人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land一课一练

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land一课一练，共17页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The University f Tky has several museums cvering varius fields such as medicine,agriculture and art.Here are brief intrductins t their histries and exhibits.
The University Museum
Having cllected ver three millin academic materials fr its cllectin since the University f Tky was funded in 1877,the University Museum is the largest museum f its kind in Japan.Frm the time its rerganisatin int an independent entity in May 1996,the University Museum has held exhibitins ver 60 times.
The Museum f Health and Medicine
The Museum f Health and Medicine seeks t prvide infrmatin abut health and medicine fr the general public and advanced educatin fr students studying medicine.The museum features bth a permanent exhibitin space and a temprary exhibitin space,with the latter fcusing n tpics related t medical care and the study f medicine.
The Agricultural Museum
The Agricultural Museum displays materials frm the cllectin f the University’s Graduate Schl f Agricultural and Life Sciences.Ntable items n display include the dcuments and prtraits f scientists attached t the university,inner rgans f Japan’s famus dg Hachik,and drawings shwing German agriculture and the varieties f Japanese cws.
The Farm Museum
The Farm Museum pened in 2007 within a rebuilt dairy barn.The barn was built in 1934 as part f the mving f the University f Tky’s farm frm Kmaba t Tanashi,an area in western Tky.The museum features bth permanent and temprary exhibitins.Permanent exhibitins include Eurpean farming tls used n the Kmaba Farm,tls fr agricultural experiments,agricultural machinery,American tractrs and drawings shwing German agriculture.
1.What can we knw abut the University Museum?
A.It was funded in 1877.
B.It has held ver 60 exhibitins.
C.It has the mst items cllected.
D.It is the largest museum in Japan.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据The University Museum中“Frm the time its rerganisatin int an independent entity in May 1996,the University Museum has held exhibitins ver 60 times.”可知,该博物馆举办过60多次展览。故选B项。
2.Which shuld yu visit if yu are interested in all kinds f Japanese cws?
A.The Farm Museum.
B.The University Museum.
C.The Agricultural Museum.
D.The Museum f Health and Medicine.
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据The Agricultural Museum中“Ntable items n the varieties f Japanese cws.”可知,如果你对各种日本奶牛感兴趣可以来农业博物馆。故选C项。
3.What’s the purpse f the text?
A.T intrduce museums.
B.T give the university sme advice.
C.T make the university famus.
D.T attract visitrs t museums.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here are brief intrductins t their histries and exhibits.”可知,本文主要目的是介绍东京大学几个博物馆以及它们的历史和展品。故选A项。
B
The situatin f the wrld’s plants is nt gd.One fifth f the kinds f plants are in danger f disappearing,accrding t a reprt.
“Plants are very vital t human beings,” said Kathy Willis,wh led the new reprt.“Plants prvide us with everything—fd,fuel,medicine,and they are very imprtant fr ur climate cntrlling.Withut plants we wuld nt be here.”
The gd news is that defrestatin rates(森林砍伐率) arund the wrld have drpped largely since the 1950s.Hwever,this reprt n the health f plants arund the wrld shws that there is much mre t be dne.
The reprt predicts that there are nw 390,900 kinds f plants.And abut 21 percent f thse plants are in danger f disappearing.“The gd side is that we’re still discvering lts f new plants,abut 2,000 each year,” said Dr Willis.“The bad side is that we’ve seen a huge change in land cver,mainly caused by cultural activity,with a little bit f climate change as well.”
Human activity has a great effect n the danger f plants disappearing.As humans cut dwn frests t make rm fr agriculture,twns and cities,bidiversity(生物多样性) is lst.This culd nt nly affect ur wn fd supply directly,but als it culd affect the fd chain.
4.What des the underlined wrd “vital” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A.Useless. B.Friendly.
C.Equal.D.Imprtant.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据后文“Plants prvide us with everything—fd,fuel,medicine,and they are very imprtant fr ur climate cntrlling.Withut plants we wuld nt be here.”可知植物为我们提供了一切——食物、燃料、药物,它们对我们的气候控制非常重要。没有植物,我们就不会在这里。故Kathy Willis说的是植物对人类非常重要。可知画线单词意思为“重要的”。故选D项。
5.Which f the fllwing des Dr Willis agree with?
A.New plants are mre than ever befre.
B.Abut half the plants will disappear sn.
C.Many new plants are fund every year.
D.Plants mustn’t be used t prduce medicine.
答案C
解析推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘The gd side is that we’re still discvering lts f new plants,abut 2,000 each year’,said Dr Willis.”并结合选项可知Willis博士会同意每年都发现许多新植物的说法。故选C项。
6.What d we learn frm the third paragraph?
