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(新高考)高考英语二轮复习专练28 应用文的用语锤炼之道(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)
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备战2021届题型专练（新高考）28
应用文的用语锤炼之道
【策略1：关注结构之美】
学会判断句子成分是英语写作的基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。
1. 主谓(SV):主语+谓语
主语:一般由名词(如boy)、主格代词(如I)、动词不定式或动词-ing形式等构成。主语一般放在句首。
谓语:由动词构成, 决定英语时态、语态变化, 一般在主语后。不及物动词(vi. )不能直接加宾语。
[经典示例]
①I can communicate well. 我能很好地交流。
②The farm house came into sight.
农场的房舍进入视野。
[佳句赏析]
①最重要的时刻终于到来了。
The most important moment finally arrived.
②然而, 在2018年这种上涨的趋势慢了下来。
However, that increase slowed down in 2018.
2. 主(系)表(SP):主语+系动词+表语
该句式中的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。
连系动词有:
(1)表示特征和存在状态:be, seem, appear;
(2)表示感官:feel, look, smell, taste, sound;
(3)表示状态延续:remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
(4)表示状态变化:become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow。
[经典示例]
①I feel honored. 我感到很荣幸。
②We should be considerate. 我们应该考虑周到。
[佳句赏析]
①我叫李华, 晨光中学学生会主席。
I am Li Hua, president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School.
②在不久的将来, 我们的学校将变成更让人喜爱的地方。
Our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future.
3. 主谓宾(SVO):主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
该句式中的谓语动词具有实义, 是主语产生的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。常用于这类句型的动词有:like, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, promise, propose, refuse, want, wish等。
[经典示例]
①So I can easily get along with foreign students.
所以我能很轻松地与外国学生交往。
②You should do a lot of preparation exercise.
你应该做很多准备练习。
[佳句赏析]
①学生和老师们都度过了一段愉快的时光。
The students and teachers shared a great time.
②因此, 它的票房收入可能会稍微上升一点。
Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase.
4. 主谓宾宾(SVOO):主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
该句式中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者, 另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接, 当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时, 这一介词往往被省略。
[经典示例]
①His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner.
他的妻子蒂娜给我们做了一顿美味的晚餐。
②The competition offers adolescents a good chance to show their talents.
这场竞赛给青少年提供了一个很好的展示才华的机会。
[佳句赏析]
①我正写信告诉你我最近的生活和学习情况。
I’m writing to tell you something about my life and study in recent days.
②这张画向我们展示了一个令人心动的时刻。
The picture shows us a touching moment.
5. 主谓宾补(SVOC):主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
该句式中的“宾语+宾语补足语”又叫做“复合宾语”, 其特点是宾语与其补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 宾语具有双重身份, 它既充当前面谓语的宾语, 又兼作其后宾语补足语的逻辑主语。充当宾语补足语的词语和结构有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。
[经典示例]
①Our teacher encouraged us to be persons enjoying work. 老师鼓励我们成为热爱劳动的人。
②Two days ago, Mom asked me to find relevant information on the Internet. 两天以前, 妈妈要求我在网上找一些相关信息。
[佳句赏析]
①另外, 网上投票使得快速反馈成为可能。
Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.
②孩子们觉得燃放鞭炮很有趣。
Children find setting off firecrackers interesting.
6. 主谓状(SVA):主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语(副词、名词、介词短语等)
该句式中的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
[经典示例]
①As is scheduled, the match will take place at 8:00 am on Saturday at our school playground.
正如计划的那样, 比赛将在本周六上午八点在学校操场举行。
②Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.
突然一只小兔子从我的马前跳了出来。
[佳句赏析]
①从2012年至2019年中国电影票房的收入在持续不断地上升。
The income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2019.
②这两个骑自行车的人在马路对面出现。
The two cyclists turned up across the road.
7. 主谓宾状(SVOA):主语+谓语+宾语+状语
[经典示例]
①You need to avoid making noises while chewing food. 咀嚼的时候你得避免发出噪音。
②Experts warn about two extremes when it comes to parents’ praise for their children.
当说到家长们表扬孩子的时候, 专家们警告说要注意两个极端。
[佳句赏析]
①我必须通过阅读关于文化方面的书籍来提高自己。
I have to improve myself by reading some books about culture.
②你能够写一些有关你们当地的美国文化的东西吗?
Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States?
8. 存现句:There be+主语+定语(介词短语等)
本句型又叫 There be 句型, 常用来表示“在某地(某时) 有某物(某人)”。 若 be 后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时, be动词应采取“邻近原则”, 即 be 应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。在此句型中, 谓语动词有时不用 be, 而用其他动词, 使语言表达更生动形象, 如 live, stand, lie 等。
[经典示例]
①There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers.
毫无疑问这种排名会给消费者带来便利。
②There is no better theme than art, especially on the history of western painting that will interest students more. 没有比艺术更好的主题了, 特别是关于西方绘画历史的, 那更能引起学生们的兴趣。
[佳句赏析]
①不远处有一座桥, 沿着桥你就能找到那棵树并摘到更多水果。
Not far away there is a bridge that can lead you to the tree for more fruit.
②下一周我校将举行中国剪纸展。
Next week there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school.
[策略演练]
根据所给信息补全短文, 注意句式结构的使用。(来源：2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
Dear Leslie,
How are you? Glad to see you have made some progress in Chinese learning and （1） (我正给你写信, 告诉你一些我们下节课的事).
The lesson will be given from 3 pm to 5 pm on the afternoon of next Tuesday in the classroom 502. In the class, （2） (你将主要学习唐诗), which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese. You can feel the beauty of Chinese by learning Tang Poetry. （3） (你最好课前做好充足的准备) and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, （4） (它会让你非常轻松地上完这节课).
（5） (如果有什么我能帮你的), please don’t hesitate to tell me. Looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua.
