(新高考)高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册 Unit 4　高考题型组合练 (含详解)

高考题型组合练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2022·重庆名校联盟联考)

A 70-year-old grandfather has successfully rowed a boat unassisted across the entire Atlantic Ocean—and he didn’t do it for himself.Frank Rothwell took the challenge in memory of his brother-in-law Roger，who died of Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔茨海默病)．

Requiring 18 months of hard training，the entire trip took eight challenging weeks for Rothwell to travel from LaGomera in the Canary Islands on December 12 to the finish line 3,000 miles away in Antigua on February 6.“I like challenges！” explains Rothwell on his fundraising site.“In 2017，I spent five weeks on a deserted island for the Channel 4 program，The Island with Bear Grylls.Before that，I was only the 10th person ever to circumnavigate North and South America.”

In a statement，Hilary Evans，chief executive of Alzheimer’s Research UK，said，“We’re honored to have such amazing support from Frank.His courage and determination helped him to complete his epic challenge and raise ￡1 million for dementia(痴呆) research.”

“This incredible amount will be a huge benefit to the groundbreaking research we carry out here at Alzheimer’s Research UK，as we continue our mission to bring about life-changing treatments for people affected by dementia，” added Evans.

Crossing the finish line was an emotional moment for Rothwell.He said，“I am on cloud nine! I set out in December wishing to raise ￡1 million for Alzheimer’s Research UK but I never thought I’d actually achieve it.At times，the challenge was incredibly tough，with rough seas，huge waves，and missing my wife，Judith.But as exhausting as it was，it was all totally worth it.”

He also said，“Having received hundreds of messages from people who，like me，have witnessed the heartbreak of dementia，I am proud to have raised such an incredible amount in honor of Roger and everyone else who has experienced the destruction it causes.”

1．Why did Rothwell sail across the Atlantic Ocean?

A．To raise money for Roger to receive treatment.

B．To call on people to challenge themselves.

C．To collect money for Alzheimer’s research.

D．To photograph the rare view of seas and waves.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中“I set out in December wishing to raise ￡1 million for Alzheimer’s Research UK”可知，Rothwell划船横渡大西洋旨在为阿尔茨海默病的研究筹集资金。故选C项。

2．What does the underlined part “on cloud nine” probably mean?

A．At a loss.

B．In surprise.

C．In great shape.

D．In wild excitement.

答案　D

解析　词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“Crossing the finish line was an emotional moment for Rothwell.”可知，冲过终点线对 Rothwell 来说是个激动人心的时刻，他一定非常兴奋。故画线部分与D项意思相近。

3．What words best describe Rothwell?

A．Courageous and helpful.

B．Humorous and patient.

C．Optimistic and cautious.

D．Generous and wise.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，Rothwell为了这次挑战的成功，经历了长期的艰苦训练，并且他热爱挑战，曾经在一座荒岛上待过五周，还环游过南北美洲，由此可以看出他勇气过人。他横渡大西洋是为了帮助阿尔茨海默病的研究，可以看出他乐于助人。故选A项。

4．In which section of a newspaper may the text appear?

A．Sports.   B．Society.

C．Education.   D．Business.

答案　B

解析　文章出处题。文章介绍了70岁的Rothwell划船横渡大西洋，为阿尔茨海默病的研究筹集了100万英镑的事，体现了服务社会的正能量。故可能会在报纸的社会版块看到这篇文章。故选B项。

B

Renewable energy projects，including onshore and offshore wind and solar farms，have so far been subsidized(资助) by government support schemes.This has led to some complaining that clean energy is pushing up bills.

However，the most recently approved offshore wind projects will most likely operate with “negative subsidies”—paying money back to the government.The money will go towards reducing household energy bills as the offshore wind farms start producing power in the mid-2020s.

This is the conclusion of an analysis by an international team led by Imperial College London researchers published today in Nature Energy.