A.We have made little prgress.
B.There is a lng way fr us t g.
C.We have achieved ur gal.
D.There will be nthing we can d.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hwever,this reprt n the health f plants arund the wrld shws that there is much mre t be dne.”可知,我们还有很长的路要走。故选B项。
7.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Bidiversity Being Lst
B.Human Scial Activity
C.Envirnmental Prtectin
D.Nature Climate Change
答案A
解析标题归纳题。结合文章可知,文章主要讲述植物物种面临消失,植物对人类非常重要,植物所面临的险境会导致生物多样性丧失,这种变化最终将会危害到人类自身。可知A选项“生物多样性正在丧失”符合文章标题。故选A项。
C
N ne knws wh invented the buttn.It has existed as early as 2000 BC.When it first started,it was just smething pretty yet replaceable sewn nt yur clthes.Abut 3,000 years later,smene finally invented the buttnhle,and buttns were suddenly useful and applied t clthes universally.
Befre buttns,clthes were bigger—they had n fixed shapes.Peple felt as if they wrapped themselves in things.Because f the buttnhle,the fashin mved clser t the bdy as we discvered uses fr the buttn.At ne time,it’s the very way t make clthes fit well fr the bdy.Peple are cmpletely secure.
The pattern f a buttn hasn’t changed much since the Middle Ages.It’s ne f the mst lasting designs in histry,because it actually wrks t keep ur clthes shut.Zippers easily break and are hard t fix.Velcr is rackety,and it wears ut after a while.Hwever,if a buttn breaks,yu just exactly sew anther n.And yu can d up yur buttns withut disturbing thers.
A buttn is there fr the lng run.It’s nt just the mst imprtant design ever,but it’s thught t be a decisive factr in the develpment and innvatin f clthes.Present design f clthes shws its influence bviusly.If yu’re wearing a shirt,take a lk at the psitin f buttns n it.If yu’re a male,the buttns wuld likely be n the right side,but fr a female,the buttns are usually fund n the left.
Once the buttns were all n the right,and the trend f buttns-n-the-left was set by wealthy wmen f the Victrian era.Their clthes were cmplex,cnsisting f crsets,petticats,buttns and a wide range f beautiful accessries(配饰).Therefre,they needed assistance while getting dressed.Keep this in mind,clthing makers made innvatin and designed articles f clthing that were simple fr servants t buttn up.Such designs f clthing became mre and mre ppular ver time,and eventually became the standard still being fllwed t this day.
8.What can be learnt abut early buttns in the first paragraph?
A.They appeared a bit later than buttnhles.
B.They served as an essential part f the clthes.
C.Their ppularity was driven by buttnhles greatly.
D.They were invented by smene unknwn accidently.
答案C
解析细节理解题。由第一段的“smene finally invented the buttnhle,and buttns were suddenly useful and applied t clthes universally”可知,由于扣眼的出现,纽扣变得有实际作用并开始被普遍地用在服装上。
9.What des the underlined wrd “rackety” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Decrative.B.Practical.
C.Expensive.D.Nisy.
答案D
解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的“Zippers easily break and are hard t fix”和“Hwever,if a buttn breaks,yu just exactly sew anther n”可知,此处是在对比纽扣与其他同作用的东西来说明它成为历史上最久远的设计之一的原因;由下文的“And yu can d up yur buttns withut disturbing thers”可知,纽扣与Velcr(尼龙搭扣)相比,扣纽扣不会打扰到他人,由此说明扣尼龙搭扣会发出噪声,故D项“Nisy”可解释画线词。
10.Why did the design f buttns n wmen’s clthes change in the Victrian era?
A.T innvate ld designs f clthes.
B.T make it easier t buttn up.
C.T beautify the clthes f wmen.
D.T keep the standard widely fllwed.
答案B
解析细节理解题。由最后一段的“Their clthes were cmplex,cnsisting f crsets,petticats,buttns and a wide range f beautiful accessries.Therefre,they needed assistance while getting dressed.Keep this in mind,clthing makers made innvatin and designed articles f clthing that were simple fr servants t buttn up.”可知,在维多利亚时代,女士服装上的扣子被设计在左侧是为了方便别人帮她们扣扣子。
11.Which can be the title f the text?
A.Hw buttns changed fashin
B.What the real rle f buttns is
C.Why buttns were invented
D.When buttns came int sight
答案A
解析标题归纳题。结合全文内容可知,文章主要讲了纽扣的普遍使用影响了服装的发展和变化。故A项适合用作本文标题。
D
Hw des an ecsystem(生态系统) wrk?What makes the ppulatins f different species the way they are?Why are there s many flies and s few wlves?T find an answer,scientists have built mathematical mdels f fd webs,nting wh eats whm and hw much each ne eats.
