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上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底测试英语试题（含答案）
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这是一份上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期摸底测试英语试题（含答案），共20页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年度第一学期
高三英语摸底测试
（本试卷满分150分，120分钟完成。）
第Ⅰ卷（80’）
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. The seats there are uncomfortable.
B. There are more than enough seals.
C. It is popular with customers.
D. It provides customers with reading materials.
2. A. Give his neighbor a spare key.
B. Get his key from his neighbor.
C. Study in his neighbor’s apartment.
D. Borrow some books from his neighbor.
3. A. Hand in their financial plan later.
B. Leave their financial plan unfinished.
C. Seek more information for their financial plan.
D. Finish their financial plan with what they have.
4. A. He failed in Dr. Parker’s test.
B. Leave their financial plan unfinished.
C. Dr. Parker’s tests were not difficult.
D. The man’s parents stopped boasting about his scholarship.
5. A. The man should be recognized by his parents.
B. The man’s parents helped him get the scholarship.
C. The man should be praised for his accomplishment.
D. The man’s parents stopped boasting about his scholarship.
6. A. She didn’t work hard on it.
B. She made many persuasive claims in it.
C. It wasn’t as good as expected.
D. Her professor was satisfied with it.
7. A. Serve the dish as it is.
B. Taste the dish first.
C. Put some salt in the dish.
D. Ask mum about the fish.
8. A. She’ll call Julia next week.
B. She wonders if she’ll see Julia.
C. Julia doesn’t want others to see her.
D. Julia won’t be able to help the man.
9. A. It is a big deal.
B. It needs a new engine.
C. It doesn’t deserve repairing.
D. It is in better condition than hers.
10. A. He has a lot of experience as a skier.
B. He hasn’t ever been to central mountains.
C. He plans to go skiing during his spring break.
D. He doesn’t recommend going to central mountains.
Section B (15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. It’s no use dreaming.
B. What you get is just what you want.
C. You are not satisfied with what you have.
D. You are not clearly aware of what you want.
12. A. As a principle for cooking.
B. As a guideline for applying for a job.
C. As an explanation of how to get a good job.
D. As an example of a blueprint.
13. A. It is required by the employer.
B. It enables him to sell his abilities.
C. It helps him to get connected with the employer.
D. It forces him to become clearly aware of himself.
Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. More frequent.
B. More attractive.
C. More successful.
D. More straightforward.
15. A. Too few managers ever do it.
B. It can be useful in certain circumstances.
C. Experts are sometimes unwilling to give opinions.
D. It can help to have a whole grasp of the complex system.
16. A. They may rely too much on details.
B. They may ignore some necessary information.
C. They can’t get in touch with employees.
D. They may not have access to the whole thing.
Question 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. A writer. B. A journalist. C. A story-teller. D. A photographer.
18. A. The ability to judge whether a story is true to the fact.
B. The ability to keep in mind the importance of a deadline.
C. The ability to research the sense of smell professionally.
D. The ability to inform people of the missing parts of the story.
19. A. The might fail to be capable note-takers.
B. The might concentrate too much on details.
C. They might be lacking in the trick of the trade.
D. They might have no idea what to ask later.
20. A. To promote the process of interviews.
B. To keep the evidence.
C. To challenge the content of recordings.
D. To assess the information journalists need to know.
Ⅱ. Vocabulary (10’)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. abandoning
B. captured
C. caution
D. dominant
E. enduring
F. fearful
G. grief
H. isolation
I. locked
J. popularized
K. revolutionary
Welcome to the YOLO Economy
Something strange is happening to the exhausted, type-A millennial workers of America. After a year spent hunched (弯腰驼背) over their MacBooks, 21 back-to-back Zooms, they are deciding to risk it all. Some are 22 stable jobs to start a new business, and others are stepping off the career treadmill altogether.
If this movement has a rallying cry, it’s “YOLO”—“you only live once,” an acronym (首字母缩略词) 23 by the rapper Drake a decade ago and used by cheerful risk-takers ever since. It has come to characterize the attitude that has 24 a certain type of bored office worker in recent months.
To be clear: The pandemic is not over, and millions of Americans are still experiencing 25 for the loss of jobs and loved ones. Not everyone can afford to throw 26 to the wind. But for a growing number of people with financial cushions and in-demand skills, the dread and anxiety of the past year are giving way to a new kind of professional fearlessness.
“It feels like we’ve been so 27 into careers for the past decade, and this is our opportunity to switch it up.” said Nate Moseley, 29, a buyer at a major clothing retailer. “The idea of going right back to the pre-Covid setup sounds so unappealing after this past year,” he said. “If not now, when will I ever do this?” If “languishing (受煎熬)” is 2021’s 28 emotion, YOLOing may be the year’s defining work force trend. A recent Microsoft survey found that more than 40 percent of workers globally were considering leaving their jobs this year.
29 of employees’ quitting jobs, bosses are trying to boost morale (士气) and prevent burnout. LinkedIn recently gave the majority of its employees a paid week off.
Raises and time off may persuade some employees to stay put. But for others, stasis (停滞) is the problem, and the only solution is 30 change.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
America’s eating habits have changed radically over the past 40 years. We consume more and more food of less and less nutritional value. The nation’s adult obesity rate is now 42.4%.
Why have our habits changed? Part of the reason is demographic (人口学的). When women moved into the workplace, 31 , there was less time at home to devote to cooking. The result has been more eating out or store-bought prepared meals. 32 has played a role, too: The microwave oven 33 an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.
In Hooked, Michael Moss, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, raises a question—What if the foods we’re swallowing have been designed and marked to become addictive? While presenting his case, Mr. Moss offers an appealing tour of America’s food 34 , taking side trips into biology and psychology and, not least, into the world of food compounds.
Mr. Moss begins with the science of addition. The definition of addiction he likes best—“a repetitive behavior that some people find difficult to quit”—comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.
As for the 35 that affects our food choices, Mr. Moss notes that, while it takes 10 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster—and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference 36 nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain, while sugar and salt take a 37 through the taste buds (味蕾). But the tongue is 38 by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While presenting his case, Mr. Moss offers and appealing tour of America’s food 34 , taking side trips into biology and psychology and, not least, into the world of food compounds.
Mr. Moss begin with the science of addition. The definition of addition he likes best— “a repetitive behavior that some people find difficult to quit”—comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.
As for the 35 that affects our food choices, Mr. Moss notes that, while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster—and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference 36 nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain. while sugar and salt take a 37 through the taste buds (味蕾). But the tongue is 38 by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While there are 10,000 taste buds, there are 10 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体), and they can detect hundreds of scents. “Flavor is the combination of taste and smell,” writes Mr. Moss, “and the lion’s share of the 39 in this goes to smell.”
Or all the substances that can get us hooked, Mr. Moss says, “nothing is faster than food when it comes to 40 the brain chemistry. Certain kinds of food, that is.” The consumption of the highly processed and sweetened concoctions (调制品) that dominate the American diet: cereals, sodas, fruit juices, cookies, packaged meats, as well as salad dressing and pasta sauces delivers intense and immediate pleasure and creates a need that fits Mr. Moss’s broad definition of addiction.
