2022年全国乙卷英语阅读理解高频词块及易错考点解析讲义

2022年全国乙卷高考英语阅读理解高频词块及易错考点解析 阅读理解A篇高频词组（一）原文:This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best .loved painter.【点睛】work 作品      常见考点①　Work vi. 起作用，有效果，奏效Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.本杰明决定用猫毛代替。 ②　Work vi. 工作，运转，运行 However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.然而，当它运转时，它只是美丽的。（二）原文:Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. 【点睛】present vt.展示One day the emperor called all great artists to come and present their finest work.一天，皇帝把所有伟大的画家都请来，让他们展示自己最好的作品。      常见考点vt.提出Arguing is that you and your opponent present your concerns and discuss the feelings and issues related to those concerns.争辩是你同你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。（三）原文:Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.【点睛】a series of一系列，许多The students have put forward a series of questions. 学生们提出了一系列问题。（四）原文: Admission to lectures is free.【点睛】Admission 入场费；门票费Family/children's programs are free with admission.家庭/儿童课程可免费入场。（五）原文: £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.【点睛】be accompanied by 在.....的陪同下It is not unusual to witness that an increasing number of children are accompanied by parents on their first day in college.常常会看到越来越多的孩子在上大学的第一天由父母陪伴。（六）原文: A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education.【点睛】adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。      常见考点adj.有空的I'm sorry, but he is not available at the moment, for the meeting hasn't ended.很抱歉，他现在没空，因为会议还没结束。（一）原文:A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level.【点睛】多达Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .已知的遭遇记者电话窃听的受害者多达5500人。      常见考点①　该由...轮到It's up to him to do it.②　从事于,忙于What are the children up to? ③　胜任,适于,.Michael's not really up to that job。（七）原文:How can full-time students get group discounts?【点睛】group discounts 团体折扣 阅读理解B篇高频词组（一） 原文:Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: 【点睛】Subject  n.主题、话题an article on the subject of travel 一篇关于旅行的文章      常见考点n.实验对象、接受试验者：We need 25 subject for the experiment.我们需要25名实验对象来接受试验。①　subject…to(=cause…to experience)使受到All citizens in this nation are subject to the law.这个国家的全体公民都必须服从法律.②　subject (adj) to 易受到…的Children are subject to colds. 孩子易于感冒.（二）原文:Well, they wanted to do something useful.【点睛】something useful 形容词后置修饰不定代词。Is there anything interesting in the film?电影里有什么有趣的事情吗？（三）原文: In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.【点睛】be replaced by 取代Now it is replace by a supermarket.现在已经被一家超市取代了。（四）原文:A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.【点睛】concernn. vt.与…有关,涉及The color decision in your rooms concerns the walls, ceilings, and floors. 你房间里的颜色决定与墙壁、天花板和地板有关。      常见考点①　n. 担忧It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.家中限制孩子进行电子阅读的原因很大程度上是担心电子产品对身体的危害。 ②　n.关注，感兴趣 It should be the main concern of law makers.它应该是立法者的主要关注点。③　so far as ... be concerned 就...而言 As far as I'm concerned, the whole idea is crazy(荒唐的).④　be concerned in/ with 与...有关 He was concerned in the crime.⑤　be concerned about 关心 关注We're rather concerned about father's health. 我们相当担心父亲的健康。⑥　concerning prep. 关于，涉及 He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。（五）原文:Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top。【点睛】look down俯视；向下看；轻视I don't look down my nose at comedy我并不轻视喜剧。      常见考点①　look up to 尊敬,敬仰 =respectYou're a popular girl, Grace, and a lot of the younger ones look up to you.你是个受欢迎的女孩，格雷丝，许多比你小的女孩都仰慕你。②　look back on 回顾；回忆Such a rich chapter it had been, when one came to look back on it all!当一个人回顾这一切的时候，他会发现这是多么丰富多彩的一章啊！（六）原文:The snow was marked only by small animals【点睛】mark...v.标志(转折点)These elections mark the end of an era. 这些选举标志着一个时代的结束。      常见考点mark...v.庆祝，纪念（重要事件）=to celebrate an important event They held celebrations to mark National Day.  他们举行活动庆祝国庆节。  阅读理解C篇高频词组（一）原文:Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year?【点睛】at the same time 同时; 然而,不过 He can be very rude, but at the same time I can't help liking her.他可能很粗鲁，但同时我也忍不住喜欢她。      常见考点at a time 每次,一次 The people came in two at a time.at one time 曾经,一度; 同时 At one time I used to like her, but not any more.ahead of time 提前 They arrived ahead of time.（二）原文:That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.这很有可能应用今天的“天空之眼”技术，以确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施（基础设施）全天候安全。【点睛】 likely作形容词，表示“有可能的”。Aunt Lucy is likely to arrive at noon.露西阿姨可能中午会到。The opening ceremony is likely to take place next month.开幕式有可能下个月举行。（七）原文:That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.【点睛】apply sth. to sth. 把……运用到……中They applied the new technology to the industrial process.他们把这个新技术应用到工业流程中。      常见考点①　application of ... 对……的运用This is a new application of the technology.