上海实验学校2021-2022学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷（Word版含答案）

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2021-2022学年上海市实验学校 高三第一学期英语摸底试卷 II.Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Young Chinese are rebelling against society through a simple act of resistance: lying down. Examples of the tangping, or "lying flat," way of life (21)________(include) not getting married, not having children, and refusing to work extra hours or to hold a job at all."I stay at home and sleep and watch television series. Sometimes I go out for walks, read books and just think a lot," said Daisy Zhang, 28, who described herself as "lying flat" for the last two weeks (22)________ leaving her job in the film industry in Wuxi.Tangping (23)________(emerge) over the last few months as the rallying call of Chinese millennials who have had enough of the rat race. Some compare them to the 1950s. Boat Generation in the United States. (24)________ call their behavior a form of nonviolent resistance or "ideological emancipation" from consumerism. Supporters portray it as a rejection of struggle and endless striving. Critics say it is defeatist."People realize there is no upward mobility," said Yicheng Wang, a PhD student in political science at Boston University (25)________ studies propaganda and popular discourse. "It's a negative acceptance: 'My life is like this. It will always be like this.'The term developed after an April post on the Tieba forum where the author, unempolyed for the last two years, described a low-effort, low-cost lifestyle that consisted of working just a few months out of the year."Lying flat is my sophistic movement," he wrote, referring to the Greek philosopher Diogenes, who was known for living in a barrel. He posted a picture of himself lying in end in the middle of the day with the curtains (26)________(draw).In the following weeks, a "lying flat" group on the online forum Douban surged to 9,000 members. Internet users identified themselves as "lying flatists," (27)________(post) photos of eats and seals lying supine.But (28)________ tangping gained popularity, it also drew a level of opprobirum. Nanfang Daily called the philosophy "shameful." Global Times made light of it, describing "lying flat" as "not a serious philosophy." The Youth League pointed out that young medical workers on the front lines during the pandemic "never chose to lie down."For Zhang in Wuxi, lying flat is not about giving up or withdrawing from society. "Many people want to lie down because 996 is too tiring," she said, referring to the notorious hours common in tech industry, (29)________ staff are expected to work from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., six days a week. The philosophy is also about giving oneself a break. On Douban, new groups have emerged that support "lying down and then standing up." Zhang, who is thinking about getting into media, says she has started sending out resumes."I'm interviewing for jobs while writing a little and looking for direction," (30) ________ nothing "too active," she said. "It's better than doing nothing." Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. definitely B. suffering C. acceptance D. discouraged E. supposedly F. terms G. optimism H. sustained I. punishing J. favored K. obstacle Happiness is not natural. It is a mere human construct（构想）. A state of contentment (let alone happiness) is (31)________ by our genetic design because it would lower our guard against possible threats to our survival.Chasing happiness is like chasing an elusive ghost, but the positive thinking industry claims to know its secrets. Self-help was popularized by Norman Vincent Peale, a colorful American pastor, (32)________ by several! Republican presidents, including Richard Nixon and Donald Trump. He invented "positive thinking", a concept now deeply embedded in our culture and steadily growing in influence. The global personal development industry was valued at $38.28 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a rate of 5.1%.Popular films and books are full of (33)________ inspirational statements about how all you need to do is believe in yourself and then you'll be able to achieve anything in life. This is simply, and obviously, not true. I don't think there is a need to explain that many obstacles and misfortunes in life are inevitable, or unsurmountable. Our ancestors knew this, and many philosophical and religious traditions are based on the (34)________ that being a five is a very challenging task, which comes with significant amounts of suffering. It goes without saying that we should do all we can to maximize our sense of well-being and minimize our suffering, but the end result cannot be a state of (35)________ happiness. We are not designed that way.The self-help genre is not a homogeneous beast, however. It is, in fact, ironic how self-help books on happiness and those on how to make it big in life are lumped together in the same bookshop shelves, given that many of the former tell us that caring too much about the latter is the main (36)________ to happiness.The inevitable clash（争论，分歧）between mandatory (37)________ and the realities of our existence comes with a heavy psychological price. It could be argued that positive psychology blames those who are suffering for their (38)________ , as it is based on the misconception that unhappiness is entirely avoidable. It follows therefore that an unhappy person must be inadequate and incompetent. Positive psychology encourages people who are struggling with a particular goal to persevere in the face of unfavorable odds, which is much more (39)________ psychologically in the long run than accepting defeat.I believe that coming to (40)________ with life as it is, and not as the happiness industry tells us it could be, will make us happier, and we will feel more at peace with ourselves and with the world. Unfortunately, the devil always has the best tunes. III.Reading Comprehensions Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. One firm's crisis is another's opportunity. A shortage of semiconductors has helped pump up the valuations of firms such as Nvidia, whose