Why are we only now seeing the harmful effects of the food-induced brain chemistry? Mr. Moss summarizes the thinking of one of the scientists be profiles: “We simply haven’t had the 41 we would need, in relation to evolution, to catch up with the dramatic changes in food production and our eating habits of the past forty years.”
One major theme of “Hooked” is that the food industry exploits this 42 —even creates it. Mr. Moss argues that the industry’s growth has been enabled by its “manipulation of our 43 desires,” not least through marketing and sales strategies. He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain 44 (thus casing consumption while, say, driving). One byproduct of these strategies, observes Mr. Moss, is that snacks—often processed products with high convenience but low nutritional value—now account for about 25% of daily calorie consumption. Social norms have adjusted themselves 45 : It has become “socially acceptable to cat anything, anywhere, anytime,” Mr. Moss writes.
31. A. for instance B. after all C. vice versa D. in addition
32. A. Marketing B. Service C. Technology D. Efficiency
33. A. made up for B. cast light on C. gave birth to D. went in for
34. A. industry B. landscape C. market D. production
35. A. biology B. psychology C. mindset D. mentality
36. A. hides from B. stems from C. shifts from D. emerges from
37. A. shortcut B. bow C. twist D. chance
38. A. compared B. paralleled C. leveled D. overtaken
39. A. decision B. route C. credit D. benefit
40. A. checking out B. stirring up C. paying off D. responding to
41. A. temper B. limit C. gap D. time
42. A. mismatch B. consumption C. rate D. pride
43. A. intellectual B. rebellious C. instinctual D. conditional
44. A. distinctive B. stylish C. upright D. appetizing
45. A. positively B. progressively C. unexpectedly D. accordingly
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
How do you teach a monkey new tricks? Labs have proved difficult places to train monkeys to respond to different sounds, but in the forests of Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park, researchers were astonished how quickly one species of monkey adapted its behavior to a new sound.
Julia Fischer at the German Primate Center in Gottingen and her team flew drones over a community of green monkeys in the area, to see what they made of a new flying object in their environment. They responded instantly, making alarm calls to warn one another of the potential new threat.
The vocalizations were distant from the ones they made in response to models of leopards and snakes, but almost identical to calls made by a related species of monkey about eagles. The results suggest a hardwired response to the perception of an aerial threat and the use of that specific call.
They monkeys adapted so quickly to the mechanical noise that they began scanning the skies and making the calls even when the sound of the drone was played from the ground. The monkeys were never seen issuing alarm calls in response to birds of prey in the area, suggesting that the birds they usually see aren’t considered a threat. The drones, however, seemed to be perceived as dangerous. “It’s certainly disconnecting, unpredictable, something they’ve not seen before, so it makes sense to alert everybody,” say Fischer. She says she was “blown away” by how rapidly the monkeys appeared to learn. “The listeners are smart. It’s almost impossible to get a monkey in a lab to do an audio task. It isn’t clear why such learning is harder in a lab environment,” she says.
The study involved a year’s worth of fieldwork by a team of eight, who flew the drone about 60 meters above the monkeys. The research wasn’t without incident. Fisher had to duck inside a shelter made of palm leaves at one point, after a baboon ran to attack the leopard model she was holding.
Vervet monkeys in East Africa are related to green monkeys. They have been closely studied for the different calls they make in response to a variety of predators, including pythons, leopards, baboons and martial eagles.
The expectation for the green monkey study was that they would stay silent. come up with a new alarm call or produce one similar to the velvet monkeys’ eagle call. Fischer’s bet was on the eagle call option, and she was proved right. The vocalization appears to be highly conserved by evolution. “It teaches us about how different their vocal communication system is from ours,” says Fischer. “There is a very limited level of flexibility.”
46. What can be learned about green monkeys’ behavioral adaptability to a new sound?
A. They made sounds similar to a new flying object.
B. They alerted each other to possible danger.
C. They responded as though they had seen eagles.
D. They scanned the sky for the source of the sound.
47. In paragraph 4, the writer mentions “birds of prey in the area” in order to ______.
A. compare the different sounds made by the monkeys
B. specify the monkeys’ extraordinary adaptability
C. illustrate these birds pose no threat to the monkeys
D. prove drones are more appealing to the monkeys
48. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The study conducted by Fischer and her team was painstaking.
B. Monkeys differ greatly in their ability to adapt to a new sound.
C. Researchers have unlocked why monkeys learn quickly in nature.
D. Monkeys turn out to be quite flexible in their vocal communication.
49. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Unbelievable—Monkeys Should Make Different Sound!
B. How Do Monkeys Get New Tricks?
C. Monkeys See Drones...
D. Vervet Monkeys vs Green Monkeys
(B)
Getting to know Peru is to admire its churches, archaeological (考古的) sites, and houses with balconies, who are witnesses to the rich history and guardians of the cultural treasures of Peru. We invite you to discover the top 5 most representative collections.
Royal Tombs of Sipan
This is an exceptional exhibition of the Lord of Sipan, one of the most powerful men of ancient Peru, ruler of the Mochica Culture which dominated the Peruvian northern coast between 100 and 800 A.D. The Complex features the artifacts found within its tomb. The tour includes a visit to the archaeological site, which gives you a complete view of this magnificent discovery.
Lima Art Museum
Also known as MALI, the museum is home to a collection of more than 17,000 works exhibited in its permanent galleries including art, textiles and silverware from the first Andean civilizations to our days. In addition, the museum’s temporary galleries highlight local and international exhibitions. The building that houses the Museum is located at the entrance of Lima’s historic downtown next to a beautiful public park and is one of the most beautiful examples of architecture in Lima.
MATE
Peru’s most recognized photographer. Mario Testino, has gained a place as one of the most influential fashion and portrait photographers of our times. Here in Peru, he has written a new chapter in art’s history by restoring a beautiful 19th Century mansion to its former glory to home a non-profit museum that brings Peruvian artists and culture to worldwide attention. The museum offers the best of international contemporary art and photography through a program of exhibitions, residencies, and events, alongside a permanent display of his work.
Santa Catalina Convent
This is not just another religious building—the 20,000-sq-meter complex is almost a castle within the Arequipa City. Occupying a whole block and guarded by imposing high walls, it is one of the most fascinating religious buildings in Peru. Its main attraction is the mix of Spanish an native elements in the architectural style and the splendid works of art, such as the art gallery containing pieces of the Cusco School of paintings showing the life of St. Catherine of Siena, and the murals (壁画) that can be seen all over the place.
50. The passage is mainly intended to ______.
A. highlight Peru’s rich history and well-known artifacts
B. recommend some of Peru’s places that are worth visiting
C. explain why Peru has protected its cultural treasures well
D. introduce most representative collections in Peru’s museums
51. The building of ______ has a foreign touch.
A. Royal Tombs of Sipan B. Lima Art Museum
C. MATE D. Santa Catalina Convent
52. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The Mochica Culture spread across Peru around 800 A.D.
