上海交通大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期开学摸底英语试卷（含答案）

2021-2022学年上海交通大学附属中学高三上学期开学摸底英语试卷

I. Listening comprehension

略

II. Vocabulary

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Education officials and industry experts are debating the future of online learning. The discussion is important because recently hundreds of universities in the United States have moved classes online because of the ____21____ of the new coronavirus.

For Asha Choksi, the rise of internet-based or online study programs has led to major improvements in higher education.

"What it's done is, it's actually given a lot more power to students in terms of how, when and where they learn," the head of research for Pearson Education told VOA. Her company is ____22____ online learning programs.

Colleges and universities worldwide have been looking for ways to provide satisfactory education off campus and outside of ____23____ business hours. The decision by many schools in the U. S. to suspend in-person classes during the recent coronavirus crisis has shown how important online teaching can be. And demand for such programs is increasing.

The financial advising company Tyton Partners ____24____ the online program management industry at over $1.5 billion in 2015.

Choksi, however, argues that her company is ____25____ a path to higher education for people who might not have been able to get a degree otherwise.

Pearson Education is one of a growing number of companies that ____26____ with schools to create online study aids and full degree programs. Classes meet online through video ____27____. In this way, students are able to ____28____ with each other and their professors even when they are far away from school.

Online learning also permits older students, who work, full-time and support families, to work on their education in their free time. It can be helpful for people who might have difficulty coming to a college campus, such as disabled students or those who live far from any college or university.

However, recent research suggests the majority of college students and professors prefer in-person instruction. In addition, some experts are ____29____ that companies in charge of online learning programs are not clear about the policies they have with the schools they serve.

Last year, the EDUCAUSE Center for Analysis and Research published two opinion studies on online higher education programs. Researchers asked over 40,000 American undergraduate students and 9,500 professors what they thought about these programs. In both groups, as least 70 percent of people said they prefer in-person ____30____.

III. Reading Comprehensions

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

The oral microbiome - the sum total of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, that occupy the human mouth - was the subject of a citizen science-driven study by Jessica Metcalf's research lab at CSU and Nicole Garneau's research team at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science. Published in Scientific Reports, the study found, among other things, a correlation between people who did not visit the dentist regularly and ____31____ presence of a pathogen that causes periodontal disease.

For the experiments, carried out by Garneau's community science team in the Genetics of Taste Lab at the museum, a wide cross-section of museum visitors answered simple questions about their demographics, lifestyles and health ____32____. Microbial（微生物的）DNA sequencing data analyzed by Metcalf's group revealed broadly, that oral health habits affect the communities of bacteria in the ____33____. The study underscored the need to think about oral health as ____34____ linked to the health of the entire body.

"Our study also showed that using community scientists can be a really good way to get this type of ____35____, without having to use large, case-controlled studies," said Zach Burcham, a postdoctoral researcher and the paper's lead author. Senior author Metcalf is an associate professor in the Department of Animal Sciences and a member of CSU's Microbiome Network.

The study ____36____ people who flossed（用牙线清洁牙齿）or didn't floss (almost everyone said they brushed, so that wasn't useful data point). Participants who flossed were found to have ____37____ microbial diversity in their mouths than non-flossers. This is most likely due to the physical removal of bacteria that could be causing disease.

Adults who had gone to a ____38____ in the last three months had lower overall microbial diversity in their mouths than those who hadn't gone in 12 months or longer, and had less of the periodontal disease-causing oral pathogen. This, ____39____, was probably due to dental cleaning removing rarer bacterial taxa in the mouth. Youth tended to have had a dental visit more recently than adults.

Youth microbiomes were ____40____ among males and females, and by weight. Chilren considered obese according to their body mass indices had distinct microbiomes as compared to non-obese children. The obese children also tended to have higher levels of Treponema, the same pathogen found in adults who hadn't been to the dentist in more than a year. ____41____, the researchers saw a possible link between childhood obesity and periodontal disease. "This was very interesting to me, that we were able to detect these data in such a general population, with such a variable group of people," Burcham said.

Other data uncovered: The microbiomes of younger participants, mostly in the 8- to 9-year-old range, had more diversity than those of adults. ____42____, adult microbiomes varied more widely from person to person . The researchers think this is due to the environments and diets of adults being more wide-ranging than ____43____.

They also saw that people who lived in the same household had ____44____ oral microbiomes.

