so happy to see her yesterday. 形容词作表语时，后接不定式。（be adj +to do）
或者直接当成固定句式来记忆—主语+be+adj+to do.例句—The task is easy to finish.（注意to do用主动）
Blame (主动表被动 be to blame)

9. doing （动名词、现在分词）

9.1作主语
常见句型—It be no use/no good/worth+doing

注意： doing可以做主语，但是having done和having been done不可以。
练习题（8） --What made Bill so angry?
--______. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she has not come yet.
A.Having kept waiting B.Being kept waiting
C.To be keeping wait D.Being kept waited



9.2作宾语
后边再接动词，只能接doing形式的词或词组：
consider, admit, put off, avoid, tolerate, miss, keep, practice, forbid, advise, imagine, mind, can’t help, feel like, spend time(in), give up， have fun,

look forward to， make contributions to, devote oneself to, be devoted to; be absorbed in; lead to; pay attention to; refer to; stick to………

9.3作表语
(了解即可)His job is painting walls. （与to do作表语的区别：就是to do 的动作为一次性的，动名词为经常性的）

9.4作状语
常考—Considering your health, you’d better have a rest. 类似的还有 Generally speaking, Judging from……

10. done (过去分词)

常考—表被动表完成。
e.g They cut the money used in experiments.
常考的词组：be located in; be devoted to; be known as;be connected with; be absorbed in……

11.易混点&特例：
1.有些表示感觉的动词，现在分词表示”令人…”,修饰物，过去分词形式的修饰人。
The trip is really exciting. She is very excited.

2.有些词组既可以跟动名词，也可以跟不定式。
forget to do 忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过
remember to do 记得去做 remember doing记得做过
regret to do 遗憾去做 regret doing后悔做过
stop to do停下来手里的事，去做另一件事 stop doing停止做某事
try to do 尽力做某事 try doing尝试做某事
mean to do 打算做某事 mean doing意味着
can’t help (to) do不能帮助做 can’t help doing(情不自禁做)。

Please remember this letter for me.请记住帮我寄信。( to send）
I remember the letter for you.我记得帮你寄了那封信。（sending）



3.感官动词、使役动词分析

有些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，但是不定式要省略；
表宾语主动做了某事时：一感（feel）,二听（hear, listen）, 三让（let, make, have）,四看（look at,see, watch,notice）
练习题（9）He lost his key. It made him____in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
A. to stay B.stayed C. stays D.stay
但是变为被动语态必须加上to.
My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.

使役动词get后接符合宾语其他形式：
get+…+to do使……做 get+……+doing 使…开始做 get+…+done 使被……

练习题（10）She often makes a schedule to get herself______of what she is to do in the day.
A.remind B.reminded C.reminding D. to remind

--感官动词后接宾补其他形式：
see +…+doing sth表示看见宾语正在做；
see+…+do sth 表示看见宾语主动做完了，看见了全程；
see+…+being done 表示看见宾语正在被……；
see +……+ done看见被做，做完了。
hear,listen, look at, watch, notice等与上述see的用法一样，看宾语的时态语态，根据意思推断使用何种形式的非谓语。记住主动做了to省略，被动还原to.
I heard her ________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.

注意：其他省略to的不定式：
cannot but; cannot choose but; can not help but翻译为“不得不”，后接省略to的不定式
在连词but之前如果有动词do,其后的不定式不用to,即do nothing but+动词原形
He does nothing but complain.如果but前面的动词不是do,那么一般要带to.

4. find 后的情况： sb doing sth发现某人正在做；sth/sb done sth表完成状态。

5.catch sb doing sth撞见某人正在…… pretend to be doing 假装正在做某事

6.固定句式：be said to do—He is said to have gone abroad(联想主语从句—It is said that he has gone abroad).
be considered to do, be supposed to do……

7.When it comes to sth/doing sth英语作文万能句子—当说起…时，要论…..
have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth

8.短语积累

be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done=be worth doing=be worthwhile to do/doing

(物做主语)require/deserve/need to be done=need doing




参考答案：
练习题（1）-（6）：ADDAD B
练习题（7）:Located
练习题（8）、(9):BD

课后练习题：
1 ____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A．To throw B．Thrown C．Being thrown D．Throwing
2. The lecture ________, a lively question-and-answer session followed.
A．being given B．having given
C．to be given D．having been given
3. ____ the right decision _____ the future is probably the most important thing we will ever do in our lives．
A．Making; concerned B．Make; concerning
C．To make; concerned D．Making; concerning
4. The Diaoyu islands have been part of China’s territory since ancient times, ______ as important fishing grounds of Taiwan.
A．served B．to serve C．serving D．having served
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice _____ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
6. The house price keep rising，________ many people to give up the intention of buying houses
A.forcing B. to force C. forced D. having forced
7. It rained heavily in the south ,_____serious flooding in several provinces.
A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause

8. _________ the temperature might drop,coal was prepared for warming.
A．To consider B．Considered C．Considering D．To be considered
9. The witnesses ______ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A．questioned B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned

10. Children，when ______ by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
A． to be accompanied B．to accompany
C．accompanying D．Accompanied
11. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues________ with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
12. _________by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their mind.
A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging
C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged
13. This winter, one of the largest ______ snowstorms hit many areas.
A. recording B. recorded C. being recorded D. to record
14. Whenever I’m seated alone in the living room.I find myself _________ to the picture on the wall.
A attracting B attracted C attracted D being attracted
15. The police warned that anyone ______guilty of taking drugs in that country would be put in prison.
A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found
16. Clearly and thoughtfully________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
A．writing B．to write C．written D．being written
17. With a lot of problems______here, the newly-elected director will have a hard time.
A.to solve B.solve
C.solved D.solving
18. With five minutes ______before the last train left, we arrived at the station.
A.go B.to go
C.going D.gone
19. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ______.
A．not to do B．not do C．not to D．do not
20.–Did the book give the information you needed?
–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A． to find B．find C．to finding D．Finding
21. ____to a university in the UK , international students must display a strong ability in spoken and written English.
A.Having been admitted B.To be admitted
C.Being admitted D.Admitted
22. This is the only way we can imagine ________ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
A．reducing  B．to reduce C．reduced   D．reduce
23.—The last one __________________ pays the meal. —Agreed! 
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving

