2022-2023学年上海市南模中学高三上学期开学考英语试题含答案
展开这是一份2022-2023学年上海市南模中学高三上学期开学考英语试题含答案,共13页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容,欢迎下载使用。
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Quantum cmputer chips demnstrated at the highest temperatures ever
Quantum cmputing is heating up. Fr the first time, quantum cmputer chips (21) ________ (perate) at a temperature abve -272℃, r 1 kelvin. That may still seem frigid, but it is just warm enugh t ptentially enable a huge leap in the capabilities.
Quantum cmputers are made f quantum bits, r qubits(量子比特), (22) ________ can be made in several different ways. One that (23) ________ (receive) attentin frm sme f the field's big players cnsists f electrns n a silicn chip.
These systems nly functin at extremely lw temperatures-belw 100 millikelvin, r -273.05℃ -s the qubits have t be stred in pwerful refrigeratrs. The electrnics that pwer them wn't run at such lw temperatures, and als emit heat that culd disrupt the qubits, s (24) ________ are generally stred utside the refrigeratrs with each qubit is cnnected by a wire t its electrnic cntrller.
“Eventually, fr useful quantum cmputing, we will need t g t smething like a millin qubits, and this srt f brute frce methd, with ne wire per qubit, wn't wrk any mre,” says Menn Veldhrst at QuTech in the Netherlands. “It wrks fr tw qubits, but nt fr a millin.”
Veldhrst and his clleagues, (25) ________ anther team led by researchers at the University f New Suth Wales in Australia, have hw demnstrated that these qubits can be perated at (26) ________ (high) temperatures. The latter team shwed they were able t cntrl the state f tw qubits n a chip at temperatures up t 1.5 kelvin, and Veldhrst's grup used tw qubits at 1. I kelvin in (27) ________ is called a lgic gate, which perfrms the basic peratins that make up mre cmplex calculatins.
(28) ________ we knw the qubits themselves can functin at higher temperatures, the next step is incrprating the electrnics nt the same chip. “I hpe that (29) ________ we have that circuit, it wn't be t hard t scale t smething with practical applicatins,” says Veldhrst.
Thse quantum circuits will be similar in many ways t the circuits we use f traditinal cmputers, s they can be scaled up relatively easily (30) ________ (cmpare) with ther kinds f quantum cmputers, he says.
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Wildfires rage as China's Chngqing suffers unrelenting recrd heat wave
Frm: CNN August 23, 2022
Thusands f emergency respnders are battling t (31) ________ fast-spreading wildfires in China's suthwestern city f Chngqing amid a weeks-lng, recrd heat wave in the regin.
The fires, which have been visible at night frm parts f the dwntwn area, have (32) ________ frests and muntains arund the mega city in recent days. On scial media, residents in dwntwn Chngqing cmplained f smelling smke inside their apartments, while thers psted pictures f burning embers frm the fires reaching their balcnies.
Municipal authrities have nt yet reprted any casualties and said the fires are being kept under cntrl, accrding t an update n Tuesday mrning. Mre than 1,500 residents have been (33) ________ t safe znes, while 5,000 firefighters, plice, lcal fficers and vlunteers, and seen firefighting helicpters have been dispatched t help cmbat the blazes, state-run Xinhua news agency reprted.
The fires in Chngqing were the result f “spntaneus cmbustin” mainly caused by (34) ________ high temperatures, Bai Ye, a prfessr at China's Frest and Grassland Fire Preventin and Extinguishing Research Center tld state-run Beijing Daily.
The wildfires are anther knck-n effect f a crippling heat wave China's wrst since 1961 -that has swept thrugh suthwestern, central and eastern parts f the cuntry in recent weeks, with temperatures crssing 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in mre than 100 cities.
They are als part f a glbal trend f wildfires that have ravaged areas frm Australia t Califrnia, with scientists saying (35) ________ glbal temperatures due t human-driven climate change increase the risk f these events.
China's heat wave has als brught (36) ________ demand fr air cnditining and reductins in hydrpwer capacity due t drught cnditins that have (37) ________ the cuntry's (38) ________ critical Yangtze River and cnnected waterways.
Earlier this week, Sichuan prvince, neighbring Chngqing, extended temprary pwer utages at factries in 19 f the regin's 21 cities. The pwer cuts will nw run until at least Thursday, in a mve the lcal gvernment says will ensure residential pwer supplies. Last week, the prvince's capital city Chengdu began (39) ________ lights in subway statins in a bid t save electricity. Chngqing enacted an rder fr factries t suspend peratins fr seven days starting last Wednesday, accrding t state media.