chips（芯片）power everything from video-gaming to machine learning and data centres. But boom time for sellers means (41)________ for buyers.Carmakers, whose products have become computers on wheels, are among the victims. Profits at Ford, America's second-biggest carmaker by volume, fell by half in the most recent quarter amid a global shortage of chips. Analysts say the industry might build around 5m fewer cars this year, all (42)________ their tiniest components.Carmakers are not the only firms feeling the pinch. Apple and Microsoft have also warned that they will be affected. Politicians are being drawn in, too. Chips will be on the (43)________ later this month when America's vice-president, Kamala Harris, visits Vietnam, which has a flourishing electronics industry. Angela Merkel, the outgoing German chancellor, has lamented Europe's small share of global chip production.The shortage is the result of a sudden surge in demand. Chip-making is a (44)________ business which, between the peaks and troughs, has been enjoying strong growth for decades as computers creep into every corner of society. That trend was (45)________ by the pandemic. Locked-down consumers shopped online, logged into meetings remotely, and wiled away the hours with video-streaming and video-gaming. The result has been a sharp increase in demand for the semiconductors that power the data centres and gadgets that make such things possible, clogging factories with (46)________ .The crisis has had three consequences, two (47)________ and one less so. The first is an investment boom. Big producers such as Intel, Samsung and tsme are planning to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on extra capacity over the next few years. As in many markers high prizes are the best cure for high prices.The second is that the chip industry's customers are adapting, too. When demand (48)________  early in the pandemic, carmakers cut their orders with chip-makers. The car industry's size and power mean that it is used to ordering suppliers around. But when demand recovered, it found itself at the back of the queue, because of long lead times and competition for capacity from the even bigger and more influential tech industry.The unpleasant experience of being the supplicant（乞求者）rather than the boss has prompted carmakers to take tighter control over supplies of vital components. Following in the tyre-treads of Tesla, Volkswagen has announced plans to develop driver-assistance chips in-house. Other firms are forming closer relationships with chip-makers. Toyota, a Japanese firm, has (49)________ the shortage relatively well, partly because it was slower to cut orders when the pandemic hit. In June Robert Bosch, a big supplier of automotive parts, cut the (50)________ on a €1 bn ($1.2 bn) chip factory of its own in Dresden. Redesigned supply chains will be more resilient（有复原力的）.The third, (51)________ effect has been a surge of techno-nationalism. America is planning to (52)________ billions of dollars to lure chip-makers back from East Asia. Europe wants to double its share of global production, to 20%, by 2030. Even Britain has declared the fate of a small chip factory in Wales to be a matter of national security.There is some force in the argument that chips have come to occupy what used to be called the "(53)________ heights" of an economy, in the way that oil refineries or car factories did in the 20th century. The concentration of production in Taiwan, (54)________ , is an uncomfortable geopolitical risk. But as last century's governments discovered, subsidies lead to overcapacity and oversupply - and, eventually, to yet more calls for public money to prop up uncompetitive businesses. The chip shortage is mostly a (55)________ problem. Government should resist the temptation to see themselves as saviours（救星）. 41. A. envy  B. annoyance  C. misery  D. delight42. A. for want of B. for possession of C. for fear of  D. for convenience of43. A. schedule B. agenda  C. calendar  D. catalogue44. A. cynical  B. cyclical  C. crystal  D. clinical45. A. amplified B. justified  C. modified  D. diversified46. A. samples  B. goods  C. orders  D. stocks47. A. encouraging B. touching  C. amazing  D. discouraging48. A. soared  B. ballooned  C. collapsed  D. fluctuated49. A. suffered  B. avoided  C. subjected  D. weathered50. A. band  B. ribbon  C. belt   D. string51. A. popular  B. desirable  C. unusual  D. unwelcome52. A. turn out  B. bring out  C. give out  D. work out53. A. commanding B. overwhelming C. demanding  D. prevailing54. A. above all B. in addition  C. after all  D. in particular55. A. self-improving B. self-solving  C. self-sustaining D. self-reflecting Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Professor Heinz Wolff, who has died aged 89, was a bioengineering pioneer. He established the discipline, named it and, in a 60-year career, made significant to contributions to media research. But to the British public, he was best known as the "dotty scientist" who fronted The Great Egg Race, a BBC show in which colour-coded teams were set engineering challenges (the first was to transport an egg in a vehicle powered by rubber bands). With his trademark bow tie, half-moon glasses and Mittel-European accent, he looked really like Professor Branestawn, as described by W. Heath Robinson. Yet while he cheerfully exploited his reputation as a "peculiar egghead", he was very serious about his work and inspired thousands of young people to consider scientific careers.Born in Berlin in 1928, Heinz Wolff was the son of Jewish parents. His mother died in 1938, and the next year the family fled. They arrived in Britain on the day war was declared. "We really cut it rather fine," he said on Desert Island Discs in 1998. After leaving school, he worked as a technician at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford, where he invented a machine to count red blood cells, and then at the National Institute for Medical Research's pneumoconiosis research unit in Cardiff, where he designed a means of measuring dust levels in coal miners. He went on to study at University College London and graduated with a first in physics and physiology. Then, in 