2023省齐齐哈尔八校联合体高一上学期期中考试英语含答案

2022-2023学年度上学期八校联合体期中试卷

高一英语试题

注意事项：

1、本试题卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

2、答题前，考生在答题卡上务必使用直径0.5 毫木黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

3、每小题选山答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What does the woman mean?

A.She doesn't know Wei Dong.

B.Wei Dong is her good friend now.

C.Wei Dong is no longer her good friend.

2.When does the man's plane take off?

A.At 6:30.

B.At 7:00.

C.At 8:00.

3.Where does the conversation most probably happen?

A.At home.

B.In a restaurant.

C.In a library.

4.Why does the woman want to go to America?

A.To attend a program.

B.T o visit some friends.

C.To attend a conference.

5.What does the man mean?

A.The woman had better invite John to join the band.

B.John is a good guitarist but he is too busy.

C.He can join the band cach Tuesday.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.What's the woman doing?

A.She's offering a gift to the man.

B.She's having dinner at home.

C.She's asking for a favor.

7.What is the man doing when the woman calls?

A.He is moving a box.

B.He is having a meal.

C.He is working upstairs.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.What does the man ask the woman to do?

A.To play ping-pong with him.

B. To help with his housework.

C.To see the new house.

9.What would the man do for the woman?

A.Carry some books in a box to her new house.

B.Buy something for her new house.

C.Find a man to help the woman.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.What do we know about the woman?

A.She is satisfied with her new apartment.

B.She likes taking the bus.

C.She has a small house.

11.How did the man go to school?

A.On foot.

B.By bus.

C.By car.

12.Why was the man's teacher late for work?

A.She missed the bus.

B.Her train was late.

C.Her car broke down.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Where does the conversation most probably take place?

A.In a hotel.

B.In a club.

C. At a party

14.On which floor is the Night Club located?

A.The 1st floor.

B.The 2 nd floor.

C.The 3 rd floor.

15.When does the Night Club close on Saturdays?

A.At 8:30 am.

B.At 1:00 am.

C.At 3:00 am.

16.What are the requirements for the clothes?

A.Gentlemen must wear shirts but ladies can wear what they like.

B.Ladies are required to wear dresses or skirts.

C.There is no requirement for the clothes.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17.Why does the speaker write this letter?

A.Because she is the teacher of the two children.

B.Because she will be away until next Friday.

C.Because she will be away until next Sunday

18.What day is it today?

A.Friday.

B.Wednesday.

C.Saturday.

19.What is the boy's name?

A.Tom Green.

B.Peter Green.

C.Philip Green.20.What should they hand in next Friday?

A.Review papers

B.Homework

C.Exam papers

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Hong Kong Science Museum

You might really like this museum if you are interested in science. Hong Kong Science Museum wants to teach kids science and give them a place to have fun with computers. Kids like running around and playing with the equipment there. However, adults can learn some knowledge, too.

Since its opening in April,1991,Hong Kong Science Museum has presented itself to be a good place for science learning. Through having better exhibits and fun science programs in an enjoyable environment, the museum wants to popularize science to the public and support science education in schools. Visitors at the science museum can visit the exhibition in their own way and enjoy the fun of discovery learning.

The museum is 6,500 m' and has over 500 exhibits and nearly 70 percent of them are suitable for visitors of all ages. Among them, the best exhibit is the largest equipment of its kind in the world: the Energy Machine. Another attraction is the DC-3 airplane which is the first local airliner and the first exhibit moved into the museum building. The museum also has a 745 m' Special Exhibition Hall, a 295-seat Lecture Hall, a Classroom, a Computer Classroom,a Laboratory and a Resource Centre. Other ancillary facilities（附属设施）include a Gift Shop and a Bookshop.

Apart from permanent（永久的）exhibitions，the museum regularly presents some temporary exhibitions on all kinds of topics related to science and modern technology. The museum also organizes and develops lots of extension activities and educational programs for the public. If you want to have a visit, you’d better read the following information carefully.

