高考英语书面表达——概要写作之说明文要点提取 课件

这是一份高考英语书面表达——概要写作之说明文要点提取 课件，共22页。PPT课件主要包含了writing ，并列关系，转折关系，因果关系，解释关系，tips等内容，欢迎下载使用。

A primary prblem in summary writing
the definitin f expsitin : (1) intrduce a real bject ( a dictinary, a bk… ) 实体事物说明 (2) explain an abstract thing (a research，a prblem… ) 抽象事理说明
Step1. Identify the style 识别文体
Ⅱ.Strategies
Step 2: Cnstruct the texxxxxxxxxxtual patterns 建构篇章模式 ()()
1. 问题—解决模式（prblem—slutin pattern）: 提供情景---提出问题---对问题的反应---评价/结果 2. 概括—具体模式 ( general—specific pattern ): 概括陈述---具体陈述1--具体陈述2---具体陈述3---具体陈述N---概括陈述 3. 提问—回答模式（questin—answer pattern）: 设置一个用提问方式表达的问题---寻求答案
Tpic paragraph （主旨段）: raise a prblem/ phenmenn/research result Supprting paragraphs（支撑段）: analyze the prblem/phenmenn/result ( cncluding paragraph（总结段）: cnclude/ suggest/ prvide measures )
cause 1 cause 2 effect cause…
演绎型（deductive type）( the English thinking pattern）
Tpic sentence fr a passage:
Step 3: Ppresuppse the psitins f tpic sentences 预设主题句位置
Tpic sentence fr a paragraph:
(1) in the beginning paragraph; (2) behind “but/ hwever”
(1) in the beginning/ middle/ end f a paragraph (2) behind “but/ hwever”
Example 1： ①Rapid plice respnse is seen by plice fficers and the public as ffering great benefits.②The mre bvius nes are the abilities f plice t apply first aid life saving techniques quickly, and the greater pssibility f arresting peple wh may have participated in a crime. ③It aids in identifying thse wh witnessed an emergency r crime as well as in cllecting evidence. ④The fame f a plice department t is raised if rapid respnse is cnsistent and this prmtes the preventin f crime.
Find the tpic sentences in the fllwing paragraphs
Example 2： ①Karake,which was invented by a Japanese, is ne f the greatest wnders f mdern technlgy. ②Needless t say, Karake is a gd way f rest. ③Yu can learn a new sng easily. ④It’s als a gd way t make yur friends happy. ⑤Nearly every bdy has a chance t be a singing star. ⑥Hwever, everything has tw sides, s des Karake. ⑦It’s nisy t yur neighbrs. ⑧Besides, if yu sing badly, they will feel uncmfrtable. ⑨In fact, yu are sure t make a sund pllutin.
Example 1： ①Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are s frmal with them. ②Japanese might feel insulted because American friends greet them casually.③Still, the frms f greeting in bth cuntries nly shw respect fr thers. ④It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way f lking at human relatinships and thus have a different way shwing respect.
Example 3： ①Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are s frmal with them. ②Japanese might feel insulted because American friends greet them casually.③Still, the frms f greeting in bth cuntries nly shw respect fr thers. ④It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way f lking at human relatinships and thus have a different way shwing respect.
Step 4. Clarify the lgic using transitins and cnfirm mtpic sentences 利用衔接词，理清句间逻辑，确定主题句
并列/递进关系（additive cnjunctin）： als, mrever, furthermre , meanwhile, additinally…转折关系（adversative）： but , hwever , yet , nevertheless , in cntrast … 因果关系（causal cnjunctin）： because , s , thus , therefre, hence, cnsequence …解释关系（explanatin）： r rather; that is t say; which means…
Example 4： ①Deer and elk (麋鹿) ppulatins — majr fd surces (来源) fr the wlf — grew rapidly. ②These animals cnsumed large amunts f vegetatin (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. ③In the absence f wlves, cyte (郊狼) ppulatins als grew quickly. ④The cytes killed a large percentage f the park's red fxes, and cmpletely drve away the park's beavers (海狸).
Example 4 ①Deer and elk (麋鹿) ppulatins — majr fd surces (来源) fr the wlf — grew rapidly. ②These animals cnsumed large amunts f vegetatin (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. ③In the absence f wlves, cyte (郊狼) ppulatins als grew quickly. ④The cytes killed a large percentage f the park's red fxes, and cmpletely drve away the park's beavers (海狸).