答案：
（1） I’m writing to tell you something about our next lesson
（2）you will mainly learn Tang poetry
（3）You’d better make full preparations before class
（4）which makes it easy for you to go through the class
（5）If there is anything that I can help you
【策略2：关注用语之美】
1.思维路径1：替换常用简单词
(1)动词升级
简单词汇
高级词汇
say, believe,
think
figure, hold the view that, assume that, I am convinced that
improve
promote, enhance, strengthen
never give up
stick to it, insist on doing, persist in, adhere to
should
be supposed to do, It is wise/sensible/ makes sense to do, nothing could be better than. . . , It’s worthwhile to do, deserve doing, find it rewarding and enjoyable to do. . .
like
have a passion for, be fond of, fall in love with, have an affection for
come
approach, around the corner, up-coming
make
enable, allow
thank
appreciate, be grateful to, convey my heartfelt
help
do sb. a favor, go/come to one’s aid, with the assistance of, give sb. a hand
use
gain access to, be accessible to
(2)形容词、副词、介词升级
简单词汇
高级词汇
more and
more popular
increasingly popular
big
enormous, tremendous
very
extremely, remarkably, overwhelmingly, pretty, perfectly
famous
accomplished, have a high reputation, distinguished
good
amazing, unbelievable, incredible
bad
disgusting, awful, terrible
important
significant, vital, essential, fundamental, crucial
all kinds of
a variety of, various, diverse
about
concerning, relevant, related
[经典示例]
①On the one hand, too much praise might lead to children’s lack of enthusiasm to explore new things, for they are afraid they won’t meet parents’ expectations.
②Considering the enormous benefits, which we can earn steadily from tennis practice, including preventing us from getting shortsighted and keeping physically healthy, we are lost in training course.
[佳句赏析]
①The special day allows people to show their love and affection for(对……表达爱和情感) their fathers.
②It’s advisable/wise(是明智的)for people to use their cell-phones more appropriately/properly(更恰当地).
③Without sufficient preparation(没有充分准备), you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly and obtain satisfactory marks, let alone be admitted into a desirable university(梦想的大学).
④Tracy said she had already informed Susan of(通知Susan) the change of the appointment.
⑤People generally thought it impossible for the Chinese team to win the championship in the Rio Olympic Games, but they overcame many hurdles(克服许多障碍) and eventually worked miracles/wonders(最终成功).
⑥Drama Night is scheduled to (预定)be held on the evening of next Friday in the theatre hall.
⑦Additionally(此外), having been awarded scholarship twice in our school, I have excellent academic performance(极好的学术成就).
⑧This phenomenon has become a concern/focus (成为焦点)we must face today because of many serious consequences (许多严重后果)caused by improper use of cell-phones.
2. 思维路径2：变化所用词的词性
在作文中, 可以通过改变一个词的词性, 使文章富有变化, 让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇各种用法的掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名词、形容词变名词等。
(1)名词变动词
People are concerned about the gradual disappearance of the traditional values.
→People are concerned because the traditional values are gradually disappearing.
传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡, 这让人们很担忧。
(2)动词变名词
After watching his performance, I found he could really dance very well.
→After watching his performance, I found him a really good dancer.
看了他的表演之后, 我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。
(3)形容词变名词
I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his being so kind.
→I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his kindness. 我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。
3. 思维路径3：短语富有变化
汉语
英语高级短语
努力
struggle for=strive for=spare no efforts for
从事
embark on=set about=go in for
在当代
in contemporary society=in present-day society=in this day and age
大量的
a host of=a great number of=a large amount of
更糟糕的是
what’s worse=worse still=to make matters worse
遇见;偶遇
meet=run into=come across=meet with=encounter
依我看
in my opinion=as far as I’m concerned=from my point of view
除了……之外(还有)
besides=in addition to=apart from=as well as=along with
一方面, 另一方面
on one hand, on the other hand=for one thing, for another thing
高度评价
think highly of=sing high praise for=think well of
把……考虑在内
take. . . into consideration=take. . . into account
有资格的;有能力的;胜任的
be fit for=be equal to=be qualified for=be competent in
参加
take part in/participate in
一些如何……的建议
some advice/tips/suggestions on how to. . .
对……感到紧张
feel nervous/anxious about
克服紧张, 缓解焦虑
erase/overcome/get over
nervousness/relieve anxiety
树立信心, 对自己有信心
build up confidence/have confidence in yourself/be confident about yourself
对……有益的
benefit=be of great benefit=be beneficial to
对……有害的;对……有损害的
harm=do harm to/do damage to=be harmful to
接触到;有机会使用
access=gain/have access to=be accessible to
对……(不)方便的
be convenient/inconvenient for sb. to do=bring convenience/inconvenience to sb.
对……有影响/作用
have an effect/influence/impact on. . . /make a difference to sb.
[经典示例]
①For example, paper-cutting and Chinese knots are all feasible methods of introducing our culture, which are also more convenient to organize.
②The reasons why I am qualified for the job are as follows.
[佳句赏析]
①From my point of view(我认为), it’s true that cell-phones bring us lots of benefits and convenience, but only when they’re used more appropriately(恰当地) can they serve us better.
②All my teachers and classmates sing high praise for my proficiency(高度赞扬我的熟练) in both Chinese and English.
③Taking all your requirements into account/consideration(考虑到你的全部要求), I firmly believe I’m the right person you’re looking for.
④As for accommodation, I prefer to live with a local family because I want to improve my English and experience authentic American culture close up(近距离体验真实的美国文化).
⑤You are optimistic about life and always have confidence, whatever difficulty you may encounter(遇见), which helps you stand out among the classmates.
⑥With the improvement of people’s living standards(随着人们生活水平的改善), cell-phones are flooding into our life.
⑦We are sorry for any inconvenience that we’ll bring to you(给您带来的不便). Thanks for your understanding.
⑧Nowadays, the smart phones have found their way to every family and are playing a very important role in our life. They are beneficial to us in many ways. However, they also do harm to us mentally and physically(有害于我们的身心健康).
⑨In addition, seldom do I have time to keep my parents company, so I decide to help my parents with some housework to release/ease/lessen/reduce their pressure(缓解压力), which I think is of benefit to enhance the relationship(加强关系) between my family members.
4.思维路径4： 变主动语态为被动语态
考生在写作中习惯使用主动语态, 其实, 如果不知道动作的执行者、 没必要强调执行者或者想要表达更加客观一些的话, 被动语态就是一个很好的选择。例如:
(1)My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
(爸爸在我过生日的时候给了我一本新书。)
→I was given a new book(by my father)on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)
→A new book was given to me(by my father)on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)
(2)And some world-famous players will be invited to give lessons.
并且会邀请一些世界著名的球员来上课。
(3)Besides, you are expected to bring some nice small gifts. 除此之外, (大家)会期望你带一些小的美好的礼物。
[思维演练]
根据所给信息补全短文, 并注意高级词汇的使用。(来源：2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Dear Peter,
（1） (我非常高兴) to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may （2） (给你一个粗略的理解).
