河南省南阳市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含答案

这是一份河南省南阳市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含答案，共16页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

河南省南阳市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
A
Music is universal. Take a moment to think about what music you like as you read our beginner’s guide to the history of music.
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages, which ranges from the 6th century to the 16th century, featured medieval (中世纪的) music. During this time, there were two general types of music styles — the monophonic and the polyphonic. The main forms of music included Gregorian chanting and plainchant.
Classical Period
The music forms and styles of the Classical period, which ranges from 1750 to 1820, are characterized by simpler melodies (旋律) and forms like the sonatas. During this time, the middle class had more access to music. So composers began to create music that was easier to understand. Most especially, Mozart wrote his first symphony and Beethoven was born during this period.
Romantic Period
Historiographers define the Romantic music period to be from 1800 to 1900. Music forms of the Romantic period used music to tell a story or express an idea. Various instruments including wind instruments were used. Instruments that were invented or improved during this time included the flute and the saxophone.
The 20th Century
Music during the 20th century brought about many innovations on how music was performed and appreciated. Artists were more willing to experiment with new music forms and used technology to improve their compositions. The 20th century music has various styles.
1. In which period can Mozart’s composition be found?
A. Middle Ages. B. Classical period.
C. Romantic period. D. The 20th century.
2. What can we know about music from the Romantic period?
A. It had a history of 70 years.
B. Musicians only used wind instruments.
C. Music was related to a story or an idea.
D. It was harder to understand the music forms during this period.
3. How did artists improve their music during the 20th century?
A. By inventing new instruments. B. By practicing new music styles.
C. By writing complex compositions. D. By studying advanced technology.

B
A second-grade education has not stopped garbage collector Jose Gutierrez from bringing the gift of reading to thousands of Colombian children. Gutierrez started rescuing books from the trash almost 20 years ago. He was driving a garbage truck at night through the country’s wealthier neighborhoods. The discarded (丢弃的) reading material slowly piled up. And now the ground floor of his small house is a makeshift (临时的) community library with about 20,000 books ranging from chemistry textbooks to children’s classics.
He says books are luxuries (奢侈品) for boys and girls in low-income neighborhoods such as his. New reading material at bookstores is too expensive. There are 19 public libraries in Bogota. It is a city of 8.5 million people. But the libraries tend to be located far away from poorer areas. “This should be in each corner of every neighborhood, in all the towns and all the rural areas,” says Gutierrez. “Books are the poor children’s lifesavers. And that is what Colombia needs.”
The 53-year-old Gutierrez has a love of reading that he says comes from his mother. She always read to him even though she was too poor to keep him in school. Up to now he has traveled to book fairs in Mexico and Chile to share his experience of starting a library with discarded reading material. And his fame as Colombia’s “Lord of the Books” has also brought him thousands of donated books.
Gutierrez is an enthusiastic reader of works by authors such as Leo Tolstoy, Victor Hugo and Mario Vargas Llosa. He says he does not reject technology that allows books to be read digitally. But he prefers to read the printed word on paper. “There is nothing more beautiful than having a book in your pocket, in your bag or inside your car.” he says.
4. What do we know about Jose Gutierrez from the first paragraph?
A. He was fond of reading. B. He was poorly educated.
C. He was devoted to the poor. D. He was against discarding books.
5. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Books are vital to children in poor areas.
B. The distribution of public libraries is very uneven.
C. Children in poor areas are in desperate need of books.
D. There is a serious shortage of bookstores in poor areas.
6. Why have people donated so many books to Gutierrez?
A. Because he is well known. B. Because he is a great traveler.
C. Because of his love for reading. D. Because of the influence of his mother.
7. What is Gutierrez’s attitude towards digital books?
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Interested. D. Tolerant.