With such mdels,scientists have fund ut sme key principles perating in fd webs.Mst fd webs,fr instance,cnsist f many weak links rather than a few strng nes.When a predatr(掠食动物) always eats huge numbers f single prey(猎物),the tw species are strngly linked;when a predatr lives n varius species,they are weakly linked.Fd webs may be dminated by many weak links because that arrangement is mre stable ver the lng term.If a predatr can eat several species,it can survive the extinctin(灭绝) f ne f them.And if a predatr can mve n t anther species that is easier t find when a prey species becmes rare,the switch allws the riginal prey t recver.The weak links may thus keep species frm driving ne anther t extinctin.
Mathematical mdels have als revealed that fd webs may be unstable,where small changes f tp predatrs can lead t big effects thrughut entire ecsystems.In the 1960s,scientists prpsed that predatrs at the tp f a fd web had a surprising amunt f cntrl ver the size f ppulatins f ther species—including species they did nt directly attack.
And unplanned human activities have prved the idea f tp-dwn cntrl by tp predatrs t be true.In the cean,we fished fr tp predatrs such as cd n an industrial scale,while n land,we killed ff large predatrs such as wlves.These actins have greatly affected the eclgical balance.
Scientists have built an early-warning system based n mathematical mdels.Ideally,the system wuld tell us when t adapt human activities that are pushing an ecsystem tward a breakdwn r wuld even allw us t pull an ecsystem back frm the brderline.Preventin is key,scientists say,because nce ecsystems pass their tipping pint(临界点),it is remarkably difficult fr them t return.
12.What have scientists discvered with the help f mathematical mdels f fd webs?
A.The living habits f species in fd webs.
B.The rules gverning fd webs f the ecsystems.
C.The appraches t studying the species in the ecsystems.
D.The differences between weak and strng links in fd webs.
答案B
解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句中的“scientists have fund fd webs.”得知科学家们发现了食物网运行的关键法则。故选B项。
13.A strng link is fund between tw species when a predatr .
A.has a wide fd chice
B.can easily find new prey
C.sticks t ne prey species
D.can quickly mve t anther place
答案C
解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的“When a strngly linked”得出结论只吃一种猎物是“strng link”。
14.What will happen if the ppulatins f tp predatrs in a fd web greatly decline?
A.The prey species they directly attack will die ut.
B.The species they indirectly attack will turn int tp predatrs.
C.The living envirnment f ther species will remain unchanged.
D.The ppulatins f ther species will experience unexpected changes.
答案D
解析推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Mathematical ecsystems.”可知“食物链顶端掠食动物的变化可能会给整个生态系统带来大的影响”。故选D项。
15.What cnclusin can be drawn frm the examples in Paragraph 4?
A.Uncntrlled human activities greatly upset ecsystems.
B.Rapid ecnmic develpment threatens animal habitats.
C.Species f cmmercial value dminate ther species.
D.Industrial activities help keep fd webs stable.
答案A
解析推理判断题。根据文章第四段的例子以及本段的最后一句话可知“人类的这些行为极大地影响了生态的平衡”。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Clean eating des nt have an fficial definitin(定义),but it basically means that yu avid prcessed(加工过的) and packaged fds in favur f fds that are in their natural state. 16 Then hw t start clean eating?
Fcus n fruits and vegetables.The basis f a clean eating plan shuld be whle,unprcessed fruits and vegetables. 17 Include 1 r 2 servings f vegetables r fruits with every meal.If yu dn’t like t wash and cut prduce yurself,yu can buy pre-washed and cut fresh prduce.
Add 2 t 3 servings f whle grains each day.Whle grains shuld make up the majrity f yur fd since they cntain mre fiber and nutrients(养分) than white grains.Lessen white bread,pasta,flur and rice. 18
19 Prtein helps t keep yu feeling full fr lnger than carbs(碳水化合物) r fats,s make sure t get 2 t 3 servings f prtein per day.All r mst f the meals yu eat shuld have 1 serving f lean prtein.
Drink water as yur main surce f liquid. 20 Make sure that yu are drinking at least eight 8 glasses f water daily.Drink water with yur meals and between them t keep yurself hydrated(含水的).Try carrying a water bttle wherever yu g and refill it as needed thrughut the day!
A.Water is essential t a clean eating plan.
B.Add a serving f lean prtein t each meal.