B. Lima Art Museum is located on the outskirts of Lima.
C. Mario Testino plays a part in publicizing Peruvian culture.
D. Santa Catalina Convent is no longer used for religious purposes.
(C)
Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical (光学的) firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for his lack of training. However, on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Applied Optics and Optical Design, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated someday with Buchdahl’s Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes the overall properties of optical systems considered as “black boxes,” although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl’s book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however, a comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer’s needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt (称职的) has, at some point in his career, attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been rare. Therefore, the theory has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern how optical systems work and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable physicist, but as one who, with a knowledge of practical optics, has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl’s approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be nonmathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at every point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
53. Hamiltonian theory has been met with failure as a result of ______.
A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
B. concepts too difficult for most lens designers to understand
C. too much mathematical detail in the theory
D. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
54. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is ______.
A. valuable only to those beginning to study optics
B. necessary to those interested in developing new optical systems
C. useless to those interested in practical optics
D. valuable to any student of optics
55. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found in ______.
A. indirect ways
B. a fundamental power within the theory
C. the conceptual elegance of the theory
D. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems
56. This passage is probably taken from ______.
A. a book review B. a chemistry textbook
C. an optician’s journal D. a general science text
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects.
B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.
C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.
D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.
E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living.
F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options.
Living off grid
When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water. you turn on the tap. 57 For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid—without electricity, water or sewage—is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.
Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle—some choose to, but most use small hydrolectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. 58 It ranges from additional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions—the ultimate goal for off-gridders.
Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. 59 They grow their own foo, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option.
A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement.
Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities. 60 Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.
第Ⅱ卷（70’）
Ⅳ. Grammar (20’)
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each other.
(A)
Elon Musk Tweets an Ancient Chinese Poem. Here’s What It Means
The world’s richest man caught up in Twitter spats (小争吵), now wants some peace. In a Monday tweet, Elon Musk wrote “humankined,” followed by the Chinese poem The Quatrain of Seven Steps, a widely known classical poem used 1__________ (describe) infighting between closely-related people. Here is the poem 2__________ (translate) into English by Moss Roberts:
Beans a simmer on a beanstalk flame
From inside the pot expressed their ire:
“Alive we sprouted on a single root—What’s your rush to cook us on the fire?”
The verses were attributed to Cao Zhi, the son of famous warlord Cao Cao, 3__________ lived between 192 and 232 during the Three Kingdoms period. What exactly happened in history is contested. But the popular tale goes 4__________ after Cao Cao’s death, his oldes son Cao Pi succeeded him to become an emperor. Cao Pi was jealous of his younger brother Cao Zhi’s literary talent and wanted to find an excuse to kill him. One day, Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhi to make a poem about their fraternal (兄弟间的) relationship within seven paces, and swore to have the younger brother executed 5__________ he failed.
Cao Zhi then made the bean-themed verses 6__________ the spot, alluding (影射) to Cao Pi’s cruel attempt to murder his own sibling. 7__________ (feel) ashamed, Cao Pi eventually let Cao Zhi go.
In China, the poem is taught to primary school students and is often quoted by people to describe unnecessary rivalries. Interest users, including people in China, are confused over what Musk 8__________ (refer) to. Musk later liked a reply to his post that translated the verses as “Humans are fro the same ancestor, why are we so eager to destroy each other?” He 9__________ be talking bout a recent argument with the United Nations’ World Food Program. After the program’s director David Beaslety challenged the ultra-rich to provide $6 billion to help 42 million people, Musk over the weekend said he would sell his Tesla shares if the program could show on Twitter exactly 10__________ $6 billion could solve world hunger. Beasley invited Musk to talk, but Musk demanded open books (一目了然的事物) fro the organization.
(B)
Fun Facts about Pigeons
Pigeons are the most misunderstood of all creatures. Upon seeing a flock of pigeons, many people want 11__________ more than to run a mile in the other direction. Pigeons are commonly viewed as carriers and spreaders of disease, but that’s actually not true. People may be surprised to learn that these creatures have a number of 12__________ (fascinate) characteristics that should not be overlooked.
First, pigeons are highly skilled navigators (领航员). A pigeon can find its way back to its nest after 13__________ (transport) more than a thousand miles away from it! Because of this ability, humans 14__________ (use) pigeons to their advantage for centuries.
Another interesting yet not so admirable quality of pigeons is that they appear to be master procrastinators (拖延者). Scientific studies have shown that pigeons often delay the completion of a dull or troublesome task when an immediately 15__________ (convenient) alternative is available. Maybe pigeons could “give humans a run for their money” when it comes to putting off work!
Next, we come to the unpleasant topic of pigeon droppings. Urban dwellers are used to seeing streets 16__________ (litter) with these droppings. Although pigeon poo is seen as a problem in modern times, several centuries ago, it was actually considered a valuable commodity 17__________ its usefulness as a fertilizer.
Finally, it cannot be denied 18__________ intelligent creatures pigeons are. In addition to their navigation skills and excellent sense of hearing, they can distinguish between the letters of the Roman alphabet and differentiate between human faces in photographs.
So, 19__________ __________ you feel disgusted upon encountering a pigeon, 20__________ (remember) that besides carrying little disease risk, these birds are smart creatures with many wonderful abilities.
Ⅴ. Summary Writing (10’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
As the world sees more and more extreme weather patterns, it’s becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of climate change. It is now a common topic of discussion and it has even found its way into the books we read. Because of this, a genre called climate fiction. or cli-fi, has found new life.
As the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with a central theme of climate change or global warming. These kinds of books can help us imagine what the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events. Adeline Johns-Putra is a professor of literature at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in Suzhou and has edited many books on climate fiction. “It’s part of a pattern,” Johns-Putra told Smithsonian Magazine. “It’s a feedback loop (环), as these books feed into our awareness and that feeds into our demand to read these books.”
The genre is also gaining popularity with high school and college students because it looks at topics that are relevant to what’s really happening today. Also, many cli-fi novels tend to have dystopian (反乌托邦的) themes, which are very popular in young adult novels. In 2015, cli-fi author Sarah Holding wrote for The Guardian that cli-fi “reconnects young readers with their environment”, which helps them appreciate it more, “especially when today, a large amount of their time is spent in the virtual world”.
Cli-fi has also helped to inspire students to pursue science majors, with some universities even offering courses specifically focusing on climate fiction. “These books aren’t going to save the world in any straight form or way,” Johns-Putra commented. “But they’re certainly going to help us think about how the world gets saved.” As Atwood wrote in her dystopian cli-fi novel MaddAddam, “People need such stories, because however dark, a darkness with voices in it is better than a silent void (空间).”
Ⅵ. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets.
21.在这样一个特殊的时期，你怎么会在开会时忘记带口罩了？（How come）
22.在上海的其他任何地方你都找不到味道比这里更纯正的意大利餐馆了。（Nowhere）
23.手机支付越来越普及，却给老眼昏花又不能熟练使用智能手机的老人造成了诸多不便。（despite）
24.过去几十年，人们对国外潮流趋之若鹜，但如今，他们开始对茶道，古诗词这样的传统文化越来越感兴趣了。（see）
Ⅶ. Guide Writing (25’)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是交大附中的高三学生李华。现学校的新大楼即将落成，现学校就新大楼的命名向全校师生征集意见，请你就新大楼的名字提出你自己的建议，并给出你的理由。
参考答案
1-10 CBDCC CABDD
11-13 ADD 14-16 ABD 17-20 BADB
21-30 EAJBG CIDFK
31-45 ACCBA BADCB DACCD
46-60 BBAC BDC DDAA BDAC
(A) 1. to describe 2. translated 3. who 4. that 5. if
6. on 7. feeling 8. was referring/referred 9. could/might 10. how
(B) 11. nothing 12. fascinating 13. being transported 14. have used
15. more convenient 16. littered 17. because of/due to/owing to 18. what
19. next time 20. remember
Summary
Climate changes have inspired climate fiction or cli-fi (1), a new genre of writing with a theme of global warming (1). The genre is popular among high school and college students because it relates to the real situation (1). The genre has also motivated students to pursue further study in science majors (1), helping students to think about how to save the world (1).
