(新高考)高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第四册 Unit 3　高考题型组合练 (含详解)

高考题型组合练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

British sculptor Jason Taylor has made it his mission to use his talent to conserve our ecosystems by creating underwater museums.Over the years，the environmentalist has put over 850 massive artworks underwater worldwide.On February 1,2021，Taylor launched his latest work—The Underwater Museum of Cannes.

“The main goal was to bring attention to the fact that our oceans need our help，” Taylor told Dezeen.“Ocean ecology has been destroyed by human activity in the Mediterranean over the past few decades，and it is not obvious what is taking place when observing the sea from afar.”

The Underwater Museum of Cannes contains 6 sculptures featuring local residents of various ages.They range from Maurice，an 80-year-old fisherman，to Anouk，a 9-year-old student.Towering over 6-feet-tall and weighing 10 tons，the faces are sectioned into two parts，with the outer part like a mask.The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.

Though the waters surrounding the sculptures now appear a pristine blue，the seabed was filled with old boat engines，pipes，and other human-made trash when the project began about four years ago.Besides removing the trash，Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass.Just one square meter of the seagrass can generate up to 10 liters of oxygen daily.The seagrass also helps prevent coastal erosion and provides habitats for many ocean creatures.

“The idea of creating an underwater museum was to draw more people underwater and develop a sense of care and protection，” Taylor told Dezeen.“If we threw unwanted waste near a forest，there would be a public outcry.But this is happening every day in our surrounding waters and it largely goes unnoticed.”

1．What are the underwater museums intended to do?

A．To make huge profits. B．To raise awareness of protecting the ocean.

C．To show Jason Taylor’s talent. D．To draw attention to endangered sea animals.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段Taylor所说的话可知，水下博物馆旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。故选B。

2．Why does the outer part of the sculptures look like a mask?

A．To popularize the features of the locals.

B．To remind people to protect themselves.

C．To reflect people’s protection of the ocean.

D．To stress the sensitiveness of the ecosystem.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The mask indicates that the world’s oceans appear powerful and unbeatable from the surface but house an ecosystem that is extremely fragile to careless human activities.”可知，雕塑的外部看起来像一个面具是为了强调生态系统的敏感性。故选D。

3．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．How the project was started.

B．How the seagrass was restored.

C．What recovery effort the project made.

D．Why the surroundings were improved.

答案　C

解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中“Besides removing the trash，Taylor also restored the area’s seagrass.”可知，该段主要讲了该项目对海洋环境的恢复做出了很大的努力。故选C。

4．What can we infer from what Jason Taylor said in the last paragraph?

A．The situation of the ocean is easily ignored.

B．The destruction caused to the ocean is noticeable.

C．Forests play a more important role in ecosystems.

D．People have zero tolerance to damage done to nature.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。最后一段中Taylor讲道：如果我们在森林附近扔垃圾，会引起公众的强烈抗议。但这种情况每天都在我们周围的水域发生，而且很大程度上被忽视了。由此可推断出，Taylor想表达的观点是：海洋的处境很容易被忽视。故选A。

B

Today，China has conducted its first 3D printing experiment in space in a newly launched spacecraft，which was put into low-Earth orbit by China’s Long March 5B heavy-lift carrier rocket.

Video broadcast on CCTV showed that the printer has printed a flat section of a honeycomb-shaped(蜂巢状的) structure as well as a symbol of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp，the parent company of the China Academy of Space Technology.The experiment was done by a 3D printer，developed and built by its Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factory，inside the prototype of China’s new-generation manned spacecraft.

The printer，named the Space-Based Composite Material 3D Printing System，uses carbon fiber-reinforced materials to autonomously print objects.It is installed in the re-entry module of the experimental spaceship，and will be brought back to Earth once the module returns.

The printer features advanced technologies in material modeling，precision control and automation.Once the space-based 3D printing technology becomes operationally ready，it can extensively benefit space programs as astronauts can use it to manufacture a lot of things they currently need to obtain from resupply flights by cargo spacecraft.

Wang Yanan，editor-in-chief of the Aerospace Knowledge magazine，said the 3D printer will be very useful in extended space missions，such as those in a space station，because it will allow astronauts to make components quickly and conveniently in space.The technology will save future space journeys considerable resources and costs.

In fact，the device is not the only representative of 3D printing onboard the Prototype.

A CubeSat deployer，designed and made through 3D printing by CoSats Space Technology，is also carried by the spacecraft to check the adaptability of 3D-printed equipment in space.CoSats Chief Operating Officer Bai Ruixue said the 3D-printed deployer is much lighter and stronger than its counterparts and it will have huge potential in the space industry.

5．What did the video broadcast on CCTV show to the audience?

A．The process and the products of the 3D printing.