24.______(locate) in the center of the town , the shopping mall is crowded with customers every day.
A.Located B.Locating
C.Being located D. Having located
25． The old black woman used to tell stories under the tall tree, her grandchildren ________ around and ________ attentively.
A seating ; listening B seated; listened
C seating; listened D seated; listening

1.
【答案】D
【解析】整个句子的主语只有一个就是the fans,那么前面的分句 扔这个动作显然是由 the fans 发出的,所以是用现在分词,表示主动。
2.
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词用法。句中逻辑主语lecture与动词give是被动关系，故需要用被动语态。being given指正在进行的演讲；to be given将要发表的演讲。having been given则强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词follow的动作之前。句意：发表演讲之后，接下来是现场提问时间。故D正确。
3.
【答案】D
【解析】第一空为动名词非谓语做主语，关键在于动词concern和它的逻辑主语之间的关系。原句的构成：考虑到未来的正确决定，主动，所以答案为D。
4.
【答案】C
【解析】钓鱼岛自古以来就是中国领土的一部分,是台湾重要的渔区（即捕鱼的地方）。
钓鱼岛与serve as是主动关系。
5.
【答案】A
【解析】V-ing作宾语补足语的用法。解析：V-ing常接在感官动词如hear, see, catch, find, smell, feel和某些表“致使”意义的动词keep, have, leave等后作宾语补足语。由题干中的hear可知，空格内应填calling。
6.
【答案】A
【解析】doing表示结果状语。持续增长的房价挨，使得放弃买房子的打算。
7.
【答案】C
【解析】南方下了大雨，在几个省区造成严重洪灾。空格后serious flooding是rained heavily的后果，而且句子主语it和cause之间存在主动关系，所以此处要用动词的ing形式作结果状语。选C。
8.
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意，该空须填一个连词。considering为连词，“就……而论；照……来看”。故选C。
9.
【答案】A
【解析】questioned 过去分词表示被动态，被警方质询的目击者。注意witness 是名词，目击者，目睹者。
10.
【答案】D
【解析】当状语从句的主谓和从句的主谓一致，且谓语是be动词时，状语从句主谓可省略。所以When they are accompanied by……变为，when accompanied by……
11.
【答案】A
【解析】这里考查非谓语动词做宾补。其中amuse与宾语colleagues之间是动宾关系，也就是英语上所说的被动，选择过去分词amused 表示被动。且done修饰人。
12.
【答案】C
【解析】这个属于分词作状语,看它和句子主语的关系,主动用v-ing,被动用v-ed,many farmers应该是被鼓励的。
13.
【答案】B
【解析】本句中的主语应该是one snowstorm，它与record之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语，故选B．
14.
【答案】C
【解析】.每当我独自坐在客厅时,我发现自己总会被挂在墙上的她
的照片吸引著。(由於"我"是'被吸引',因此不用attracting(吸引他人),而用
attracted.而因为照片是'被人挂在墙上',因为用被动式。
15.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：警察警告说在那个国家任何被发现吸毒的人都 会被关进监狱。此处是非谓语短语做后置定语，find和被修饰词anyone之间是被动关系，用过去分词，选B。
16.
【答案】C
【解析】这本书写得既清楚又完整，该书激励了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的自信心。clearly and thoroughly 是副词，writing是动词的-ing形式，表示与主语book是主动关系；to write是动词不定式，表将来和目的；written是动词的过去分词形式，表示与主语book是被动的关系。根据语境可知，选C。 

17.
【答案】A
【解析】（to + 动词）有这样的一个作用，表示未完成的事物，待完成的事物，比如：I have a lot of work to do. 另外，一般不定式做后置定语的时候不用它们的被动式。
18.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。With five minutes to go before the last train left,是介词短语作状语，意思是“在最后一班火车出发前五分钟”,with five minutes to go是还剩下五分钟。
19.
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查动词不定式符号to的保留、不定式符号to后面的省略以及不定式的否定形式。句意：那个司机想把他的小汽车停在路边，但是警察让他不要把车停在路边。通过分析题干，再结合句意可知，动词不定式符号to后面省略了“park his car near the roadside”，全句补充完整是“The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside.”。在此种用法中可以只在句中保留不定式符号to，从而把与前面重复的内容省略；动词不定式的否定形式是直接在不定式符号to的前面加上否定副词not/never，故答案选A项。
20.
【答案】A
【解析】表示目的要用动词不定式。
21.
【答案】B
【解析】不定式表示目的,同时它也表示这个动作还没有发生,有将来时的味道.
“为了能进入美国的一个大学读书国际上的学生必须展现出自己在英语口语和写作上的超强能力”。
22.
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这是我们能想到的唯一降低学生浴室用水过多的方法。the only way to do sth.做.的唯一方法，这里we can imagine 应该是定语从句。
23.
【答案】C
【解析】最后一个到的人为这顿饭付账/买单.--同意。此题考查动词不定式非谓语做后置定语。
24.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。 be located in ...
15.
【答案】A
【解析】be seated ” 是固定的形式,意思是坐下,位于,就坐,等等.在口语中“be seated!”就是非常有礼貌的“请坐”的表达方式.比“sit down”更有礼貌。 而第二个空格,孩子们与听listening是主动的关系。
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