湖南省长沙市长郡中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份湖南省长沙市长郡中学2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共25页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分7，15等内容，欢迎下载使用。

时量：120分钟 满分：150分
第一部分 考试听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What will the speakers mst likely d next?
A. G t a restaurant. B. Make dinner. C. Eat dumplings.
2. When will the speakers watch the mvie?
A. At 3:00 p.m. B. At 4:00 p.m. C. At 5:00 p. m.
3. What is the relatinship between the speakers?
A. Mther and sn. B. Brther and sister. C. Father and daughter.
4. What is the wman’s attitude tward the man’s failure?
A. Optimistic. B. Uncncerned. C. Upset.
5. What are the speakers talking abut?
A. The street. B. The clr. C. The huse.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why des the wman feel bad fr her friends?
A. They dn’t get paid. B. They wrk lng hurs. C. They dn’t have free lunch.
7. What des the man d?
A. A rcket engineer. B. A firefighter. C. A scientist.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where des Tim plan t live?
A. In the drm. B. With a hst family. C. At hme.
9. What des Tim suggest the wman d?
A. Live in the drm. B. Find a hst family. C. Ask Albert fr help.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Which bk did the wman mentin first?
A. The Necklace. B. The Art f War. C. The Gift f the Magi.
11. Wh will make use f The Art f War?
A. The man. B. Teachers. C. Business managers.
12. What d we knw abut the wman?
A. She’s been busy. B. She can’t affrd the bks. C. She wants t run a business.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Hw many clleagues f the tw speakers are ging t the barbeque?
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Five.
14. What will the man’s brther bring?
A. Smked meat. B. Hamburgers. C. Snacks.
15. What d the speakers need t buy fr the barbeque?
A. Juice. B. Ht dgs. C. Salad.
16. What is the price f ptat salad this weekend?
A. 20 dllars. B. 18 dllars. C. 10 dllars.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Hw lng des the speaker live in the U.S.?
A. Fr abut 10 years. B. Fr abut 20 years. C. Fr abut 25 years.
18. In which cuntry tips are cnsidered t be implite?
A. Prtugal. B. Belgium. C. Japan.
19. What is gd abut shpping in America?
A. It has a gd return plicy.
B. It desn’t need t pay a tip.
C. It has many cheap hliday gifts.
20. What kind f U.S. bill is a bit pink?
A. A 10-dllar ne. B. A 50-dllar ne. C. A 100-dllar ne.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
My favurite Bks
—Psted by Catherine Chung, a great writer
Stries f Yur Life and Others by Ted Chiang
This cllectin cntains several maths stries. The ne I recmmend is Divisin By Zer, abut Jane Parkinsn, a brilliant German mathematician. T her great despair, she ends up prving that mathematics is incnsistent and is able t prve that any tw numbers are equal. A beautiful, thught-prvking stry abut belief, understanding, and faith.
The Husekeeper and the Prfessr by Yk Ogawa
It’s abut a wman wh cmes t wrk fr a nce-great mathematician. Due t a brain injury, he has nly 80 minutes f shrt-term memry available t him befre he frgets everything. It is filled with beautiful maths, simply and clearly described alngside finely drawn relatinships between the characters.
T Much Happiness by Alice Munr
Kvalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician at a time when wmen were nt allwed in mst f Eurpe t attend university. She married a man wh prmised t take her t Germany t study. She made majr cntributins t the field and became the first wman in Russia t btain a dctrate in mathematics.
The Ore Miner’s Wife by Karl Iagnemma
It is abut a miner wh thinks he’s discvered the prf t the prblem: cnstruct a square, equal in area t a given circle. His wife, nt knwing what has suddenly taken his attentin and his time, fears he is being unfaithful. In fact, what he des is a mving explratin f the jys f entering a prblem.
1. Which bk is abut a pineering Russian wman mathematician?
A. Stries f Yur Life and Others.B. The Husekeeper and the Prfessr.
C. T Much Happiness.D. The Ore Miner’s Wife.
2. What d the listed bks have in cmmn?
A. They tell stries f wman mathematicians.B. They invlve mathematics.
C. They explre human relatinship.D. They reveal peple’s inner wrld.
3. What can we learn frm this text?
A. Jane Parkinsn fails t shw math was incnsistent.
B. The mathematician in Yk Ogawa’s bk has prblem memrizing things.
C. In the 19th century, wmen in Eurpe didn’t have chance t get higher educatin.
D. The miner in Karl Iagnemma’s bk is unfaithful t his wife.
Tufa grew up in Australia, s she culdn't understand why her father insisted n teaching her Orm, a language spken in Ethipia.
“Dad never spke abut his life back in Ethipia and yet he insisted n teaching us this language,” Tufa said. “There were s many resurces at my fingertips fr the ther languages I was learning and s many peple that speak them. But when Dad was teaching us Orm, there were n textbks r learning materials at all. And that struck me as really strange.”
But as Tufa gt lder and began ding her wn research, she discvered why speaking abut Orm was s painful fr her father. The Orm are the largest racial grup f Ethipia. But since their land was seized in the 1880s, the peple have suffered a lt. The Orm language was banned, including frm plitical life and schls. Orm texts were destryed. Tufa's father, an Orm, fled t Egypt and, in the late 1970s, he was given asylum（庇护）in Australia.