Opening hours

Monday to Wednesday and Friday:10:00 am-7:00pm

Saturday, Sunday and Public Holidays:10:00 am-9:00 pm

Christmas Eve and Chinese New Year's Eve:10:00am-5:00pm

Closed on Thursday and the two days before the

Chinese New Year's Eve

Ticket information:

Standard Ticket:S30

Concessionary（特惠的）Ticket：S15

Free for kids under 4 years old

Free on Wednesday

21.What can we infer from the passage?

A.Hong Kong Science Museum aims at offering happy holidays to adults.

B. Both adults and kids can learn things in Hong Kong Science Museum.

C.Kids in Hong Kong Science Museum arc encouraged to help others.

D.Hong Kong Science Museum offers free lunch to kids under 4 years old.

22.What does Hong Kong Science Muscum work on

A.Helping poor kids learn about real science.

B.Making all exhibits suitable for visitors of all ages.

C.Setting up all kinds of ancillary facilities.

D.Making science popular among the public.

23.What can we learn from the passage?

A.Visitors cannot visit the science museum at 8 pm on weekends.

B.The concessionary ticket is prepared for people with disabilities.

C.Visitors cannot visit Hong Kong Science Museum on Thursday.

D.People can buy the museum's concessionary tickets on Wednesday.

B

When asking for money,teens usually spend money in eating and having fun. But Garland Benson,a 14-year-old in Austin,Texas,asks for money to help his sister,Christiane.

Garland is trying to raise SI million to help cover the cost of starting a clinical trial 临床试验）to develop a treatment for Batten discase that can cause blindness.Christiane was found having Batten disease at age 5,and she was 15 in2018.

"It's $I million that I'm going to raise by myself,” Garland told KXAN."My first goal was to get 100,000 people to give S10 each,and I can do that by spreading it on social media,getting people to donate $10 until 10 people and then keep goinglike that and finally I'll get there."

Garland's $1 million plan,called “Be a Hero!",started in February,2017.He has nearly reached his goal and he has raised S869,525.He has used school projects and even at school-based group of brothers called "Brothers for Batten" who do things like garage sales to raise the money.

Christiane hasn't allowed Batten disease to keep her from experiencing life.She still goes skiing with her family，rides horses and is a part of her school＇s cheerleading squad（啦）

Garland and Christiane's parents,Charlotte and Craig,started the Beyond Batten Disease Foundation in 2008 in the hope of funding a clinical trial for treatments that may slow the progress of Batten disease.Mom Charlotte is proud of both her kids for doing what they can to help each other and others with Batten disease.

24.Why does Garland Benson want to raise $1 million?

A.To collect money for his daily fun.

B.To pay for his and his sister's schooling

C.To help fight his sister's disease.

D.To fund a research into a deadly disease.

25.What can we know about Garland Benson's" Be a Hero!"?

A.It has nearly succeeded.

B.It is a school-based group of brothers.

C.It helps slow the progress of Batten disease.

D.It is a website designed for people with Batten disease.

26.What words can best describe Christiane?

A.Cheerful and brave.

B.Clever but depressed.

C.Active and hard-working

D.Unfortunate but positive.

27.What can we learn about Christiane's mother?

A.She takes pride in her children.

B.Her efforts to fund a clinical trial failed.

C.She is proud of her children's achievement in study.

D.She once turned to the Beyond Batten Disease Foundation.

C

Stephen Hillenburg,the US cartoon maker whose childhood summers on an island later made him create the famous cartoon＂SpongeBob SquarePants（《海绵宝宝》）＂，passed away at the age of 57.

Hillenburg was interested in the ocean as a child and developed a love for art.He studied Natural Resource Planning at college,and especially showed interest in sea resources."One day 1 decided that if I was going to do a show on animals, I'd do a show about undersea animals-all the ones that I'm interested in and know a lot about,"Hillenburg told“Entertainment Weekly””in2010. "I focused on the sponge because it's one of the more unusual creatures.”