这是技术的一个新应用。②　apply for(to)申请（请求）得到　He applied for a job as an English teacher. 他申请得到一份当英语教师的工作。（三） 原文:That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.【点睛】make sure弄清, 弄确实Make sure he writes it down. 让他一定记下来。      常见考点①　be sure to do 肯定做摸事Be sure to do the sowing in good time.确保适时播种。②　for sure/certain (certainly, definitely) 肯定地，有把握地We'll win for sure. 我们肯定会获胜。③　to be sure 诚然；的确A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all.  这的确是一个紧张的夜晚，但是有时自然之灵向我们露出了微笑(以示赞许)。（四）原文: They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure.【点睛】aspects of...的方面The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.汽车塑造了美国文化中一些最恒久的一面。（五）原文:By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches.【点睛】By using the latest technologies通过利用最新的技术表示方式、方法、手段等,后常接无冠词的名词或动名词,意为“通过;靠;用”。   Don't judge a person by appearances. 勿以貌取人。   He made a living by teaching.他以教书为生。       常见考点①　表示时间,意为“到…时为止”或“不迟于... by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three o’clock  Mum told me to come back by 10 o’clock.By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.到十岁时,他已学了1000个英语单词。 ②　用于被动语态的句子中,表示动作的执行者,意为“被;由”。    He was praised by the teacher.他受到了老师的表扬。   The book was written by Lu Xun.这本书是鲁迅写的。 （六）原文:They will be moving on the track ahead of the train.【点睛】ahead of 在…之前, 超过Our company is ahead of other makers of spare parts for the airplane.我们公司制造飞机零部件比别家的业绩好。 阅读理解C篇语法考点 （一）原文:By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead.【点睛】before的用法before在英语中是一个比较常用的虚词，它既可作介词或副词用，也可作从属连词用。在近几年的高考试题中常常出现考查其从属连词用法的题目。下面就把其作为从属连词的用法归纳如下：1. 表示“在……之前就……”。Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned.2. 表示“过了多久后才……，动作进行到什么程度才……”。The man almost knocked me down before he saw me.They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.3. 表示“来不及；尚未……就……”。Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.She left the company before I could have a word with her.4. 表示“刚…就…”I had hardly sat down before the bell rang.5. 表示“不知不觉就……；还没弄清就……”Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.6. 表示“宁愿……，决不……，与其……，毋宁……”常与will或would连用。I would die before I would tell. I would / will die before I surrender .7. 表示“否则；以免”Do it now before you forget.I will write it down before I forget it .8. 用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …”表示 “过了多久才…”It was three days before he came back.9. 用于句型“it was not long +时间段+ before …”意为“不久就……”It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position .10. 用于句型“it will be(not )+时间段+ before…”表示“要过多久/ 不久…才…”It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.It will be not long before you find you are wrong .（二）原文:To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. 【点睛】To perform these tasks不定式做状语从句（目的状语）(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。She was surprised to see George walk in.看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.为了通过考试，他努力学习。(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×) 阅读理解D篇高频词组（一）原文:With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem,so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.【点睛】in timein time 及时、最后，终于In time they came to accept the harsh facts.他们最终承认了严酷的事实      常见考点①　on time (=punctually) 准时The train arrived on time.②　at no time 无论何时也不…At no time did they try to persuade me to suppress the information.③　at times (=occasionally= sometimes) 间或, 时常（二）原文:The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. 【点睛】The + 比较级， the + 比较级对主、从句的理解 　　1.在通常情况下，前一个“the +比较级”相当于比较状语从句，后一个“the + 比较级”为主句。例如： 　The more I read the book，the more I liked it． 这本书我越看越喜欢。 The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them. 问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。 　　2.有时前一个“the +比较级”相当于条件状语从句，后一个“the + 比较级”为主句，从句不可用将来时。例如： 　　The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back. 你出发得越早,回来得就越早。 　　The more you practice, the better you can understand. 你练习得越多，理解得就越透。 　（三）原文:It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance.【点睛】It is calculated that据计算It is said that…＝People say that…意为“人们说/据说……”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。类似的用法还有：It is said that about 20% of 25- to 34-year-olds live with their parents.据说，25岁至34岁的人群中，大约20%的人和父母住在一起。        常见考点①　It is claimed that… 据称……It is claimed that current levels of pesticide do not pose a threat to health. 据称当前杀虫剂的含量不会对健康构成威胁。②　3. It is estimated that… 据估计……It is estimated that smoking causes 100,000 deaths every year. 估计每年有100,000人由于吸烟而死亡。 （四）原文:The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money.【点睛】 bring in 赚得、挣How much does she bring in now?她现在挣多少钱?       常见考点①　bring about引起，导致The Internet has brought about enormous changes in society.网络带来了巨大的社会变革。②　bring forward =put forward提前，提出建议They decided to bring forward the date of the next meeting. 