By the time the Orm ban was lifted, Tufa's father had established a small, private Orm schl in Melburne t teach the language t the children f asylum seekers. As she helped t teach the students, Tufa realised the teaching resurces were awful. She decided t create psters and wrksheets fr her father's students, using her wn mney t get them printed.
Three ther Orm schls that had pened in Victria by then heard abut the materials and all f them wanted cpies. Tufa realised that if there was a demand fr Orm child educatin materials in Australia, there must be ther cmmunities arund the wrld where resurces were als needed.
She launched a crwdfunding campaign s she culd print mre Orm learning materials. By the end f 2014, in just six weeks, she had raised almst $125,000. Wrd f her prject spread. Her resurces have als fund their way t Ethipia, with peple sending cpies t family members wh still live there. This year, she plans t launch an nline stre fr her publishing cmpany.
4. What did Tufa feel strange abut when learning Orm?
A. Her father's life in Ethipia.
B. Her father's way f teaching.
C. The lack f learning materials.
D. The appearance f ther languages.
5. What is the purpse f the third paragraph?
A. T explain a reasn.
B. T give an example.
C. T present an argument.
D. T clear a misunderstanding.
6. Hw did Tufa meet the increasing demand fr Orm learning materials?
A. She crwdfunded.
B. She turned t his father.
C. She dipped int her wn pcket.
D. She created psters and wrksheets.
7. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Why the Orm suffered in Ethipia.
B. Where the Orm language is taught.
C. Hw a girl helps t keep Orm alive.
D. What schls need in teaching Orm.
Pincchi may be just a children’s stry, but Spanish scientists at the University f Granada recently investigated the s-called “Pincchi effect” and fund that ur nses dn’t grw lnger when we tell a lie, but actually get a little bit smaller.
Dr. Gómez Milán and his team develped a lie detectr test that used thermal (热成像的) cameras t tell if peple were lying, and fund that whenever participants in their research were being untruthful, the temperature f their nse drpped up t 1.2℃, while the temperature f their frehead increased up t 1.5℃. They als fund that drp in temperature at nse level actually caused it t becme slightly smaller, althugh the difference culd nt be seen by the human eye. “One has t think in rder t lie, which raises the temperature f the frehead,” Dr. Gómez Milán explained the findings. “At the same time we feel anxius, which lwers the temperature f the nse.”
Fr this study, researchers asked a number f 60 students t perfrm varius tasks while being scanned by thermal cameras. One f these tasks invlved making a 3-t-4-minute call t their parents, partners r friends and telling an imprtant lie. Participants had t make up the lie themselves during the call, and the thermal cameras picked up this “ppsite Pincchi effect” caused by the changes in temperature in the nse and frehead.
Interestingly, the thermal lie detectr picked up the temperature difference in 80 percent f test participants, which is a better rate f success than that f any mdern lie detectr used by the plice. “With this methd we have increased accuracy and reduce the chances f ‘false psitives’, smething that is frequent with ther methds,” said Dr. Gómez Milán, wh added that plice culd ne day cmbine ther lie detectin technlgy with their technlgy t achieve better results.
8. Why did the temperature f the participants’ freheads g up during the test?
A. They felt ashamed.B. They had t think hard.
C. They were scared.D. They gt embarrassed.
9. What phenmenn des the “ppsite Pincchi effect” refer t?
A. The nse becmes smaller.B. The nse gets lnger.
C. The temperature gets higher.D. The temperature remains the same.
10. What can we learn abut the research?
A. The thermal lie detectr may assist the plice.
B. The thermal lie detectr has prven a ppular ne.
C. Researchers cnducted the study by interviewing.
D. Researchers designed different lies fr participants.
11. Which might be the best title fr the text?
A. Will Lie Detectrs Tell the Truth?B. Will Thermal Technlgy Be Reliable?
C. Will Lying Make Yur Nse Lnger?D. Will Lying Make Yur Temperature Rise?
They say prcrastinatin is the thief f time — actually deadlines are. New research has fund that if yu want smene t help yu ut with smething, it is best nt t set a deadline at all. But if yu d set a deadline, make it shrt.
Prfessr Stephen Knwles tested the effect f deadline length n task cmpletin fr their research. Participants were invited t cmplete an nline survey cncerning a charity dnatin. They were given either ne week, ne mnth, r n deadline t respnd. Prfessr Knwles says althugh the tpic f the survey is abut charity, the results are true f any situatin where smene asks anther persn fr help.
The study fund respnses t the survey were lwest fr the ne-mnth deadline and highest when n deadline was specified. N deadline and the ne-week deadline led t many early respnses, while a lng deadline appeared t give peple permissin t prcrastinate, and then frget. Prfessr Knwles wasn’t surprised t find that specifying a shrter deadline increased the chances f receiving a respnse cmpared t a lnger deadline. Hwever, he did find it interesting that they received the mst respnses when n deadline was specified.