To begin with,（3） (一座美丽的新体育馆已落成), which（4） (已成为新的地标) in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up,（5） (各种体育项目) are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football（6） (以及) running competitions（7） (越来越受欢迎). As for me, （8） (热爱篮球) since it has been giving me strength（9） (去迎接生活中的挑战).
All in all, I （10） (诚挚邀请) you to come to our school and see for yourself.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：
（1）I am exceedingly delighted
（2）give you a rough sketch
（3）a fabulous new stadium has been built up
（4）has become the new landmark
（5）a wide range of sports events
（6）as well as
（7）enjoy great popularity
（8）I’m intoxicated with basketball
（9）to confront the challenges in my life
（10）sincerely invite
【真题再现】【2020·全国卷III】
假定你李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss Evans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括:
1. 剧情简介；
2. 指导内容；
3. 商定时间地点。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 结束语已为你写好。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Miss Evans,
How is everything going! I am writing in sincerity to ask you a favor regarding a play we adapted according to the textbook.
We’d like to combine your culture with ours by adapting the classic novel The Steamboat for a short English play. The play is set on a big storm after midnight, on the raft down the river navigation, we see a steamboat that is going to sink. We saved a scared boy. However, the adaption is quite a challenge. Having written the English script, we don’t want anything inappropriate to spoil the play. So would you please spare some time to review the draft script attached to this email and make necessary changes? If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details?
Given your busy schedule, I’d be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice. Look forward to your early reply. Best regards!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，请求外教 Miss Evans对于《the Steamboat》改编短剧的支持。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时。
结构：总分总法
第一段说明写这封邮件的目的；第二段详细说明英语戏剧的剧情介绍和指导内容细节问题；第三段表达感谢，并期待早日得到回复。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
write to；according to ；combine ； adaption ；challenge；attached to ；convenient
第三步：连词成句
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details? 这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
【题型演练】
1
为丰富校园生活，你校将组织迎新年篮球赛，地点设在校体育馆。假定你是学生会主席，面向本校留学生写一则通知，告知相关事宜。
内容包括：
1.比赛时间和地点；
2.报名时间和方式；
3.活动意义。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Notice
To enrich international students' life on campus, we will organize an international basketball match to welcome the New Year in our school.
As scheduled, the match will start in the school gymnasium at 3: 00 p. m. on May 14th. Through the activity, the students will gain a lot. Not only can you build up your bodies, but also you can strengthen team spirit and enhance friendship between students.
If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before May 2d at our school website. Welcome your active participation!
The Students’ union
April 19th
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给向本校留学生写一则通知，希望留学生报名参加你校组织的迎新年篮球赛。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般将来时,少量用一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.比赛时间和地点；
2.报名时间和方式；
3.活动意义。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
on campus; as scheduled; not only … but also …; be part of; sign up for it
第三步：连词成句
1. To enrich international students' life on campus, we will organize an international match to welcome the New Year in our school.
2. As scheduled, the match will start in the school gymnasium at 3: 00 p. m. on May 14th.
3. Not only can you build up your bodies, but also you can strengthen team spirit and enhance friendship between students.
4. If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before May 2d at our school website.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+ clause(从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] To enrich international students' life on campus, we will organize an international match to welcome the New Year in our school.(运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] Not only can you build up your bodies, but also you can strengthen team spirit and enhance friendship between students.(运用了部分倒装结构)
[高分句型3] If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before May 2d at our school website.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
2
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom给你发来邮件，说他最近几次考试成绩不太理想，他现在很难过。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1.理解他的处境；
2.给他提一些建议。
注意：1.字数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
Knowing that you are sad recently due to your poor scores, I feel sorry for you but I can understand your situation. As your friend, I have something to tell you.
Don’t worry about your study too much. As long as you keep on working hard, you will make progress step by step. Besides, facing difficulties, you are not alone. Those who love you will always stand by you. Last but not the least, it doesn’t matter how others think of you. What matters is that you should be confident. Therefore, follow your own course no matter what others say.
I hope you can walk out quickly and be happy again!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Tom写一封邮件，针对他最近几次考试成绩不太理想的问题表示理解并给出建议。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 表示理解他的处境；
2. 给他提一些建议。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
due to; worry about; keep on doing sth.; make progress; stand by sb.; think of; walk out
第三步：连词成句
1. Knowing that you are sad recently due to your poor scores, I feel sorry for you but I can understand your situation.
2. As long as you keep on working hard, you will make progress step by step.
3. Those who love you will always stand by you.
4. What matters is that you should be confident.
5. Therefore, follow your own course no matter what others say.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：last but not the least
2.表并列补充关系：besides; and
3.表转折对比关系：but
4.表因果关系：therefore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1]. As long as you keep on working hard, you will make progress step by step. （由as long as引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]. Those who love you will always stand by you. （由关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句）
3
假定你是高中学生李华，代表自己班级，邀请Dr. Frost 给班级同学做一场关于“如何保持身心健康”的在线讲座。请你写一封信，发出邀请。
要点：1. 时间，地点；
2. 主题，可简述原因；
3. 期望与感谢。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Frost,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Forest,
I’m writing, on behalf of my class, to earnestly invite you to deliver an online lecture concerning students’ health issues between 4 p. m. and 5 p. m. next Friday.
We would be more than grateful if you could lecture on relevant approaches to improving our physical and psychological health, especially as many of us are exhausted and depressed due to continuous efforts in study as well as suffering from inadequate sleep and exercise, eating disorder, and feeling stressed out before exams.
It’ll be our great privilege to benefit from your expertise in health care. Looking forward to your positive reply.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邀请信，邀请Dr. Frost 给班级同学做一场关于“如何保持身心健康”的在线讲座。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.时间，地点；
2.主题，可简述原因；
3. 期望与感谢。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
on behalf of；deliver an online lecture；physical and psychological health；due to；as well as ；suffer from；stressed out ； benefit from；look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1.I’m writing, on behalf of my class, to earnestly invite you to deliver an online lecture concerning students’ health issues between 4 p. m. and 5 p. m. next Friday.
2.We would be more than grateful if you could lecture on relevant approaches to improving our physical and psychological health, especially as many of us are exhausted and depressed due to continuous efforts in study as well as suffering from inadequate sleep and exercise, eating disorder, and feeling stressed out before exams.
3.It’ll be our great privilege to benefit from your expertise in health care.