C
For more than 5,000 years, chopsticks have been the preferred dining utensil (用具) of a sizable swath of humanity. Nowadays, around a third of the global population uses chopsticks daily. This is both a fact of life and these implements are often single-use, a serious environmental problem.
Every year, around 80 billion pairs find their way to landfills. “In Vancouver alone, we’re throwing out 100,000 chopsticks a day,” says Felix Böck, founder of the Vancouver-based startup ChopValue. “They’re traveling 6,000 or 7,000 miles from where they’re manufactured in Asia to end up on our lunch table for 30 minutes.”
Since 2016, Böck has been on a mission to rethink disposable chopsticks. Rather than try to eliminate them, the engineer has been building a circular economy by giving them a second life. In their home base of Vancouver, company staff pick up around 350,000 used chopsticks from 300-plus restaurants every week, all of which become book shelves, cutting boards, coasters, desks, and custom decorations. According to Böck, the startup has saved more than 50 million pairs of chopsticks from landfills since its launch.
“Once you see the volume, you think maybe that little humble chopstick can be the start of something big,” Böck says. “My expertise is in bamboo, so I always looked at chopsticks differently. I used to joke to my friends that I would make something out of chopsticks, since most of the ones we use in North America are made of bamboo.”
Chopsticks are far from the only disposable dining implement to come under scrutiny in recent years. From plastic straws to polystyrene takeout containers, many components of our food cycle sacrifice environmental impact for convenience.
“I think change starts small, and change can be a very relatable thing that we all know from daily life,” Böck says. “Right now, we’re focusing on the chopstick because it’s a very powerful story.”
8. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. The excessive use of the disposable chopsticks can cause a serious environmental problem.
B. Using chopsticks presents a threatening environmental issue.
C. Chopsticks aren’t preferred dining tool for people until nowadays.
D. Chopsticks can’t be used many times.
9. What does Böck do with the disposable chopsticks?
A. To destroy them B. To recycle them.
C. To decorate them. D. To resell them.
10. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “eliminate” in the third paragraph?
A. knock out B. kill off
C. throw out D. remove completely
11. Where can you find the passage?
A. A book review. B. A medical journal.
C. An environmental magazine. D. A biography.

D
Using AI to manage customer service is a trend that we will increasingly see more of. However, that’s not to be confused with completely replacing human interaction when it comes to customer service. So what does that mean? Does it mean the world of CS will soon be overrun by robots?
In fact, all customer service interactions have two axes (轴): emotion and urgency. New AI tools are rapidly emerging in the support space that can address high-urgency situations quickly, but when it comes to high-emotion situations, no AI can deal with them successfully. A robot might be able to recognize you’re trying to check in for a flight that was recently canceled, but the emotional axis is entirely un-programmable. Perhaps the flyer has increasingly high emotions around the flight being canceled because she is flying to a business meeting for an important occasion. Instances like this, regardless of how small or large the case is, can create high-stress moments for the customer. Only a person can comprehend the difference.
High-stress moments are the ones that stick with customers forever, so it’s important to have a plan in place. What separates the best companies is a keen sense for determining which customer service functions AI can handle on its own and which cases need to be handled by a human with AI assistance. For inquiries that are high on emotion, there’s no substitute for the personal touch of a human. Passengers whose luggage is lost are going to seek out an employee to help them locate their bag. Although AI can be used to locate that bag, it’s too emotional of an interaction to remove the human element.
The conversation around AI now is too focused on the question of how AI can replace agent interaction, which is missing the point. The aim of AI shouldn’t be to replace human interaction, but to improve human interaction. The question from here won’t be how far we can push AI, but how we can use our imagination to continue reinventing the problem-solving process.
12. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A. A lead-in. B. A summary. C. A comment. D. A background.
13. What advantage does a real person have over AI tools?
A. He can balance emotion and urgency.
B. He can understand customers’ feelings well.
C. He can handle urgency more quickly.
D. He can tell the difference of various emotions.
14. Why should companies have a plan for high-stress moments?
A. High-stress moments are very important for customers.
B. High-stress moments require more AI tools.
C. High-stress moments are unforgettable for customers.
D. High-stress moments are ignored by most companies.
15. What does the author advise us to do?
A. Try to invent more new AI tools. B. Replace humans with new AI tools.
C. Pay attention to problem-solving. D. Avoid making trouble for customers.

二、七选五
During winter, when it is cold and freezing outside, all we want to do is stay wrapped up in our blankets and remain in bed. ____16____ During times like these, one might envy animals like bears, who doze through the coldest season and wake up fresh in the spring. But how do they go without food for such a long time?
____17____ Because of terrible weather and shortages of food, certain animals hibernate (冬眠) to save energy and survive. Hibernation involves a significant slowdown of the metabolism (新陈代谢) and a drop in body temperature. Reducing their metabolism allows these animals to conserve energy during those long cold months.
To understand the need for hibernation, we first must understand the difference between endothermic and ectothermic organisms. Ectotherms are those animals whose body temperatures depend on the surrounding temperature. ____18____ Usually, they have a body temperature that changes with the temperature of their environment. They depend on things like sunlight or the surface of heated rocks to warm up. ____19 ____ They are also known as “cold-blooded” animals, which include fish, amphibians, and reptiles.
On the contrary, endotherms can regulate their own body temperature by generating internal heat. They are capable of maintaining their physiological body temperature in a stable range, regardless of the changes in the environment. Endotherms adjust their metabolic heat production and insulation to stay warm, whereas during hot weather, they sweat to cool down. Endotherms are capable of maintaining a steady temperature as compared to their changing surroundings. They are called “warm-blooded” animals, and include mammals and birds. ____20____
A. Conversely, they seek shade to cool down.
B. A cup of noodles or hot chocolate also helps.
C. Most animals usually try to gain as much weight as they can before they hibernate.
D. Hibernation is an energy-saving adaptation to protect against unpleasant conditions.
E. Thus, many animals hibernate to save energy and survive these bad winter conditions.
F. Metabolism is the process through which our body changes the food we eat into energy.
G. This means that they depend on their external environment to regulate their body temperature.