“We interpret this as evidence that specifying a lnger deadline, as ppsed t a shrt deadline r n deadline at all, remves the urgency t act,” he says. “Peple therefre put ff undertaking the task, and since they are inattentive r frget, pstpning it results in lwer respnse rates.”
He says f the research that it is pssible that nt specifying a deadline might still have led participants t assume that there is an unspken deadline. Prfessr Knwles hpes his research can help reduce the amunt f prcrastinating peple d. “Many peple prcrastinate. They have the best intentins f helping smene ut, but just d nt get arund t ding it.”
12. Why did Prfessr Knwles d the research?
A. T study the rle a deadline plays in prcrastinatin.
B. T find ut whether peple are interested in charity.
C. T attract public attentin t the effects f prcrastinatin.
D. T test the effect f prcrastinatin n task cmpletin.
13. What mst likely leads t prcrastinatin?
A. N deadlines.B. Shrt deadlines.C. Specific deadlines.D. Lng deadlines.
14. What’s the attitude f Prfessr Knwles t the findings f the study?
A. Interested.B. Cnservative.C. Cnfused.D. Unsurprised.
15. Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the underlined wrd “inattentive”?
A. Careless.B. Unimprtant.C. Lazy.D. Difficult.
第三部分 七选五（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fd is part f wh we are. We all need it, survive because f it and derive happiness frm it. S if fd matters s much, why d we let s much f it g rtten in ur fridges, r get thrwn ut in ur stres? Sadly, we lve fd, but we dn’t take care f it. ____16____ Here are ways t help us lve ur fd better and grw respect fr the wrld behind what we eat.
• Reduce yur fd waste.
Buy nly the fd yu need, stre fd wisely, dnate excess and turn leftver fd int the next day’s meals. When we waste fd, all the resurces used fr grwing, prcessing, transprting and marketing that fd are wasted t. ____17____
• Supprt yur lcal fd prducers.
Chefs get awards, stars and recgnitin fr their creatins. But what abut ur farmers? ____18____ Shp at yur lcal markets and get t knw yur farmers. Giving them yur business is giving them yur recgnitin and respect.
• Adpt a healthier, mre sustainable diet.
____19____ We get energy and maintain health frm gd fd. We nrmally dn’t care the pwer that fd and nutritin have ver ur bdies. T much f it, r t much f nly ne kind f it, can lead t besity, deficiencies r diet-related diseases.
• ____20____
By treating each meal with pride, we respect the farmers wh prduced it, and the resurces that went int it. Respect can be passed n. Talk t the peple arund and t the next generatin abut making infrmed, healthy and sustainable fd chices.
Respecting fd means appreciating the back-stry f fd. When we knw the full picture, it is easier t see what ur fd really stands fr and hw precius it really is.
A. Have a cnversatin.
B. Learn where fd cmes frm.
C. Our bdies cnsume calries and nutrients.
D. Fr many peple n the planet, fd is giving.
E. Fd is s much mre than what is n ur plates.
F. One third f all fd prduced glbally is lst r wasted.
G. Withut them, we wuldn’t have the fresh fd we need n a daily basis.
第四部分 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
“New Recruits Wanted.” This sign caught my eye and revived (重新唤起）the dream I had since my childhd. But, just as quickly, I ___21___ myself that I was getting clse t sixty. ___22___ fr a while, I finally entered the hall and filled ut an applicatin.
My dream f becming a(n) ___23___ began when I watched the televisin shw Rescue 8, filmed with the cperatin f the Ls Angeles Fire Department ___24___, a career in cnstructin and a family t raise gt in the way f wrking fr the lcal fire department. Nw, in anticipatin f ___25___, my wife and I had just relcated t a beautiful village near Seattle. I had time t give.
T my ___26___, I was accepted fr training. Yes, I was the ldest recruit, and it was s tugh that I was ready t ___27___ ne day. When I gt hme frm ___28___ that day, a friend came ver. I was abut t say I culdn't d it anymre when he passed me a beautifully-illustrated bk f firefighters in ___29___, with a persnalized message f inspiratin, ___30___ me t fllw my dream. As I lked thrugh the pages, I felt amazed at the curage and ___31___ f these brave individuals. It gave me the strength I needed t ___32___.
Over the next few weeks, the training cntinued t be ___33___, but I never lst fcus again. I lst twenty punds, but ___34___ I was certificated as a firefighter. And nw I can drive the big red trucks and serve my cmmunity. When mst f my friends are retiring, I'm starting a new career I lve. And I knw that yu're never t ld t take n new ___35___; never t ld t fllw yur dreams.