Lead researcher Dr Malte Jansen，from the Centre for Environmental Policy at Imperial，said，“Offshore wind power will soon be so cheap to produce that it will undercut fossil-fueled power stations and may be the cheapest form of energy for the UK.Energy subsidies used to push up energy bills，but within a few years，cheap renewable energy will see them brought down for the first time.This is an astonishing development.”

The analysis for five countries in Europe，including the UK，focused on a series of government auctions(拍卖) for offshore wind farms between February 2015 and September 2019.Companies that want to build wind farms bid in the auctions by stating the price at which they will sell the energy they produce to the government.

These are known as “contracts for difference” or CfDs.If a company’s bid is higher than the wholesale electricity price on the UK market once the wind farm is up and running，then the company will receive a subsidy from the government to top up the price.

However，if the stated price(规定价格) is less than the wholesale price，then the company will pay the government back the difference.This payback is then passed through to consumers’ energy bills，reducing the amount that homes and businesses will pay for electricity.

The winning companies said they could build new offshore wind farms for around ￡40 per megawatt hour (MWh) of power.This was a new record set by these wind farms with bids 30 percent lower than just two years earlier.

5．The underlined words “top up” in Paragraph 6 probably mean “        ”．

A．make up   B．take up

C．cover   D．fill up

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。根据前文“subsidized(资助)”可知，名词subsidy意为“资助”，所以“the company will receive a subsidy from the government”是指这家公司会从政府得到资助，再根据 “If a company’s bid is higher than the wholesale electricity price on the UK market once the wind farm is up and running”可知，此处是指这家公司会从政府得到资助来弥补价格。由此可知top up意为“弥补”，和make up含义相同。故选A。

6．What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The renewable energy projects will lead to some complaining that clean energy is pushing up bills.

B．The company whose bid is less than the wholesale electricity price will receive a subsidy.

C．The stated electricity price is now higher than the wholesale electricity price.

D．Fossil-fueled power will be soon produced cheaply.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“Companies that want to build wind farms bid in the auctions by stating the price at which they will sell the energy they produce to the government.”可推知，目前国家规定的电价高于批发电价。故选C。

7．What is Dr Malte Jansen’s attitude towards the offshore wind farms?

A．Curious.   B．Pessimistic.

C．Indifferent.   D．Optimistic.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中Jansen博士说的话“Offshore wind power will soon be so cheap to produce that it will undercut fossil-fueled power stations and may be the cheapest form of energy for the UK.”可推知，他对海上风力发电场持乐观态度。故选D。

8．Where does this text probably come from?

A．A science fiction.   B．A financial magazine.

C．An advertisement.   D．A science report.

答案　B

解析　文章出处题。根据第一段可知，可再生能源项目，包括陆上和海上的风力和太阳能发电场，迄今一直受到政府支持计划的补贴。这导致一些人抱怨说，清洁能源正在推高账单。再结合后文的叙述可知，文章是关于金融经济的，最可能出自一份金融杂志。故选B。

C

Every four or five years，vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America.This phenomenon，El Niño(厄尔尼诺)，creates storms that cause devastating floods.The result is costly.In 2017，for instance，El Niño shut down northern Peru’s sugar-cane business.

Modern farmers view El Niño stoically(坚忍地)．They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones.But history suggests it need not be like that.In a paper published recently，Ari Caramanica，an archaeologist at University of the Pacific，in Lima，shows how it used to be done.And the answer seems to be，“better”．

Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan，a coastal desert plain in northern Peru.Pampa de Mocan is not ideal for farming.Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Niño years is usually less than two centimetres.Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.

It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did.But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms.Since the climate was similar to the present day’s when these canals were dug，and the river no higher，she supposed that they were intended to guide the floodwater arriving during Niño years.Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure (基础设施) of this area seems to have been built only for managing Niño-generated floodwater.

Evidence reveals that Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years.Dr Caramanica’s team also discovered two cisterns (蓄水池) in the area.These，possibly，were used to store floodwater.

