新高考英语二轮复习题型专练27 应用文的衔接转换策略（2份打包，原卷版+解析版）

这是一份新高考英语二轮复习题型专练27 应用文的衔接转换策略（2份打包，原卷版+解析版），文件包含新高考英语二轮复习题型专练27应用文的衔接转换策略原卷版doc、新高考英语二轮复习题型专练27应用文的衔接转换策略解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。

在应用文写作的过程中，完成了审题的过程, 有了具体要点和整体布局后, 我们就要整合信息点, 让庞杂的内容变得富有逻辑性和层次感。在句与句内在衔接的基础上, 做到段落间的起承转合, 使文章有整体性、连贯性。学会正确使用连接词、衔接句, 能为写作助一臂之力。
I.思维路径1：连接词助力语言连贯
在句与句之间、段与段之间恰当地使用一些承上启下的连接性词语是语言连贯性得以实现的最常用手段。连接性词语归纳如下:
1. 起始关系:t begin with, first f all, as we all knw, as is knwn, as is shwn in. . . , accrding t 等。
As we all knw, gd learning habits cntribute t efficient study.
2. 时间顺序:at the beginning, then, later, finally, at last, in the end, afterwards, since then, after that, immediately, meanwhile等。
At the beginning, I cllected all the things scattered in the rms and put them in place. Then I wiped the dust ff all the furniture. After that, I mpped the flr.
3. 条件关系:if, unless, in case(f), as/s lng as, n cnditin that, prvided(that)等。
I wuld be very grateful if yu culd meet my uncle at the airprt.
4. 转折关系:but, yet, hwever, while, therwise, n the cntrary, nevertheless等。
Hwever, nt until the match was ver did we realize that we lst it.
5. 因果关系:because, as, since, fr, thanks t, due t, as a result f, s, therefre, as a result/cnsequence等。
Therefre, there is n reasn fr us t lk dwn upn rdinary jbs.
6. 并列关系:and, r, as well as, nt nly. . . but als. . . , either. . . r. . . , nt. . . but. . . , neither. . . nr. . . 等。
We will have a gd time there and I will send yu sme phts taken there.
7. 递进关系:besides, what’s mre, mrever, furthermre, what’s wrse, still less, t make matters wrse, wrse still, mre imprtantly等。
Many f them can hardly lk after themselves, still less manage their wn lives.
8. 列举事实:such as, fr example/instance, take. . . fr example, that is t say, as fllws, in ther wrds, n the ne hand. . . n the ther hand. . . , fr ne thing. . . fr anther. . . 等。
On the ne hand, I can earn sme mney by ding it t help my parents;n the ther hand, I can gain sme experience frm it, which will d gd t my future life.
9. 表示观点:in my pinin, in my view, frm my pint f view, as far as I am cncerned, as fr me, persnally等。
As far as I am cncerned, they stand fr lve, friendship and unity.
10. 总结:in shrt, in brief, in cnclusin, in a wrd, t sum up, all in all, n the whle, in general, generally speaking等。
All in all, traveling is the best chice fr us t enrich ur lives and get ready fr the new challenges.
II.思维路径2：衔接句助力语篇流畅
1. 引出开头
It is well knwn t us that. . .
我们都知道……
As far as my knwledge is cncerned. . .
据我所知……
Recently the prblem f. . . has been brught int fcus.
=Nwadays there is grwing cncern ver the prblem f. . .
最近……问题引起了关注
2. 表达不同观点
Peple’s views n. . . vary frm persn t persn. Sme hld that. . . Hwever, thers believe that. . .
Peple may have different pinins n. . .
人们对……可能会持有不同见解
3. 表示结尾
In shrt, it can be said that. . .
总之, ……意思是……
Frm what has been mentined abve, we can cme t the cnclusin that. . .
从上面提到的, 我们可以得出结论……
4. 提出建议
It is high time that we put an end t the trend.
该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。
Only in this way can we. . .