Translation
21. How come you forget to wear the mask again when you attend the meeting in such a special period?
1 1 0.5 0.5
22. Nowhere else in Shanghai can you find an Italian restaurant with purer/more authentic taste than here.
1 1 1
23. Despite the (growing) popularity of mobile payment, it has caused a lot of inconvenience to the elderly/old people
1 1 1
who can’t see clearly and are not skilled/expert at using smartphones.
1
24. The past few decades have seen people worshipping/pursuing/following/seeking after foreign trends
1 1
desperately/blindly/crazily, but now they are beginning to show growing interest in/be increasingly interested in
0.5 1
such traditional cultures as the tea ceremony and ancient poetry.
0.5 0.5 0.5
Guided writing (略)
听力文本
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: You waited at the new restaurant yesterday, didn’t you? Was there much of await to be seated?
M: Wish I had brought a book or something to kill my time.
Q: What does the man imply about the new restaurant?
2. W: Don’t you have your apartment key?
M: Its a good thing. I leave a spare with my neighbor so I can get in and get my books.
Q: What will the man most probably do next?
3. M: I don’t think we have enough information for our financial plan, but it’s due tomorrow.
W: So we will just have to make do with what we have got.
Q: What does the woman say they have to do?
4. W: Have you ever taken Doctor Parker’s tests? I hear they’re impossible to pass.
M: I don’t know who you’ve been talking to. My experience was just the opposite.
Q: What does the man imply?
5. M: I’m really happy. I got that athletic scholarship, but I wish my parents would stop boasting about it.
W: If you ask me, I think you deserve a little bit recognition.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. M: What sort of a grade did you get on your research paper? I know how hard you worked on it.
w: But the professor said that I made too many broad claims that weren’t supported enough.
Q: What does the woman mean about her research paper?
7. M: Mary, do you think the dish needs any more salt before I serve it?
W: It’s really quite nice. And we did exactly what mom says. Why take a chance of ruining it?
Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?
8. M: Would you mind asking Julia to give me a call? I was hoping she would be able to help out with course registration next week?
w: Sure, if I see her, she’s made herself pretty scarce lately.
Q: What does the woman mean?
9. M: I just got this car and it’s already falling apart. One of the door handles fell off and now the inside light won’t go on.
W: Hey, what’s the big deal? Falling apart is when your car needs a new engine, like mine does.
Q: What does the woman mean about the man’s car?
10. W: I am thinking about spending my spring breaks skiing at central mountains. You were there last year. How was it?
M: To be completely honest. That left a lot to be desired.
Q: What does the man imply?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
Old people used to say it’s not what you want in this world but what you get. Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house. For example, if we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, and such planning is essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise. if you want to find a job. write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself. For when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a picture of you working life and should include education, experience and references. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something concrete to sell, then you are ready to hunt for a job.
Questions:
11. What do the elders mean when they say it’s not what you want in this world but what you get?
12. Why does the writer mention making a blueprint before inviting a friend to dinner?
13. According to the text, why must one write an account of himself before starting to find a job
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
Once a business has successfully introduced a new process, the parent organization naturally wants to repeat that success. The goal then is to use existing knowledge. It’s less attractive, but it actually happens more often. However, getting things right the second time is not necessarily any simpler than it was the first time. It seems that most large industries are trying to repeat their previous successes, but most of the attempts fail. So why do so few managers get things right the second time? Let’s consider one reason for failure; placing too much trust in the people who are running the successful operation. Managers who want to apply existing knowledge typically start off by going to an expert. This approach can be used if you want to gain a rough understanding of a particular system or understand smaller isolated problems. The trouble is, even the expert doesn’t fully grasp the whole thing. When it comes to complex systems, the expert never has complete access to all the necessary information. And the situation is complicated even further by the fact that experts are usually not aware of their own ignorance. For instance, some details may be difficult to describe, learned on the job and well known by workers perhaps, but impossible to describe in a way that’s helpful. And there are some things that people know or do that they’re not even aware of.
Questions.
14. According to the speaker, how our attempts to copy existing processes compared with introducing new business processes?
15. What does the speaker say about asking experts for advice?
16. Why can’t experts fully understand a business system?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Justin. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?
M: Can I go out on a story immediately?
W: That’s admirable. but I’m afraid it would be unusual. Wait till you’re more experienced. First. We’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist; later, you can cover a story and present the article yourself.
M: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I really have a notebook and a camera.
W: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer with you. You maybe able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.
M: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?
W: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good nose for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.
M: What should I keep in mind?
W: Here comes my list of dos and don’ts: don’t miss your deadline; don’t be rude; don’t talk too much. But make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.
M: Why is listening so important?
W: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile, you have to prepare the next question, depending on what the person says.
M: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?
W: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you, you have the evidence to support your story.
M: I see. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now.
Questions:
17. What job is Justin trying to take up?
18. What does a good nose mean for journalists?
19. What will happen if journalists don’ listen carefully?
20. Why does the woman suggest using a recorder?
上海交通大学附属中学2022-2023学年度第一学期
高三英语摸底测试
（本试卷满分150分，120分钟完成。）
第Ⅰ卷（80’）
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper; and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. The seats there are uncomfortable.
B. There are more than enough seals.
C. It is popular with customers.
D. It provides customers with reading materials.
2. A. Give his neighbor a spare key.
B. Get his key from his neighbor.
C. Study in his neighbor’s apartment.
D. Borrow some books from his neighbor.
3. A. Hand in their financial plan later.
B. Leave their financial plan unfinished.
C. Seek more information for their financial plan.
D. Finish their financial plan with what they have.
4. A. He failed in Dr. Parker’s test.
B. Leave their financial plan unfinished.
C. Dr. Parker’s tests were not difficult.
D. The man’s parents stopped boasting about his scholarship.
5. A. The man should be recognized by his parents.
B. The man’s parents helped him get the scholarship.
C. The man should be praised for his accomplishment.
D. The man’s parents stopped boasting about his scholarship.
6. A. She didn’t work hard on it.
B. She made many persuasive claims in it.
C. It wasn’t as good as expected.
D. Her professor was satisfied with it.
7. A. Serve the dish as it is.
B. Taste the dish first.
C. Put some salt in the dish.
D. Ask mum about the fish.
8. A. She’ll call Julia next week.
B. She wonders if she’ll see Julia.
C. Julia doesn’t want others to see her.
D. Julia won’t be able to help the man.
9. A. It is a big deal.
B. It needs a new engine.
C. It doesn’t deserve repairing.
D. It is in better condition than hers.
10. A. He has a lot of experience as a skier.
B. He hasn’t ever been to central mountains.
C. He plans to go skiing during his spring break.
D. He doesn’t recommend going to central mountains.
Section B (15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. It’s no use dreaming.
