(新高考)高考英语二轮复习专练32 概要写作主题提炼策略(2份打包，解析版+原卷版)

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【概要写作精准提炼主旨四步走】
第1步 读懂原文，明确篇章结构
写概要之前，一定要先通读原文， 确定文章的体裁和主题。在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确原文的篇章结构。 根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。
[提醒] 一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。
第2步 去次留精，提炼关键信息
·明确全文的篇章结构后， 就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。
·先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。
·原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息如列举数字和列举的事例等无须在概要中一一列出。
第3步 归纳要点 合理转换表达
明确每个意义段的关键信息后，接下来应用自己的语言准确地表达各意义段的要点。 为避免和原文的句子重复， 可利用同义转述和句式转换这两种形式归纳要点。各要点的词数应根据文中对应内容的篇幅来定，分清主次。
转换表达注意遵循2个原则
①不增不减不曲：客观精准地表述原文要点，不增添不属于原材料的信息或删减原材料关键信息或改变原材料所表达的意思。
②不繁：在正确理解原文的前提下，用简洁的语言表达与所给材料一致的信息。
第4步 句式多样 注意过渡衔接
在概要中合理使用非谓语、从句和特殊句式等使句式丰富多样，但句子结构不可过长，也不要用太复杂的句子结构。同时选用适当的过渡衔接词衔接上下文，保证概要部分内容的连贯性。
【策略演示】
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2018年11月，浙江卷)It's a really eq \a\vs4\al(gd idea) t eq \a\vs4\al(visit clleges) befre yu apply because their websites can all start t lk and sund the same. Nthing will give yu the sense f what it will actually be like t live n a cllege campus (校园) like visiting_and_seeing_fr_yurself_the_drms,_classrms_and_athletic_equipment_and,_f_curse,_the_students. It seems a little crazy nce senir year hits t find the time t visit cllege campuses, and it can als be pricey if eq \a\vs4\al(the schls yu are applying t) eq \a\vs4\al(happen t be mre than a car ride away). But keep in mind that yu are making a decisin abut the next fur years f yur life, and d all the research yu can t make sure yu are making the right ne.
There's eq \a\vs4\al(n excuse) nt t eq \a\vs4\al(visit) the eq \a\vs4\al(schls) in yur lcal area. In fact, a lt f cllege applicatins even ask if yu have visited campus, and bviusly, if yu live acrss the cuntry that wn't be as much f a pssibility, but if yu live nearby, eq \a\vs4\al(g t check it ut)！
If campus visits aren't ging t happen befre yu apply, at the very least yu shuld eq \a\vs4\al(find sme time) between applying and getting yur acceptance letters t eq \a\vs4\al(visit) the eq \a\vs4\al(schls) yu'd like t attend. It_can_save_yu_a_lt_f_heartache if yu rule ut nw the things that yu dn't like abut certain campuses, things that yu wuldn't knw unless yu actually visit.
Nw, if time and mney are making it impssible, then eq \a\vs4\al(check ut) the eq \a\vs4\al(nline cllege fairs) at CllegeWeekLive. It's a chance t chat nline with admissins fficers, students, and cllege cunselrs (顾问), and it wn't cst yu a penny! Yu can register fr its nline cllege fair at cllegeweeklive.cm. While visiting an nline cllege fair can't take the place f an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tl that alng with all yur ther research will help yu make an infrmed decisin abut which clleges r universities yu'd like t attend.
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【思路点拨】
第1步 读懂原文，明确篇章结构
原文是说明文，为确保精彩的大学生活，在申请大学前应抽时间提前了解大学。
第1段：提出观点——在你上大学之前，要亲眼看看想申请的大学。
第2段：一定要去看看当地的大学。
第3段：如在申请之前没去过，在申请之后或得到录取通知书之前，一定要去大学看看。
第4段：如果无法亲自参观，登录网站了解相关信息。
分析各段主旨可判断，文章第1～2段是一个意义段，3～4段分别是2个意义段，故原文3个意义段可归纳为3个要点。
第2步 去次留精，提炼关键信息
本文关键信息已在文中用画线和阴影形式体现， 其中画线词为与主题句相关的关键信息，其他则为次要信息。
第3步 归纳要点，合理转换表达
采用同义转述、句式转换等方法灵活准确归纳要点，如：
①第一段主题句和第二段主题句可概括为要点1：该要点中的“gd idea”可用wise chice转述；“in yur lcal area”可转换为 where yu live。
②第三段主题句可概括为要点2: 该要点中的“visiting and seeing fr yurself”可转换为pay a persnal visit。
③第四段主题句可概括为要点3：该要点中的“time and mney are making it impssible”可转换为all the abve is nt affrdable。
第4步 句式多样，注意过渡衔接
句式要多样，可利用非谓语动词和状语从句，丰富概要部分的句式。
【参考范文】
As a senir year student, it's a wise chice t visit wuld­be clleges near where yu live befre attending them fr seeing is believing. (要点1) Yu shuld find a chance t pay a persnal visit even at yur waiting in case yu feel disappinted afterwards. (要点2)If all the abve is nt affrdable, yu are advised t search the nline cllege fair at CllegeWeekLive where yu can get the necessary infrmatin. (要点3)
【题型演练】
1
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is imprtant that yu teach yur baby t read at an early age. Why? Obviusly, being able t read is the basis fr any successful educatin, s the earlier they start, the better. All t ften, parents leave educating their children up t schls, which prbably explains why the United States is currently ranked 18th in its rate f reading and writing.