C.Replace these fds with whle grains chices.
D.Try t buy fresh fruits and vegetables whenever pssible.
E.It is imprtant t read labels(标签) when yu eat ut.
F.It is a ppular way t make sure that yu are having healthier fds.
G.Fat helps with satisfactin,but t much fat will increase yur verall calrie intake.
答案16~20 FDCBA
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My adviser interviewed me ver the phne.He 21 my undergraduate recrd and thught I had a graduate degree.Therefre,I was 22 t the Ph.D prgramme.He welcmed me int his lab even after knwing the 23 .
I began t get int a running start.I 24 myself int reading every paper fund and testing scientific questins.But fur years later,I felt lst because I 25 passed my qualifying exam.Then a friend asked me t vlunteer as a barman at a gala(盛会).I was 26 at first,having never wrked behind a bar, 27 I said yes in the end.I spent an evening 28 cutting fruit and ding ther unskilled tasks.I was tired but als felt unbelievable—surprising hw much 29 I had.
Later,I realised the reasn why I enjyed this experience s much was that the 30 f this jb were exactly what I was 31 frm my Ph.D prgramme.It was nly physically tiring,fr the tasks I did were 32 .At that pint,I had nt had a pause in 33 as hard as I culd fr fur years,and I was cmpletely 34 f the tll(损害) it was taking n my spirit.Since then,I’ve tried t give my mind mre 35 .
B.rejected
C.misreadD.mixed
答案C
解析根据空后的“my undergraduate recrd and thught I had a graduate degree”可知,他误读(misread)了作者的本科记录,以为作者有硕士学位。
B.admitted
C.accmpaniedD.cmpensated
答案B
解析根据下文中的“He welcmed me int his lab”可知,作者被准许加入(admitted)博士课程了。
B.gap
C.weaknessD.errr
答案D
解析根据上文可知,他误读了作者的本科记录,且把作者加进了博士课程,故此处表示即使发现了错误(errr),他还是欢迎作者到他的实验室。
B.tricked
C.threwD.frightened
答案C
解析作者投身于阅读自己能找到的每一篇论文。
B.surprisingly
C.easilyD.barely
答案D
解析根据空前的“But fur years later,I felt lst because”可知,此处表示虽然作者那么努力,但是他的资格考试勉强(barely)才及格。
B.thrilled
C.cnfusedD.hesitant
答案D
解析根据下文中的“having never wrked behind a bar”可知,作者从来没有在吧台工作过。由此可知,此处表示作者一开始是犹豫的(hesitant)。
B.s
C.andD.r
答案A
解析作者一开始是犹豫的,而下文提到作者最后答应了,由此可知,空处前后构成转折关系,故用but。
abutB.lking thrugh
C.bursting inD.carrying n
答案A
解析根据空后提到的工作内容和下文的“tired”可知,此处表示作者一整个晚上都在忙着切水果和做其他不需要特殊技能的活儿。
B.experience
C.skillD.cmfrt
答案A
解析根据下文的“why I much”可知,作者感到难以置信——惊叹于自己从中感到的乐趣。
B.chances
C.varietiesD.demands
答案D
解析作者意识到这是因为这份工作的要求(demands)正是他在博士课程中所错过(missing)的。
B.suffering
C.learningD.aviding
答案A
解析参见上题解析。
B.meaningful
C.simpleD.vague
答案C
解析根据上文中的“cutting fruit and ding ther unskilled tasks”可知,此处表示作者做的工作很简单(simple)。
B.thinking
C.winningD.cmplaining
答案B
解析四年来作者一直在努力思考(thinking)。
B.ashamed
C.prudD.unaware
答案D
解析作者完全没有意识到它带给自己精神上的损害。
B.mtivatins
C.breaksD.reasns
答案C
解析根据作者的这次经历和“I had nt had a pause”可知,此处表示,从那以后,作者试着让他的大脑有更多的休息(breaks)。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
New research says nuts culd be a 36. (value),tasty and nutritius slimming aid.Researchers frm Harvard University recmmended that peple replace a daily unhealthy snack with a small handful f nuts 37. (slw) dwn weight gain.This is 38.(especial) helpful fr peple as they get lder.The researchers fund that peple wh ate just 14g f nuts every day gained less weight 39. thse wh ate anther snack.The peple wh ate the nuts were less likely t becme bese(肥胖的).Hwever,the benefits t ur weight culd be quite small.40.(eat) nuts instead f chclate and cakes culd help prevent a weight gain f just 0.4kg t 0.7kg ver fur years.