B．The name and the shape of the 3D printer.

C．The significance of the 3D printing technology.

D．The relationship between the two companies.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。文章的第二段首句提到中央电视台视频报道了这台打印机打印出了一个蜂窝状结构的平面部分以及中国航天科技集团公司的标志。由此可知，中央电视台视频播放的是3D打印的过程以及产品。故选A。

6．What if a component is broken in the space station now?

A．It has to be sent by spaceship back to Earth for repair.

B．The astronauts can fix it conveniently by hand on the spot.

C．The astronauts can make one using 3D printing and replace it.

D．It has to be unloaded and abandoned in space.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Once the space-based 3D printing technology becomes operationally ready，it can extensively benefit space programs as astronauts can use it to manufacture a lot of things they currently need to obtain from resupply flights by cargo spacecraft.”可以推测，一旦空间站有组件坏掉了，可以用3D打印机打印出来并替换上。故选C。

7．What does the underlined “those” in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A．The 3D printers. B．The magazines.

C．The space missions. D．Astronauts.

答案　C

解析　代词指代题。根据画线词上文的“the 3D printer will be very useful in extended space missions...”可知，those指代的是上文提到的space missions，所以选C项。

8．Why is the last paragraph mentioned?

A．To introduce the CubeSat deployer produced in space.

B．To explain the advantages of 3D printing in space.

C．To show the adaptability of 3D printing in space.

D．To indicate a bright future of 3D printing in space.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“CoSats Chief Operating Officer Bai Ruixue said the 3D-printed deployer is much lighter and stronger than its counterparts and it will have huge potential in the space industry.”可知，写最后一段的目的是讲述3D打印技术运用于航天事业有巨大的潜力。故选D。

Ⅱ.完形填空

In Bothell，Washington.First，somebody showed up with balloons.Then a   1  .Then a big Happy Birthday banner   2   next to the Beca’s Coffee stand.And people just kept showing up.It was a party—just as Beca had imagined for her friend Jack.May 10 was his birthday，and she wanted to   3   him.

Jack,32，born with developmental disabilities loves people.Beca,30，thought he was wonderful.So she   4   an arrangement：If he showed up every day for an hour and chatted with the customers at her drive-through window，she’d give him a free drink.Pretty soon，an hour turned into the whole day.Beca gave him a(n)   5  .“It’s   6  ，” Jack told KOMO News.“I love chatting with people here，and she pays me a lot of money！”

  7  ，not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm.“One customer was extremely8  ，” she says.  9   this，she posted Jack’s story on a community blog and also mentioned his approaching birthday.Without any planning，  10   showed up to celebrate his birthday，and he11everyone with a hug.

Inspired by the spontaneous(自发的) good spirit，Beca suggested Bothell   12   every May 10 as Cup of Kindness Day.The city agreed.On the first Cup of Kindness Day，Beca   13   her shop and delivered cookies to police officers，  14  ，teachers and others “who serve other people”．

If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell，just head over to Beca’s.You know your drink will come with something extra-special：  15  .

1．A.cake   B．card

C．phone   D．gift

答案　A

解析　根据下文中的“Then a big Happy Birthday banner...for her friend Jack.”可知，此处表示给Jack过生日，过生日应该有一个生日蛋糕。故选A。

2．A.expanded   B．displayed

C．produced   D．stretched

答案　D

解析　根据语境可知，此处指“展开”一个(写着)生日祝福的条幅。故选D。

3．A.force   B．define

C．surprise   D．teach

答案　C

解析　根据上文中的“just as Beca had imagined for her friend Jack.May 10 was his birthday”及语境可知，此处指Beca想给Jack一个惊喜，让他开心。故选C。

4．A.delayed   B．proposed

C．cancelled   D．exchanged

答案　B

解析　根据下文中的“an arrangement”及下文语境可知，Beca“提议”，如果Jack每天都去Beca的摊位窗口跟顾客聊天一小时，她就会免费提供给Jack一杯咖啡。故选B。

5．A.break   B．idea

C．career   D．raise

答案　D

解析　根据下文“I love chatting with people here，and she pays me a lot of money！”可知，因为Jack与顾客聊天的时间由原本的一小时变为了一整天，所以Beca给他“涨”了工资。故选D。

6．A.normal   B．demanding

C．awesome   D．embarrassing

答案　C

解析　根据语境可知，因为Jack说他喜欢跟顾客们聊天，而且Beca付给他很多工资，所以，Jack觉得这真是“太棒了”。故选C。

7．A.Consequently   B．However

C．Instead   D．Finally

答案　B

解析　根据上文语境及下文中的“not everybody appreciated Jack’s enthusiasm”可知，Jack喜欢跟大家交谈，“然而”，并不是所有的顾客都喜欢他的热情。故选B。