Summary: with wlves' absence , Deer, elk and cyte ppulatins have a rapid increase , which cnsequently damage the plant and animal diversity in the park.
Example 5： ①Yu might think that whether yu chse a blue shirt r a yellw ne t wear t wrk r cllege makes n difference t yur day and thse arund yu. ②Hwever, an increasing number f experts argue that the clrs we chse affect ur md, ur career prspects and even ur health.
Summary: In cntrast t the lng-held view, it is prpsed that ur clthing clr impacts us a lt in diverse aspects.
Example 6： ①I tend t agree that yung children can be negatively affected by t much time spent n the cmputer every day. ②This is partly because sitting in frnt f a screen fr t lng can be damaging t bth the eyes and the physical psture f a yung child, regardless f what they are using the cmputer fr.
Summary: Excessive time spent n the cmputer brings bad effects t yung children.
Example 7： ①When a leafy plant is under attack, it desn't sit quietly. ②Back in 1983, tw scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reprted that yung maple trees getting bitten by insects send ut a particular smell that neighbring plants can get.
Summary: Actually, a leafy plant wn’t be blind t any attack .
Identify the style
clarify the structure
find the tpic sentence
take advantage f transitin
Delete the repeated …
Delete the t general…
clarify the lgical relatinship
Delete examples
Delete the infrmatin behind the dash”
Grup discussin: Read the passage and find ut the key pints .
Ⅲ. Practice
1. ① “A phtgraph that ne has taken f neself, typically with a smart phne r webcam and upladed t a scial media website” is the definitin f “selfie” in the Oxfrd English Dictinary. ②In fact, it wasn’t even in the dictinary until August f last year.③ It earned its place there because peple are nw s bsessed with (对……痴迷) selfies—we take them when we try n a new hat, play with ur pets r when we meet a friend whm we haven’t seen fr quite a while.
What phenmenn is raised ?
2. ①But is there any scientific explanatin fr this bsessin? ②Well, yu shuld prbably ask James Kilner, a neurscientist (神经系统科学家) at University Cllege Lndn.
3. ①Thrugh ur lifetime we becme experts at recgnizing and interpreting ther peple’s faces and facial expressins. ②In cntrast, accrding t Kilner, we have a very pr understanding f ur wn faces since we have little experience f lking at them—we just feel them mst f the time.
4. ①This has been prved in previus studies, accrding t the BBC.5. ①Kilner fund that mst peple chse the mre attractive picture. ②This suggests that we tend t think f urselves as better-lking than we actually are. ③T further test hw we actually perceive ur wn faces, Kilner carried ut anther study. ④He shwed peple different versins f their wn prtrait — the riginal, ne that had been edited t lk less attractive and ne that was made mre attractive—and asked them t pick the versin which they thught lked mst like them. ⑤They chse the mre attractive versin.
6. ①Selfies give us the pwer t create a phtgraph — by taking it frm varius angles, with different pses, using filters (滤色镜) and s n — that better matches ur expectatins with ur actual faces.7. ①“Yu suddenly have cntrl in a way that yu dn’t have in nn-virtual(非虚拟的) interactins,” Kilner tld the Canada-based CTV News. ②Selfies allw yu “t keep taking pictures until yu manage t take ne yu’re happy with”, he explained.
peple are nw s bsessed with selfies 2. But is there any scientific explanatin fr this bsessin? 3. we have a very pr understanding f ur wn faces since we have little experience f lking at them5. we tend t think f urselves as better-lking than we actually are.6. Selfies give us the pwer t create a phtgraph
present a phenmenn
analyze the reasns
raise a phenmenn
analyze the reasns
①With an increasing number f peple addicted t taking phts f themselves, a newly-made wrd, selfie, becmes a hit. ②Admittedly, the lack f experience f watching self-facial expressin can scientifically accunt fr the flurish f selfie.③Furthermre, peple instinctively tend t chse charming prtrait and beautify themselves by the selfie technique.④Thirdly, selfie allws peple t have mre chances t cntrl their images and keep a psychlgical balance between the virtual wrld and the real wrld.