三、完形填空
Ryder was born with a serious illness and has never been able to walk. When he started attending preschool, he had to be ____21____ to the end of the road in the ____22____ to wait for his school bus by his parents every day. As Ryder was unable to ____23____ for this bus if he was running late like his schoolmates, he would have to ____24____ for up to 15 minutes out in whatever ____25____ there was. Although his father had ____26____ a patio(露台) umbrella at the end of his driveway to provide some ____27____ from harsh weather, he still would get wet and not stay ____28____.
Then his father ____29____ to reach out to their community to see if anyone had anything that would work to ____30____ Ryder. He placed a post on Facebook looking to see if one of his friends might have an old bus ____31____. After the post, he was advised to reach out to the ____32____ class at Westerly High.
He sent Dan McKena, who had been teaching construction technology at Westerly High School, an email asking if he’d be ____33____ in this kind of project. Delightfully, Dan ____34____ with an “absolutely” and then he worked hard on the project with his students for ____35____ weeks, learning new skills through YouTube as they built the hut. Meanwhile, after hearing about his problem, Home Depot ____36____ about $300 worth of wood for the project.
The hut made of wood was ____37____ enough to shelter both Ryder and one of his parents or a nurse comfortably, and was finally ____38____ to the home six weeks later. Now, Ryder ____39____ it every day before school and his parents wait inside it every day while they await his return home. He ____40____ the hut and does like to go hang out in it from time to time.
21. A. pulled B. walked C. driven D. pushed
22. A. car B. wheelchair C. bus D. plane
23. A. dance B. skip C. rush D. slip
24. A. wait B. stand C. run D. search
25. A. circumstance B. situation C. weather D. condition
26. A. search for B. put up C. take over D. find out
27. A. shelter B. help C. benefit D. delight
28. A. cool B. hot C. cold D. warm
29. A. decided B. happened C. discovered D. argued
30. A. export B. enjoy C. prevent D. protect
31. A. umbrella B. home C. hut D. corner
32. A. art B. construction C. music D. design
33. A. interested B. satisfied C. happy D. depressed
34. A. predicted B. interrupted C. delayed D. responded
35. A. pleasing B. short C. numerous D. dangerous
36. A. donated B. appointed C. sold D. earned
37. A. small B. big C. heavy D. light
38. A. fixed B. dragged C. delivered D. thrown
39. A. drives B. opens C. plays D. uses
40. A. hates B. loves C. presses D. misses

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
After ____41____(orbit) Earth for six months, the three crew members of China’s Shenzhou XIII mission ____42____(depart) from the Tiangong space station and returned to the mother planet, finishing the nation’s longest manned spaceflight.
Zhai Zhigang, ____43____ was the mission commander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air for the first time after the half-year space journey ____44____ ground recovery personnel opened the hatch of their re-entry at 10:03 a.m. Medical service workers on the site told China Central Television that the astronauts are ____45____ good condition. The re-entry capsule ____46____(touch) down on the Dongfeng Landing Site in the Gobi Desert at 9:57 am. Carrying the mission crew, the Shenzhou XIII spacecraft separated from the Tiangong station at 12:44 am. It circled the Earth several times to ____47____ (gradual) approach the mother planet. In the last hours of ____48____(they) stay inside the Tiangong, the astronauts worked with ground ____49____(control) to configure (设置) the station, transmit some _____50_____(experiment) data back to Earth and sort out materials.

五、短文改错
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I have always thought that going to the village market is so much fun. Between the holidays, I visited my aunt living in the village. The pleasant part was having to get up a little early by my standards, 6 in morning, but I managed that. I carry my aunt’s basket as we walked into the busy market. Though it was so early, but it was busy. My aunt walked around the stalls, looked at the wares. There were a lot of interesting vegetable in the market which I was not able to identifying. I bought my parents gifts respectively. I was sure that he would like them. Walking in the open air gave me a sense of peaceful and belonging.