21. A. cmfrtedB. cnvincedC. remindedD. warned
22. A. PreparingB. LkingC. WaitingD. Hesitating
23. A. athleteB. sldierC. firefighterD. pliceman
24. A. UnfrtunatelyB. UndubtedlyC. ThankfullyD. Hpefully
25. A. graduatinB. retirementC. prmtinD. registratin
26. A. disappintmentB. reliefC. puzzlementD. delight
27. A. hld utB. drp utC. make utD. wrk ut
28. A. trialB. wrkC. practiceD. exercise
29. A. actinB. rderC. chargeD. demand
30. A. allwingB. requiringC. persuadingD. encuraging
31. A. ambitinB. devtinC. industryD. intelligence
32. A. stand utB. catch upC. carry nD. take ff
33. A. intenseB. cmpetitiveC. cmplicatedD. rewarding
34. A. instantlyB. unexpectedlyC. eventuallyD. surprisingly
35. A. ideasB. psitinsC. tasksD. challenges
第五部分 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
Nt nly des wrk benefit us persnally, it als cntributes t the health f sciety. At _____36_____ mst basic level, different types f jbs are like gears in a machine. They wrk t ensure that the machine we call “sciety” _____37_____ (functin) prperly. In a successful, stable and _____38_____ (prduce) sciety, all jbs are equally imprtant and n ne is superir t anther, s we shuld nt have prejudice _____39_____ any f them. _____40_____ we are scientists, lawyers, dctrs, public servants, _____41_____ (cnsult), clerks, receptinists r butchers, we all make ur respective cntributins. Mrever, there are peple _____42_____ chse t step ut f their cmfrt zne and cmmit themselves t wrking fr the benefit f thers. Fr example, teachers in remte rural areas are devted t _____43_____ (change) the lives f the peple with _____44_____ (few) access t the advantages enjyed by many thers. In this way, we wrk ______45______ (advance) ur cmmunities and bring success t ur natin.
第六部分 书面表达（满分15分）
46. 假设你校英语社团举办以“汉语热”为主题的征文活动，请你以“Chinese: a language fr life”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容包括：
1. 介绍“汉语热”这一现象；
2. 分析“汉语热”的原因；
3. 预测“汉语热”的未来。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Chinese: a language fr life
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第七部分 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was lunchtime, Jerry, David, Tm, and I went t the dining hall t have lunch. I glanced acrss the busy cafeteria and saw the new student, Jack. He was hlding his plate and waiting in lines.
David nticed him t. “Why’s the new kid dressed like the headmaster?” he asked. Tm and Jimmy laughed.
“Jack’s cl. He’s in my English and histry classes,” I said. Hwever, I kept the truth that Jack and I had becme friends when we wrked n a prject tgether. We discvered that we were bth enthusiastic readers smething I wuld never admit t Jerry, David, Tm.
I saw that Jack was walking tward us. “Dn’t d it,” I thught, but in secnds he was at ur table. My friends raised their eyebrws. Jerry, David, Tm piled their backpacks n the table and chairs s that there was n space left fr anther persn t sit dwn. David said. “I dn’t think we have rm.”
This awkward situatin frze the air. I culd feel Jack lking at me, but I stared at my lunch as if it cntained precius pearls f wisdm instead f rice and beans. After a lng, uncmfrtable pause, Jack left. I shuld have spken up fr him, but I culdn’t walk away frm my three friends, culd I?
Jack didn’t speak t me after that meeting. He was sn hanging arund with anther grup f kids. A few mnths later, I saw an annuncement abut Jack being chsen t be president f the schl bk club. I was happy fr Jack’s achievements, but I realized I had made a big mistake when I said nthing at the lunch table that day. Why was I s afraid that my friends might find ut that I like t read?
As I stared at the annuncement. I knew I needed t aplgize t Jack — even if he did nt want t becme my friend again. I thught that my three friends wuld nt agree. I als thught that I risked lsing them as well. Hwever, I knew that I wuld lse myself if I did nthing.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As the dismissal bell rang, I gathered up my bks, tk a deep breath, and went t find Jack.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jack ndded, and then mentined my three Mends.
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【答案】1-5 AACAC 6-10 ABACB 11-15 CACAC 16-20 BBCAB
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章以My favurite Bks为题，介绍了作家Catherine Chung最喜欢的四本书籍。
1. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“She made majr cntributins t the field and became the first wman in Russia t btain a dctrate in mathematics.(她在这一领域做出了重大贡献，成为俄罗斯第一位获得数学博士学位的女性)”可知，T Much Happiness是关于一位俄罗斯女数学家先驱的。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据Stries f Yur Life and Others by Ted Chiang部分中“This cllectin cntains several maths stries.(这本合集里有几个数学故事。)”；The Husekeeper and the Prfessr by Yk Ogawa部分中“It’s abut a wman wh cmes t wrk fr a nce-great mathematician.(故事讲的是一个女人，她为一位曾经伟大的数学家工作)”；T Much Happiness by Alice Munr部分中“Kvalevskaya was a 19th-century mathematician(科瓦列夫斯卡娅是一名19世纪的数学家)”以及The Ore Miner's Wife by Karl Iagnemma部分中“It is abut a miner wh thinks he's discvered the prf t the prblem: cnstruct a square, equal in area t a given circle. (它是关于一个矿工的，他认为自己发现了问题的证明：构造一个正方形，面积等于一个给定的圆)”可知，列出的书籍具有的共同点是它们都包括数学。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s abut a wman wh cmes t wrk fr a nce-great mathematician. Due t a brain injury, he has nly 80 minutes f shrt-term memry available t him befre he frgets everything.(故事讲的是一个女人，她为一位曾经伟大的数学家工作。由于脑损伤，他只有80分钟的短期记忆，然后就会忘记一切)”可知，小川洋子书中的数学家在记忆方面有问题。故选B。
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女孩Tufa为帮助父亲教学几近消亡的奥罗莫语而自行制订和印刷教材，并通过众筹等方式让这些教材能被更多人使用的故事。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“But when Dad was teaching us Orm, there were n textbks r learning materials at all. And that struck me as really strange.”(但当爸爸教我们奥罗莫语时，根本没有教科书或学习材料。这让我觉得很奇怪。)可知，Tufa对学习奥罗莫语时缺乏学习资料感到奇怪。故选C。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“But as Tufa gt lder and began ding her wn research, she discvered why speaking abut Orm was s painful fr her father.”(但随着Tufa长大并开始自己的研究，她发现了为什么说起奥罗莫会让她的父亲如此痛苦。)可知，第三段是为了解释原因。故选A。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“She launched a crwdfunding campaign s she culd print mre Orm learning materials.”(她发起了一项众筹活动，这样她就可以印刷更多的奥罗莫语学习材料。)可知，Tufa通过众筹满足对奥罗莫语学习材料不断增长的需求。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tufa grew up in Australia, s she culdn't understand why her father insisted n teaching her Orm, a language spken in Ethipia.”(Tufa在澳大利亚长大，所以她不明白为什么她的父亲坚持教她奥罗莫语，一种埃塞俄比亚人说的语言。)可知，文章前两段是讲Tufa的父亲坚持教她奥罗莫语，这让她无法理解。根据第三段第一句“But as Tufa gt lder and began ding her wn research, she discvered why speaking abut Orm was s painful fr her father.”(但随着Tufa长大并开始自己的研究，她发现了为什么说起奥罗莫会让她的父亲如此痛苦。)可知，第三段讲述了背后的原因，表明因为国家领土被占领，奥罗莫语被禁止，几近消亡。根据第四段最后两句“As she helped t teach the students, Tufa realised the teaching resurces were awful. She decided t create psters and wrksheets fr her father's students, using her wn mney t get them printed.”(当她帮助教学生时，Tufa意识到教学资源很糟糕。她决定为她父亲的学生制作海报和活页练习题，用自己的钱印刷。)可知，Tufa为了帮助学生学习奥罗莫语，自己制订并印刷了教学材料。根据第五段最后一句“Tufa realised that if there was a demand fr Orm child educatin materials in Australia, there must be ther cmmunities arund the wrld where resurces were als needed.”(Tufa意识到，如果澳大利亚对奥罗莫儿童教育材料有需求，那么世界上一定有其他社区也需要这些资源。)和第六段第一句“She launched a crwdfunding campaign s she culd print mre Orm learning materials.”(她发起了一项众筹活动，这样她就可以印刷更多的奥罗莫学习材料。)可知，为了满足更多的需求，Tufa发起了一项众筹活动来印刷更多的奥罗莫学习材料。根据第六段最后两句“Her resurces have als fund their way t Ethipia, with peple sending cpies t family members wh still live there. This year, she plans t launch an nline stre fr her publishing cmpany.”(她的资源也传到了埃塞俄比亚，人们把印刷本寄给仍住在那里的家人。今年，她计划为自己的出版公司开设一个网上商店。)可知，此处是讲Tufa的奥罗莫学习材料的发展现状良好，日益壮大。所以这篇文章主要是讲女孩Tufa通过努力帮助奥罗莫语重获新生。故选C。
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙科学家最近发现的一个“反皮诺曹效应”：人们在撒谎的时候，鼻子不是变长，而是变小。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的倒数第二句中“One has t think in rder t lie, which raises the temperature f the frehead.”（一个人必须思考才能撒谎，这会提高额头的温度。）可知，被试在测试中额头温度升高是因为他们在仔细思考。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。匹诺曹的故事里，匹诺曹撒谎时，鼻子会变长，但是根据第一段“Pincchi may be just a children’s stry, but Spanish scientists at the University f Granada recently investigated the s-called ‘Pincchi effect’ and fund that ur nses dn’t grw lnger when we tell a lie, but actually get a little bit smaller.”（匹诺曹兴许只是儿童故事，但是格拉纳达大学的西班牙科学家最近研究了所谓的“匹诺曹效应”，发现我们说谎时鼻子不会长，但实际上会缩小一点。）可知，研究发现撒谎时鼻子会缩小，与匹诺曹的故事相反，说明“反匹诺曹效应”指的是说谎时鼻子会缩小。