"When you look at families who live together, you find they share more of those ____45____ taxa, the bacteria that aren't found as often in higher abundances," Burcham explained. It was a data point that underscored the relevance of one's built environment in relationship to the microbial communities in our bodies.

31. A. increased       B. rose           C. unexpected       D. decreased

32. A. problems       B. conditions    C. habits           D. plans

33. A. body          B. mouth        C. world         D. life

34. A. gradually       B. poorly         C. slightly        D. strongly

35. A. experiment    B. study         C. data           D. findings

36. A. involved        B. grouped       C. ignored       D. assessed

37. A. lower         B. average        C. no            D. higher

38. A. hospital       B. check         C. dentist        D. clinic

39. A. therefore      B. again         C. moreover      D. however

40. A. harmful       B. common       C. special        D. different

41. A. In other words    B. To sum up     C. In addition     D. To our surprise

42. A. By contrast     B. Meanwhile      C. However      D. Furthermore

43. A. peers         B. seniors         C. professionals    D. children

44. A. various        B. similar          C. harmful        D. unique

45. A. rare           B. common         C. unknown       D. scarce

Section B

Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

Extreme sorrow claws my mind. I am a statistic. When I first got here. I felt very much lonely. I found no sympathy. I saw only thousands of others whose bodies were as badly mangled as mine. I was given a number and placed in a category, which was called "traffic death".

The day I died was an ordinary school day. How I wish I had taken the bus! But I was too coll for the bus. I remember how I wheedled（哄骗）the car out of Mom. "Special favor," I pleaded. "All the kids drive." After school, I rushed to the parking lot, excited at the thought of driving a car and being my own boss.

It doesn't matter how the accident happened, I was going too fast taking crazy chances. But I was enjoying my freedom and having fun. The last thing I remember was passing an old lady who seemed to be going awfully slow. I heard a crash and felt a terrific shake. Glass and steel flew everywhere. My whole body seemed to be turning inside out. I heard myself scream.

Suddenly, I awakened. It was very quiet. I saw a police officer and a doctor. I was saturated with blood. Pieces of jagged glass were sticking out all over. Strange that I couldn't feel anything. Hey, don't pull that sheet over my head. I can't be dead. I'm only 17. I'm supposed to have a wonderful life ahead of me. I haven't lived yet. I can't be dead!

Later I was placed in a drawer. My folks came to identify me. Why did they see me like this? Why did I have to look at Moms eyes when she faced the most terrible ordeal of her life? Dad suddenly looked very old. He told the man in charge, "Yes - he is our son."

Please -- somebody -- wake me up! Get me out of here. I can't bear to see Mom and Dad in such pain. My grand-parents are so weak from grief they can barely walk. My brother and sister move like robots.

Please don't bury me! I'm not dead! I promise if you give me just one more chance, God. I'll be the most careful driver in the whole world. All I want is one more chance. Please, God, I'm only 17.

46. Why did the writer become a statistic?

A. Because he was majoring in statistics（统计学）in the school.

B. Because he felt very lonely at that moment.

C. Because he was dead due to a traffic accident.

D. Because he made a fatal mistake in statistics

47. Where did the traffic accident take place?

A. On the way to the school.          B. On the way home.

C. Near a police station              D. Near an old lady's house.

48. What was the cause of the accident?

A. I was driving too fast.        

B. I was too young to drive.

C. I wanted to avoid knocking down an old lady.   

D. I was not familiar with the road condition.

49. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?

A. How careless a young driver is!         B. Dead at 17.

C. An avoidable tragedy                 D. Safe drive o the road

(B)

Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass

Shanghai Disneyland is a place where every moment is packed with joy, surprises. romance, fantasy, and excitement. It's a place where friends and families come together to enjoy moagical adventures, and with the new Annual Pass, available from January 25, 2019. Guests will be able to enjoy a whole year of never-ending magic! Start your year-long magical journey today from the moment you purchase the new Annual Pass!

As a Pass Holder, you'll enjoy exclusive benefits, including a full year of events and parties, Disney Character greetings, and discounts on delicious food and merchandise! You'll also receive invitations to special events and so much more!

There are three types of Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass (Different pass types are subject to restrictions specified on the "Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass Calendar"):

Pass eligible visit dates are subject to the pass calendar, found on the "Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass Calendar" page on the Shanghai Disney Resort official website and the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Account. Guests will have visibility for the following three months of the Pass calendar (including the current month). The Pass number of persons with access to the Park due to capacity.