只有这样, 我们才能……。
5. 预示后果
Obviusly, if we dn’t cntrl the prblem, the chances are that. . . will lead us in danger.
6. 表示观点
As far as I am cncerned/In my pinin. . .
就我来说……
7. 给出原因或顺序
Fr ne thing, . . . fr anther thing, . . . =On the ne hand, . . . n the ther hand. . .
一方面……另一方面……
【思维演示】
请根据上下文填写适当的连接词, 并体会其用法。
Dear Jack,
Thank yu fr yur letter asking abut ur discussin n lw carbn lifestyle. （1） Here is smething abut it.
We shuld d smething t prtect ur envirnment. （2） At first, we shuld save water and electricity. We shuldn’t waste ur water. （3） S we shuld use the same water again and again. If we leave ur rm, we shuld turn ff lights and cmputer timely. （4） Secnd, we shuldn’t thrw the trash everywhere. And we shuld separate the garbage prcessing. （5） Next, we shuld use tissue less, and use it again and again. （6）Finally, if we g ut, we can g n ft instead f taking cars and we （7）als can g ut by bike and bus.
Best wishes!
Yurs,
Li Hua
答案：
（1） Here （2） At first（3） S （4） Secnd（5） Next （7）als
【真题再现】【2020·全国卷II】
上周末，你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文，介绍这次活动，内容包括:
1. 农场情况；
2. 采摘过程；
3. 个人感受
注意:
1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好。
题目:My Weekend
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
My Weekend
Last weekend，we tk part in a picking activity. We drve frm the schl, and the farm was abut 2 kilmeters away frm ur schl. When we arrived at the farm, there are all kinds f animals, green fresh vegetables and fruit trees in the farm. We were divided int tw grups. One grup was respnsible fr picking fruits, the ther packed up the fruits. Time flying quickly, the activity was ver. But it was a meaningful day, when we learn a lt frm it. Thrugh this activity, we knw hw hard the farmers are and hw precius the fd is. We shuld treasure the fd planted by the farmers.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生为英语角写一篇关于和同学一起参加采摘活动的短文。
【详解】
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文。
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。
结构：总分法。
要求：
1.农场情况；
2.采摘过程；
3.个人感受
第二步：列提纲（重点短语）
tk part in；was respnsible fr ；a meaningful day；shuld treasure
第三步：连词成句
1. Last weekend, we tk part in a picking activity.
2. One grup was respnsible fr picking fruits the ther packed up the fruits.
3. But it was a meaningful day, when we learn a lt frm it
4. We shuld treasure the fd planted by the farmers.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇
1.表示文章结构顺序：介绍农场；描述采摘过程；个人感受
2.表示并列补充关系：and ;But; Thrugh
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如定语从句：But it was a meaningful day, when we learn a lt frm it.；非谓语动词：We shuld treasure the fd planted by the farmers；时间状语从句：When we arrived at the farm, there are all kinds f animals, green fresh vegetables and fruit trees in the farm. We were divided int tw grups…等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添彩。
【题型演练】
1
假定你是李华。你校学生会拟举办新春英语晚会，招募主持人。请你给学生会主席李明用英语写一封信推荐自己，内容包括：
1.表明写作目的；
2.描述自身优势(至少两点)；
3.希望获准。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Li Ming,
Learning that ur schl’s Spring Festival Party is appraching and hsts are needed, I’m writing t recmmend myself fr this precius pprtunity.
First f all, I have a gd cmmand f English and can speak English fluently and accurately, which makes it easy fr me t cmmunicate with thers. Besides, nce being a hst in the New Year Party, I have the experience f hw t be a gd hst, such as hw t feel ease n the stage and hw t interact with audience.
I d hpe I’m the right persn that yu are lking fr. And I’d appreciate it if yu culd take my applicatin int accunt.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学生会主席李明用英语写一封信，推荐自己做新春英语晚会的主持人。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.表明写作目的；
2.描述自身优势(至少两点)；
3.希望获准。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
Spring Festival Party; hst; recmmend; precius pprtunity; have a gd cmmand f; fluently and accurately; cmmunicate with; such as; take … int accunt
第三步：连词成句
1. Learning that ur schl’s Spring Festival Party is appraching and hsts are needed, I’m writing t recmmend myself fr this precius pprtunity.