B. What you get is just what you want.
C. You are not satisfied with what you have.
D. You are not clearly aware of what you want.
12. A. As a principle for cooking.
B. As a guideline for applying for a job.
C. As an explanation of how to get a good job.
D. As an example of a blueprint.
13. A. It is required by the employer.
B. It enables him to sell his abilities.
C. It helps him to get connected with the employer.
D. It forces him to become clearly aware of himself.
Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. More frequent.
B. More attractive.
C. More successful.
D. More straightforward.
15. A. Too few managers ever do it.
B. It can be useful in certain circumstances.
C. Experts are sometimes unwilling to give opinions.
D. It can help to have a whole grasp of the complex system.
16. A. They may rely too much on details.
B. They may ignore some necessary information.
C. They can’t get in touch with employees.
D. They may not have access to the whole thing.
Question 17 to 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. A writer. B. A journalist. C. A story-teller. D. A photographer.
18. A. The ability to judge whether a story is true to the fact.
B. The ability to keep in mind the importance of a deadline.
C. The ability to research the sense of smell professionally.
D. The ability to inform people of the missing parts of the story.
19. A. The might fail to be capable note-takers.
B. The might concentrate too much on details.
C. They might be lacking in the trick of the trade.
D. They might have no idea what to ask later.
20. A. To promote the process of interviews.
B. To keep the evidence.
C. To challenge the content of recordings.
D. To assess the information journalists need to know.
Ⅱ. Vocabulary (10’)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. abandoning
B. captured
C. caution
D. dominant
E. enduring
F. fearful
G. grief
H. isolation
I. locked
J. popularized
K. revolutionary
Welcome to the YOLO Economy
Something strange is happening to the exhausted, type-A millennial workers of America. After a year spent hunched (弯腰驼背) over their MacBooks, 21 back-to-back Zooms, they are deciding to risk it all. Some are 22 stable jobs to start a new business, and others are stepping off the career treadmill altogether.
If this movement has a rallying cry, it’s “YOLO”—“you only live once,” an acronym (首字母缩略词) 23 by the rapper Drake a decade ago and used by cheerful risk-takers ever since. It has come to characterize the attitude that has 24 a certain type of bored office worker in recent months.
To be clear: The pandemic is not over, and millions of Americans are still experiencing 25 for the loss of jobs and loved ones. Not everyone can afford to throw 26 to the wind. But for a growing number of people with financial cushions and in-demand skills, the dread and anxiety of the past year are giving way to a new kind of professional fearlessness.
“It feels like we’ve been so 27 into careers for the past decade, and this is our opportunity to switch it up.” said Nate Moseley, 29, a buyer at a major clothing retailer. “The idea of going right back to the pre-Covid setup sounds so unappealing after this past year,” he said. “If not now, when will I ever do this?” If “languishing (受煎熬)” is 2021’s 28 emotion, YOLOing may be the year’s defining work force trend. A recent Microsoft survey found that more than 40 percent of workers globally were considering leaving their jobs this year.
29 of employees’ quitting jobs, bosses are trying to boost morale (士气) and prevent burnout. LinkedIn recently gave the majority of its employees a paid week off.
Raises and time off may persuade some employees to stay put. But for others, stasis (停滞) is the problem, and the only solution is 30 change.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
America’s eating habits have changed radically over the past 40 years. We consume more and more food of less and less nutritional value. The nation’s adult obesity rate is now 42.4%.
Why have our habits changed? Part of the reason is demographic (人口学的). When women moved into the workplace, 31 , there was less time at home to devote to cooking. The result has been more eating out or store-bought prepared meals. 32 has played a role, too: The microwave oven 33 an industry of highly processed fools larded with fats and oils.
In Hooked, Michael Moss, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, raises a question—What if the foods we’re swallowing have been designed and marked to become addictive? While presenting his case, Mr. Moss offers an appealing tour of America’s food 34 , taking side trips into biology and psychology and, not least, into the world of food compounds.
Mr. Moss begins with the science of addition. The definition of addiction he likes best—“a repetitive behavior that some people find difficult to quit”—comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.
As for the 35 that affects our food choices, Mr. Moss notes that, while it takes 10 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster—and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference 36 nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain, while sugar and salt take a 37 through the taste buds (味蕾). But the tongue is 38 by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While presenting his case, Mr. Moss offers and appealing tour of America’s food 34 , taking side trips into biology and psychology and, not least, into the world of food compounds.
Mr. Moss begin with the science of addition. The definition of addition he likes best— “a repetitive behavior that some people find difficult to quit”—comes from a one-time chief executive of Philip Morris.
As for the 35 that affects our food choices, Mr. Moss notes that, while it takes l0 seconds for the brain to feel the effects of cigarettes, sugar’s effects are felt 20 times faster—and salt and fat don’t take much longer than that. The difference 36 nicotine (尼古丁) needing to enter the bloodstream to reach the brain. while sugar and salt take a 37 through the taste buds (味蕾). But the tongue is 38 by the nose when it comes to driving our eating decisions. While there are 10,000 taste buds, there are 10 million olfactory receptors (嗅觉受体), and they can detect hundreds of scents. “Flavor is the combination of taste and smell,” writes Mr. Moss, “and the lion’s share of the 39 in this goes to smell.”
Or all the substances that can get us hooked, Mr. Moss says, “nothing is faster than food when it comes to 40 the brain chemistry. Certain kinds of food, that is.” The consumption of the highly processed and sweetened concoctions (调制品) that dominate the American diet: cereals, sodas, fruit juices, cookies, packaged meats, as well as salad dressing and pasta sauces delivers intense and immediate pleasure and creates a need that fits Mr. Moss’s broad definition of addiction.
Why are we only now seeing the harmful effects of the food-induced brain chemistry? Mr. Moss summarizes the thinking of one of the scientists be profiles: “We simply haven’t had the 41 we would need, in relation to evolution, to catch up with the dramatic changes in food production and our eating habits of the past forty years.”
One major theme of “Hooked” is that the food industry exploits this 42 —even creates it. Mr. Moss argues that the industry’s growth has been enabled by its “manipulation of our 43 desires,” not least through marketing and sales strategies. He describes companies super-sizing their products (such as the “Double Stuf” Oreo) and creating packaging that can remain 44 (thus casing consumption while, say, driving). One byproduct of these strategies, observes Mr. Moss, is that snacks—often processed products with high convenience but low nutritional value—now account for about 25% of daily calorie consumption. Social norms have adjusted themselves 45 : It has become “socially acceptable to cat anything, anywhere, anytime,” Mr. Moss writes.