六、书面表达
52. 教育部最近发布了义务教育劳动课程新标准。该标准包括三种任务：日常生活劳动，生产劳动和社会服务性劳动。上周我校举行班会，同学们积极讨论开设劳动课的意义，表达如何将课堂知识落实到生活中。请给校英语报投稿，报道此次活动。
注意：1. 词数100左右；（不包括文章开头）
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
The Ministry of Education recently released a new curriculum standard for labor education in compulsory education. The standard has three types of tasks: everyday chores, productive labor and service.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案
阅读理解
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个不同历史时期的音乐。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章Classical Period部分最后一句“Most especially, Mozart wrote his first symphony and Beethoven was born during this period.(尤其是莫扎特写了他的第一部交响曲，贝多芬就是在这个时期诞生的。)”可知，Classical Period这一时期可以找到莫扎特的作品。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章Romantic Period部分第二句“Music forms of the Romantic period used music to tell a story or express an idea.(浪漫主义时期的音乐形式用音乐来讲故事或表达思想。)”可知，浪漫主义时期，音乐和故事或者观点有关。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章The 20th Century部分第二句“Artists were more willing to experiment with new music forms and used technology to improve their compositions.(艺术家们更愿意尝试新的音乐形式，并运用技术来改进他们的作品。)”可知，在20世纪，艺术家通过尝试新的音乐风格来改进音乐。故选B。注意排除D项（研究先进的科技），该项的意思与原文中“used technology to improve their compositions(运用技术来改进作品)”意思不同，原文并没有提到研究最新技术。

【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了哥伦比亚一个拾荒者将近20年来捡拾人们所丢弃的图书，为贫困地区儿童建立图书馆的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A second-grade education has not stopped garbage collector Jose Gutierrez from bringing the gift of reading to thousands of Colombian children.(二年级的教育并没有阻止专收垃圾的Jose Gutierrez把阅读这一礼物带给成千上万的哥伦比亚儿童。)”可知，拾荒者Jose Gutierrez仅仅受过二年级的教育，因此他是一个没有接受良好教育的人。故选B。
2. 概括大意题。根据第二段第一句“He says books are luxuries (奢侈品) for boys and girls in low-income neighborhoods such as his.(对于像他这样的低收入社区的男孩和女孩来说，书籍是奢侈品。)”和第二段最后一句“Books are the poor children’s lifesavers. And that is what Colombia needs.(书籍是穷孩子的救命稻草。这正是哥伦比亚所需要的。)”可知，第二段的主旨大意是哥伦比亚贫困地区的儿童急需书籍。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“And his fame as Colombia’s “Lord of the Books” has also brought him thousands of donated books.(他作为哥伦比亚“书籍之王”的名声也为他带来了数千本捐赠的书籍。)”可知，人们给他捐献了很多的图书，这是因为他很出名。故选A。
4. 观点态度题。根据最后一段第二、三句“He says he does not reject technology that allows books to be read digitally. But he prefers to read the printed word on paper. (他表示，他并不排斥允许电子阅读的技术。但他更喜欢读纸上的印刷字。)”可知，虽然他更喜欢纸质的图书，但也不反对电子图书。也就是说，他对电子图书持有包容的态度。故选D。