2. First f all, I have a gd cmmand f English and can speak English fluently and accurately, which makes it easy fr me t cmmunicate with thers.
3. Besides, nce being a hst in the New Year Party, I have the experience f hw t be a gd hst, such as hw t feel ease n the stage and hw t interact with audience.
4. I d hpe I’m the right persn that yu are lking fr.
5. And I’d appreciate it if yu culd take my applicatin int accunt.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all
2.表并列补充关系：Besides
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] Learning that ur schl’s Spring Festival Party is appraching and hsts are needed, I’m writing t recmmend myself fr this precius pprtunity. (运用了that引导宾语从句和现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] First f all, I have a gd cmmand f English and can speak English fluently and accurately, which makes it easy fr me t cmmunicate with thers. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
2
假定你是李华，为了帮助贫困地区的学生，上周日你校举办了募集旧衣物的活动。请你就此用英语写一篇短文，内容包括：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 活动的过程；
3. 你的感悟。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
An Activity f Cllecting Used Clthes
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
An Activity f Cllecting Used Clthes
Last weekend, ur schl held an activity f cllecting students' used clthes with the purpse f helping the students in pr areas.
In rder t rganize it successfully, we made full preparatins. First, we cllected varius used clthes which were still in gd cnditin and srted ut the thick nes. Secnd, with enugh clthes, the mnitr in each class called the express cmpany t send ur parcels.
All the clthes we cllected will play a rle in helping the pr families against the cld weather. It's such a meaningful activity that students are all lking frward t the next chance f charity.
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就为了帮助贫困地区的学生举办的募集旧衣物的活动写一篇短文，谈谈此活动的目的、过程和自己的感悟。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时,少量一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 活动的目的；
2. 活动的过程；
3. 你的感悟。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
with the purpse f ding sth.; make full preparatins; in gd cnditin; srt ut; play a rle in ding sth.; lk frward t sth.
第三步：连词成句
1. Last weekend, ur schl held an activity f cllecting students' used clthes with the purpse f helping the students in pr areas.
2. In rder t rganize it successfully, we made full preparatins.
3. First, we cllected varius used clthes which were still in gd cnditin and srted ut the thick nes.
4. All the clthes we cllected will play a rle in helping the pr families against the cld weather.
5. It's such a meaningful activity that students are all lking frward t the next chance f charity.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First, Secnd
2.表因果关系：such…that…
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] First, we cllected varius used clthes which were still in gd cnditin and srted ut the thick nes.用了which引导的定语从句。
[高分句型2] It's such a meaningful activity that students are all lking frward t the next chance f charity. 用了such…that…（如此……以至于……）引导的结果状语从句。
3
假定你是新华中学的学生李华，本周六你班同学打算举行一次登山活动。请用英文给外教 David写一封信，邀请他参加此次活动。具体内容如下：、
1.集合时间与地点：8：00,校门口 ；
2.携带物品：食物、水、相机等；
3.返回时间：下午两点；
4.登山的益处。
注意:词数100左右。
Dear David,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear David,
The students in ur class are ging t have a climbing this Saturday. We sincerely invite yu t jin us. We will gather tgether at the schl gate at 8 p. m. Please bring alng what yu need, fr example, fd, water and camera. It is expected that we will cme back at 2 p. m.
Of curse there are lts f benefits frm climbing. First f all, everyne can keep in shape as lng as he ften practices. What's mre, yu can certainly relax yurself when yu are sweating during the climbing. The pain in bdy can relieve yur tense nerves.
Lk frward t yur reply.