The researchers cnducted a lng-term study in which they lked at 41. lifestyle f nearly 190,000 peple fr ver tw 42. (decade).The participants in the research 43. (divide) int three grups.They included mre than 51,000 male health prfessinals aged 40 t 75,121,700 nurses aged 35 t 55 and 16,686 nurses aged 24 t 44.Researchers asked the participants questins every fur years abut 44.(they) weight,hw ften they ate nuts,and hw ften they exercised.A researcher said replacing less healthy fds with nuts might help reduce the weight gain 45. is cmmn as we age,and might lwer the chances f becming bese.
答案36.valuable 37.t slw 38.especially 39.than 40.Eating 41.the 42.decades 43.were divided 44.their 45.that/which
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你市青少年活动中心拟开展乒乓球夏令营活动。请你按照以下要点给即将来华的美国笔友Chris写一封电子邮件,介绍夏令营活动,并邀请她参加:
1.提出邀请;
2.夏令营时间;
3.活动内容和要求。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。








参考范文
Dear Chris,
The Table Tennis Summer Camp is kicking ff in the City’s Teenager Activity Centre which is intended fr the teenagers.I’m writing t invite yu t take part.
As scheduled,the camp is due t start frm July 20 and lasts ne mnth.Anyne wh is strng and healthy can be admitted.Table tennis lvers wh pssess teamwrk spirit are preferred.Here’s smething yu shuld pay attentin t.It’s gd manners t fllw yur cach.Als,remember t be punctual fr daily training and mst imprtantly,keep safety in mind.
I’d appreciate it if yu culd cme and jin me.
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
It was New Year’s Eve.I was 15 and feeling sad because there was nt enugh mney t buy the dress I wanted.We did the chres(家庭杂务) early that night,s I figured Dad wanted extra time fr us t spend tgether.Instead,he dressed himself again and went utside.“Cme n,Elizabeth,”he said.“Dress yurself warmly.It’s cld.”
Outside,I became even mre upset.Nt nly wasn’t I getting the dress;nw Dad was dragging me ut in the cld.Whatever we were ging t d wasn’t ging t be a quick jb.I unwillingly climbed up beside Dad,the cld already biting me.We pulled in frnt f the wdshed(柴棚),and started lading wd.Finally,I asked,“Dad,what are yu ding?”“Have yu been by Mrs Clark’s lately?”he asked.
Mrs Clark lived abut tw miles dwn the rad frm us.Her husband had passed away the year befre,leaving her and three children t raise n her wn.“Yeah,”I said.“Why?”“I rde by just tday,”Dad said.“Little Jake was ut digging arund in the wdpile,trying t find a few pieces f wd.They’re ut f wd,Elizabeth.”
That was all he said.Dad then went t the smkehuse and tk dwn a side f bacn,telling me t g and lad it.He returned carrying a large bag f flur ver his right shulder and a smaller bag f smething in his left hand.“What’s in the little bag?”I asked.“Shes.They’re ut f shes.I gt the children a little candy t.It just wuldn’t be New Year withut sme candy.”I tried t think thrugh what Dad was ding.We did have a big wdpile,meat,and flur,s we culd spare sme,but I knew we didn’t have any mney.Mrs Clark had clser neighburs than us.Why was it ur cncern?
We unladed the wd behind the Clarks’ huse and kncked n the dr.It pened a crack(缝隙),and a fearful vice said,“Wh is it?”“James Cttn,ma’am,and my daughter,Elizabeth.Culd we cme in fr a bit?”
Mrs Clark pened the dr f the huse where the three children were wrapped in a blanket.







I understd very well that Dad had given me a gift much greater than a dress.







参考范文
Mrs Clark pened the dr f the huse where the three children were wrapped in a blanket.“We brught yu a few things,ma’am,”Dad said,and handed the bags t her.She pened ne bag and tk ut the shes.And she bit her lwer lip t keep it frm trembling as tears ran dwn her cheeks.“We brught a lad f wd,t.”Then Dad turned t me,“Elizabeth,let’s heat this place up.”Sn the fire wrked and everyne was in high spirits.The kids laughed when Dad handed them each a piece f candy,and Mrs Clark als wre a smile.
I understd very well that Dad had given me a gift much greater than a dress.Just nw,I saw the three children surrunding my dad,running and laughing.I culd see that they missed their dad,and I was glad that I still had mine.Dad gave me the happy lk n Mrs Clark’s face that prbably hadn’t been n her face fr a lng time,the smiles f her three children,and the best New Year memry f my life.I was s grateful that I have gt the mst valuable gift fr New Year.