4.Looking forward to your positive reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including（供参考）
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…（供参考）
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result （供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] I’m writing, on behalf of my class, to earnestly invite you to deliver an online lecture concerning students’ health issues between 4 p. m. and 5 p. m. next Friday.(动词不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] It’ll be our great privilege to benefit from your expertise in health care. (it作形式主语，真正的主语的动词不定式)
4
假定你是李华，你校将举办英语文化节，要求每个班级出一个节目。你的同学王明善于演唱英文歌曲，但是因为月考临近，他不愿参加此项活动。请你给他写一封建议信，内容包括：
1.理解他的想法；
2.建议协调好学习和活动的关系；
3.陈述参加集体活动的好处。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Wang Ming,
Sorry to learn that you choose not to attend the coming English Culture Festival. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your prompt reply and expecting your attendance.
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Wang Ming,
Sorry to learn that you choose not to attend the coming English Culture Festival. Since the monthly examination is near, I totally understand the reason why you rejected to take part in this activity. But in my opinion, this is a great chance for you to show yourself. My advice is that you’d better properly handle the relationship between study and activity. What’s more, getting involved in group activities not only makes it easier for you to get on with others, but also can build up your confidence.
Looking forward to your prompt reply and expecting your attendance.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给同学王明写封建议信，建议他参加班级活动并说明理由。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.理解他的想法；
2.建议协调好学习和活动的关系；
3.陈述参加集体活动的好处。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
monthly examination; understand; reject; take part in; in my opinion; relationship; get involved in; not only…but also…; get on with; build up; look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. Since the monthly examination is near, I totally understand the reason why you rejected to take part in this activity.
2. But in my opinion, this is a great chance for you to show yourself.
3. My advice is that you’d better properly handle the relationship between study and activity.
4. What’s more, getting involved in group activities not only makes it easier for you to get on with others, but also can build up your confidence.
5. Looking forward to your prompt reply and expecting your attendance.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：What is more, not only…but also…
2.表转折对比关系：but
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] Since the monthly examination is near, I totally understand the reason why you rejected to take part in this activity. (运用了since引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] My advice is that you’d better properly handle the relationship between study and activity. (运用了that引导表语从句)
5
假定你是李华，你的留学生同学Elvis想要了解中国的传统节日。请你写封邮件向他 介绍一下元宵节(the Lantern Festival)。内容包括：
1.节日简介；
2.风俗习惯；
3.邀请他一起过节。
注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Elvis,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Elvis,
Knowing that you are interested in the Lantern Festival, now I am writing to introduce it to you.
As one of the most important traditional festivals in China, the Lantern Festival, which is also a continuation of the Spring Festival celebration, falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. On that day, we often eat glue puddings. Besides, people would go outside to enjoy the lanterns and guess the riddles. Perhaps you can see Dragon Dance and some wonderful folk performances, which are very interesting and exciting.
I’d like to invite you to join us for the Lantern Festival. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给留学生Elvis写封邮件中国的传统节日-元宵节。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
要求：
1. 节日简介；
2.元宵节风俗习惯；
3.邀请Elvis共度元宵节。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be interested in;introduce...to...;one of;a continuation of;enjoy the lanterns;folk performances;invite ... to...;look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1.Knowing that you are interested in the Lantern Festival, now I am writing to introduce it to you.
2. As one of the most important traditional festivals in China, the Lantern Festival, which is also a continuation of the Spring Festival celebration, falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
3. Now many of us have been studying with the help of online courses.
4.people would go outside to enjoy the lanterns and guess the riddles.
5. Perhaps you can see Dragon Dance and some wonderful folk performances, which are very interesting and exciting.
6.I’d like to invite you to join us for the Lantern Festival.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：Besides
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] Knowing that you are interested in the Lantern Festival, now I am writing to introduce it to you.(现在分词做伴随状语)
[高分句型2]The Lantern Festival, which is also a continuation of the Spring Festival celebration, falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. /Perhaps you can see Dragon Dance and some wonderful folk performances, which are very interesting and exciting.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
6
假如你是丁真，你看到美国留学生Lisa在网上发帖，希望有人帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1. 相关个人信息；
2. 具体提高建议。
注意：
1. 词数不少于100词，开头语已为你写好;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hi, Lisa,
This is Ding Zhen
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Ding Zheng
【参考范文】
Hi, Lisa,
This is Ding Zhen. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I feel honored to have the chance to help you with your Mandarin learning.
Please allow me to give you my brief reference. As a Chinese student, my biggest advantage is that I’ve been a broadcaster in school for years, which equips me with an outstanding language proficiency. When it comes to how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that you get yourself involved in Chinese learning activities, such as exploring Chinese culture, getting to know literature and history etc. Believe me , they are sure to arouse your interest and strengthen your confidence. Another suggestion is to practice listening and speaking. What about half an hour online video chat with me every afternoon? I’m right here ready to help. Do remember, learning any language is hard work, but you can make it!
I’d appreciate it if you could offer me the chance and I will try my best to help you make much progress. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Ding Zhen
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国留学生Lisa写封邮件，帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时,少量一般过去时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 相关个人信息；
2. 具体提高建议。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
learn from; feel honored to; have the chance to; equip sb with; when it comes to; arouse your interest and strengthen your confidence; be ready to help; try one’s best to; make much progress; look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.
2. I feel honored to have the chance to help you with your Mandarin learning.
3. As a Chinese student, my biggest advantage is that I’ve been a broadcaster in school for years, which equips me with an outstanding language proficiency.
4. When it comes to how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that you get yourself involved in Chinese learning activities, such as exploring Chinese culture, getting to know literature and history etc.
5. Believe me, they are sure to arouse your interest and strengthen your confidence.
6. I’m right here ready to help.
7. I’d appreciate it if you could offer me the chance and I will try my best to help you make much progress.
8. Looking forward to your early reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although +clause(从句), In spite of +n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1]As a Chinese student, my biggest advantage is that I’ve been a broadcaster in school for years, which equips me with an outstanding language proficiency.（关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句和that引导的表语从句）
[高分句型2]When it comes to how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that you get yourself involved in Chinese learning activities, such as exploring Chinese culture, getting to know literature and history etc.（that引导的宾语从句和虚拟语气）
[高分句型3]I’d appreciate it if you could offer me the chance and I will try my best to help you make much progress.（if引导的条件状语从句）
备战2021届题型专练（新高考）28
应用文的用语锤炼之道
【策略1：关注结构之美】
学会判断句子成分是英语写作的基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。
1. 主谓(SV):主语+谓语
主语:一般由名词(如boy)、主格代词(如I)、动词不定式或动词-ing形式等构成。主语一般放在句首。
谓语:由动词构成, 决定英语时态、语态变化, 一般在主语后。不及物动词(vi. )不能直接加宾语。
[经典示例]
①I can communicate well. 我能很好地交流。
②The farm house came into sight.