他们决定将下一次会议的日期提前。③　bring (sb/sth) back 使回想起The old photograph brought back many memories. 这张旧照片引起了很多回忆。④　bring (sb/sth) back 使恢复……By bringing the brokendown ecosystems back tonormal.通过使崩溃的生态系统恢复正常。⑤　bring up sb 抚养某人 Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt. 她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的。⑥　bring up sth 提出 These are matters that you can bring up in committee. 这些问题你可在委员会中提出。⑦　bring out 使出现/显明 ⑧　bring...together 使...团结起来，联合起来The advantage is that partners can bring together ideas, talents, and money.好处是合伙人可以集思广益，聚集人才和资金。⑨　bring...close to...使...接近...Sports can not only improve our body and relax our mind, but can also bring us close to nature, and enable us to enjoy our lives fully. 体育运动不仅提高我们的体质，轻松大脑，而且可以让我们更接近生命的真谛，让我们能够充分享受生活。 （五） 原文:It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.【点睛】at the risk of (=with danger of)冒…的风险He was determined to get there even at the risk of his life．他决心到那里去，即使是冒生命危险也在所不惜。      常见考点run(take)risk of (=do sth dangerous)的风险He will run the risk of losing his life to save the child.为了救这个孩子，他将冒着失去生命的危险。（六）原文:At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.【点睛】at present 目前,现在 She is in Beijing at present.      常见考点①　for the present 日前,暂时=now but not necessarily in the future : That will do for the present.②　in the presence of 在…在场的情况下The talks took place in the presence of a diplomatic observer.（七）原文:Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge.【点睛】as a result (of ...) （……的）结果As a result of this conflict he lost both his home and his means of livelihood.这场冲突使他同时失去了住所和生计来源。      常见考点①　result in ... 导致……；造成……Food allergies can result in an enormous variety of different symptoms.食物过敏会引发多种不同的症状。②　result from ... 由于……Many hair problems result from what you eat.许多头发问题由食物引起。（八）原文:Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.【点睛】according to  按照,根据 According to the radio, it will rain tomorrow.据电台报道，明天会下雨。 He came according to his promise.  他按照他的诺言来了。（九）原文:Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. 【点睛】depend on的用法：depend on+某人或某物；depend on+某人或某物+不定式或动名词；depend on+从句等。①　depend on+某人或某物Whether we’ll go camping depends on the weather. 我们是否去野营要看天气。有时可在某人或某物后用介词 for。如：Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 儿童的衣食靠父母。②　2. depend on+某人或某物+不定式或动名词I’m depending on you to do the work. 我指望你做这工作。③　3. depend on+从句Our success depends on whether everyone works hard ornot. 我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。（十）原文:Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.【点睛】Content n.含量sugar content 糖含量      常见考点①　be content to do sth 愿意做某事Being a modest person, he was content to play second fiddle to others.作为一个谦虚者, 他愿意居于他人的次要位置。②　be content with(=be satisfied with) 满足于My parents would be content with my academic performance. 父母会满意我在学校的表现的。③　to one’s heart’s content心满意足To his heart's content, there is a place for shelter.有个可以住的地方令他心满意足。（十一）原文:However，some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. 【点睛】for fear of 唯恐、以免We talked quietly for fear of waking the baby.我们悄悄说话，以免惊醒宝宝。      常见考点fear for (=be afraid for the safety of sb or sth) 为…担心If you fear for someone or something, you are very worried because you think that they might be in danger.（十二）原文:Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.【点睛】free of......  免费The leaflet is available free of charge from post offices.      常见考点be free from 免受, 没有…The secretary was free from all blame for the errors.这些失误完全不能怪秘书。（十三）原文:Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 【点睛】play a part (in) 扮演角色,参与,起作用It is still playing an important part in irrigation today.时至今日，它仍然发挥着重要的灌溉作用。 阅读理解D篇重点语法考点（一）原文:Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 【点睛】of great importance“be of+抽象名词”，这时的of短语相当于这个名词的同根形容词，作为表语表示主语的性质或特征。of的意思是“具有、具备”等，常用于该结构的名词常见的有of use=useful；of nouse=useless；of importance=important等。如：The matter is of great importance.=The matter is very important.在形容词前常用very来修饰，在“of+抽象名词”结构中，名词前常用great,much等来修饰。再如：It is o fgreat importance for college students to master a foreign language.=Itisveryimportant...对大学生来说，掌握一门外语是很重要的。 （二）原文:It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.【点睛】avoid paying the tax 动名词作宾语 (1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)： 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免forbid/avoid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape(2)由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于),  feel like (想要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote ... to ... (致力于……), object to (反对), stick to (坚持), give up (放弃)等。It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。(3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：