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“‘With this methd we have increased accuracy and reduce the chances f ‘false psitives’, smething that is frequent with ther methds,’ said Dr. Gómez Milán, wh added that plice culd ne day cmbine ther lie detectin technlgy with their technlgy t achieve better results”（戈麦斯·米兰博士说：“我们用这种方法提高了测谎准确率，降低了误报的发生率，而其他方法经常会出现误报。”他还说，警察可能有一天能够把热成像技术和其他测谎技术结合起来以达到更准确的结果。）可知，如果警察日后能够将热成像技术和其他测谎技术结合起来，那么就会有更好的结果，说明热成像测谎仪也许能够帮助警察。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段“Pincchi may be just a children’s stry, but Spanish scientists at the University f Granada recently investigated the s-called ‘Pincchi effect’ and fund that ur nses dn’t grw lnger when we tell a lie, but actually get a little bit smaller.”（匹诺曹兴许只是儿童故事，但是格拉纳达大学的西班牙科学家最近研究了所谓的“匹诺曹效应”，发现我们说谎时鼻子不会长，但实际上会缩小一点。）可知，文章由匹诺曹为切入点，介绍了一个研究，该研究发现人在撒谎时鼻尖温度会降低，这会导致鼻子稍微变小——这就是“反匹诺曹效应”。所以C项“撒谎会让你的鼻子变长吗？”最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. D 15. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们拖延与设定截止日期的时间长短有关。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Prfessr Stephen Knwles tested the effect f deadline length n task cmpletin fr their research. (Stephen Knwles教授在他们的研究中测试了截止日期长度对任务完成的影响)”可推知，Stephen Knwles教授做这项研究是为了研究设定截止日期对拖延这一行为的影响。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“N deadline and the ne- week deadline led t many early respnses, while a lng deadline appeared t give peple permissin t prcrastinate, and then frget. (没有截止日期和一周的截止日期导致了许多早期的回复，而较长的截止日期似乎允许人们拖延，然后忘记)”可知，设定很长的截止日期最有可能导致拖延。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Prfessr Knwles wasn’t surprised t find that specifying a shrter deadline increased the chances f receiving a respnse cmpared t a lnger deadline.(Knwles教授毫不惊讶地发现，与较长的截止日期相比，指定较短的截止日期会增加收到回复的机会)”可推知，Knwles教授对这项研究结果的态度是不惊讶的。故选D。
4. 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Peple therefre put ff undertaking the task, and since they are”以及后文“r frget, pstpning it results in lwer respnse rates”可知，由于人们疏忽或忘记，人们会推迟完成任务，推迟任务会导致较低的回复率。故画线词意思是“疏忽的”。故选A。
【答案】16. F 17. E 18. G 19. C 20. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了我们都需要食物，因为它而生存，并从中获得幸福；但是食物浪费的现象过于严重。文章提出了可以帮助我们更好地爱惜我们的食物，并培养对我们所吃食物背后的世界的尊重的几个方法。
1. 根据前文“Sadly, we lve fd, but we dn’t take care f it.(可悲的是，我们喜欢食物，但我们没有照顾它。)”提到“我们”并不珍惜食物，由此可推知，设空句应是再一次用实例证实这一观点，以增加可信度。选项F“One third f all fd prduced glbally is lst r wasted.(全球生产的粮食有三分之一被损失或浪费。)”用数字举例的方式对前文观点进行了例证，符合分析。故选F项。
2. 设空句在段末，应是对前文内容的总结。根据前文“When we waste fd, all the resurces used fr grwing, prcessing, transprting and marketing that fd are wasted t.(当我们浪费食物时，所有用于种植、加工、运输和销售这些食物的资源也被浪费了。)”可知，浪费食物的所带来的是一系列的浪费，因此，设空句应总结强调“食物的意义”。选项E“Fd is s much mre than what is n ur plates.(食物远不止是我们盘子里的东西。)”用“s much mre than what is n ur plates(比我们盘子里的要多得多)”概括了前文提及的“all the resurces used fr grwing, prcessing, transprting and marketing(所有用于种植、加工、运输和销售的资源)”，前后衔接紧密，符合分析。故选E项。
3. 根据该部分主题“Supprt yur lcal fd prducers.(支持当地的食品生产商。)”可知，该部分强调支持“食品生产者”，且前文“But what abut ur farmers?(但是我们的农民呢?)”提及了农民，那么可推知，设空句应解释农民的重要性。选项G“Withut them, we wuldn’t have the fresh fd we need n a daily basis.(没有他们，我们就不会有我们每天需要的新鲜食物。)”用双重否定句强调了农民的重要性，在句意上贴合该部分主题，符合分析。故选G项。
4. 根据该部分主题“Adpt a healthier, mre sustainable diet.(采用更健康、更可持续的饮食。)”可知，该部分强调健康饮食，设空句为该段首句，应进一步解释为何要健康饮食。选项C“Our bdies cnsume calries and nutrients.(我们的身体消耗热量和营养。)”提出身体需要消耗热量和营养，健康的饮食才能给与这些营养，因此，该句是对主题句的进一步解释，同时，“calries”，“nutrients”与后文“We get energy and maintain health frm gd fd.(我们从好的食物中获得能量和保持健康。)”中“energy”相呼应，前后衔接紧密。故选C项。
5. 设空句为标题句。根据后文“Talk t the peple arund and t the next generatin abut making infrmed, healthy and sustainable fd chices.(和周围的人以及下一代谈谈如何做出明智、健康和可持续的食物选择。)”可知，该段强调“与人谈论明智，健康和可持续的饮食”，因此，设空句作为标题，应突出核心词汇“谈论”。选项A“Have a cnversatin.(进行交谈。)”与后文“Talk t…”相呼应，在句意上概括主题，在词汇上出现复现，符合分析。故选A项。
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了快60岁的作者决定参加消防员训练，虽然曾想过放弃，但是最终获得了消防证书的故事。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，我很快又提醒自己，我已经快60岁了。A. cmfrted安慰；B. cnvinced说服；C. reminded提醒；D. warned警告。根据后文“myself that I was getting clse t sixty.”可知作者提醒自己快60岁了。故选C。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：犹豫了一会儿，我终于走进大厅，填了一份申请表。A. Preparing准备；B. Lking看；C. Waiting等待；D. Hesitating犹豫。作者想到自己快60岁了，所以犹豫了一会儿才下决心。故选D。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我成为一名消防员的梦想始于我看了电视节目《救援8》，这部电视剧是由洛杉矶消防局合作拍摄的。A. athlete运动员；B. sldier士兵；C. firefighter消防员；D. pliceman警察。根据后文“the Ls Angeles Fire Department”可知作者想成为消防员。故选C。