31. A. for instance B. after all C. vice versa D. in addition
32. A. Marketing B. Service C. Technology D. Efficiency
33. A. made up for B. cast light on C. gave birth to D. went in for
34. A. industry B. landscape C. market D. production
35. A. biology B. psychology C. mindset D. mentality
36. A. hides from B. stems from C. shifts from D. emerges from
37. A. shortcut B. bow C. twist D. chance
38. A. compared B. paralleled C. leveled D. overtaken
39. A. decision B. route C. credit D. benefit
40. A. checking out B. stirring up C. paying off D. responding to
41. A. temper B. limit C. gap D. time
42. A. mismatch B. consumption C. rate D. pride
43. A. intellectual B. rebellious C. instinctual D. conditional
44. A. distinctive B. stylish C. upright D. appetizing
45. A. positively B. progressively C. unexpectedly D. accordingly
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
How do you teach a monkey new tricks? Labs have proved difficult places to train monkeys to respond to different sounds, but in the forests of Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park, researchers were astonished how quickly one species of monkey adapted its behavior to a new sound.
Julia Fischer at the German Primate Center in Gottingen and her team flew drones over a community of green monkeys in the area, to see what they made of a new flying object in their environment. They responded instantly, making alarm calls to warn one another of the potential new threat.
The vocalizations were distant from the ones they made in response to models of leopards and snakes, but almost identical to calls made by a related species of monkey about eagles. The results suggest a hardwired response to the perception of an aerial threat and the use of that specific call.
They monkeys adapted so quickly to the mechanical noise that they began scanning the skies and making the calls even when the sound of the drone was played from the ground. The monkeys were never seen issuing alarm calls in response to birds of prey in the area, suggesting that the birds they usually see aren’t considered a threat. The drones, however, seemed to be perceived as dangerous. “It’s certainly disconnecting, unpredictable, something they’ve not seen before, so it makes sense to alert everybody,” say Fischer. She says she was “blown away” by how rapidly the monkeys appeared to learn. “The listeners are smart. It’s almost impossible to get a monkey in a lab to do an audio task. It isn’t clear why such learning is harder in a lab environment,” she says.
The study involved a year’s worth of fieldwork by a team of eight, who flew the drone about 60 meters above the monkeys. The research wasn’t without incident. Fisher had to duck inside a shelter made of palm leaves at one point, after a baboon ran to attack the leopard model she was holding.
Vervet monkeys in East Africa are related to green monkeys. They have been closely studied for the different calls they make in response to a variety of predators, including pythons, leopards, baboons and martial eagles.
The expectation for the green monkey study was that they would stay silent. come up with a new alarm call or produce one similar to the velvet monkeys’ eagle call. Fischer’s bet was on the eagle call option, and she was proved right. The vocalization appears to be highly conserved by evolution. “It teaches us about how different their vocal communication system is from ours,” says Fischer. “There is a very limited level of flexibility.”
46. What can be learned about green monkeys’ behavioral adaptability to a new sound?
A. They made sounds similar to a new flying object.
B. They alerted each other to possible danger.
C. They responded as though they had seen eagles.
D. They scanned the sky for the source of the sound.
47. In paragraph 4, the writer mentions “birds of prey in the area” in order to ______.
A. compare the different sounds made by the monkeys
B. specify the monkeys’ extraordinary adaptability
C. illustrate these birds pose no threat to the monkeys
D. prove drones are more appealing to the monkeys
48. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The study conducted by Fischer and her team was painstaking.
B. Monkeys differ greatly in their ability to adapt to a new sound.
C. Researchers have unlocked why monkeys learn quickly in nature.
D. Monkeys turn out to be quite flexible in their vocal communication.
49. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Unbelievable—Monkeys Should Make Different Sound!
B. How Do Monkeys Get New Tricks?
C. Monkeys See Drones...
D. Vervet Monkeys vs Green Monkeys
(B)
Getting to know Peru is to admire its churches, archaeological (考古的) sites, and houses with balconies, who are witnesses to the rich history and guardians of the cultural treasures of Peru. We invite you to discover the top 5 most representative collections.
Royal Tombs of Sipan
This is an exceptional exhibition of the Lord of Sipan, one of the most powerful men of ancient Peru, ruler of the Mochica Culture which dominated the Peruvian northern coast between 100 and 800 A.D. The Complex features the artifacts found within its tomb. The tour includes a visit to the archaeological site, which gives you a complete view of this magnificent discovery.
Lima Art Museum
Also known as MALI, the museum is home to a collection of more than 17,000 works exhibited in its permanent galleries including art, textiles and silverware from the first Andean civilizations to our days. In addition, the museum’s temporary galleries highlight local and international exhibitions. The building that houses the Museum is located at the entrance of Lima’s historic downtown next to a beautiful public park and is one of the most beautiful examples of architecture in Lima.
MATE
Peru’s most recognized photographer. Mario Testino, has gained a place as one of the most influential fashion and portrait photographers of our times. Here in Peru, he has written a new chapter in art’s history by restoring a beautiful 19th Century mansion to its former glory to home a non-profit museum that brings Peruvian artists and culture to worldwide attention. The museum offers the best of international contemporary art and photography through a program of exhibitions, residencies, and events, alongside a permanent display of his work.
Santa Catalina Convent
This is not just another religious building—the 20,000-sq-meter complex is almost a castle within the Arequipa City. Occupying a whole block and guarded by imposing high walls, it is one of the most fascinating religious buildings in Peru. Its main attraction is the mix of Spanish an native elements in the architectural style and the splendid works of art, such as the art gallery containing pieces of the Cusco School of paintings showing the life of St. Catherine of Siena, and the murals (壁画) that can be seen all over the place.
50. The passage is mainly intended to ______.
A. highlight Peru’s rich history and well-known artifacts
B. recommend some of Peru’s places that are worth visiting
C. explain why Peru has protected its cultural treasures well
D. introduce most representative collections in Peru’s museums
51. The building of ______ has a foreign touch.
A. Royal Tombs of Sipan B. Lima Art Museum
C. MATE D. Santa Catalina Convent
52. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The Mochica Culture spread across Peru around 800 A.D.
B. Lima Art Museum is located on the outskirts of Lima.
C. Mario Testino plays a part in publicizing Peruvian culture.
D. Santa Catalina Convent is no longer used for religious purposes.
(C)
Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical (光学的) firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for his lack of training. However, on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Applied Optics and Optical Design, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated someday with Buchdahl’s Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes the overall properties of optical systems considered as “black boxes,” although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl’s book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however, a comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer’s needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt (称职的) has, at some point in his career, attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been rare. Therefore, the theory has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern how optical systems work and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable physicist, but as one who, with a knowledge of practical optics, has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl’s approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be nonmathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at every point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
53. Hamiltonian theory has been met with failure as a result of ______.
A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
B. concepts too difficult for most lens designers to understand
C. too much mathematical detail in the theory
D. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
54. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is ______.
A. valuable only to those beginning to study optics
B. necessary to those interested in developing new optical systems
C. useless to those interested in practical optics
D. valuable to any student of optics
55. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found in ______.
A. indirect ways
B. a fundamental power within the theory
C. the conceptual elegance of the theory
D. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems
56. This passage is probably taken from ______.
A. a book review B. a chemistry textbook
C. an optician’s journal D. a general science text
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Many are self-sufficient, not just providing their own electricity, water and sewage systems, but in all aspects.