Yurs
Li Hua
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教 David写一封信，邀请他参加班级的登山活动。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。
要求：
1.集合时间与地点：8：00,校门口 ；
2.携带物品：食物、水、相机等；
3.返回时间：下午两点；
4.登山的益处。
第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）
bring alng; expect; benefit; as lng as; sweat; relieve
第三步：连词成句
1. Please bring alng what yu need,
2. It is expected that we will cme back at 2 p. m.
3. Of curse there are lts f benefits frm climbing.
4. everyne can keep in shape as lng as he ften practices.
5. yu can certainly relax yurself when yu are sweating during the climbing.
6. The pain in bdy can relieve yur tense nerves.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：First f all,
2.表并列补充关系：What is mre,
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] It is expected that we will cme back at 2 p. m. (that引导的主语从句)
[高分句型2]yu can certainly relax yurself when yu are sweating during the climbing. (when引导的时间状语从句)
4
假设你是李华，你看到敦煌莫高窟（Mga Caves）的石像（stne statue）由于游客不文明行为而受 损的新闻报道后，想为全班做一个关于保护文物古迹的课前演讲，要点如下：
1.你看到这则新闻的感受
2.文物古迹保护的重要性及建议
3.号召保护文物古迹
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。3.开头和结束语已写好，不计 入总词数。
Gd mrning, everyne!
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank yu fr yur time!
【参考范文】
Gd mrning, everyne!
I wuld like t take this pprtunity t talk abut the prtectin f cultural relics. I was in deep srrw when I saw the news, which said that the stne statues f Mga Caves were damaged because f uncivil behavirs.
I feel it a duty fr us students t take actin t prevent this kind f situatin frm happening again, because these cultural relics are an imprtant part f China’s cultural heritage. As a result, it’s strngly suggested that when traveling, we behave urselves by nt tuching, climbing r leaving marks n them. In ther wrds, we shuld fllw the rules and be civilized turists.
My dear fellw students: I’m appealing t yu t make jint effrts t prtect ur natinal treasures which can be passed dwn frm generatin t generatin.
Thank yu fr yur time!
【解析】这是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇关于保护文物古迹的课前演讲。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时和一般现在时。
结构：总分总
总分总指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，最后总结，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.你看到这则新闻的感受
2.文物古迹保护的重要性及建议
3.号召保护文物古迹
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
wuld like t d；be in deep srrw；take actin t d sth.；prevent frm；as a result；in ther wrds；make jint effrts t d sth.。
第三步：连词成句。根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
1. I wuld like t take this pprtunity t talk abut the prtectin f cultural relics.
2. I feel it a duty fr us students t take actin t prevent this kind f situatin frm happening again, because these cultural relics are an imprtant part f China’s cultural heritage.
3. As a result, it’s strngly suggested that when traveling, we behave urselves by nt tuching, climbing r leaving marks n them.
4. My dear fellw students: I’m appealing t yu t make jint effrts t prtect ur natinal treasures which can be passed dwn frm generatin t generatin.
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序（供参考）：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
2.表并列补充关系（供参考）：What is mre, Besides, Mrever, Furthermre, In additin As well as, nt nly…but (als), including,
3.表转折对比关系（供参考）：Hwever, On the cntrary, but, Althugh+clause(从句), In spite f+n/ding,On the ne hand…,On the ther hand… Sme…,while thers…,as fr, s…that…
4.表因果关系：Because, As a result
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] As a result, it’s strngly suggested that when traveling, we behave urselves by nt tuching, climbing r leaving marks n them.本句使用了状语从句的省略。
[高分句型2] My dear fellw students: I’m appealing t yu t make jint effrts t prtect ur natinal treasures which can be passed dwn frm generatin t generatin.本句使用了定语从句。
[高分句型3] I was in deep srrw when I saw the news, which said that the stne statues f Mga Caves were damaged because f uncivil behavirs.本句使用了时间状语从句和非限制性定语从句。
5
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jacky学习汉语发音时碰到困难，写信请你推荐相关学习资源，帮忙解决问题。请你用英语给他回信，内容包括:
1. 资源名称； 2. 推荐理由。
注意:
1. 词数80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jacky,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Jacky,
I'm writing in respnse t yur request fr infrmatin abut Chinese prnunciatin. I'm pleased t prvide yu with answers t slve yur prblem.