Launch Channel:

From January 25, 2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass through the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat account, the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Mini Program "E-gift Ticket", the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths, and the Shanghai Disney Resort Reservation Center at 400-180-0000 or +86-21-3158-0000. The Annual Pass can be redeemed and used to enter the park from January 25, 2019.

From February 15, 2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass via the Shanghai Disney Resort Official Website and app. The Annual Pass can be redeemed and used to enter the park from February 15,2019.

Annual Pass Holder must redeem their Annual Pass at the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths during park hours every day.

Thank you for your understanding and cooperation!

50. Which of the following ISN'T the selling point of Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass?

A. Lower prices during the shopping        

B. Meeting your favorite cartoon figures

C. Access to special activities          

D. Fast-pass to the hot attractions

51. Which can be learned from the passage?

A. You can't use an Annual Pass on the day you buy it.

B. Once you buy an Any-day Annual Pass, you can enjoy yourself in Shanghai Disneyland any day in one year.

C. On May 9th, a Pass Holder can know the Pass calendar of August.

D. Weekday+Sunday Annual Pass holders have at least 205 more days of park access than Sunday Annual Pass holders.

52. John can buy a Sunday Annual Pass on January 30, 2019 through the following channels EXCEPT _________________.

A. E-gift Ticket      

B. +86-21-3158-0000    

C. Shanghai Disney Resort Official Website

D. the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths

(C)

Apple on Tuesday said its revenue fell 5 percent in the first quarter, compared with $88.3 billion a year earlier, as chief executive Tim Cook admitted that people are holding on to their i-Phones longer.

Revenue from the maker if i-Phones came in at $84.31 billion, slightly higher than the company estimated earlier this month, when it wanted that sales would fall to about $84 billion. At the time, Cook cited a slowdown in China's economy as well as President Trump's trade war for weakening i-Phone demand. It was Apple's first warning in more than 15 years.

Apple's stock jumped more than 4 percent in after-hours trading.

In its results, Apple said net sales of i-Phones were down by more than $9 billion compared with the same quarter last year. Cook conceded that many Apple users are "holding on to their older i-Phones a bit longer than in the past," which contributed to lower i-Phone demand. But he also pointed to shifts in foreign exchange values that made Apple products more expensive in certain markets.

Consumers are holding on to their smartphones for three years or longer. The Washington Post reported last month. But higher selling prices - with some high-end models costing over $1,000 - have been able to compensate for fewer new phones sold.

Sales increased in other categories such as services, wear-ables and tablets. Altogether, Apple reported net income of $19.97 billion for the quarter compared to $20.01 billion in the same period a year earlier. The popularity of Apple's smartwatch has driven significant growth in the company's wear-ables segment, according to the company.

"Our wear-ables business is approaching the size of a Fortune 200 company," said chief financial officer Luca Maestri.

While Cook asknowledged the continuing economic slowdown in China, he said it is "not in our DNA to stand around waiting for macroeconomic conditions to improve." One effort Apple is undertaking in response, Cook added, is to encourage customers to trade in their old devices and receive credit toward purchasing new phones. Apple offered deep discounts on its i-Phone XR around the holidays, for instance, for people trading in recent devices.

More than two-thirds of Apple customers in China who bought an iPad or a Mac last quarter were first-time purchasers of those devices, Cook said.

Apple, the first trillion-dollar company last year, also said it is expecting lower revenues next quarter - between $55 billion and $59 billion - compared with the same time last year, when it reported revenues of $61.1 billion. The company attributed the lower guidance to the same foreign exchange and macroeconomic factors it cited for the quarter that ended in December.

Shareholders were already reeling from Apple's acknowledgement this week of a major flaw in its mobile operating system that allowed attackers to eavesdrop（窃听）on the recipient of Face-Time calls. Apple told users it is aware of the issue and that it plans to release a software update this week.

Tuesday marked the first of Apple's earnings reports in which the company did not report the number of i-Phones it sold in the quarter. But the company did say that the total number of i-Phones active worldwide now stands at 900 million - a positive sign of Apple as it seeks to convert many of its customers into users of its services such as Apple Pay and Apple Music.