农场的房舍进入视野。
[佳句赏析]
①最重要的时刻终于到来了。
The most important moment finally arrived.
②然而, 在2018年这种上涨的趋势慢了下来。
However, that increase slowed down in 2018.
2. 主(系)表(SP):主语+系动词+表语
该句式中的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。
连系动词有:
(1)表示特征和存在状态:be, seem, appear;
(2)表示感官:feel, look, smell, taste, sound;
(3)表示状态延续:remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
(4)表示状态变化:become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow。
[经典示例]
①I feel honored. 我感到很荣幸。
②We should be considerate. 我们应该考虑周到。
[佳句赏析]
①我叫李华, 晨光中学学生会主席。
I am Li Hua, president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School.
②在不久的将来, 我们的学校将变成更让人喜爱的地方。
Our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future.
3. 主谓宾(SVO):主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
该句式中的谓语动词具有实义, 是主语产生的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。常用于这类句型的动词有:like, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, promise, propose, refuse, want, wish等。
[经典示例]
①So I can easily get along with foreign students.
所以我能很轻松地与外国学生交往。
②You should do a lot of preparation exercise.
你应该做很多准备练习。
[佳句赏析]
①学生和老师们都度过了一段愉快的时光。
The students and teachers shared a great time.
②因此, 它的票房收入可能会稍微上升一点。
Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase.
4. 主谓宾宾(SVOO):主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
该句式中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者, 另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接, 当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时, 这一介词往往被省略。
[经典示例]
①His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner.
他的妻子蒂娜给我们做了一顿美味的晚餐。
②The competition offers adolescents a good chance to show their talents.
这场竞赛给青少年提供了一个很好的展示才华的机会。
[佳句赏析]
①我正写信告诉你我最近的生活和学习情况。
I’m writing to tell you something about my life and study in recent days.
②这张画向我们展示了一个令人心动的时刻。
The picture shows us a touching moment.
5. 主谓宾补(SVOC):主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
该句式中的“宾语+宾语补足语”又叫做“复合宾语”, 其特点是宾语与其补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 宾语具有双重身份, 它既充当前面谓语的宾语, 又兼作其后宾语补足语的逻辑主语。充当宾语补足语的词语和结构有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。
[经典示例]
①Our teacher encouraged us to be persons enjoying work. 老师鼓励我们成为热爱劳动的人。
②Two days ago, Mom asked me to find relevant information on the Internet. 两天以前, 妈妈要求我在网上找一些相关信息。
[佳句赏析]
①另外, 网上投票使得快速反馈成为可能。
Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible.
②孩子们觉得燃放鞭炮很有趣。
Children find setting off firecrackers interesting.
6. 主谓状(SVA):主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语(副词、名词、介词短语等)
该句式中的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
[经典示例]
①As is scheduled, the match will take place at 8:00 am on Saturday at our school playground.
正如计划的那样, 比赛将在本周六上午八点在学校操场举行。
②Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.
突然一只小兔子从我的马前跳了出来。
[佳句赏析]
①从2012年至2019年中国电影票房的收入在持续不断地上升。
The income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2019.
②这两个骑自行车的人在马路对面出现。
The two cyclists turned up across the road.
7. 主谓宾状(SVOA):主语+谓语+宾语+状语
[经典示例]
①You need to avoid making noises while chewing food. 咀嚼的时候你得避免发出噪音。
②Experts warn about two extremes when it comes to parents’ praise for their children.
当说到家长们表扬孩子的时候, 专家们警告说要注意两个极端。
[佳句赏析]
①我必须通过阅读关于文化方面的书籍来提高自己。
I have to improve myself by reading some books about culture.
②你能够写一些有关你们当地的美国文化的东西吗?
Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States?
8. 存现句:There be+主语+定语(介词短语等)
本句型又叫 There be 句型, 常用来表示“在某地(某时) 有某物(某人)”。 若 be 后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时, be动词应采取“邻近原则”, 即 be 应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。在此句型中, 谓语动词有时不用 be, 而用其他动词, 使语言表达更生动形象, 如 live, stand, lie 等。
[经典示例]
①There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers.
毫无疑问这种排名会给消费者带来便利。
②There is no better theme than art, especially on the history of western painting that will interest students more. 没有比艺术更好的主题了, 特别是关于西方绘画历史的, 那更能引起学生们的兴趣。
[佳句赏析]
①不远处有一座桥, 沿着桥你就能找到那棵树并摘到更多水果。
Not far away there is a bridge that can lead you to the tree for more fruit.
②下一周我校将举行中国剪纸展。
Next week there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school.
[策略演练]
根据所给信息补全短文, 注意句式结构的使用。(来源：2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
Dear Leslie,
How are you? Glad to see you have made some progress in Chinese learning and （1） (我正给你写信, 告诉你一些我们下节课的事).
The lesson will be given from 3 pm to 5 pm on the afternoon of next Tuesday in the classroom 502. In the class, （2） (你将主要学习唐诗), which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese. You can feel the beauty of Chinese by learning Tang Poetry. （3） (你最好课前做好充足的准备) and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, （4） (它会让你非常轻松地上完这节课).
（5） (如果有什么我能帮你的), please don’t hesitate to tell me. Looking forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua.
答案：
（1） I’m writing to tell you something about our next lesson
（2）you will mainly learn Tang poetry
（3）You’d better make full preparations before class
（4）which makes it easy for you to go through the class
（5）If there is anything that I can help you
【策略2：关注用语之美】
1.思维路径1：替换常用简单词
(1)动词升级
简单词汇
高级词汇
say, believe,
think
figure, hold the view that, assume that, I am convinced that
improve
promote, enhance, strengthen
never give up
stick to it, insist on doing, persist in, adhere to
should
be supposed to do, It is wise/sensible/ makes sense to do, nothing could be better than. . . , It’s worthwhile to do, deserve doing, find it rewarding and enjoyable to do. . .
like
have a passion for, be fond of, fall in love with, have an affection for
come
approach, around the corner, up-coming
make
enable, allow
thank
appreciate, be grateful to, convey my heartfelt
help
do sb. a favor, go/come to one’s aid, with the assistance of, give sb. a hand
use
gain access to, be accessible to
(2)形容词、副词、介词升级
简单词汇
高级词汇
more and
more popular
increasingly popular
big
enormous, tremendous
very
extremely, remarkably, overwhelmingly, pretty, perfectly
famous
accomplished, have a high reputation, distinguished
good
amazing, unbelievable, incredible
bad
disgusting, awful, terrible
important
significant, vital, essential, fundamental, crucial
all kinds of
a variety of, various, diverse
about
concerning, relevant, related
[经典示例]
①On the one hand, too much praise might lead to children’s lack of enthusiasm to explore new things, for they are afraid they won’t meet parents’ expectations.