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，建筑业的职业和要抚养的家庭妨碍了我为当地消防部门工作。A. Unfrtunately不幸地；B. Undubtedly确实地；C. Thankfully感谢地；D. Hpefully有希望地。根据后文“a career in cnstructin and a family t raise gt in the way f wrking fr the lcal fire department”可知，不幸的是，建筑业的职业和要抚养的家庭妨碍了我为当地消防部门工作。故选A。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，为了退休，我和妻子刚搬到西雅图附近的一个美丽的村庄。A. graduatin毕业；B. retirement退休；C. prmtin提拔；D. registratin注册。结合上文提到作者快60岁了，可知是退休了，和妻子刚搬到西雅图附近的一个美丽的村庄。故选B。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我高兴的是，我被接受了训练。A. disappintment失望；B. relief安慰；C. puzzlement困惑；D. delight高兴。根据后文“I was accepted fr training.”可知作者被接受了，所以很高兴。故选D。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：是的，我是年龄最大的新兵，工作太难了，以至于有一天我都准备退出了。A. hld ut坚持；B. drp ut退出；C. make ut理解；D. wrk ut解决。根据上文“it was s tugh that I was ready t”可知工作太难，作者想退出。故选B。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天当我练习完回家时，一个朋友过来了。A. trial试验；B. wrk工作；C. practice练习；D. exercise锻炼。呼应上文“I was accepted fr training”指练习完，故选C。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我正打算说我再也不能这样做的时候，他递给我一本绘有精美插图的消防员行动的书，书中还附有个性化的激励信息，鼓励我追随自己的梦想。A. actin行动；B. rder订单；C. charge收费；D. demand要求。根据上文“a beautifully-illustrated bk f firefighters in”可知这本书里描绘消防员行动。故选A。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我正打算说我再也不能这样做的时候，他递给我一本绘有精美插图的消防员行动的书，书中还附有个性化的激励信息，鼓励我追随自己的梦想。A. allwing允许；B. requiring需要；C. persuading说服；D. encuraging鼓励。根据上文“me t fllw my dream”可知书上的信息鼓励作者追随梦想。故选D。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我翻阅时，我对这些勇敢的人的勇气和奉献精神感到惊讶。A. ambitin野心；B. devtin奉献；C. industry工业；D. intelligence智力。根据后文“f these brave individuals”此处指消防员的奉献精神。故选B。
12. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它给了我坚持下去的力量。A. stand ut突出；B. catch up赶上；C. carry n继续，坚持；D. take ff起飞。根据上文“It gave me the strength I needed t”可知作者从书里得到了坚持下去的力量。故选C。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几周里，训练继续紧张，但我再也没有失去注意力。A. intense强烈的；B. cmpetitive竞争的；C. cmplicated复杂的；D. rewarding值得的。根据上文“the training cntinued t be”可知训练继续紧张进行了。故选A。
14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我瘦了20磅，但最终我获得了消防证书。A. instantly立即；B. unexpectedly意外地；C. eventually终于；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据后文“I was certificated as a firefighter”可知作者最终获得了消防证书。故选C。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道你们永远不会因为老而不能接受新的挑战；追逐梦想永远不嫌老。A. ideas想法；B. psitins位置；C. tasks任务；D. challenges挑战。作者60岁时追随自己的梦想，所以此处指永远不会因为老而不能接受新的挑战。故选D。
【答案】36. the 37. functins 38. prductive 39. t 40. Whether 41. cnsultants 42. wh/that 43. changing 44. less 45. t advance
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工作不仅使我们个人受益，而且有助于社会的健康。在一个成功、稳定、生产的社会中，所有的工作都是同等重要的，没有什么工作是高人一等的，所以我们不应该对任何工作抱有偏见。无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、办事员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都做出了各自的贡献。
1. 考查冠词。句意：在最基本的层面上，不同类型的工作就像机器中的齿轮。最高级前应用定冠词the。故填the。
2. 考查时态。句意：他们的工作是确保我们称之为“社会”的机器正常运转。根据上文They wrk可知为一般现在时，主语为the machine，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填functins。
3. 考查形容词。句意：在一个成功、稳定、生产的社会中，所有的工作都是同等重要的，没有孰高孰低的，所以我们不应该对任何一种工作抱有偏见。修饰后文名词sciety应用形容词prductive，作定语。故填prductive。
4. 考查介词。句意：在一个成功、稳定、生产的社会中，所有的工作都是同等重要的，没有孰高孰低的，所以我们不应该对任何一种工作抱有偏见。结合句意表示“对……有偏见”短语为have prejudice t。故填t。
5. 考查固定句型。句意：无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、办事员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都有各自的贡献。结合句意表示“无论是……还是……”句型为whether…r…。故填Whether。
6. 考查名词。句意：无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、办事员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都有各自的贡献。结合句意表示“顾问”应用名词cnsultant，结合上文“we are scientists, lawyers, dctrs, public servants”可知用复数形式。故填cnsultants。
7. 考查定语从句。句意：此外，有些人选择走出自己的舒适区，致力于为他人的利益而工作。此处为定语从句修饰先行词peple，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词wh或that。故填wh/that。
8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，偏远农村地区的教师致力于改变那些无法享受到许多人享有的优势的人的生活。表示“致力于……”短语为be devted t ding sth.。故填changing。
9. 考查比较级。句意：例如，偏远农村地区的教师致力于改变那些无法享受到许多人享有的优势的人的生活。结合语境可知此处表示“更少的”应用比较级less。故填less。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过这种方式，我们努力推进我们的社区，为我们的国家带来成功。advance在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填t advance。
【答案】Chinese: a language fr life
With the develpment f ur ecnmy, China is playing mre and mre imprtant rle in the wrld, which attracts many freigners frm different cuntries t cme r t learn Chinese.