【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要说明Chop Value公司创始人Felix Böck和他的员工从温哥华的许多餐馆回收用过的一次性筷子，用这些筷子制造了各种产品，包括书架、砧板、杯垫、桌子和定制装饰品，赋予了筷子第二次生命，为环保事业做出了巨大贡献。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Nowadays, around a third of the global population uses chopsticks daily. This is both a fact of life and these implements are often single-use, a serious environmental problem. (如今，全球约三分之一的人口每天使用筷子。这是生活的事实，而且这些工具通常是一次性的，是一个严重的环境问题。)”可知，全球那么多人使用一次性的筷子，会造成了严重的环境问题。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Rather than try to eliminate them, the engineer has been building a circular economy by giving them a second life. (工程师不是试图消除它们，而是通过赋予它们第二次生命来构建循环经济。)”可知，Böck赋予使用过的一次性筷子以新的生命，筷子被回收再利用。故选B项。
3. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Every year, around 80 billion pairs find their way to landfills. (每年，大约有800亿双筷子进入垃圾填埋场。)”可知，一次性的筷子在用过后都被丢弃了，第三段第一句“Since 2016, Böck has been on a mission to rethink disposable chopsticks. (自2016年以来，Böck一直在重新考虑一次性筷子的问题。)”可知，该公司在考虑这些被丢弃的一次性筷子的处理方法；第二句“Rather than try to eliminate them, the engineer has been building a circular economy by giving them a second life. (工程师不是试图eliminate它们，而是通过赋予它们第二次生命来构建循环经济。)”可知，这些筷子又被作他用，根据句中的rather than，可知giving them a second life应与划线词eliminate相对，结合句意，eliminate意为“使消失、剔除”。A. knock out淘汰，出局；B. kill off消灭，把……一个接一个地杀死；C. throw out扔掉；D. remove completely完全移除。eliminate与remove completely同义。故选D项。
4. 文章来源题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“This is both a fact of life and these implements are often single-use, a serious environmental problem. (这是生活的事实，而且这些工具通常是一次性的，是一个严重的环境问题。)”，以及最后第二段“Chopsticks are far from the only disposable dining implement to come under scrutiny in recent years. From plastic straws to polystyrene takeout containers, many components of our food cycle sacrifice environmental impact for convenience. (近年来，筷子远不是唯一受到审查的一次性用餐工具。从塑料吸管到聚苯乙烯外卖容器，我们食物循环的许多组成部分为了方便而牺牲了对环境的影响。)”以及本文主要说明Chop Value公司创始人Felix Böck和他的员工从温哥华的许多餐馆回收用过的一次性筷子，用这些筷子制造了各种产品，包括书架、砧板、杯垫、桌子和定制装饰品，赋予了筷子第二次生命，为环保事业做出了巨大贡献可知，本文主题为“一次性筷子的环保处理”，是一篇关于环保话题的文章，故本文最可能来自环保类杂志。故选C项。

【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。主要就在客户服务行业，人工智能是否会取代人类这一问题进行了讨论。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, that’s not to be confused with completely replacing human interaction when it comes to customer service. So what does that mean? Does it mean the world of CS will soon be overrun by robots?(然而，当涉及到客户服务时，不要将其与完全取代人机交互相混淆。那是什么意思？这是否意味着CS的世界将很快被机器人占领？)”可知，本段通过提出问题，引入本文讨论的话题，所以第一段的作用是导入。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“New AI tools are rapidly emerging in the support space that can address high-urgency situations quickly, but when it comes to high-emotion situations, no AI can deal with them successfully.(新的人工智能工具正迅速出现，支持快速解决高度紧急的情况，但当涉及到高度情绪化的情况时，人工智能就无法成功地处理)”以及“Instances like this, regardless of how small or large the case is, can create high-stress moments for the customer. Only a person can comprehend the difference.(像这样的情况，无论案件大小，都可能给客户带来高压力时刻。只有人才能理解其中的区别)”可知，与人工智能相比较，人类所具备的优势是当涉及高情绪情况时，只有人类才能很好地理解顾客的情感。故选B项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“High-stress moments are the ones that stick with customers forever, so it’s important to have a plan in place.(高压力时刻是客户永远无法摆脱的时刻，因此制定一个计划很重要)”可知，公司为高压力时刻制定计划很重要，是因为高压力时刻对于客户而言是难以磨灭的。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The question from here won’t be how far we can push AI, but how we can use our imagination to continue reinventing the problem-solving process.(现在的问题不是我们能把人工智能推进多远，而是我们如何利用想象力继续改良解决问题的过程)”可知，现在的问题是我们如何利用想象力继续改良解决问题的过程，所以作者建议我们需注重解决问题。故选C项。