②Considering the enormous benefits, which we can earn steadily from tennis practice, including preventing us from getting shortsighted and keeping physically healthy, we are lost in training course.
[佳句赏析]
①The special day allows people to show their love and affection for(对……表达爱和情感) their fathers.
②It’s advisable/wise(是明智的)for people to use their cell-phones more appropriately/properly(更恰当地).
③Without sufficient preparation(没有充分准备), you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly and obtain satisfactory marks, let alone be admitted into a desirable university(梦想的大学).
④Tracy said she had already informed Susan of(通知Susan) the change of the appointment.
⑤People generally thought it impossible for the Chinese team to win the championship in the Rio Olympic Games, but they overcame many hurdles(克服许多障碍) and eventually worked miracles/wonders(最终成功).
⑥Drama Night is scheduled to (预定)be held on the evening of next Friday in the theatre hall.
⑦Additionally(此外), having been awarded scholarship twice in our school, I have excellent academic performance(极好的学术成就).
⑧This phenomenon has become a concern/focus (成为焦点)we must face today because of many serious consequences (许多严重后果)caused by improper use of cell-phones.
2. 思维路径2：变化所用词的词性
在作文中, 可以通过改变一个词的词性, 使文章富有变化, 让阅卷者感受到考生对词汇各种用法的掌握水平和灵活运用的程度。常见的变化词性的策略有名词变动词、动词变名词、形容词变名词等。
(1)名词变动词
People are concerned about the gradual disappearance of the traditional values.
→People are concerned because the traditional values are gradually disappearing.
传统价值观正在渐渐地消亡, 这让人们很担忧。
(2)动词变名词
After watching his performance, I found he could really dance very well.
→After watching his performance, I found him a really good dancer.
看了他的表演之后, 我发现他跳舞跳得很棒。
(3)形容词变名词
I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his being so kind.
→I wrote a letter to Tom to thank him for his kindness. 我写信给汤姆对他的善良表示感谢。
3. 思维路径3：短语富有变化
汉语
英语高级短语
努力
struggle for=strive for=spare no efforts for
从事
embark on=set about=go in for
在当代
in contemporary society=in present-day society=in this day and age
大量的
a host of=a great number of=a large amount of
更糟糕的是
what’s worse=worse still=to make matters worse
遇见;偶遇
meet=run into=come across=meet with=encounter
依我看
in my opinion=as far as I’m concerned=from my point of view
除了……之外(还有)
besides=in addition to=apart from=as well as=along with
一方面, 另一方面
on one hand, on the other hand=for one thing, for another thing
高度评价
think highly of=sing high praise for=think well of
把……考虑在内
take. . . into consideration=take. . . into account
有资格的;有能力的;胜任的
be fit for=be equal to=be qualified for=be competent in
参加
take part in/participate in
一些如何……的建议
some advice/tips/suggestions on how to. . .
对……感到紧张
feel nervous/anxious about
克服紧张, 缓解焦虑
erase/overcome/get over
nervousness/relieve anxiety
树立信心, 对自己有信心
build up confidence/have confidence in yourself/be confident about yourself
对……有益的
benefit=be of great benefit=be beneficial to
对……有害的;对……有损害的
harm=do harm to/do damage to=be harmful to
接触到;有机会使用
access=gain/have access to=be accessible to
对……(不)方便的
be convenient/inconvenient for sb. to do=bring convenience/inconvenience to sb.
对……有影响/作用
have an effect/influence/impact on. . . /make a difference to sb.
[经典示例]
①For example, paper-cutting and Chinese knots are all feasible methods of introducing our culture, which are also more convenient to organize.
②The reasons why I am qualified for the job are as follows.
[佳句赏析]
①From my point of view(我认为), it’s true that cell-phones bring us lots of benefits and convenience, but only when they’re used more appropriately(恰当地) can they serve us better.
②All my teachers and classmates sing high praise for my proficiency(高度赞扬我的熟练) in both Chinese and English.
③Taking all your requirements into account/consideration(考虑到你的全部要求), I firmly believe I’m the right person you’re looking for.
④As for accommodation, I prefer to live with a local family because I want to improve my English and experience authentic American culture close up(近距离体验真实的美国文化).
⑤You are optimistic about life and always have confidence, whatever difficulty you may encounter(遇见), which helps you stand out among the classmates.
⑥With the improvement of people’s living standards(随着人们生活水平的改善), cell-phones are flooding into our life.
⑦We are sorry for any inconvenience that we’ll bring to you(给您带来的不便). Thanks for your understanding.
⑧Nowadays, the smart phones have found their way to every family and are playing a very important role in our life. They are beneficial to us in many ways. However, they also do harm to us mentally and physically(有害于我们的身心健康).
⑨In addition, seldom do I have time to keep my parents company, so I decide to help my parents with some housework to release/ease/lessen/reduce their pressure(缓解压力), which I think is of benefit to enhance the relationship(加强关系) between my family members.
4.思维路径4： 变主动语态为被动语态
考生在写作中习惯使用主动语态, 其实, 如果不知道动作的执行者、 没必要强调执行者或者想要表达更加客观一些的话, 被动语态就是一个很好的选择。例如:
(1)My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
(爸爸在我过生日的时候给了我一本新书。)
→I was given a new book(by my father)on my birthday. (间接宾语作了主语)
→A new book was given to me(by my father)on my birthday. (直接宾语作了主语)
(2)And some world-famous players will be invited to give lessons.
并且会邀请一些世界著名的球员来上课。
(3)Besides, you are expected to bring some nice small gifts. 除此之外, (大家)会期望你带一些小的美好的礼物。
[思维演练]
根据所给信息补全短文, 并注意高级词汇的使用。(来源：2018·全国卷Ⅲ)
Dear Peter,
（1） (我非常高兴) to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may （2） (给你一个粗略的理解).
To begin with,（3） (一座美丽的新体育馆已落成), which（4） (已成为新的地标) in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up,（5） (各种体育项目) are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football（6） (以及) running competitions（7） (越来越受欢迎). As for me, （8） (热爱篮球) since it has been giving me strength（9） (去迎接生活中的挑战).