B. After you use the toilet, you flush it and the waste disappears.
C. This shift from individual to group off-gridding reflects the fact that the trend is growing noticeably.
D. They live in a huge variety of types of accommodation.
E. Living off-grid still has a long way to go before it becomes a mainstream way of living.
F. Rather than building permanent homes, vans or mobile homes or even old shipping containers are other options.
Living off grid
When you need electricity, you just plug in the machine and switch it on. If you need water. you turn on the tap. 57 For many people, these facilities are the basics of civilized society and the idea of living without them seems risky. Yet for a growing number of people, the idea of living off grid—without electricity, water or sewage—is an increasingly attractive lifestyle.
Off-gridders do not have to give up electricity or a modern lifestyle—some choose to, but most use small hydrolectric power systems, solar panels or windmills to generate enough power for their needs. Heating and cooking needs are met by solar energy or wood burning systems, and toilet facilities range from non-water toilets to outside compost toilets. 58 It ranges from additional yurts (a type of tent) to luxury house with high-speed internet and central heating. Whether they live in simple homes or luxury houses, what they all have in common is that their lifestyles do not create any pollution or carbon emissions—the ultimate goal for off-gridders.
Around 100,000 people are thought to be living off grid in the UK now. 59 They grow their own foo, home-school their children and provide their own medical care. They are people who have been priced out of the housing market or who have grown disillusioned with what modern society can offer and who decides that an alternative lifestyle isn’t a pipe dream, but a viable option.
A part from living an alternative lifestyle, cost is a big factor in choosing to live off-grid. Off-grid houses are far cheaper to build than ordinary homes since they don’t need to be connected to the electricity or water supplies and even road access is not necessary. Materials tend to be cheaper, too. Popular options include straw or old tyres and cement.
Surprisingly, the biggest problem off-gridders face is not building their homes or becoming self-sufficient but getting permission to build. Rural areas away from town are the perfect choice but these are often protected by law from construction of any kind or have building restrictions. There are now several websites dedicated to land-sharing so that the costs of buying land and getting permission can be shared, and there are increasing numbers of off-grid communities. 60 Off-gridding could soon be common all over Europe and America.
第Ⅱ卷（70’）
Ⅳ. Grammar (20’)
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each other.
(A)
Elon Musk Tweets an Ancient Chinese Poem. Here’s What It Means
The world’s richest man caught up in Twitter spats (小争吵), now wants some peace. In a Monday tweet, Elon Musk wrote “humankined,” followed by the Chinese poem The Quatrain of Seven Steps, a widely known classical poem used 1__________ (describe) infighting between closely-related people. Here is the poem 2__________ (translate) into English by Moss Roberts:
Beans a simmer on a beanstalk flame
From inside the pot expressed their ire:
“Alive we sprouted on a single root—What’s your rush to cook us on the fire?”
The verses were attributed to Cao Zhi, the son of famous warlord Cao Cao, 3__________ lived between 192 and 232 during the Three Kingdoms period. What exactly happened in history is contested. But the popular tale goes 4__________ after Cao Cao’s death, his oldes son Cao Pi succeeded him to become an emperor. Cao Pi was jealous of his younger brother Cao Zhi’s literary talent and wanted to find an excuse to kill him. One day, Cao Pi ordered Cao Zhi to make a poem about their fraternal (兄弟间的) relationship within seven paces, and swore to have the younger brother executed 5__________ he failed.
Cao Zhi then made the bean-themed verses 6__________ the spot, alluding (影射) to Cao Pi’s cruel attempt to murder his own sibling. 7__________ (feel) ashamed, Cao Pi eventually let Cao Zhi go.
In China, the poem is taught to primary school students and is often quoted by people to describe unnecessary rivalries. Interest users, including people in China, are confused over what Musk 8__________ (refer) to. Musk later liked a reply to his post that translated the verses as “Humans are fro the same ancestor, why are we so eager to destroy each other?” He 9__________ be talking bout a recent argument with the United Nations’ World Food Program. After the program’s director David Beaslety challenged the ultra-rich to provide $6 billion to help 42 million people, Musk over the weekend said he would sell his Tesla shares if the program could show on Twitter exactly 10__________ $6 billion could solve world hunger. Beasley invited Musk to talk, but Musk demanded open books (一目了然的事物) fro the organization.
(B)
Fun Facts about Pigeons
Pigeons are the most misunderstood of all creatures. Upon seeing a flock of pigeons, many people want 11__________ more than to run a mile in the other direction. Pigeons are commonly viewed as carriers and spreaders of disease, but that’s actually not true. People may be surprised to learn that these creatures have a number of 12__________ (fascinate) characteristics that should not be overlooked.
First, pigeons are highly skilled navigators (领航员). A pigeon can find its way back to its nest after 13__________ (transport) more than a thousand miles away from it! Because of this ability, humans 14__________ (use) pigeons to their advantage for centuries.
Another interesting yet not so admirable quality of pigeons is that they appear to be master procrastinators (拖延者). Scientific studies have shown that pigeons often delay the completion of a dull or troublesome task when an immediately 15__________ (convenient) alternative is available. Maybe pigeons could “give humans a run for their money” when it comes to putting off work!
Next, we come to the unpleasant topic of pigeon droppings. Urban dwellers are used to seeing streets 16__________ (litter) with these droppings. Although pigeon poo is seen as a problem in modern times, several centuries ago, it was actually considered a valuable commodity 17__________ its usefulness as a fertilizer.
Finally, it cannot be denied 18__________ intelligent creatures pigeons are. In addition to their navigation skills and excellent sense of hearing, they can distinguish between the letters of the Roman alphabet and differentiate between human faces in photographs.
So, 19__________ __________ you feel disgusted upon encountering a pigeon, 20__________ (remember) that besides carrying little disease risk, these birds are smart creatures with many wonderful abilities.
Ⅴ. Summary Writing (10’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
As the world sees more and more extreme weather patterns, it’s becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the effects of climate change. It is now a common topic of discussion and it has even found its way into the books we read. Because of this, a genre called climate fiction. or cli-fi, has found new life.
As the name suggests, climate fiction refers to stories with a central theme of climate change or global warming. These kinds of books can help us imagine what the world might be like in the future because of major climate change events. Adeline Johns-Putra is a professor of literature at Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University in Suzhou and has edited many books on climate fiction. “It’s part of a pattern,” Johns-Putra told Smithsonian Magazine. “It’s a feedback loop (环), as these books feed into our awareness and that feeds into our demand to read these books.”
The genre is also gaining popularity with high school and college students because it looks at topics that are relevant to what’s really happening today. Also, many cli-fi novels tend to have dystopian (反乌托邦的) themes, which are very popular in young adult novels. In 2015, cli-fi author Sarah Holding wrote for The Guardian that cli-fi “reconnects young readers with their environment”, which helps them appreciate it more, “especially when today, a large amount of their time is spent in the virtual world”.
Cli-fi has also helped to inspire students to pursue science majors, with some universities even offering courses specifically focusing on climate fiction. “These books aren’t going to save the world in any straight form or way,” Johns-Putra commented. “But they’re certainly going to help us think about how the world gets saved.” As Atwood wrote in her dystopian cli-fi novel MaddAddam, “People need such stories, because however dark, a darkness with voices in it is better than a silent void (空间).”
Ⅵ. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets.