53. According to Tim Cook, the following accounted for weakening i-Phone demand EXCEPT ___________.

A. Apple users keep their Apple devices longer than before.

B. The macroeconomic conditions home and abroad were not ideal.

C. The changing exchange values.

D. A major bug in its mobile operating system.

54. What can we learn from the underlined sentence?

A. Apple is about to take the initiative to turn around its business.

B. Apple is not good at dealing with macroeconomic condition in a foreign country.

C. Apple is not worried about the economic slowdown in China because of its huge consumers.

D. Apple is sure of overcoming the temporary downturn in sales with its technology.

55. Which of the following is TRUE?

A. One of Apple's goals is that his services can appeal to more consumers

B. On Tuesday, Apple didn't publicize its earnings reports because of its poor performance.

C. Apple's wear-ables category can almost compete with a Fortune 200 company.

D. i-Phones' higher prices contribute to the fact that the number of i-Phones sold is decreasing.

56. What does the passage imply?

A. According to the passage, Apple has sold 900 million i-Phones around the world.

B. Apple once became the richest company in the world last year.

C. Despite current difficulty, Tim Cook was confident of the future of Apple's revenues.

D. More and more Apple users began to dislike their Apple devices.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Culture Insider: Chopsticks

Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equal-length tapered sticks, usually made of wood, used for eating Asian food. It is believed the first chopsticks were developed over 5,000 years ago in China. The earliest evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang. Henan province, dating back to roughly 1,200 BC.

Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture. ____________________57____________________. They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.

There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part of a girl's dowry, since the pronunciation of kuaizi is similar to the words for "quick" and "son".

Chopsticks re so frequently used in daily life that they have become more than a kind of tableware and have fostered a set of etiquette and customs of their own. ____________________58____________________. While the principles of chopstick etiquette are similar in many of these places, the finer points may diff from region to region, and there is so single standard for the use of chopsticks. Generally, chopsticks are not used to make noise, to draw attention, or to gesticulate.

____________________59____________________. For example, you can buy a pair of exquisite chopsticks as a gift for your friends and relatives. In Chinese, 'chopsticks' reads 'kuaizi', which means to have sons soon, so a newly-married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as their wedding gift. Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful scenery on chopsticks to make them like fine artwork. Many people love to collect these elegant utensils.

It has been said that using chopsticks improves one's memory, increases finger dexterity and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting. Many Asian superstitions revolve around chopsticks as well. For example, if you find an uneven part of chopsticks at your table setting, it is believed you will miss the next train, boat or plane you are trying to catch. ____________________60____________________.

第II卷

IV. Grammar

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

(A)

Video Games Foster Creativity?

Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions, according to new research from Iowa State University. The experimental study compared the effect f playing Mine-craft（《我的世界》--一款游戏）, with or without instruction, to watching a TV show or playing a race video game. Those ____1____ (give) the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative.

"It's not just that Mine-craft can help induce creativity. There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters," said Douglas Gentile, a professor of psychology.

____2____ you are not familiar with the game, Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world. The game, which has sold more than 100 million copies, allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine. Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups. The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.

After 40 minutes of play or watching TV, the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. ____3____ (measure) creative production, they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth. More human like creature scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high. Surprisingly, those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were the ____4____ (creative).

Gentile says there's no clear explanation for this finding. In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal, he, Jorge Blanco-Herrera, lead author and former master's student in psychology: and Jeffrey Rokkum, former Ph. D. student in psychology, outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower. Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subjects' motivation for play.

"____5____ (tell) to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing, resulting in a less creative experience," Blanco-Herrera said. "It's also possible they used all their 'creative juices' while playing and had ____6____ left when it came time to complete the test."

Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Gentile's previous research has shown the amount, content and context and video games ____7____ (influence) what players learn through repeated experiences. ____8____ much of Gentile's research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior, he says the same appears to be true for creativity.

Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity. For example, players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies in competitive games. The researchers say even first-person shooter games ____9____ potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat.

"The research is starting to tell a more interesting, nuanced picture. Out results are similar to other gaming research ____10____ you get better at what you practice, but how you practice might matter just as much, " Gentile said.

(B)

Honesty, my mum always used to tell me, is the best policy. But when it comes to medicine, I had assumed it was important to always be honest with my patients. After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential, or so I thought.

I had just started working in geriatrics（老年病科）Mr. McMahon (11) ____________________ (bring) in when his body was found very swollen（浮肿的）. I took a medical history (12) ____________________ his daughter who had accompanied him in the ambulance. She'd been his main career for years. I stood (13) ____________________ (look) at him as she gave a detailed history. "Has he lost any weight recently?" I asked. "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly recently?" I asked. "Well, it's funny you should mention that, but yes." She said slowly. There was silence for a few moments. "Why? What are you worried about?" she asked. She was obviously very involved in his care and it was only fair that I told (14) ____________________ the truth. "Well, we need to prove it's not cancer." I said and talked briefly about some of the test s I was going to order.