Although he wasn't sure whether people would like a cartoon about the ocean,he kept on working on it."We just try to make ourselves laugh,and then ask if it's fit for children.Hillenburgtold The Associated Press SpongeBob is an innocent（纯真的人）in this show.And all the other characters in the show are just like ordinary people in the world they have all the advantages and disadvantages as human beings：kind，optimistic，determined（意志坚定的），shy but sometimes caring about only themselves and lazy.Sometimes they are looking forward to a better life through good luck but not hard work.They are dreaming of becoming rich overnight.

Everyone can find parts of himself or herself in the characters. Perhaps that is why it is so popular around the world. SpongeBob is popular because he attracts not only children but older viewers as well,including college students.Children like SpongeBob's innocence,teenagers and young adults love the show's humor,while the middle-aged and the even elders enjoy it as part of meme（表情包）culture.What Hillenburg Probably didn＇t conjecture was that the life of this "innocent"character in his underwater hometown would be such a success.There have been nearly 250 episodes（集）to date． It has won several Emmy Awards，and has been shown in more than 60 languages.

The show's most important message,Hillenburg once said,"is that innocence wins all difficulties which I don't think it always does in real life".

28.What is the second paragraph mainly about

A.The interest of Stephen Hillenburg in the ocean.

B.Stephen Hillenburg's preference for the sponge.

C.Stephen Hillenburg's major at university.

D.The background of the birth of "SpongeBob SquarePants"

29.What are the two rules when Stephen Hillenburg worked on “SpongeBob SquarePants"?

A.Beautiful and low cost.

B.Educational and real.

C.Amusing and suitable for kids.

D.Impressive and unusual.

30.Why is “SpongeBob SquarePants' so popular around the world?

A.Because all the viewers can find parts of themselves in it.

B.Because every character in it has its own advantages.

C.Because Stephen Hillenburg was a famous cartoon maker.

D.Because it was translated into more than 60 languages.

31.What does the underlined word "conjecture" in Para5 mean?

A.Complain.

B.Guess.

C.Remember.

D.Advise.

D

It’s the harvest（收获）scason in many parts of the world，but on the farm of Harper Adams University in the U.K.,it is robots-not humans that are doing all the heavy lifting.

At Hands Free Hectare,an experimental farm run by a group of researchers,about 5 tons of spring barley（大麦）have been harvested from the world＇s first robotically tended farm.Everything from start to finish，including seeding。fertilizing（施肥），collecting patterns and harvesting，has been done by unmanned equipment,according to the researchers.The team behind the project thinks that robotic technology could improve production in agriculture,which would be necessary if the world's growing population is to be fed in coming years.

The researchers dealt with this problem by using agriculture machines available on the market and software that is used to guide autopilot drones（无人机）.The researchers bought several small-size agricultural machines， including a tractor and a combine（联合收割机），a machine for harvesting crops.“The first stage was to make them radio controlled,"said Jonathan Gill,a head researcher,who led the project. "This was our first step towards the driverless goal.From that point, we moved on to preprogram all the actions that needed to be performed into the driverless system. ＂To monitor the field and take patterns of the plants，the researchers developed special grippers（夹持器）attached to the autopilot drones.As the drones fly above the field，the grippers can cut off

some patterns and take them to the researchers.

The scientists said the robotic technology could enable future farmers to more exactly use fertilizers and farm chemicals,but also lead to improvements in soil quality.Currently,many farmers rely on very large and heavy machines.They cover large areas of ground quickly, but it comes with mistakes.In the future,farmers would make use of smaller robotic tractors and harvesters.

The Harper Adams University team plans to use the robotically harvested spring barley to make limited “hands-free" beer that will be offered to the project's supporters as a symbol of thanks.

32.What do the robotic machines do on the experimental farm?

A.Most heavy lifting among the process of farming.