They admire and appreciate ur culture and histry, s they cnsider it necessary t learn Chinese well. They think it is a way t knw mre abut China. Besides, they can pssess a gd chance and an advantage t live r wrk in China if they can speak Chinese fluently and accurately. Chinese is becming really ppular amng thse wh want t seek frtune in China.
It is bvius that ur cuntry is well recgnized and is getting pwerful internatinally, f which we Chinese really feel prud.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于说明文。假设你校英语社团举办以“汉语热”为主题的征文活动，请你以“Chinese: a language fr life”为题，写一篇英语短文。
1. 词汇积累
吸引：attract→appeal
必要的：necessary→essential
显然：bvius→apparent
此外：besides→in additin
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：They admire and appreciate ur culture and histry, s they cnsider it necessary t learn Chinese well.
拓展句：Admiring and appreciating ur culture and histry, they cnsider it necessary t learn Chinese well.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] With the develpment f ur ecnmy, China is playing mre and mre imprtant rle in the wrld, which attracts many freigners frm different cuntries t cme r t learn Chinese. (运用了非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Besides, they can pssess a gd chance and an advantage t live r wrk in China if they can speak Chinese fluently and accurately. (运用了条件状语从句)
【答案】As the dismissal bell rang, I gathered up my bks, tk a deep breath, and went t find Jack. A wave f uncertainty verwhelmed me. On the way t Jack’s classrm. I felt several butterflies still fluttering in my heart. Hwever, urged by the strng desire t be a member f the reading club, I quickened my paces spntaneusly. The classrm dr pened. Here came Jack. Lking int his eyes, I made an aplgy, explaining that I wanted t jin the schl bk club.
Jack ndded and then mentined my three friends. With hesitatin, I had n idea hw t answer him. Seeing thrugh my mind, Jack smiled and put frward a gd idea. The next day, we were having lunch when Jack apprached, hlding a ntice t recruit new members, saying that if smene wanted t jin the club, he must take three ther students t frm a grup. T my surprise, my friends were als interested in the bk club. In a flash, Jack and I beamed t each ther.
【解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者和Jerry, David, Tm是好朋友，但是向他们隐瞒了和Jack在读书俱乐部成为了朋友的事情，某天中午Jack想要和他们坐在一起，但是被其他三个朋友粗鲁地拒绝了，作者也没有为Jack说话，之后Jack也没跟作者说话，作者意识到自己犯了错，需要向Jack道歉。最后作者鼓起勇气和Jack道了歉，取得了原谅，最后发现其他三个朋友也对读书俱乐部感兴趣。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“下课铃声响了，我收拾好课本，深吸一口气，去找杰克。”可知，第一段可描写作者去找杰克道歉时的心理活动，以及诉说想参加学校的读书俱乐部的愿望。
②由第二段首句内容“杰克点点头，然后提到了我的三个朋友”可知，第二段可描写杰克想到邀请作者其他三个朋友加入读书俱乐部的办法，解决了作者的困境，三个朋友也对俱乐部感兴趣。
2. 续写线索：找杰克——感到不安——道歉——杰克邀请另外三个人加入俱乐部——另外三个朋友也感兴趣
3. 词汇激活
行为类
走向：g t/ n the way t/ apprach/ walk tward
提出：put frward/ cme up with
道歉：make an aplgy / aplgize
情绪类
惊讶：t ne’s surprise / surprised
感兴趣：be interested in / shw interest in
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Lking int his eyes, I made an aplgy, explaining that I wanted t jin the schl bk club. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] The next day, we were having lunch when Jack apprached, hlding a ntice t recruit new members, saying that if smene wanted t jin the club, he must take three ther students t frm a grup. (运用了sb. be ding sth. when…句型)