All in all, I （10） (诚挚邀请) you to come to our school and see for yourself.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案：
（1）I am exceedingly delighted
（2）give you a rough sketch
（3）a fabulous new stadium has been built up
（4）has become the new landmark
（5）a wide range of sports events
（6）as well as
（7）enjoy great popularity
（8）I’m intoxicated with basketball
（9）to confront the challenges in my life
（10）sincerely invite
【真题再现】【2020·全国卷III】
假定你李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss Evans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括:
1. 剧情简介；
2. 指导内容；
3. 商定时间地点。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 结束语已为你写好。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Dear Miss Evans,
How is everything going! I am writing in sincerity to ask you a favor regarding a play we adapted according to the textbook.
We’d like to combine your culture with ours by adapting the classic novel The Steamboat for a short English play. The play is set on a big storm after midnight, on the raft down the river navigation, we see a steamboat that is going to sink. We saved a scared boy. However, the adaption is quite a challenge. Having written the English script, we don’t want anything inappropriate to spoil the play. So would you please spare some time to review the draft script attached to this email and make necessary changes? If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details?
Given your busy schedule, I’d be very appreciative if you offer to give some professional advice. Look forward to your early reply. Best regards!
Yours truly,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，请求外教 Miss Evans对于《the Steamboat》改编短剧的支持。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时，一般过去时和一般将来时。
结构：总分总法
第一段说明写这封邮件的目的；第二段详细说明英语戏剧的剧情介绍和指导内容细节问题；第三段表达感谢，并期待早日得到回复。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
write to；according to ；combine ； adaption ；challenge；attached to ；convenient
第三步：连词成句
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多主从复合句，如：If it is convenient, may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details? 这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
【题型演练】
1
为丰富校园生活，你校将组织迎新年篮球赛，地点设在校体育馆。假定你是学生会主席，面向本校留学生写一则通知，告知相关事宜。
内容包括：
1.比赛时间和地点；
2.报名时间和方式；
3.活动意义。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Notice
To enrich international students' life on campus, we will organize an international basketball match to welcome the New Year in our school.
As scheduled, the match will start in the school gymnasium at 3: 00 p. m. on May 14th. Through the activity, the students will gain a lot. Not only can you build up your bodies, but also you can strengthen team spirit and enhance friendship between students.
If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before May 2d at our school website. Welcome your active participation!
The Students’ union
April 19th
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给向本校留学生写一则通知，希望留学生报名参加你校组织的迎新年篮球赛。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般将来时,少量用一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.比赛时间和地点；
2.报名时间和方式；
3.活动意义。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
on campus; as scheduled; not only … but also …; be part of; sign up for it
第三步：连词成句
1. To enrich international students' life on campus, we will organize an international match to welcome the New Year in our school.
2. As scheduled, the match will start in the school gymnasium at 3: 00 p. m. on May 14th.
3. Not only can you build up your bodies, but also you can strengthen team spirit and enhance friendship between students.
4. If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before May 2d at our school website.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+ clause(从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] To enrich international students' life on campus, we will organize an international match to welcome the New Year in our school.(运用了不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] Not only can you build up your bodies, but also you can strengthen team spirit and enhance friendship between students.(运用了部分倒装结构)
[高分句型3] If you want to be part of it, please sign up for it before May 2d at our school website.(运用了if引导的条件状语从句)
2
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Tom给你发来邮件，说他最近几次考试成绩不太理想，他现在很难过。请你给他回封邮件，内容包括：
1.理解他的处境；
2.给他提一些建议。
注意：1.字数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
Knowing that you are sad recently due to your poor scores, I feel sorry for you but I can understand your situation. As your friend, I have something to tell you.
Don’t worry about your study too much. As long as you keep on working hard, you will make progress step by step. Besides, facing difficulties, you are not alone. Those who love you will always stand by you. Last but not the least, it doesn’t matter how others think of you. What matters is that you should be confident. Therefore, follow your own course no matter what others say.
I hope you can walk out quickly and be happy again!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Tom写一封邮件，针对他最近几次考试成绩不太理想的问题表示理解并给出建议。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时，少量一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 表示理解他的处境；
2. 给他提一些建议。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
due to; worry about; keep on doing sth.; make progress; stand by sb.; think of; walk out
第三步：连词成句
1. Knowing that you are sad recently due to your poor scores, I feel sorry for you but I can understand your situation.
2. As long as you keep on working hard, you will make progress step by step.
3. Those who love you will always stand by you.
4. What matters is that you should be confident.
5. Therefore, follow your own course no matter what others say.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：last but not the least
2.表并列补充关系：besides; and
3.表转折对比关系：but
4.表因果关系：therefore
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1]. As long as you keep on working hard, you will make progress step by step. （由as long as引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]. Those who love you will always stand by you. （由关系代词who引导的限制性定语从句）
3
假定你是高中学生李华，代表自己班级，邀请Dr. Frost 给班级同学做一场关于“如何保持身心健康”的在线讲座。请你写一封信，发出邀请。
要点：1. 时间，地点；
2. 主题，可简述原因；
3. 期望与感谢。
注意：1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Frost,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Forest,
I’m writing, on behalf of my class, to earnestly invite you to deliver an online lecture concerning students’ health issues between 4 p. m. and 5 p. m. next Friday.
We would be more than grateful if you could lecture on relevant approaches to improving our physical and psychological health, especially as many of us are exhausted and depressed due to continuous efforts in study as well as suffering from inadequate sleep and exercise, eating disorder, and feeling stressed out before exams.
It’ll be our great privilege to benefit from your expertise in health care. Looking forward to your positive reply.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邀请信，邀请Dr. Frost 给班级同学做一场关于“如何保持身心健康”的在线讲座。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.时间，地点；
2.主题，可简述原因；
3. 期望与感谢。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
on behalf of；deliver an online lecture；physical and psychological health；due to；as well as ；suffer from；stressed out ； benefit from；look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1.I’m writing, on behalf of my class, to earnestly invite you to deliver an online lecture concerning students’ health issues between 4 p. m. and 5 p. m. next Friday.
2.We would be more than grateful if you could lecture on relevant approaches to improving our physical and psychological health, especially as many of us are exhausted and depressed due to continuous efforts in study as well as suffering from inadequate sleep and exercise, eating disorder, and feeling stressed out before exams.
3.It’ll be our great privilege to benefit from your expertise in health care.