On Tuesday mrning, China issued a red alert heat warning, the highest f fur clr-cded levels, t at least 165 cities and cunties acrss the cuntry. Chinese authrities have (40) ________ said mre than 900 millin peple acrss the cuntry have been affected by the heat wave this summer.
III. Reading Cmprehensins
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage, there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Mind-reading AI turns thughts int wrds using a brain implant
An artificial intelligence can accurately translate thughts int sentences, at least fr a limited vcabulary f 250 wrds. The system may bring us a step clser t (41) ________ speech t peple wh have lst the ability because f paralysis.
Jseph Makin at the University f Califrnia, San Francisc, and his clleagues used deep learning algrithms t study the brain (42) ________ f fur wmen as they spke. The wmen, wh all have epilepsy, already had electrdes attached t their brains t (43) ________ seizures. Each wman was asked t read alud frm a set f sentences as the team measured brain activity. The largest grup f sentences (44) ________ 250 unique wrds.
The team fed this brain activity t a neural netwrk algrithm, training it t identify regularly (45) ________ patterns that culd be linked t repeated aspects f speech, such as vwels r cnsnants. These patterns were then fed t a secnd neural netwrk, which tried t turn them int wrds t (46) ________ a sentence.
Each wman repeated the sentences at least twice, and the final repetitin didn't frm part f the training data, (47) ________ the researchers t test the system. Each time a persn speaks the same sentence, the brain activity assciated will be similar but nt identical. “Memrising the brain activity f the these sentences wuldn't help, s the netwrk instead has t learn what's similar abut them s that it can generalise t this final example,” says Makin. Acrss the fur wmen, the AI's best (48) ________ was an average translatin errr rate f 3 per cent.
Makin says that using a small number f sentences made it easier fr the AI t learn which wrds tend t fllw thers. Fr example, the AI was able t decde that the wrd “Turner” was always likely t fllw the wrd “Tina” in this set f sentences, frm brain (49) ________ alne.
The team tried decding the brain signal data int (50) ________ wrds at time, rather than whle sentences, but this increased the errr rate t 38 per cent even fr the best perfrmance. “S the netwrk clearly is learning facts abut which wrds g tgether, and nt just which neural activity (51) ________ t which wrds,” says Makin. This will make it hard t (52) ________ the system t a larger vcabulary because each new wrd increases the number f pssible sentences, reducing (53) ________.
Making says 250 wrds culd still be useful fr peple wh can't talk. “We want t deply this in a patient with an actual speech disability,” he says, althugh it is pssible their brain activity may be different frm that f the wmen in this study, making this mre (54) ________.
Sphie Sctt at University Cllege Lndn says we are a lng way frm being able t translate brain signal data cmprehensively. “Yu prbably knw arund 250, 000 wrds, s it's still an incredibly (55) ________ set f speech that they're using,” she says.
41. A. inspectingB. restringC. admiringD. inspiring
42. A. emtinB. attractivenessC. awarenessD. signals
43. A. mnitrB. masterC. cntrlD. expect
44. A. cncludedB. excludedC. cntainedD. increased
45. A. extendedB. ccurringC. ignredD. cncerned
46. A. frmB. handleC. handD. frce
47. A. issuingB. prducingC. allwingD. acquiring
48. A. behavirB. cmmentC. preparatinD. perfrmance
49. A. pssibilityB. activityC. capacityD. respnsibility
50. A. individualB. financialC. scialD. technical
51. A. servesB. finishesC. mapsD. cmpetes
52. A. switch upB. put upC. rise upD. scale up
53. A. privacyB. accuracyC. currencyD. fluency
54. A. criticalB. specificC. prperD. difficult
55. A. cmmittedB. ppressedC. restrictedD. dminated
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passage. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Of all the cmpnents f a gd night's sleep, dreams seem t be least within ur cntrl. In dreams, a windw pens int a wrld where lgic is suspended and dead peple speak. A century ag, Freud frmulated his revlutinary thery that dreams were the disguised shadws f ur uncnscius desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurlgists had switched t thinking f them as just “mental nise”-the randm byprducts f the neural repair wrk that ges n during sleep. Nw researchers suspect that dreams are part f the mind's emtinal thermstat, regulating mds while the brain is “ff line.” And ne leading authrity says that these intensely pwerful mental events can be nt nly harnessed but actually brught under cnscius cntrl, t help us sleep and feel better. “It's yur dream,” says Rsalind Cartwright, chair f psychlgy at Chicag's Medical Center, “if yu dn't like it, change it.”
