高考英语二轮复习时态语态讲义以及练习题（含答案）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习时态语态讲义以及练习题（含答案），共6页。试卷主要包含了1 现在时分为等内容，欢迎下载使用。
 时态的分类？语态分类？ 时态分为三层去记忆：现在时，过去时和将来时，然后再去细分。语态有两种，主动和被动。 时态语态虽然并不难，但是很多同学还是无法做对题目，导致丢分。其实，原因在于有些同学对时态语态的区分并不清楚，总是凭感觉去写。或者，有些学生根本不知道学了哪几个时态语态，只是觉得自己都知道。今天我们一起找一个简单的办法来记住高考里常考的时态语态知识要点，并了解提高做题正确率的做题方法。首先，记忆时态语态要分为三层去记。即：现在时；过去时和将来时。在这三层里再去细分，就比较容易记忆了。（不要按照什么一般时，进行时，完成时等这样的层次去记，容易乱。） 各个时态语态 2.1 现在时分为：一般现在时；现在进行时；现在完成时；现在完成进行时 2.1.1一般现在时动词形式为：do/does /am/is/ are    其被动表示：am/ is/ are + done 含义：（1）表示经常性动作、习惯性动作，或存在的状态。常与表示频率的副词或时间状语连用，比如：always，often, usually, sometimes, once a week, on Mondays…含义：（2）表示客观事实、普遍真理。 The earth goes around the sun. 其他：If ,as soon as. when等引导的条件状语从句、时间状语从句--主将从现。If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.Please tell him about it as soon as he comes back.There,here开头的倒装句中，用一般现在时表正在进行时。A bus comes here. 其他：一般现在表将来--飞机起飞，火车发车、电影演出开演等按照时刻表或按计划发生的事情，用一般现在时表将来，来表达其客观性,此时常用动词如leave, come,start,begin,go,come等。The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。 练习题（1）A Midsummer Night’s Dream______at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland.A.opens             B. is opened              C. will open        D.wil be opened  2.1.2现在进行时am/is /are doing        其被动表示：am/ is/ are being done 含义：（1）表示此时此刻正在进行。含义：（2）表示现阶段正在进行。I am studying English this term.标志词：now, these days 暗示词有：listen, see, can you see, can’t you see…注意：写信、打电话：I am writing to ask……  I am phoning to …… 特例：表示感觉的动词、喜恶、希望、状态、归属、思维或理解能力一般不用现在进行时hear, smell, feel, taste, like/hate, want,remain, have, know, forget, believe, belong to等。 特例：用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，一般和时间状语连用，arrive, begingoing to 表将来；现在进行时表将来--be doing 可以表示将来，doing一般是coming, going, leaving。（现在进行时与always，forever, continually， constantly等频度副词连用，表示反复出现的或习惯性动作，有抱怨，赞叹等感情色彩。e.g, She is always thinking of herself.）  2.1.3现在完成时 has/have done      被动表示：has/have been done 含义：（1）表示已经发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响。常与already和yet连用，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句与疑问句。含义：（2）表示动作开始于过去，持续到现在（也有可能持续下去）。 标志词：never, ever, since, for(注意for不是百分百标志着现在完成时，它只要和表示延续性的动词连用就可以，这里是很多同学的误区),since then, in the past/last days/years, so far, up to now, lately, recentlye.g In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.易错题： e.g John____in the U.S.A  for decades, but in the past years he has already adapted to living in China.A. was living             B.has lived             C. had lived              D.lived重要详解：这道题，很多同学会选择C，但是正确答案是D. 我们来看一下： in the past years he has already adapted to living in China. John已经适应住在中国了，“适应住在中国”是现在完成时，属于现在时。那么他住在美国应该是在现在时之前的事情，现在时之前就应该是一般过去时，一般过去时的之前才是过去完成时。这道题是考察现在时之前的动作，是选择D. 其他：It/This is the first time/second time 的定语从句中 : This is the first time (that) I have come here. 2.1.4 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing    被动表示： has/have been being done 含义：表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。与完成时相比强调持续性。（现在完成进行时表示：动作连着做了一段时间，一般句中会表明后果）。比如以下例句：e.g. It has been raining for three days.雨连着下了三天了。   比如以下选择题：I’m tired out. I____all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything.A. shopped       B.have shopped         C.had shopped          D.have been shopping这道题选D. 因为这里我们强调“整个下午都一直在逛街，而且结果是其他什么都没做完。” 注意：现在完成进行时和现在完成时，都可以表示“从过去开始一直到现在”有时意思差不多，可以相互替代。比如:I have lived there for 5 years.= I have been living there for 5 years.这两句话都陈述同一个事实，但是第一句偏重我在这已经住了5年了。 后者则强调，我一直在这里住，住了5年。 2.2过去时分为：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时 2.2.1一般过去时 did/ was/were              被动：was/ were done含义：表示动作发生在过去。标志：the other day, last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago,in 2012, just now… 注意：说话前发生的事，也算是过去：e.g.--The coffee is not bad.      –Yes, but you didn’t drink it.   2.2.2 过去进行时—were/was doing            被动：was/were being done含义：表示过去某个阶段或者某个时间点正在进行的动作。标志：at that time, then…… e.g He was writing a paper last week. 标志:过去的某个具体时间点:e.g. I was reading at 9 o’clock yesterday. 标志:以过去的一个动作时间来按暗示时间点： I was reading when he came in. 练习题（2）–We all had a lot of fun at the barbecue yesterday. Pity you weren’t there.  --I really should have gone with you, but I ____ on some remaining problems.A. was working              B. would work          C.worked            D.had worked  2.2.3过去完成时-had done        被动：had been done 含义：过去的过去。表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。 标志词：常与by, before等介词短语，或时间状语从句连用，比如We had just had our breakfast before Tom came in. By the end of last year, we had learned seven hundred English words.