Teaching yur baby t read prvides brain exercise and it has als been shwn t increase the baby’s IQ because there is simply n better time in a persn’s life fr learning than when they are babies. During this time, their brains are develping rapidly. The sner they begin t read, the sner they can begin t learn ther subjects. This way, by the time yur children begin schl, they will already knw what’s being taught, and will be put n the fast track. Maybe they will even skip a grade dwn the rad. One f the cases was 17-mnth-ld Elizabeth Barrett wh drew public’s attentin. She was given a series f wrds and even sentences that she culd read quite well. Her parents had been reading t her since she was brn and had prvided her with a very early educatin.
Reading is the mst imprtant thing t teach babies at a yung age. It desn’t have t be stressful r difficult fr yur child. Learning can be fun at such an early age, and it can be accmplished s easily that they wn’t have t struggle in rder t learn.
If yu’re interested in teaching yur baby t read，the best way t start is by spending just a few minutes every day. Flash cards are a helpful tl. Simply shw yur baby matching picture n the ppsite side. There are als vides that help t teach babies t read. There is n better time t teach yur baby t read than the present.
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2
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The manta ray is ne f the largest fishes in the wrld, reaching up t 29 feet in width. And manta rays are sme f the friendliest creatures. They allw divers t swim right up t them. Unfrtunately, these gentle animals are in big truble. Since 2011, manta rays have been listed as a threatened species wrldwide.
Overfishing is cnsidered the biggest threat t giant manta numbers, bth intentinal and accidental. Peple catch manta rays fr their gill plates — the parts thrugh which they filter their fd frm seawater — are sld in China fr medical purpses. Driven by the huge demand, fishermen have hunted them mercilessly. Frm 2010 t 2013, the number f rays killed annually t supply the gill plate market tripled t 150,000. Clearly, verfishing is bad fr any sea creature, but it’s even wrse fr giant manta rays. Female mantas usually have nly ne baby, every tw t five years. S every manta ray that was caught hurts the ppulatin in a big way.
T prtect giant manta ppulatin, Peru, a cuntry in Suth America, recently tk a big step t prtect giant manta rays. It banned fishing fr them. Peple wh break the law can be fined r have their fishing licenses taken away. Even manta rays caught accidentally in fishing nets must be released. Althugh ther cuntries have passed laws t prtect manta rays, Peru’s may be the mst imprtant ne yet, because there are mre giant manta rays in the Pacific Ocean near Peru than in any ther place in the wrld.
Scientists wrking in the Manta Trust, an rganizatin that researches manta rays, are als trying t prtect manta rays by learning mre abut them. Earlier this year, the rganizatin attached vide cameras, called Crittercams, t manta rays ff the west cast f Mexic. The phts the cameras cllect culd help researchers predict where and when manta rays swim. The scientist culd use the infrmatin t warn fishing bats t avid these areas, helping reduce the number f accidentally caught manta rays.
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3
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents always want the best fr their children and giving them; the best educatin is always n tp f the list. But if yu think educatin is all they need, maybe yu shuld think twice. Sure, yu learn a lt f things in schl, but there are imprtant lessns and skills yu will need in life that ne can nly learn at hme. Therefre, teaching the children t d husehld chres is very helpful in their grwth. Mst families nwadays hire husemaids t d the chres, s children dn’t get t experience ding it anymre. But studies argue that it’s still necessary t let children d them.
Helping at hme can be a training place fr yur children t whatever respnsibilities they may have in the future. By ding s, they can learn what might be f their advantage when they grw up. “Perfrming chres ffers kids a feeling f self-sufficiency, helps them develp a wrk ethic, is tied t academic success in schl, makes them feel useful and teaches them the imprtance f helping thers and cntributing t the greater gd.”
Althugh, mst parents can als argue that it is nt easy t frce their children t d chres. It is a nature fr the children t refuse t d chres when they are tld t. But there are ways that can turn husehld chres int a mre likely activity fr the children. First, start them yung. This desn’t mean that yu let yur children d huge tasks at an early age. Yu can gradually increase the level f tasks as they grw ld but never ever push them t hard. Secnd, appreciate every little achievement. Praise them r give them smething. Children lve rewards and it drives them t d better.
Mst imprtantly, let them knw that asking them t help-ut is nt a punishment. Chres shuld never be used as a punishment. They might get dne in the shrt term, but the effects wn’t last. This apprach des nt give the child the feeling f ding smething because it is the right thing t d. It nly makes them hate chres and hping ut even mre. Chres shuld be used as a sense f purpse. Explain t them that it is fr their benefit and everything they learn frm it is fr their advantage.