Half an hour later, a nurse called me: "Mr. McMahon's daughter broke down - she said you tole her he had cancer." My heart sank. By the time I arrived at the ward, my consultant was already there, explaining that we still had to run lots of tests and that it was by no means confirmed (15) ____________________ he had cancer. I stood silently at the end of the bed. My consultant was obviously angry with me and as we left Mr. McMahon. She turned to me. "Why on earth did you do that?" she asked in disbelief. I looked at her and bit my lip. "She asked me what I was worried about and I told her." I said, hanging my head. "And give her more (16) ____________________ (worry) about?" replied my consultant. "You don't say the word 'cancer' until it's confirmed. (17) ____________________ ____________________ you suspect it, think very carefully before you tell people."

(18) ____________________ it turned out, it wasn't cancer. But I did learn that when someone is stressed and worried about their loved one they're sometimes selective in (19) ____________________ they hear - and as a doctor it's important to be mindful of this. In being truthful. I'd made the situation (20) ____________________ (bad).

V. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.

China's Film Industry Finally Joins the Space Race

China was a latecomer to space exploration, and in the movies, it has been a latecomer to science fiction, too. But that is about to change.

The country's first blockbuster set in space. "The Wandering Earth," opens Tuesday amid grandiose expectations that it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese film making.

"The Wandering Earth," shown in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour the Earth. Therefore, earth's governments rally and come up with a novel solution: they speckle the planet with 10,000 gigantic jets, and blast it out of its orbit and off on a hundred-generation journey to a new home 4.2 light-years away. However, a malfunction of the Earth Engine system leaves the planet caught in Jupiter's gravity, and gradually being pulled toward destruction. A frantic group of workers have to scramble to reactivate the jets and correct the Earth's course.

So far, the reviews have been positive. "Filmmakers in China see science fiction as a holy grail," said Raymond, an independent critic, who noted that Hollywood had set the technological standards, and thus audience expectations, very high.

"The Wandering Earth" is adapted from works by Liu CiXin, the writer who has led a renaissance in science fiction here, Becoming the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award for the genre in 2015. His novels are sprawling epics and deeply researched. That makes them plausible fantasies about humanity's encounters with a dangerous universe.

The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on the far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts in orbit and has ambitious plans to join -- or even lead - a new age of space exploration.

VI. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

21. 一个领导对待手下的方式能反映出他的综合素养。(the way)

22. 只有当学业负担被全社会重视时它才有可能得到解决。(Only)

23. 参加社会实践有助于学生了解社会，但学生也应该考虑社会实践和学习之间的平衡。(consideration)

24. 就国家治理而言，一种模式确实不适合所有国家，对一些国家有效的也许对于另一些并非灵丹妙药。(what)

VI. Guided Writing

Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

学校计划在期中考试后，给与高三学子自我调整的一天。对于这一天的安排有两种方案：1. 去上海迪士尼游(Shanghai Disneyland)放松一天；2. 参观交大实验室和听取交大老师介绍专业的讲座。学校现向全校高三学生征求意见。假设你是王明，给学校写一份信，谈谈你的选择和理由。

参考答案

21. D  22. K  23. J  24. E  25. G  26. F  27. A  28. H  29. C  30. I

31 - 35  ACBDC  36 - 40  BACBD  41 - 45  ACDBA

46 - 49  CBAB

50 - 52  DDC

53 - 56  DAAC

57. A  58. C  59. F  60. D

(A)

1. given  2. If   3. To measure  4. least creative   5. Being told  

6. nothing   7. influence  8. Although   9. can  10. in that

(B)

11.was brought  12.from  13.looking  14.her  15.that  16.to worry 

17.Even if 18.As  19.what  20.worse

概要写作：

The Wandering Earth, China’s first major film set in space, has been received positively, signaling a new era of Chinese filmmaking. Based on the work of China’s leading sci-fi writer LiuCixin, who highlights mankind’s struggle in space, it describes humanity’s efforts to save Earth from destruction. The film also coincided with a space exploration milestone of China’s. (58 words）             

21. The way a leader treats his men reflects his comprehensive quality.

22. Only when the academic burden is valued by the whole society can it be solved.

23. Participation in social practice helps students understand society, but students should also take the balance between social practice and learning into consideration .

24. In terms of national governance, one model is indeed not suitable for all countries, and what works for some countries may not be a panacea for others.

作文：略