The link between dreams and emtins shws up amng the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Mst peple seem t have mre bad dreams early in the night, prgressing tward happier nes befre awakening, suggesting that they are wrking thrugh negative feelings generated during the day. Because ur cnscius mind is ccupied with daily life we dn't always think abut the emtinal significance f the day's events-until, it appears, we begin t dream.
And this prcess need nt be left t the uncnscius. Cartwright believes ne can exercise cnscius cntrl ver recurring bad dreams. As sn as yu awaken, identify what is upsetting abut the dream. Visualize hw yu wuld like it t end instead; the next time it ccurs, try t wake up just enugh t cntrl its curse. With much practice peple can learn t, literally, d it in their sleep.
At the end f the day, there's prbably little reasn t pay attentin t ur dreams at all unless they keep up frm sleeping r “we wake up in panic,” Cartwright says. Terrrism, ecnmic uncertainties and general feelings f insecurity have increased peple's anxiety. Thse suffering frm persistent nightmares shuld seek help frm a therapist. Fr the rest f us, the brain has its ways f wrking thrugh bad feelings. Sleep-r rather dream-n it and yu'll feel better in the mrning.
56. By saying that “dreams are part f the mind's emtinal thermstat.” (Para. 1) the researchers mean that ________.
A. we can think lgically in the dreams t
B. dreams can be brught under cnscius cntrl
C. dreams represent ur uncnscius desires and fears
D. dreams can help us keep ur md cmparatively stable
57. What did Cartwright find in her clinic?
A. Mst bad dreams were fllwed by happier nes.
B. Divrced cuples usually have mre bad dreams.
C. One's dreaming prcess is related t his emtin.
D. Peple having negative feelings dream mre ften.
58. That authr pints ut that a persn wh has cnstant bad dreams shuld ________.
A. learn t cntrl his dreams
B. cnsult a dctr
C. sleep and dream n it
D. get rid f anxiety first
(B)
Peple have been painting pictures fr at least 30, 000 years. The earliest pictures were painted by peple wh hunted animals. They used t paint pictures f the animals they wanted t catch and kill. Pictures f this kind have been fund n the walls f caves in France and Spain. N ne knws why they were painted there. Perhaps the painters thught that their pictures wuld help them t catch these animals. Or perhaps human beings have always wanted t tell stries in pictures.
Abut 5,000 years ag, the Egyptians and ther peple in the Near East began t use pictures as kind f writing. They drew simple pictures r signs t represent things and ideas, and als t represent the sunds f their language. The signs these peple used became a kind f alphabet. The Egyptians used t recrd infrmatin and t tell stries by putting picture writing and pictures tgether. When an imprtant persn died, scenes and stries frm his life were painted and carved n the walls f the place where he was buried. Sme f these pictures are like mdern cmic strip stries. It has been said that Egypt is the hme f the cmic strip. But, fr the Egyptians, pictures still had magic pwer. S they did nt try t make their way f writing simple. The rdinary peple culd nt understand it.
By the year 1,000 BC, peple wh lived in the area arund the Mediterranean Sea had develped a simpler system f writing. The signs they used were very easy t write, and there were fewer f them than in the Egyptian system. This was because each sign, r letter, represented nly ne sund in their language. The Greeks develped this system and frmed the letters f the Greek alphabet. The Rmans cpied the idea, and the Rman alphabet is nw used all ver the wrld.
These days, we can write dwn a stry, r recrd infrmatin, withut using pictures. But we still need pictures f all kinds: drawing, phtgraphs, signs and diagrams. We find them everywhere: in bks and newspapers, in the street, and n the walls f the places where we live and wrk. Pictures help us t understand and remember things mre easily, and they can make a stry much mre interesting.
59. Pictures f animals were painted n the walls f caves in France and Spain because ________.
A. the hunters wanted t see the pictures
B. the painters were animal lvers
C. the painters wanted t shw imaginatin
D. the pictures were thught t be helpful
60. The Greek alphabet was simpler than the Egyptian system fr all the fllwing reasns EXCEPT that ________.
A. the frmer was easy t write
B. there were fewer signs in the frmer
C. the frmer was easy t prnunce
D. each sign std fr nly ne sund
61. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A. The Egyptian signs later became a particular alphabet.