21.在这样一个特殊的时期，你怎么会在开会时忘记带口罩了？（How come）
22.在上海的其他任何地方你都找不到味道比这里更纯正的意大利餐馆了。（Nowhere）
23.手机支付越来越普及，却给老眼昏花又不能熟练使用智能手机的老人造成了诸多不便。（despite）
24.过去几十年，人们对国外潮流趋之若鹜，但如今，他们开始对茶道，古诗词这样的传统文化越来越感兴趣了。（see）
Ⅶ. Guide Writing (25’)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
你是交大附中的高三学生李华。现学校的新大楼即将落成，现学校就新大楼的命名向全校师生征集意见，请你就新大楼的名字提出你自己的建议，并给出你的理由。
参考答案
1-10 CBDCC CABDD
11-13 ADD 14-16 ABD 17-20 BADB
21-30 EAJBG CIDFK
31-45 ACCBA BADCB DACCD
46-60 BBAC BDC DDAA BDAC
(A) 1. to describe 2. translated 3. who 4. that 5. if
6. on 7. feeling 8. was referring/referred 9. could/might 10. how
(B) 11. nothing 12. fascinating 13. being transported 14. have used
15. more convenient 16. littered 17. because of/due to/owing to 18. what
19. next time 20. remember
Summary
Climate changes have inspired climate fiction or cli-fi (1), a new genre of writing with a theme of global warming (1). The genre is popular among high school and college students because it relates to the real situation (1). The genre has also motivated students to pursue further study in science majors (1), helping students to think about how to save the world (1).
Translation
21. How come you forget to wear the mask again when you attend the meeting in such a special period?
1 1 0.5 0.5
22. Nowhere else in Shanghai can you find an Italian restaurant with purer/more authentic taste than here.
1 1 1
23. Despite the (growing) popularity of mobile payment, it has caused a lot of inconvenience to the elderly/old people
1 1 1
who can’t see clearly and are not skilled/expert at using smartphones.
1
24. The past few decades have seen people worshipping/pursuing/following/seeking after foreign trends
1 1
desperately/blindly/crazily, but now they are beginning to show growing interest in/be increasingly interested in
0.5 1
such traditional cultures as the tea ceremony and ancient poetry.
0.5 0.5 0.5
Guided writing (略)
听力文本
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. W: You waited at the new restaurant yesterday, didn’t you? Was there much of await to be seated?
M: Wish I had brought a book or something to kill my time.
Q: What does the man imply about the new restaurant?
2. W: Don’t you have your apartment key?
M: Its a good thing. I leave a spare with my neighbor so I can get in and get my books.
Q: What will the man most probably do next?
3. M: I don’t think we have enough information for our financial plan, but it’s due tomorrow.
W: So we will just have to make do with what we have got.
Q: What does the woman say they have to do?
4. W: Have you ever taken Doctor Parker’s tests? I hear they’re impossible to pass.
M: I don’t know who you’ve been talking to. My experience was just the opposite.
Q: What does the man imply?
5. M: I’m really happy. I got that athletic scholarship, but I wish my parents would stop boasting about it.
W: If you ask me, I think you deserve a little bit recognition.
Q: What does the woman mean?
6. M: What sort of a grade did you get on your research paper? I know how hard you worked on it.
w: But the professor said that I made too many broad claims that weren’t supported enough.
Q: What does the woman mean about her research paper?
7. M: Mary, do you think the dish needs any more salt before I serve it?
W: It’s really quite nice. And we did exactly what mom says. Why take a chance of ruining it?
Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?
8. M: Would you mind asking Julia to give me a call? I was hoping she would be able to help out with course registration next week?
w: Sure, if I see her, she’s made herself pretty scarce lately.
Q: What does the woman mean?
9. M: I just got this car and it’s already falling apart. One of the door handles fell off and now the inside light won’t go on.
W: Hey, what’s the big deal? Falling apart is when your car needs a new engine, like mine does.
Q: What does the woman mean about the man’s car?
10. W: I am thinking about spending my spring breaks skiing at central mountains. You were there last year. How was it?
M: To be completely honest. That left a lot to be desired.
Q: What does the man imply?
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
Old people used to say it’s not what you want in this world but what you get. Psychology teaches that you do get what you want if you know what you want and want the right things. You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house. For example, if we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, and such planning is essential for any type of meal to be served. Likewise. if you want to find a job. write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself. For when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services. This account of yourself is actually a picture of you working life and should include education, experience and references. It can be referred to in filling out standard application blanks and is extremely helpful in personal interviews. When you have carefully prepared a blueprint of your abilities and desires, you have something concrete to sell, then you are ready to hunt for a job.
Questions:
11. What do the elders mean when they say it’s not what you want in this world but what you get?
12. Why does the writer mention making a blueprint before inviting a friend to dinner?
13. According to the text, why must one write an account of himself before starting to find a job
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
Once a business has successfully introduced a new process, the parent organization naturally wants to repeat that success. The goal then is to use existing knowledge. It’s less attractive, but it actually happens more often. However, getting things right the second time is not necessarily any simpler than it was the first time. It seems that most large industries are trying to repeat their previous successes, but most of the attempts fail. So why do so few managers get things right the second time? Let’s consider one reason for failure; placing too much trust in the people who are running the successful operation. Managers who want to apply existing knowledge typically start off by going to an expert. This approach can be used if you want to gain a rough understanding of a particular system or understand smaller isolated problems. The trouble is, even the expert doesn’t fully grasp the whole thing. When it comes to complex systems, the expert never has complete access to all the necessary information. And the situation is complicated even further by the fact that experts are usually not aware of their own ignorance. For instance, some details may be difficult to describe, learned on the job and well known by workers perhaps, but impossible to describe in a way that’s helpful. And there are some things that people know or do that they’re not even aware of.
Questions.
14. According to the speaker, how our attempts to copy existing processes compared with introducing new business processes?
15. What does the speaker say about asking experts for advice?
16. Why can’t experts fully understand a business system?
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
W: Welcome. We’re delighted you’re coming to work with us. Justin. Your first job here will be an assistant journalist. Do you have any questions?
M: Can I go out on a story immediately?
W: That’s admirable. but I’m afraid it would be unusual. Wait till you’re more experienced. First. We’ll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist; later, you can cover a story and present the article yourself.
M: Wonderful. What do I need to take with me? I really have a notebook and a camera.
W: No need for a camera. You’ll have a professional photographer with you. You maybe able to concentrate on photography later if you’re interested.
M: What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story?
W: You need to be curious. Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know. We say a good journalist must have a good nose for a story. That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole truth and then try to discover it. They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.
M: What should I keep in mind?
W: Here comes my list of dos and don’ts: don’t miss your deadline; don’t be rude; don’t talk too much. But make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.
M: Why is listening so important?
W: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts. Meanwhile, you have to prepare the next question, depending on what the person says.
M: But how can I listen carefully while taking notes?
W: This is a trick of the trade. If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight. It’s also useful if a person wants to challenge you, you have the evidence to support your story.
M: I see. I’m looking forward to my first assignment now.
Questions:
17. What job is Justin trying to take up?
18. What does a good nose mean for journalists?
19. What will happen if journalists don’ listen carefully?
20. Why does the woman suggest using a recorder?
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