七选五
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. G 19. A 20. E
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物冬眠的概念以及具体的原因。
1. 根据上一句“During winter, when it is cold and freezing outside, all we want to do is stay wrapped up in our blankets and remain in bed.(在冬天，当外面很冷的时候，我们想做的就是裹着毯子躺在床上。)”可知，下一句是对上一句补充，说明冬季特别冷的时候人类可以做的事。B项“A cup of noodles or hot chocolate also helps.(一杯面条或热巧克力也有帮助。)”符合语境。故选B。
2. 根据此段下文关键句“Hibernation involves a significant slowdown of the metabolism (新陈代谢) and a drop in body temperature.(冬眠意味着新陈代谢的显著减缓和体温的下降。)”可知，此段主要在讲什么是冬眠及其好处。D项“Hibernation is an energy-saving adaptation to protect against unpleasant conditions.(冬眠是一种节约能源的适应方式，以抵御不愉快的环境。)”在介绍冬眠的概念，符合语境。故选D。
3. 根据上句“Ectotherms are those animals whose body temperatures depend on the surrounding temperature.(变温动物是指体温取决于环境温度的动物。)”和下句“Usually, they have a body temperature that changes with the temperature of their environment. (通常，它们的体温会随着环境温度的变化而变化。)”可知，变温动物的体温随着环境温度的变化而变化。G项“This means that they depend on their external environment to regulate their body temperature.(这意味着它们依靠外部环境来调节体温。)”承上启下，同时G项中的“body temperature”与上下句中的“body temperatures”呼应。故选G。
4. 根据上文“Usually, they have a body temperature that changes with the temperature of their environment. They depend on things like sunlight or the surface of heated rocks to warm up. (通常，它们的体温会随着环境温度的变化而变化。它们依靠阳光或加热的岩石表面来升温。)”可知，变温动物的体温随着环境温度的变化而变化，上文讲变温动物如何升温，可得出讲下文会介绍变温动物如何降温。A项“Conversely, they seek shade to cool down.(相反，它们寻找阴凉的地方降温。)”与上一句构成转折关系。故选A。
5. 此处位于句末以及文章最后一句，起总结作用，E项“Thus, many animals hibernate to save energy and survive these bad winter conditions.(因此，许多动物冬眠是为了节省能量并在恶劣的冬季条件下生存。)”对全文进行总结。故选E。

完形填空
【答案】21-40 DBCAC BADAD CBADC ABCDB
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章讲述了一位父亲为了让坐轮椅的儿子在路边等待校车时有更好的遮风避雨的地方，而去寻求帮助的故事。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他开始上幼儿园的时候，他不得不每天坐在轮椅上被父母推到路的尽头等校车。A. pulled拉；B. walked走路；C. driven开车；D. pushed推。根据前一句“has never been able to walk”可知他无法走路，只能坐轮椅被父母推着。故选D。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他开始上幼儿园的时候，他不得不每天坐在轮椅上被父母推到路的尽头等校车。A. car小汽车；B. wheelchair轮椅；C. bus公交车；D. plane飞机。根据前一句“has never been able to walk”可知他无法走路，只能坐轮椅。故选B。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果Ryder像他的同学一样迟到，他就无法赶上这辆公共汽车，所以无论天气如何，他都要在外面提前等上15分钟。A. dance跳舞；B. skip跳过，悄悄溜走；C. rush跑，冲；D. slip滑倒。由下文“if he was running late like his schoolmates”和上文提到的他不能走路可知，如果他迟到了，他就无法像其他同学那样奔跑追赶校车。故选C。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果Ryder像他的同学一样迟到，他就无法赶上这辆公共汽车，所以无论天气如何，他都要提前在外面等上15分钟。A. wait等待；B. stand站；C. run跑步；D. search搜寻。由下文“for up to 15 minutes out”和上文提到的他不能走路可知，因为Ryder无法走路，所以他必须提前到路边等待校车。故选A。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论天气如何，他都要提前在外面等上15分钟。A. circumstance环境；B. situation情况；C. weather天气；D. condition条件。根据后一句中的“harsh weather”可知无论天气如何，他都要在路边等待。故选C。
6. 考查动词词组辨析。句意：尽管他的父亲在他的车道尽头撑起了一把露台雨伞。A. search for寻找；B. put up搭建，支起（帐篷等）；C. take over接管；D. find out找出。由下文“a patio(露台) umbrella at the end of his driveway to provide some ________ from harsh weather,”可知，Ryder的父亲为他支起太阳伞。故选B。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管他的父亲在他的车道尽头撑起了一把露台雨伞，以便在恶劣的天气中给他提供一些遮挡。A. shelter避难所；遮蔽；B. help帮助；C. benefit好处；D. delight高兴。根据下文“from harsh weather”和上文提到的无论天气如何，他都要在路边等待，可知他父亲支起太阳伞是为了给他遮挡风雨。故选A。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是他仍然会被雨淋湿，无法保暖。A. cool凉爽的；B. hot热的；C. cold冷的；D. warm温暖的。根据上文“he still would get wet”可知，他被雨淋湿，无法保暖。故选D。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他父亲决定联系他们的社区看看他们有什么东西能保护Ryder。A. decided决定；B. happened发生；C. discovered发现；D. argued争辩。由上文“he still would get wet”和下文“to reach out to their community to see if anyone had anything that would work to _______ Ryder.”可知，虽然有伞，但Ryder还是会被淋湿，所以父亲决定寻求其他更好的方式。故选A。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他父亲决定联系他们的社区看看他们有什么东西能保护Ryder。A. export出口；B. enjoy喜欢；C. prevent预防；D. protect保护。根据上文“reach out to their community to see if anyone had anything that would work to”可知父亲寻求其他更好的方式去保护Ryder，即决定联系他们的社区看看他们有什么东西能保护Ryder。故选D。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他在脸书上发了个帖子想看看他的朋友们是否有一个旧公交车棚屋。A. umbrella雨伞；B. home家；C. hut小屋；D. corner角落。根据下文“as they built the hut”和“The hut made of wood”，可知他在找旧的公共汽车棚屋。故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那之后，人们建议他去找西部高中的建筑班找公共汽车棚。A. art艺术；B. construction建筑；C. music音乐；D. design设计。根据下文“teaching construction technology at Westerly High School”可知此处表示“建筑班”。故选B。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他给在西部高中教建筑技术的Dan Mckena发了一封邮件，问他是否对这种项目感兴趣。A. interested有趣的；B. satisfied满意的；C. happy高兴的；D. depressed沮丧的。由下文“in this kind of project”可知，这里表示Ryder的爸爸询问Dan Mckena是否对此项目有兴趣。故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Dan很高兴地回答说“绝对”，然后他和他的学生们一起努力了数周。A. predicted预测；B. interrupted打扰；C. delayed推迟；D. responded回应。根据下文“ with an “absolutely””可知，此处指Dan回复邮件，同意帮Ryder建公共汽车棚。故选D。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他和他的学生们一起努力了数周。A. pleasing使人愉悦的；B. short短的；C. numerous很多的；D. dangerous危险的。根据“learning new skills through YouTube”，可知他们需要大量的时间，numerous week“数周”，指很长时间。故选C。
16. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，在听说他的问题后，Home Depot为这个项目捐赠了价值约300美元的木材。A. donated捐赠；B. appointed任命；C. sold卖；D. earned赚。根据上文“hearing about his problem”可知Home Depot捐赠了木料。故选A。
17. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：木头搭成的小屋足够大，可以让Ryder和他的父母或者护士舒舒服服地遮风避雨。A. small小的；B. big大的；C. heavy重的；D. light轻的。根据“shelter both Ryder and one of his parents or a nurse comfortably”可知这个棚屋比较大。故选B。
18. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：六个星期后，小屋终于被送到了他们家。A. fixed修理；B. dragged拖，拉；C. delivered递送；D. thrown扔。由下文“to the home”可知，棚屋最后被送到Ryder家中。故选C。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，Ryder每天上学前都会使用这个小屋，并且他父母每天都在小屋里面等他回家。A. drives开车；B. opens打开；C. plays玩；D. uses使用。由下文“it every day before school and his parents wait inside it every day while they await his return home.”可知，Ryder每天都使用这个棚屋。故选D。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很喜欢这个小屋，并且喜欢时不时地去那里闲逛。A. hates讨厌；B. loves喜欢；C. presses拥有；D. misses错过，想念。根据下文“does like to go hang out in it from time to time”可知Ryder很喜欢这个棚屋。故选B。