B.All the farming work from seeding to harvesting.

C.Operating the large machine to harvest spring barley.

D.Cooperating with a combine to make a plan.

33.What can robotic technology do on farming according to the passage?

A.Improve the quality of spring barley

B.Make harvest done without using machines.

C.Save money for the local government each year.

D.Increase production in agriculture to feed more people.

34.What can we learn  about the first stage of the research project described in the passage?

A.The agriculture machines come with some mistakes.

B.The researchers made needed machines by themselves.

C.The agriculture machines were controlled by the radio.

D.The researchers learned advanced agricultural knowledge.

35.How will the Harper Adams University team deal with the robotically harvested spring barley?

A.Making some presents with it for local scientists.

B.Baking cakes to sell on the market.

C.Advertising it as a successful symbol.

D.Making beer for the project's supporters.

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Why do people throw stuffed animals（毛绒动物玩具）at figure skaters？

Moments after figure skaters finish their program, crazy fans throw gifts onto the ice.36 As NBC Sports reports, Sasha Cohen was once given several cashmere sweaters; Canada’s Elvis Stojko and Parick Chan have walked away with swimsuits; Debi Thomas even got a box of Domino's pizza after her performance at the 1987 world championships.

Flowers and clothing aside,the post-program offerings are mostly stuffed animals.37    though it's not clear exactly how or when this custom began.First,flowers,once the go-to item to throw to skaters,are dirty.The “cleaners"--the kids who skate around collecting all the gifts between the programs have a much easier time picking these stuffed toys up than hurriedly clearing every petal（花瓣）and leaf away that fell off the flowers.

38，In 1989，US Figure Skating banned（禁止）sports halls hosting national championships from selling flowers.And ahead of the 2002 national championships, the organization completely forbade fans from bringing their own flowers to the halls at all.“39.Even when they're wrapped, the petal and leaf fall out and become a disaster," Larry Kriwanek, chair of the event's organizing committee, said. Instead，fans could buy already-authorized（已授权的）stuffed animals inside the halls and show their favorite skaters with those.

There's another benefit of choosing a stuffed animal40 “We sometimes will get stuffed animals made in custom costumes to match what we're wearing.” American ice dancer Meryl Davis said. It turns out that skaters often do try to take especially meaningful or thoughtful gifts home with them.

A.Flowers have always been a problem

B.It's only a matter of time before the flowers disappear

C.People wonder why they don't throw something good

D.There have surely been some strange ones over the years

E.Some organizations have managed to discourage the practice in the past

F.Fans are given the opportunity to choose presents that seem more personal

G.There are a couple of factors（因素）that help explain why it＇s so popular

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

It’s the textbook beginning of a nightmare（量梦）：lost on a hiking trip，with no water，and an injured dog too heavy to carry.41 for the family of three this story happened to, they ran into a boy scout（童子军）.

For JD,Aimce,and their dog Smokey, a two-mile hike had become a seven-mile 42 on the Waimanu Trail.That was when they43 12-year-old David King and his mom Christine. ＂We asked ＇do you need any help？ They said’ yeah，’ and they showed us the dog’s paws（爪子）had some cuts on them, "David said. "When the dog walked, it would just be really44

David was just three miles short of getting his 15-mile-hike merit badge（荣誉徽章），but despite having done that, David decided to lend a(n)45

First，he suggested they build a stretcher（担架）by using two lengths of wood and 46 their T-shirts across the wood-a 47 David had learned from his elder brother.” We didn't think it would 48 because we didn't think the dog would get onto the stretcher. Smokey was just49 _to, and we just carried him out,"  said Christine.

David knew the way back to the parking lot, and so they all worked 50 ,sometimes in twos, sometimes in fours,to get Smokey to safety, who despite his51              _sometimes jumped off to help the tired 52 to take a break.              53 it was dark,they              54              the parking lot two hours later.Though he didn't 55              the merit badge, he was proud of himself.