1983, he founded the Institute for Bioengineering at Brunel University. His particular interest was in technologies to improve the lives of older people, but he was also heavily involved in space research and worked as an adviser to the European Space Agency.Wolff had made his first appearance on TV on Panorama in 1966, encouraging Richard Dimbleby to swallow a "radio pill". On The Great Egg Race, which ran from 1979, his task was to get opponent teams representing organizations such as the chemical company ICI. Challenges included building a hovercraft from a lawnmower, and inventing a bicycle that could ride on water.Marks were awarded for entertainment value and technical accomplishment. The show ended in the mid-1980s, but Wolff continued to judge scientific competitions, on TV and elsewhere. A natural entertainer with an inexhaustible curiosity about the world, he said he'd be happy to dress up as a clown if it got children interested in science. 56.The word "dotty" (paragraph 1) is closet in meaning to ________.A.peculiar B. serious C. famous D. genius57.Which of the following statements is TRUE of Heinz Wolff according to the passage?A.His family left Berlin after WWII began.B.He used to major in physics and physiology.C.He invented a machine while in University College London.D.His interest lay in helping those living in war-stricken areas.58.Heinz Wolff didn't mind looking ridiculous as long as ________.A.he could keep being curious about the worldB.he could combine entertainment and technologyC.he could help arouse children's interest in scienceD.he could appear on TV to judge scientific competitions59.Which of the following is an achievement made by Heinz Wolff?A.Representing a chemical company.B.Designing a method to count red blood cells.C.Being the first scientists to front TV shows.D.Setting up the subject of bioengineering. (B)Hudly wirelessPrice :$349Staying focused on the road while glancing at your smart-phone or sat nav for directions can be a distraction. That's why Hudly has created its transparent heads-up display to keep your journey information right in your sight-line. Paired wirelessly with your smart-phone, this 6.2-inch display allows you to view the road and its vibrant directions simultaneously. Also equipped with light sensors, this heads-up display will automatically adapt its visibility to suit your environment.Roav VIVAPrice: $130Bring Alexa along for the ride with this plug-in speaker from Anker. Paired with your smart-phone, VIVA can make calls, stream music and provide audio navigation with simple voice commands. Plugged straight into your vehicle's power outlet, this travel-size companion comes equipped with two USB ports so you and your passengers can charge smart devices on the go.ZUS Smart Tire Safety MonitorPrice: $159.98Keeping your tires at the correct pressure is of vital importance to not only staying safe on the roads, but to maintain low fuel consumption. With the ZUS smart safety monitors by Nonda, you receive real-time alerts if your tires are leaking air or in need of a refill. Taking only minutes to install, these high-tech dust caps simply screw on each tire and give you feedback on how each tire is performing, recording a detailed history of pressure changes over time.GOFARPrice: $149Open a window into your vehicle's health with GOFAR. By simply plugging the GUFAR adapter into your car's computer, receive real-time information about any mechanical problems or performance information sent straight to your smart-phone. In the same way a Formula I driver monitors their fuel efficiency on the track, the GOFAR Ray keeps you up to date on how you consume fuel with the simple dashboard light array. If you're hitting the gas too hard, the GOFAR Ray will illuminate red to let you know you're wasting fuel and green when you're driving optimally.Automatic connected car assistantPrice: from $99.99If you want to get to know your car inside out, then the Automatic connected car assistant is the perfect addition to your vehicle. By simply plugging the compact diagnostic device into the vehicle, a whole host of information about your car is available at your fingertips. Using the Automatic app, this driving assistant can give detailed diagnostics about maintenance issues and performance alongside crash alerts, your vehicle's real-time location and roadside assistance.Jabra FreewayPrice: $99.99If your car isn't Bluetooth connected, then Jabra Freeway is a great gadget to listen to high-quality sound and answer and make calls at the touch of a button or through voice activation. With three built-in speakers, Freeway offers impressive surround sound. However, if you prefer your vehicle's speakers, the built-in FM transmitter will connect your smart-phone straight to the car's internal sound system. Equipped with a motion sensor, Freeway will always sense when you get into the car and automatically connect to your smart-phone. 60.Mary, a green-hand driver, wants to know the overall health of her second-hand car and to ensure road safety and timely help if anything happens. What's the best product for her?A.GOFAR    B. Hudly wirelessC. Zus Smart Tire Safety Monitor D. Automatic connected car assistant61.What do Jabra Freeway and Roav VIVA have in common?A.Both are equipped with motion sensors and USB ports.B.Both can be smart-phone connected and voice controlled.C.Both can make calls, stream music and provide navigation.D.Both can be operated with voice activation and button touch.62.Which of the following devices can help you cut back on your spending in the long run?a. Hudly wireless b. Roav VIVA c. GOFAR d. Jabra Freewaye. Zus Smart Tire Safety Monitor f. Automated connected car assistantA. ce B. bc C. de D. ef (C)Early decision - you apply to one school, and admission is binding - seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, you're done with the whole process by December. But what most students and parents don't realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.Early decision, since it's binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admission committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate, which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni and arguably make a more informed decision.