练习题（3）Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I ____my book in the cafe.A.have left          B.had left         C.would leave          D.was leaving练习题（4）During his stay inXi’an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends____.A.would recommend                B.had recommended      C.have recommended               D.were recommending 其他：It was+一段时间+since+过去完成时：It was 5 years since we had met each other.It was the first /…time+过去完成时 时间状语从句：(一…就…)no sooner+过去完成时+than+一般过去时; hardly+过去完成时+when+一般过去时; scarcely+过去完成时+when+一般过去时. 2.2.4 过去将来时-would do;was/were going to do       被动：would  be done; was/were going to be done    含义：以过去的时间点来看，将要发生的某种动作或状态.称之为过去将来时。 练习题（5）They made up their mind that they______ a new house once Larry changed jobs.   A. bought       B. would buy    C. have bought    D. had bought  高考真题难题讲解：James has just arrived, but I didn’t know  he ___until yesterday.A. will come B.was coming     C. had come    D. came这道题选B. 句子意思是，James 刚刚到达，但是直到昨晚我都不知道他要来。A 是一般将来时，but后的主句是一般过去时，所以he后边的整个宾语从句不可能用将来时。C James刚刚到，而C的意思是昨晚已经到了。D 是James刚刚到，直到昨晚都不知道他来，时态不正确，翻译过来也不知所云。只有B 是对的，注意B选项里动词是come, 在学习现在进行时里我们讲过 be coming 表示一般将来时，所以 was coming表示过去将来时。   2.3将来时—一般将来时，将来进行时,将来完成时 2.3.1一般将来时:will do , am/ is/ are going to do,被动形式：will be done; am/ is/ are going to be done 含义:（1）表示将来动作的发生或存在的状态—will do含义：（2）表示已经下定决心要做的事，有迹象表明要发生的事（be going to do） 标志：tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in two years ahead特例：现在进行时表将来--be doing 可以表示将来，doing一般是coming, going, leaving一般现在表将来--飞机起飞，火车发车等按照时刻表发生的事情,如leave, come,start,begin,go,come等。Our plane ____ ____at 9 o’clock tomorrow. 其他，be to do，be about to do ，be on the point of doing也表示将要做某事。比如：be to do 表示计划、安排好的事。The conference is to be held next week.be about to do表示马上要发生的动作，其后不接时间状语。I was about to leave the classroom when the teacher came in.be on the point of doing正要……的时候） 天津高考阅读连接-- Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.  2.3.2将来进行时will/shall be doing(shall用于第一人称I 和We, will无限制,will常见，shall了解即可)被动： will be being done 含义：将来某个时间正在发生的动作或事情。 e.g --Could I use your car tomorrow morning?   --Sure.I ____a report at home.A.will be writing              B.will have written       C.have written                 D.have been writing 本道题选择 A. 明天上午我正在家里写报道。 2.3.3 将来完成时will have done    被动：will have been done 含义：到将来某一时间某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语从句为：“By +将来某个时间”e.g. By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.  时态语态其他注意点：  （1）    宾语从句的句子时态一致问题：主句是现在或将来，则从句不受影响。如果是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词一般需要用过去的某种时态，具体那种过去时态，根据句意进行调整。I hoped I would find job soon.除非从句是永恒真理He told me that the earth goes around the sun.（2）    早该做某事：It is (high) time that +should do或者+动词过去时    （3） 有些词主动表被动get+过去分词可以表被动；系动词无被动look, sound, smell, taste, appear, seem, prove, become,get,keep,grow等；      表示开始、结束的词，begin，finish,start,open, stop,end……      表示主语的特性：read,write,drink,wash,dry,sell；      有些词组：run out;cost; take place;date back无被动 练习题（6） Babara often makes a scadule to get herself______of what she is to do in the day.A.remind             B. reminded           C. reminding          D.to remind练习题（7） Food supplies in the flood-stricken area_____. We must act immediately before there’s none left.A. have run out       B. are running out   C. have been run out   D. are being run out 易混点：过去完成时和过去时 做题时，如果易混， 那么画时间轴来确定时态，将句中所有的动作标在时间轴上去比较发生的先后。做题关键—读懂句意。排除法做单选。  课后练习： 1. Jack doesn’t smoke now, but he_________(smoke) for almost twenty years.2. Large quantities of informtion，as well as some timely help____since the organzation was built.A.has been offered             B.had been offered     C. have been offered           D.is offered 3. What do you want for breakfast, Joe?  --I think I ____ some bread and milk.A.will have            B.am going to have       C. had               D. am having4. We first met in1998, and from then on we ____ good friends .A are                  B.  will be              C . have been        D . had been5.-Tom, you look worried. What' s the matter? 一Well I _____  my father for a medical examination and I ' m waiting for the result.A sent                 B will sent              C. am sending        D. had sent6. Martin was very skilled at the job. By the time he graduated,he several ____ part - time jobs in the nearby companies .  A took up                              B was taking up         C had taken up                         D had been taken up7. The small Goose Pagoda in Xi’an, one of the 22 SIlk Road relics located in China,______back in 707 during the Tang Dynasty.A.dated               B. was dated            C.dates              D.is dating  参考答案： 练习题（1）A （2）A（3）B(4)B(5)B(6)B(7)B 课后练习：1. smoked2-7：CACA  CC