B. The Egyptians liked t write cmic strip stries.
C. The Rman alphabet was develped frm the Egyptian ne.
D. The Greeks cpied their writing system frm the Egyptians.
62. In the last paragraph, the authr thinks that pictures ________.
A. shuld be made cmprehensible
B. shuld be made interesting
C. are f much use in ur life
D. have disappeared frm ur life
(C)
I live in the land f Disney, Hllywd and year-rund sun. Yu may think peple in such a glamrus, fun-filled place are happier than thers. If s, yu have sme mistaken ideas abut the nature f happiness.
Many intelligent peple still equate happiness with fun. The truth is that fun and happiness have little r nthing in cmmn. Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, mre abiding emtin.
Ging t an amusement park r ball game, watching a mvie r televisin, are fun activities that help us relax, temprarily frget ur prblems and maybe even laugh. But they d nt bring happiness, because their psitive effects end when the fun ends.
I have ften thught that if Hllywd stars have a rle t play, it is t teach us that happiness has nthing t d with fun. These rich, beautiful individuals have cnstant access t glamrus parties, fancy cars, expensive hmes, everything that spells "happiness". But in memir after memir, celebrities reveal the unhappiness hidden beneath all their fun: depressin, alchlism, drug addictin, brken marriages, trubled children and prfund lneliness.
Ask a bachelr why he resists marriage even thugh he finds dating t be less and less satisfying. If he's hnest, he will tell yu that he is afraid f making a cmmitment. Fr cmmitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure and excitement. Marriage has such mments, but they are nt its mst distinguishing features.
Similarly, cuples that chse nt t have children are deciding in favr f painless fun ver painful happiness. They can dine ut ever they want and sleep as late as they want. Cuples with infant children are lucky t get a whle night's sleep r a three-day vacatin. I dn't knw any parent wh wuld chse the wrd fun t describe raising children.
Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nthing t d with fun is ne f the mst liberating realizatins we can ever cme t. It liberates time: nw we can devte mre hurs t activities that can genuinely increase ur happiness. It liberates mney: buying that new car r thse fancy clthes that will d nthing t increase ur happiness nw seems pintless. And it liberates us frm envy: we nw understand that all thse rich and glamrus peple we were s sure are happy because they are always having s much fun actually may nt be happy at all.
63. Which f the fllwing is true?
A. Fun creates lng-lasting satisfactin.
B. Fun prvides enjyment while pain leads t happiness.
C. Happiness is enduring whereas fun is shrt-lived.
D. Fun that is lng-standing may lead t happiness.
64. T the authr, Hllywd stars all have an imprtant rle t play that is t ________.
A. write memir after memir abut their happiness
B. tell the public that happiness has nthing t d with fun
C. teach peple hw t enjy their lives
D. bring happiness t the public instead f ging t glamrus parties
65. Having infant children ________.
A. are lucky since they can have a whle night's sleep
B. find fun in tucking them int bed at night
C. find mre time t play and jke with them
D. derive happiness frm their endeavr
66. If ne gets the meaning f the true sense f happiness, he will ________.
A. stp playing games and jking with thers
B. make the best use f his time increasing happiness
C. give a free hand t mney
D. keep himself with his family
Sectin C
Directins: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Swarm Immunity
Hneybees run vaccinatin prgrammes, t. An ld saw has it that there is nthing new under the sun. ___67___ Wrk just published in the Jurnal f Experimental Bilgy by Gyan Harwd f the University f Illinis, Urbana-Champaign, cnfirms that hneybees gt there first. It als suggest that they run what lk like the equivalent f prime-bst childhd vaccinatin prgrammes.
Being gregarius, hneybees are at cnstant risk f diseases sweeping thrugh their hives. Mst animals which live in crwded cnditins have particularly rbust immune systems, s it lng puzzled entmlgists that hneybees d nt. __68__
Part f the answer, discvered in 2015, is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by transferring int them, befre they are laid, fragments f prteins frm disease-causing pathgens. __69__ But that bservatin raise the questin f hw the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place, fr she subsists purely n ryal jelly, a substance secreted by wrked bees which are at the stage f their lives (which precedes the perid that they spend flying arund fraging fr nectar and pllen) when they act as nurses t larvae. Dr Harwd therefre wndered if the nurses were incrprating int the ryal jelly they were prducing, fragments frm pathgens they had cnsumed while eating the victuals brught t the hive by the fragers.