语法填空
【答案】
41. orbiting 42. have departed 43. who 44. as/when 45. in
46. touched 47. gradually 48. their 49. controllers 50. experimental
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对中国神舟十三号的三位宇航员从天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行的情况进行了介绍。
1. 考查动名词。句意：在绕地球飞行6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员已经从天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。介词after后用doing。故填orbiting。
2. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据语意可知，depart这个动作强调已经发生的动作对现在的影响，需用现在完成时，主语members是复数，主谓保持一致。故填have departed。
3. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当天上午10点03分，地面回收人员打开返回舱舱门，翟志刚，作为此次任务的指挥官和王亚平、叶光富三人在为期半年的太空之旅后，第一次呼吸到了新鲜的空气。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词指人，需用who。故填who。
4. 考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句，需用连词as或when引导时间状语从句。故填as或when。
5. 考查介词。句意：现场的医疗服务人员告诉中国中央电视台，宇航员身体状况良好。in good condition意为“身体状况良好”，为固定短语搭配。故填in。
6. 考查时态。句意：返回舱于上午9:57在戈壁沙漠的东风着陆点着陆。报道已经发生的事情，此处需用一般过去时。故填touched。
7. 考查副词。句意：它绕地球几圈，逐渐接近地球母亲。修饰动词approach，需用副词。故填gradually。
8. 考查代词。句意：在天宫空间站内停留的最后几个小时里，宇航员与地面控制人员一起配置空间站，将一些实验数据传回地球，并整理材料。此处stay是名词，需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填their。
9. 考查名词。句意：在天宫空间站内停留的最后几个小时里，宇航员与地面控制人员一起配置空间站，将一些实验数据传回地球，并整理材料。此处指宇航员与地面操作人员一起设置空间站，根据句意可知是指人，controller是可数名词，此处需用复数形式。故填controllers。
10. 考查形容词。句意：在天宫空间站内停留的最后几个小时里，宇航员与地面控制人员一起配置空间站，将一些实验数据传回地球，并整理材料。此处修饰名词data，需用形容词。故填experimental。