Hell Talk is a suitable app fr yu. It has a cllectin f audi materials cvering varius levels. Besides, it ffers a vice recrder tl, with which yu may recrd yur prnunciatin and cmpare it with that f a native speaker. With the app, yu will definitely make great prgress.
I sincerely hpe my advice will be f help. Feel free t ask me if yu have any ther questins.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英国朋友Jacky写封回信，推荐相关学习资源，帮忙解决他学习汉语发音时碰到的困难。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时,少量一般将来时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1. 资源名称；
2. 推荐理由。
3. 询问对方的意向。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
in respnse t; be pleased t d; prvide sb. with sth.; a cllectin f; cmpare with; make great prgress; be f help
第三步：连词成句
1. I'm writing in respnse t yur request fr infrmatin abut Chinese prnunciatin.
2. I'm pleased t prvide yu with answers t slve yur prblem.
3. It has a cllectin f audi materials cvering varius levels.
4. Besides，it ffers a vice recrder tl, with which yu may recrd yur prnunciatin and cmpare it with that f a native speaker.
5. With the app, yu will definitely make great prgress.
6. I sincerely hpe my advice will be f help.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表并列补充关系：Besides
2.表转折对比关系：Hwever, On the cntrary, but, Althugh +clause(从句), In spite f +n/ding, On the ne hand…,On the ther hand… Sme…,while thers…,as fr, s…that…（供参考）
3.表因果关系：Because, As, S, Thus, Therefre, As a result （供参考）
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] Besides, it ffers a vice recrder tl, with which yu may recrd yur prnunciatin and cmpare it with that f a native speaker. （这句话运用了“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2] Feel free t ask me if yu have any ther questins. （这句话运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
6
假定你是李华，在你校交换生朋友Peter的帮助下，你提高了英语成绩。请给他写封感谢信，内容包括：
1.表达谢意；
2.事情经过；
3.你的收获。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已为你写好。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
I'm writing t express my sincere gratitude t yu. Thank yu fr imprving my English. D yu remember my English used t be pr? Althugh I wrked hard at it, I made little prgress, which made me upset. Then yu ffered t help me. Yu asked me what prevented me frm making prgress. I tld yu that I had difficulty in memrizing wrds and understanding grammar. Then yu urged me t memrize ten wrds every day. Yu als explained grammar knwledge t me ver and ver again.
Yu made me find an effective way t learn English and realize learning cmes by steps. Thanks t yu, my vcabulary has gradually expanded and I've understd English grammar.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生朋友Peter写封感谢信，感谢他帮助你提高了英语成绩。
第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时。
结构：总分法
总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。
要求：
1.表达谢意；
2.事情经过；
3.你的收获。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
used t ；wrk hard at；make prgress；prevent …frm…；have difficulty in；ver and ver again；
第三步：连词成句
1.I'm writing t express my sincere gratitude t yu.
2.Thank yu fr imprving my English.
3.D yu remember my English used t be pr?
4. Althugh I wrked hard at it, I made little prgress, which made me upset.
5. Then yu ffered t help me.
6.Yu asked me what prevented me frm making prgress.
7.I tld yu that I had difficulty in memrizing wrds and understanding grammar.
8. Then yu urged me t memrize ten wrds every day.
9. Yu als explained grammar knwledge t me ver and ver again.
10. Yu made me find an effective way t learn English and realize learning cmes by steps.
11. Thanks t yu, my vcabulary has gradually expanded and I've understd English grammar.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
本文使用了表文章结构顺序的衔接词：First f all, Firstly/First, Secndly/Secnd… And then, Finally, In the end, At last
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，
【范文点评】
[高分句型1] Althugh I wrked hard at it, I made little prgress, which made me upset. (althugh引导让步状语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] I tld yu that I had difficulty in memrizing wrds and understanding grammar.（that引导宾语从句）