41. A. Finally B. Fortunately C. Impressively D. Clearly

42. A.nightmare    B.dream C.match D.ride

43. A.got along with B.caught up with  C.came across D.looked tor

44. A.comfbrtable B.annoying C-scared D.painriil

45. A.hand B.ear C.car D.house

46. A.cutting B.tying C.covering D.putting

47. A.tradition B.trick C.skill D.theory

48. A.work B.behave C.fail D.finish

49. A.curious R.relaxed C.happy D.disappointed

50. A.unwillingly B.secretly C.alone D.together

51. A. cffbrts B.injuries C.nature D.laziness

52. A.pcts B.doctors C.coaches D.hikers

53. A.As B.if C.Unless D.Though

54. A.escaped from B.took over C.rctunied to   D.broke into

55. A.accept B.examine C.buy D.gd

第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Traditionally，we Chinese attach great importance to（依恋）our hometown and are often56 (willing)to migrate to other places. However, in present times, in particular after the reform and opening-up policy was introduced, more and more people feel like 57(settle)down in more developed cities just as my family members did.

My parents were both in Sichuan.  In 1963,a time when 58 （graduate）were assigned（被任命的）jobs by the government， my father received a job in Beijing．After I was born in 1969，my parents went to work in Xinjiang.

In the 1980s,Chinese society was filled with hope, and people worked hard to achieve their dreams. So did my family. In 1988,admitted59_Renmin University of China, I went to Beijing. It took me 72 hours by train60(travel)from Xinjiang to Beijing, with a distance of over 3,770 kilometers. In 1990, my brother also passed the entrance              61 (exam)and chose his favorite major and he was enrolled in a university in Guangzhou,              62              he now lives and works.

Recalling the changes over the past four decades, I think 63   (improve)transportation is very important to our family. The long distance kept us apart most of the time. Today.              64 speed and methods of transportation have been improved a lot, which has                            65 (entire)transformed our life and can bring us together easily.

第四部分 语言知识综合运用（共两节，满分25分）

第一节（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）

66.1t is impossible for me to m              so many new words in such a short time.

67.    (judge)from her last letter, they had a wonderful time there.

68.Every weekend, some         （志愿者）go to help the old in the village.

69.The car broke down on the road so there must be something wrong with the e      ?

70.The old man was sent to the nearest hospital because of high blood p     

71.It is at    for Chinese people to eat dumplings during the Spring Festival.

72.As you       （走近）the down，you’ll see the college on the left.

73.Students have the     （选择）of studying abroad in their second year.

74.He     （忽视）all the “No smoking” signs and still smoked in public， which made others very angry.

75.Some families have lived here for        （代代）。

76.    （明显地），the student didn’t listen to his teacher carefully.

77.Jogging has a very     （积极的）impact on our body.

78.The     （全部的）income of the family couldn’t afford the rent for the house.

79.The homeless man was found wandering in the street        （无目的地）

80.We are quite impressed with the drama p     by the foreign actors and actresses.

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

81.With so many problems                 （解决）I couldn’t go out at all.

82.             （假设）it rains tomorrow，what shall we do？

83.He is currently          （关注）the development of the company.

84.The little boy is so shy that he doesn’t know how to                （交流）strangers.