These findings suggest that，rather than resisting El Niño，early farmers in Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived.Precisely how they managed their fields in Niño years remains to be discovered.But modern farmers might do well to learn from them.

9．What made the farms in Pampa de Mocan productive?

A．Rich soil.

B．Agreeable climate.

C．Abundant rainfall.

D．Agricultural constructions.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据第三段的“Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.”以及第四段最后一句可知，农业设施使Pampa de Mocan的农场产量高。故选D。

10．What’s the author’s attitude to the ancient ways of dealing with El Niño?

A．Approving.   B．Indifferent.

C．Critical.   D．Negative.

答案　A

解析　观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句和第五段内容可推断作者对于古代处理厄尔尼诺的方法是支持的。故选A。

11．What do we know about El Niño from the text?

A．It can be used in farming.

B．It is usually caused by floods.

C．It has little influence on business.

D．It is always resisted as a disaster.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，厄尔尼诺可以用于农业。故选A。

12．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Surviving El Niño

B．Living with El Niño

C．Farming in Different Times

D．Learning from History

答案　B

解析　标题归纳题。本文第三、四、五段介绍了古代农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺的，涉及与厄尔尼诺共生存这一方面，并号召现代农民向他们学习。故选B。

Ⅱ.七选五

What makes you cry？Being moved by a sad movie，waving a loved one off，or getting emotional after splitting up with your partner can all cause tears to roll down our faces.  1 

When you think about it，shedding tears from your eyes can cause embarrassment or confusion.But it seems to be an automatic reaction when we get sad or upset.  2   However，the feeling is the same—your cheeks puff up，your eyes tighten and before you know it，tears are streaming down your face.Some of us may weep a little while others might cry like a baby.

A study in the UK in 2017 found that women admitted they cry 72 times a year.This was，on average，more than men.Adam Rutherford，a leading researcher，says that the result has been pretty much consistent with previous research.  3   Are they just more embarrassed about showing their true feelings？The debate continues.

One place where we experience emotional and tearful outbursts is in the workplace.  4 Someone might be stressed with a heavy workload.And，as therapist Joanna Cross puts it，“Crying is often a build-up of frustration and undealt-with situations and it’s a bit of a final straw moment.” She describes how someone might start weeping when they’re just asked to make a cup of tea.Actually，their stress has accumulated to the breaking point.

But crying in the office or elsewhere can be an effective stress reliever.It can actually make you feel better.  5   Crying your eyes out shows others how you feel，so perhaps it’s owing to a crying shame that more of us，particularly men，don’t cry more often.

A．Then how do we cope with it?

B．This can be where emotions run high.

C．People reach their breaking point in different ways.

D．We all have the power to cry，but is that a good thing?

E．Maybe it dissolves or clears the negative feelings you’ve had.

F．What brings about this reaction differs from person to person.

G．But does this mean men don’t get as upset or emotional as women?

1．答案　D

解析　空前主要讲到了人们可能会因为这样或那样的原因哭泣，而第二段开头又讲到了人们哭的时候可能会引起尴尬或困惑，但哭泣是我们伤心或沮丧时的自然反应，因此空处讲到的应该是哭泣到底是好是坏，故D项符合语境。

2．答案　F

解析　空前一句讲到了哭泣是我们伤心或沮丧时的自然反应，F项中的“this reaction”与空前一句中的“an automatic reaction”呼应，以及F项中的“differs”对应下一句中的“the same”，代入F项后符合语境，故选F。

3．答案　G

解析　本段前两句讲到了女性一年中哭泣的次数以及与男性哭泣次数对比的情况，再结合语境可知，空处内容应与男性与女性哭泣相关，所以G项符合语境。

4．答案　B

解析　空前讲到了“我们经历情绪和眼泪爆发的一个场所是在工作场所中”，B项“这可能是情绪高涨的地方”符合语境，B项中的This指代前面的workplace。

5．答案　E

解析　空前讲到了“哭泣真的能让你感觉更好”，因此空处应该接着讲哭泣的好处，故E项符合语境。