T test this idea, he teamed up with a grup at the University f Helsinki, in Finland, led by Heli Salmela. __70__ Instead f nectar, they fed the nurses n sugar-water, and fr these f the hives they laced this syrup with Paenibacillus larvae, a bacterium that causes a hive-killing disease called American fulbrd.
IV. Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
71.
Why Mindset Mastery Is Vital t Yur Success
The single mst imprtant factr influencing a persn's success, whether persnal r prfessinal, is mindset. What yu think abut has a direct impact n yur behavir, and nt the ther way arund. A seemingly small thing that makes a huge difference, mindset accunts fr the primary distinctin between thse wh succeed and thse wh d nt. And, if yu are serius abut achieving success in any area f yur life, yu must learn t master yurs.
T successfully accmplish any wrthwhile feat, a persn must first feel capable f achieving it. It desn't matter what anyne else thinks. Mindset is essential t develping healthy self-esteem. It is an imprtant tl that affects ur daily self-dialgue and strengthen ur beliefs, attitudes and feelings abut urselves. S, becme the gatekeeper f yur mind and plant seeds f psitivity rather than criticism and dubt.
Besides, mindset is critical t drive. Drive is the cnstant determinatin t achieve an imprtant bjective. It includes the prcess f develping a visin fr success and engaging in sustained effrt ver time. Withut drive, achieving mst gals wuld be difficult at best. With the pwer t direct fcus and encurage cmmitment t higher purpse, mindset can easily urge smene t push past cmfrt znes. Peple with drive are self-mtivated and strive t accmplish mre.
N matter what gal yu seek t achieve, the path t yur success is sure t include sme challenges. When facing an extreme hardship, a persn may feel justified in bwing t defeat. Fr them, it can feel like an easy rad. If yu want t get thrugh them, hwever, yu will need t develp thick skin and learn t face each challenge head n. Yet, this is where mindset plays a critical rle. The capacity t mve thrugh the fire, t get kncked dwn and nt kncked ut, is the prf t the pwer f a strng mindset.
Are yu ready t cmmand yur results? If s, make a cnscius decisin t master yur mindset and reach fr greater success in the new year and beynd.
V. Translatin
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
l.博物馆展览的展品见证了埃及的农业文明. (witness n.)
2.和人们认为的不一样的是,很多发达国家也搞应试教育. (cntrary)
3.与其说他是个诗人,不如说是个画家,给读者呈现了唐朝的繁荣、开放和包容的景象. (as)
4.这些创意、暖心的视频让我们明白:即使病毒的爆发要求我们隔离,我们仍然有一种惺惺相惜的感觉. (reminder)
VI. Guided Writing
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese.
假设你是李华,你要竞选学校模拟联合国社团主席,请写一篇竞选演讲稿,内容包括:
1.你认为自己具备什么条件
2.如果当选,你会为大家做什么
语法填空
21. have been perated22. which23. is receiving24. they25. with
26. higher27. what28. As29. after30. cmpared
选词填空
31. F 32. A 33. C 34. K 35. J 36. D 37. G 38. I 39. H 40. B
完形填空
41-45 BDACB46-50 ACDBA51-55 CDBDC
阅读理解
56. D. 57. C. 58. B
59. D. 60. C. 61. A. 62. C
63. C 64. B 65. D 66. B
67. F 68. C 69. E 70. A. swept B. previusly C. relcated D. surging E. cntaminate F. cntain
G. hit H. dimming I. cmmercially J. elevated K. extremely
A. With this mdified methd, we shw variatin in hney bee immunity in respnse t different classes f pathgens.
B. Tgether, they cllected abut 150 nurse bees and divided them amng six queenless mini hives equipped with brds f larvae t lk after.
C. Indeed, they actually pssess fewer immune-related genes than mst slitary bees.
D. Over the years, scientists have uncvered hw insect immunity relates t behavir, mating success, ability t find fd, nutritin, energy cst, etc.
E. These act as antigens which trigger the develpment f a prtective immune respnse in the develping yung.
F. But it may still cme as a surprise that human beings are nt alne in having invented vaccinatin.
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