8．A.disrespectful   B．dishonest

C．dishonorable   D．disabled

答案　A

解析　根据语境可知，并不是所有的顾客都喜欢Jack的热情，有一个顾客对他极其“不尊重”。故选A。

9．A.Upset about   B．Fond of

C．Related to   D．Skeptical about

答案　A

解析　根据语境可知，因为有的顾客不尊重Jack，所以Beca对此感到很“难过”。故选A。

10．A.citizens   B．colleagues

C．strangers   D．neighbours

答案　D

解析　根据上文中的“she posted Jack’s story on a community blog”可知，Beca在社区博客上发表了文章，社区的“邻居们”都来为Jack庆祝生日。故选D。

11．A.met   B．drove

C．greeted   D．addressed

答案　C

解析　根据语境及下文中的“everyone with a hug”可知，Jack通过给出席他生日聚会的每个人一个拥抱的方式来“问候”他们。故选C。

12．A.regard   B．establish

C．treat   D．use

答案　B

解析　根据上文中的“Inspired by the spontaneous(自发的) good spirit”和下文中的“every May 10 as Cup of Kindness Day”“The city agreed.”可知，正因为Beca受到这种自发的善行的鼓舞，所以她才会向政府提议将每年的5月10日“设立”为Cup of Kindness Day。故选B。

13．A.recommended   B．donated

C．shared   D．closed

答案　D

解析　根据下文中的“delivered cookies to police officers，        ，teachers and others ‘who serve other people’”可知，在第一个Cup of Kindness Day，Beca“关闭”了门店，自愿给那些为别人服务的人送去曲奇饼干。故选D。

14．A.shoppers   B．drivers

C．firefighters   D．walkers

答案　C

解析　根据下文中的“who serve other people”可推知，此处应选择为人们服务的人。故选C。

15．A.respect   B．kindness

C．love   D．calmness

答案　B

解析　根据上文“If you want a cup of coffee in Bothell，just head over to Beca’s.”及语境可知，饮品中含有一些特别的东西：善意。故选B。

Ⅲ.语法填空

What is it like to live in a cave once inhabited(居住) by ancient civilizations? Zhang Youbin and his wife have the answer.

Zhang is from a village in Guizhou Province.The local government entrusts him and his wife with 1.         care of the ancient Hongyan cliff paintings(岩画)，2.         decorate the cave located deep in mountains.

The cliff paintings，first 3.        (find) in 1991，have a history of over 6,000 years.Most patterns have become unclear over the years.Those still recognizable show cows，palm prints，pigs and people.Experts say the paintings are very specific 4.         have high artistic value.

In 2015，the couple settled there 5.        (protect) the paintings.Back then，the road leading to the site was extremely narrow and dangerous in some sections.So Zhang was determined to widen the road.It 6.        (take) him two months to dig and build the roadbed with stones.“The road is now much 7.        (easy) for people to walk on，” he said.

The couple’s major 8.        (responsible) is preventing those without authorization from entering the protected area in case the paintings are damaged.To save their commuting(往返) time，the couple established a temporary home in a cave near the paintings.

9．        (spend) six years guarding the paintings，Zhang is very familiar with them.“I know the exact location and every detail of each painting.They are our cultural treasures and I feel greatly honored to protect them，” he said 10.        (proud)．

1．答案　the

解析　考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处表示对古老的红岩岩画的照看，为特指，用定冠词the限定care。故填the。

2．答案　which

解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“the ancient Hongyan cliff paintings”，作从句部分的主语，且表示物，用关系代词which引导。故填which。

3．答案　found

解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作“The cliff paintings”的后置定语，“The cliff paintings”与find构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填found。

4．答案　and

解析　考查连词。分析可知have和上文的are为并列的谓语动词，应用and连接。故填and。

5．答案　to protect

解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，“settled there”的目的是“protect the paintings”，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to protect。

6．答案　took

解析　考查动词时态。根据语境可知，本句为一般过去时，且为固定句型“It takes/took sb.＋一段时间＋to do sth.”。故填took。

7．答案　easier

解析　考查形容词比较级。根据空前的now和much可知，此处是对这条路的今昔作了对比，应用形容词easy的比较级形式。故填easier。

8．答案　responsibility

解析　考查词性转换。空处作句子的主语，用responsible的名词形式，is提示用单数。故填responsibility。

9．答案　Having spent

解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的状语，且花费六年时间守护在前，张友斌对于画作熟悉在后，此处用现在分词的完成式。位于句首，首字母大写。故填Having spent。

10．答案　proudly

解析　考查词性转换。空处应为副词修饰动词said，故用proud的副词形式。故填proudly。