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4
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are very strange creatures. They have their wn way f telling each ther that they have fund a new flwer. They bring sme f its nectar (花蜜) back hme and then d a little dance that shws where the flwer is and hw far away it is.
In autumn the wrker bees g ut and cllect as much nectar and pllen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return t make hney and stre it fr the lng cld winter.
Bees build their wn huses but they d nt always have rund tps like peple draw them in strybks. They are usually five streys high. The queen bee always has the bttm strey. In between the bttm strey and all the rest there are bars nly just wide enugh fr the wrkers t pass thrugh. The queen bee can never g up t the ther flrs because she is bigger than all the ther bees. The streys the queen can’t enter are where the stre rms are. There are rms fr pllen, nectar and ryal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the wrkers have t cver the walls and entrance f the rms. They have t mve the hney and the nectar and pllen away frm the ht walls f the rm.
The queen is the nly that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drne. Once the queen has laid the eggs she thrws the drne ut because a drne just sits arund eating hney and nectar. He cannt g ut and cllect pllen because drnes d nt have pllen-carrying things n their legs like the wrkers have.
Yung bees are called nurses because they have t nurse the newbrn bees whether they like it r nt. What a bee ends up being when it grws up depends n what it eats. If it is t be a queen it must feed n ryal jellies and it must never, ever set eyes n anther queen. If it des they must fight till nly ne f them is still alive.
5
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Cllege students need textbks t help them learn and earn an academic degree. Hwever, n tp f tuitin, rm and bard and meals, why are textbks s expensive? Textbks cver many areas f knwledge. They are prepared specifically with a lt f infrmatin that include many riginal pictures, special charts, and specific data. Textbks are extremely useful t students fr learning and prfitable fr the cmpanies that publish them. While textbks can be a financial burden n the student, they can be prfitable fr a bk scuter (侦察员).
A bk scuter is an pprtunist wh buys cheap used bks at thrift stres (二手店) r bk sales, and sells them fr mre mney. Brand new textbks are the mst desired f bks fr scuters since they typically cst ver $100. Of curse, used textbks dn’t cst as much. But when the scuter ges t a thrift stre and bk sales at libraries, textbks can cst as little as several dllars. S, buying used textbks that are new is ne f the mst prfitable bks that sellers can buy.
Unfrtunately, many cllege textbk editins change every year, which eliminates (消除) the student’s chance t use last year’s editin. S, they will have t pay mre mney fr brand new textbks. The sad reality is that very few changes are generally made between editins.
Bk scuters search fr textbks as well as ther categries f bks available at lcal thrift stres r bk sales. Textbks that are new r relatively new are marked dwn t just a few dllars. Then they can be sld n Amazn fr ptentially high prfits. Amazn buys new textbks fr a lt mre mney than mst ther types f bks. If yu want t try scuting textbks t make a prfit, buy their newest editins r the nes ahead f them. Buy it in the best cnditin pssible. If yu live in a twn r city where there is a university, yu have a better chance f finding gd textbks.
Althugh textbks can be expensive fr the average student, he r she culd ptentially sell them n Amazn fr the same price that they were purchased. Just remember, knwledge is pwer and can be prfitable t.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例如：eq \a\vs4\al(Dn't frget the clck)—r the radi. Peple wh eq \a\vs4\al(eat slwly) tend t eq \a\vs4\al(cnsume) abut 70 eq \a\vs4\al(fewer calries) (卡路里) per meal than thse wh rush thrugh their meals. eq \a\vs4\al(Begin keeping track f the time)， and try t eq \a\vs4\al(make dinner last at least 30 minutes). And while yu're at it, actually sit dwn t eat. If yu need sme help slwing dwn, turn relaxing music. It makes yu less likely t rush thrugh a meal.(画线部分为主题句)
本段落主要内容为吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。用自己的语言将画线部分重组后，关键信息如下：Recrd the time and set dinner time fr half an hur as eating slwly helps take in less calries.
例如：Yur huse may have an eq \a\vs4\al(effect) n yur eq \a\vs4\al(figure). Experts say the way yu eq \a\vs4\al(design) yur eq \a\vs4\al(hme) culd eq \a\vs4\al(play a rle in) whether yu pack n the punds r keep them ff. Yu can make yur envirnment wrk fr yu instead f against yu. Here are sme eq \a\vs4\al(ways) t turn yur eq \a\vs4\al(hme) int part f yur eq \a\vs4\al(diet) plan.(画线句为主题句)
主题句关键词如画线所示：The_way yu design yur hme may have an effect n yur figure. Here are sme ways t turn yur hme int part f yur diet plan.
转换表达时可利用同义替换将ways改为tips; The way yu design yur hme改为Hw t have yur hme designed。主题句转换为Hw t have yur hme designed affects yur figure. Belw are tips t design yur hme t help diet.