4.Looking forward to your positive reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including（供参考）
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…（供参考）
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result （供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] I’m writing, on behalf of my class, to earnestly invite you to deliver an online lecture concerning students’ health issues between 4 p. m. and 5 p. m. next Friday.(动词不定式作目的状语)
[高分句型2] It’ll be our great privilege to benefit from your expertise in health care. (it作形式主语，真正的主语的动词不定式)
4
假定你是李华，你校将举办英语文化节，要求每个班级出一个节目。你的同学王明善于演唱英文歌曲，但是因为月考临近，他不愿参加此项活动。请你给他写一封建议信，内容包括：
1.理解他的想法；
2.建议协调好学习和活动的关系；
3.陈述参加集体活动的好处。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Wang Ming,
Sorry to learn that you choose not to attend the coming English Culture Festival. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your prompt reply and expecting your attendance.
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Wang Ming,
Sorry to learn that you choose not to attend the coming English Culture Festival. Since the monthly examination is near, I totally understand the reason why you rejected to take part in this activity. But in my opinion, this is a great chance for you to show yourself. My advice is that you’d better properly handle the relationship between study and activity. What’s more, getting involved in group activities not only makes it easier for you to get on with others, but also can build up your confidence.
Looking forward to your prompt reply and expecting your attendance.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给同学王明写封建议信，建议他参加班级活动并说明理由。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.理解他的想法；
2.建议协调好学习和活动的关系；
3.陈述参加集体活动的好处。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
monthly examination; understand; reject; take part in; in my opinion; relationship; get involved in; not only…but also…; get on with; build up; look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. Since the monthly examination is near, I totally understand the reason why you rejected to take part in this activity.
2. But in my opinion, this is a great chance for you to show yourself.
3. My advice is that you’d better properly handle the relationship between study and activity.
4. What’s more, getting involved in group activities not only makes it easier for you to get on with others, but also can build up your confidence.
5. Looking forward to your prompt reply and expecting your attendance.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：What is more, not only…but also…
2.表转折对比关系：but
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] Since the monthly examination is near, I totally understand the reason why you rejected to take part in this activity. (运用了since引导原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] My advice is that you’d better properly handle the relationship between study and activity. (运用了that引导表语从句)
5
假定你是李华，你的留学生同学Elvis想要了解中国的传统节日。请你写封邮件向他 介绍一下元宵节(the Lantern Festival)。内容包括：
1.节日简介；
2.风俗习惯；
3.邀请他一起过节。
注意：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Elvis,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Elvis,
Knowing that you are interested in the Lantern Festival, now I am writing to introduce it to you.
As one of the most important traditional festivals in China, the Lantern Festival, which is also a continuation of the Spring Festival celebration, falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. On that day, we often eat glue puddings. Besides, people would go outside to enjoy the lanterns and guess the riddles. Perhaps you can see Dragon Dance and some wonderful folk performances, which are very interesting and exciting.
I’d like to invite you to join us for the Lantern Festival. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给留学生Elvis写封邮件中国的传统节日-元宵节。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
要求：
1. 节日简介；
2.元宵节风俗习惯；
3.邀请Elvis共度元宵节。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
be interested in;introduce...to...;one of;a continuation of;enjoy the lanterns;folk performances;invite ... to...;look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1.Knowing that you are interested in the Lantern Festival, now I am writing to introduce it to you.
2. As one of the most important traditional festivals in China, the Lantern Festival, which is also a continuation of the Spring Festival celebration, falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
3. Now many of us have been studying with the help of online courses.
4.people would go outside to enjoy the lanterns and guess the riddles.
5. Perhaps you can see Dragon Dance and some wonderful folk performances, which are very interesting and exciting.
6.I’d like to invite you to join us for the Lantern Festival.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last（供参考）
2.表并列补充关系：Besides
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] Knowing that you are interested in the Lantern Festival, now I am writing to introduce it to you.(现在分词做伴随状语)
[高分句型2]The Lantern Festival, which is also a continuation of the Spring Festival celebration, falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. /Perhaps you can see Dragon Dance and some wonderful folk performances, which are very interesting and exciting.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)
6
假如你是丁真，你看到美国留学生Lisa在网上发帖，希望有人帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平。请根据以下提示用英语给她写一封电子邮件。
1. 相关个人信息；
2. 具体提高建议。
注意：
1. 词数不少于100词，开头语已为你写好;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hi, Lisa,
This is Ding Zhen
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours Sincerely,
Ding Zheng
【参考范文】
Hi, Lisa,
This is Ding Zhen. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin. I feel honored to have the chance to help you with your Mandarin learning.
Please allow me to give you my brief reference. As a Chinese student, my biggest advantage is that I’ve been a broadcaster in school for years, which equips me with an outstanding language proficiency. When it comes to how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that you get yourself involved in Chinese learning activities, such as exploring Chinese culture, getting to know literature and history etc. Believe me , they are sure to arouse your interest and strengthen your confidence. Another suggestion is to practice listening and speaking. What about half an hour online video chat with me every afternoon? I’m right here ready to help. Do remember, learning any language is hard work, but you can make it!
I’d appreciate it if you could offer me the chance and I will try my best to help you make much progress. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Ding Zhen
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国留学生Lisa写封邮件，帮助她提高普通话（Mandarin）水平。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时,少量一般过去时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 相关个人信息；
2. 具体提高建议。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
learn from; feel honored to; have the chance to; equip sb with; when it comes to; arouse your interest and strengthen your confidence; be ready to help; try one’s best to; make much progress; look forward to
第三步：连词成句
1. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.
2. I feel honored to have the chance to help you with your Mandarin learning.
3. As a Chinese student, my biggest advantage is that I’ve been a broadcaster in school for years, which equips me with an outstanding language proficiency.
4. When it comes to how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that you get yourself involved in Chinese learning activities, such as exploring Chinese culture, getting to know literature and history etc.
5. Believe me, they are sure to arouse your interest and strengthen your confidence.
6. I’m right here ready to help.
7. I’d appreciate it if you could offer me the chance and I will try my best to help you make much progress.
8. Looking forward to your early reply.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）（供参考）
1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,
3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although +clause(从句), In spite of +n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1]As a Chinese student, my biggest advantage is that I’ve been a broadcaster in school for years, which equips me with an outstanding language proficiency.（关系代词which引导的非限定性定语从句和that引导的表语从句）
[高分句型2]When it comes to how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that you get yourself involved in Chinese learning activities, such as exploring Chinese culture, getting to know literature and history etc.（that引导的宾语从句和虚拟语气）
[高分句型3]I’d appreciate it if you could offer me the chance and I will try my best to help you make much progress.（if引导的条件状语从句）
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