短文改错
【答案】
1.Between→ During 2. pleasant→ unpleasant 3. morning前面加the 4.carry→ carried
5. 删除but 6. looked → looking 7. vegetable→ vegetables 8. identifying → identify
9. he→ they 10. peaceful→ peace
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢农村的市场，并讲述了作者去农村市场的一次经历。
1. 考查介词。句意：假期之间，我去看望了住在村里的姑姑。between表示“两者之间”，during后面接时间，表“在……期间”，这里表示“在假期”。同时该单词置于句首，首字母要大写。故将Between改为During。
2. 考查形容词。句意：不愉快的是，按照我的标准，早上6点起床有点早，但我做到了。根据a little early by my standards可知，这是让人“不愉快的”一部分。故将pleasant改为unpleasant。
3. 考查冠词。句意：同上。in the morning意为“在早上”。故在morning前加the。
4. 考查动词时态。句意：我提着姑姑的篮子走进繁忙的市场。根据本文整体的时态及本句中as we walked into the busy market可判断要用一般过去时。故将carry改为carried。
5. 考查连词。句意：虽然是这么早，但它是繁忙的。句中的though引导的是让步状语从句，不与but连用。故将but删除。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：姑姑在货摊上转来转去，看了看那些商品。此处动词没有连词连接，故应用非谓语动词形式，动词look与其逻辑主语My aunt为主动关系，要用现在分词作状语。故将looked改为looking。
7. 考查名词单复数。句意：市场上有很多有趣的蔬菜，我都认不出来。由a lot of可确定此处应用名词复数形式。故将vegetable改为vegetables。
8. 考查固定搭配。be able to do sth.表示“能够做……”。故将identifying改为identify。
9. 考查代词。句意：我确信他们会喜欢的。此处表示“我”的爸爸妈妈，指“他们”，故将he改为they。
10. 考查名词。句意：在户外散步给了我一种平静和归属感。a sense of＋名词表示“……感”，此处应该是用名词与后文的belonging构成并列结构。故将peaceful改为peace。

书面表达
【答案】
The Ministry of Education recently released a new curriculum standard for labor education in compulsory education. The standard has three types of tasks: everyday chores, productive labor and service.
Last week witnessed a class meeting held in our school, where we students had a heated discussion about why labor education should be set up and how we could apply our knowledge to practice.
Everyone agrees that labour education is of great significance. Through a large variety of labour activities, not only can we learn basic survival skills, become independent and grateful, but also we can cultivate a sense of community and boost a closer relationship with others, thus having a better understanding of the outside world and even ourselves.
We’re determined to practice what we learn. At home we will do our bit to help parents with some household chores, like washing the dishes, doing some cleaning, watering plants, etc. At school, we will carefully complete each duty for the day. At our leisure, we will actively get involved in voluntary work organized by school or community.
In brief, we all believe this move is both down-to-earth and groundbreaking.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于话题作文，要求考生给校英语报投稿。上周你校举行班会，同学们积极讨论了开设劳动课的意义，表达了如何将课堂知识落实到生活，请就此事进行报道。
1. 词汇积累
非常有意义：of great significance→very significant
各种各样的：a large variety of→all different kinds of
下定决心去做：be determined to do→make up one’s mind to do
完成：complete→accomplish
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：At school, we will carefully complete each duty for the day.
拓展句：At school, we will carefully complete each duty for the day, which will leave us more time to do other meaningful things.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Last week witnessed a class meeting held in our school, where we students had a heated discussion about why labor education should be set up and how we could apply our knowledge to practice. (运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句和why引导的宾语从句，以及how引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Through a large variety of labour activities, not only can we learn basic survival skills, become independent and grateful, but also we can cultivate a sense of community and boost a closer relationship with others, thus having a better understanding of the outside world and even ourselves. (not only…but also连接句子时，not only位于句首，该部分用部分倒装；现在分词结构作状语)