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated（专注）on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them.Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, but that advantage goes largely to students who already have numerous advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. In this regard, there's an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admission know-how to navigate the often-confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision. But for students who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds of favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options. 63.What are students obliged to do under early decision?A.Consult the current students and alumni. B. Think twice before they accept the offer.C. Attend the school once they are admitted. D. Look into a lot of schools before they apply.64.What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?A.It places too high a demand on their research ability.B.It makes their application process more complicated.C.It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.D.It allows them little time to make informed decisions.65.Why are some people opposed to early decision?A.It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.B.It interferes with student's learning in high school.C.It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.D.It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.66.What does the author advise college applicants to do?A.Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.B.Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.C.Avoid choosing early decision unless they are full prepared.D.Refrain from competing with students from privileged families. Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting not only the health of women but also their career. B. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely, including staff expertise. C. For example, there is a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it. D. Men and women tend to behave differently when faced with a dispute. E. This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. F. The reason why women in this age range suffer so much is that they cannot say "no". It's time to re-evaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many as men aged 18-44 reported feeling "very tired" or "exhausted," according to a recent study.________67________It is also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no". Women want to be able to do it all - volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals - and so their answer to any request is often "Yes, I can."Women struggle to say "no" in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.________68________               At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work.________69________Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if the means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor in who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not.________70________Shouldering more on the work and may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.There's more of a connection between food and culture than you may think.On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our cultures. Many associate foods from our childhood with warm feelings and fond memories, tying us to our families. On a large scale, food operates as an expression of cultural identity. Traditional cuisine（烹饪法）is passed down from one generation to the next. Immigrants bring the food of their countries where they go, and cooking traditional food is a symbol of pride for their ethnicity（民族特色）as well as a means of coping with homesickness.Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some ingredients needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavour can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants who sell dishes have to alter the original dishes to satisfy a wider range of customers. Alterations to original dishes can create new flavours that still preserve the cultural significance of the dish.What stays the same is the extent to which each country or community's unique cuisine reflects its unique history, lifestyle, values, and beliefs. For example, in China, harmony is a vital characteristic in almost every aspect of life. This is reflected in Chinese cuisine, where almost every flavour is used in a balanced way. Throughout history, Chinese people are of the belief that food not only needs to be nutritious but also needs to look appealing, so they put a lot of effort into decorating the dishes, with vibrant red as their traditional colour.As the world becomes more globalized, it is easier to access cuisines from different cultures.We should not only accept our traditions through our culture's food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their foods. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window to culture, and it should be treated as such. V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.尽管有充分时间做准备，但我看我的演技还有很大的提升空间。(despite)2.中国人民站起来了，中华民族饱受欺凌的时代一去不复返了！(gone)3.人们常把爱好和热爱混为一谈，可是爱好不应该是你选择专业时的优先考虑项。(mean)4.在教练的帮助下，他刻苦训练，严格自律，最终获得成功，这使队友们对他刮目相看。(end up) VI.Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是高三学生李华，最近得知 2022  年北京冬奥会筹备组正在奥运比赛场馆、游客问询中心、奥运村接待处招募志愿者，你非常想成为其中的一员。请结合自己的情况，给筹备组负责人王先生写一封申请信。你的申请信需要包括以下内容：1.你想申请的一处志愿服务点；2.你选择此处提供志愿服务的理由
参考答案21. include 22. after 23. has emerged 24. Others 25. who 26. drawn 27. posting 28. as   29. where 30. although/though31. D 32. J 33. E 34. C 35. H 36. K 37. G 38. B 39. I 40. F41 - 45 CABBA 46 - 50 CACDB 51 - 55 DCADB56 - 66 a) ABCD b) DBA c) CDDC67 - 70 EACB1.Despite plenty of time to prepare, I think there is still a lot of room/space for improvement in my acting.2.The Chinese people have stood up. The days when the Chinese nation was bullied are gone forever.3.People often confuse hobbies with passions, but hobbies should not mean a priority when choosing a major.4.With the help of his coach, he trained hard and and strict disciplines were executed, and ended up with success, which made his teammates look at him with new eyes.