85.We had been waiting for him for a long time, yet he didn't              （出现）

第五部分 写作（满分15分）

假如你是李楠，你的澳大利亚Peter将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件，内容包括：

1．到达时间：

2．合适的礼物；

3．餐桌礼仪。

注意：1．词数80左右：

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

八校联合体高一期中英语试卷答案

第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）

1-5 CCBAA  6-10 CBAAA  11-15 BCACC   16-20 BBCBA

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

21-25 BDCCA 

26-30 DADCA

31-35 BBDCD

36-40 DGEAF

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

41-45 BACDA

46-50 BCACD

51-55 BDACD

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

56.unwilling

61.examination

57.settling

58.graduates

59. to/into

60.to travel

61. examination

62.where

63.improved

64.the

65.entirely

第四部分 语言知识综合运用（共两节，满分25分）

66.memoriz(s)e

67.Judging

68.volunteers

69.engine

70.pressure

71.tradition

72.approach

73.option

74.ignored

75.generations

76.Obviously

77.positive

78.entire

79.aimlessly

80.performed

81.to settle/solve

82.Assuming that

83.focusing on

84communicate with

85.turn/show up

第五部分 写作（满分15分）

Dear Peter,

Learning that you're coming to visit one of your Chinese friends, I'm now writing to tell you some relevant details.

Generally speaking, your arrival shouldn't be later than the fixed time. A few minutes earlier is the best. Besides, you’d better bring some small gifts, such as a special food or drink from your country. Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. The host will like it if you have learned to use chopsticks.

I hope these suggestions would be helpful to you. I'm sure you will have a great time.

Yours,

Li Nan

听力原文

Text 1

M:Do you know Wei Dong very well. Mary?

W:Yes,I do. We were good friends in high school, but now we even don't talk to each other. Text 2

M:My flight will take off at 8 o'clock. And it will take me an hour to get to the airport.

W:You'd better leave earlier. The road will be very busy at 7 o'clock.

Text 3

M:May I take your order now?

W:Thank you. But I'm waiting for someone to join me.

Text 4M:What's the purpose of your visit?

W:I am a student. I will be attending an English learning program at a university in the USA. Text 5

W:We need a person to join our jazz band. Do you want to join us each Tuesday?

M:I've a lot of work to do, but John is free and he's good at music.

Text 6

W:Mike,is that you?

M:Yes,Lucy.Is there anything I can do for you?

W:Sorry to ring you up. But I am carrying my new computer. I am afraid I can't lift it by myself. Could you help me to get it upstairs?

M:Sure.Could you wait a moment for me to finish my meal?

W:Yes,of course. But please hurry. The box is getting in the way.

M:Don't worry. I’ll be right down.

Text 7

M:Could you play ping-pong with me this afternoon?

W:Sorry,I have to help my parents. We are going to move our house this afternoon.

M:Where is the new house? Is it far from here?

W:No,it isn't far. It's near our old one.

M:Fine.Can I help you?

W:Good!Thank you.

M:What can I do for you?

W:Help me put the books in this big box and carry it to my new house.

Text 8

M:Hi,Kate,how's your new apartment?

W:It's very good. It’s big and it also has a bathroom and a kitchen.

M:How far is it from your school?

W:It takes me about 15 minutes.

M:15 minutes? By bike or by car?

W:On foot. I walked to school this morning. I was 10 minutes early

M:You are lucky. I was 10 minutes late. All the buses came late.

W:What did your teacher say?

M:She didn't come on time either. There was something wrong with her car on the way.

W:Well,then,you're really lucky after all.

Text 9

M:Excuse me, could you tell me how I can get to the club from my room?

W:That's simple, sir. You just take the lift to the third floor. Turn right when you step out of the lift. The Night Club is right at the end of the hall.

M:Thank you. And when does it open?

W:It opens at 8:30 in the evening.

M:When does it close?

W:lt closes at I o'clock in the morning from Sunday through Friday and at 3 o'clock in the morning on Saturdays.

M:Are there any requirements for the clothes we wear?

W:Yes,sir.Gentlemen must wear shirts and ladies are required to wear dresses or skirts.

M:Thank you for your information..

W:You are welcome and hope you can enjoy your stay here.

Text 10

My dear boy and girl:

I should be on the way to the capital to attend an important meeting when you read this letter. I won't be back until next Friday, so I write to tell you of the housework and your homework. Next Saturday, a week from today, is the mid-term exam, so you mustn't play all day when I am not at home. Susan Green, you should clean the bedrooms every day, and Peter you should wash dishes after having meals. Besides, you have to hand in your review papers when l come back. Please remember these carefully.