2023届湖南省长沙市长郡中学高三下学期一模英语试题含解析

  长郡中学2023届模拟试卷（一）

英语

注意事项：

1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 听力（共两节, 满分30分）

第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A. £19. 15.      B. £9. 18.      C. £9. 15.

答案是C。

1. What will the woman do after the class?

A. See a teacher.    B. Talk with classmates.   C. Go to the beach.

2. Where are the speakers?

A. At a conference room.  B. On the plane.     C. On the train.

3. Which tourist spot does the woman highly recommend?

A. The Great Wall.    B. The Forbidden City.   C. The Summer Palace.

4. What does the man tell Anne to do?

A. Meet Mr. Smith.    B. Leave at 9 o＇clock.   C. Postpone his appointment.

5. How much will the man receive from his father?

A. 400 yuan.     B. 600 yuan.     C. 800 yuan.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟；听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。

6. What did the speakers plan to do?

A. Paint the wall.   B. See a film.   C. Visit their classmate.

7. Why did the man break his promise?

A. He was busy doing housework.

B. He forgot the phone number.

C. He went to the cinema.

听第7段材料, 回答第8至10题。

8. What does the woman want to know about the swimming pool?

A. Its charge.    B. Its length.     C. The water temperature.

9. How deep is the swimming pool?

A. 2 meters at most.   B. 1. 4 meters at most.   C. 1. 5 meters at least.

10. What will the woman do next?

A. Find a swimming trainer.

B. Rest at the edge of the pool.

C. Jump into the pool.

听第8段材料, 回答第11至13题。

11. What does the man say about being a salesman?

A. He didn't enjoy it.  B. He wasn't good at it.   C. He was satisfied with it.

12. What's the man like according to the conversation?

A. Warm-hearted.   B. Outgoing.     C. Careful.

13. Which city will the man work in?

A. Paris.     B. Chicago.      C. Los Angeles.

听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。

14. How many books does the man want to borrow this time?

A. Two.     B. Three.      C. Six.

15. Why is the man unable to borrow any books?

A. He has an overdue book.

B. He has used up his quota（限额）.

C. He has lost the library card.

16. What does the woman suggest the man do?

A. Call his friend.   B. Copy what he needs.   C. Ask a reader for help.

17. What does the man think of the woman's suggestion?

A. Great.     B. Confusing.     C. Unhelpful.

听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。

18. What did Milton do?

A. He caught a thief.

B. He went to a theme park.

C. He traveled over 3, 000 miles.

19. What happened on Monday?

A. Some cars were stolen.

B. An interview was conducted.

C. The Johnson family moved to New York.

20. What will viewers see next?

A. An interview.   B. A commercial report.   C. An advertisement.

第二部分 阅读（共两节, 满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分）

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

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21. What is New Malden Airport Transfers probably?

A. A taxi producer.    B. A small start-up.

C. A transfer station.   D. A taxi company.

22. Which is the feature of the New Malden taxi service?

A. It charges the lowest price.

B. It can only be booked online.

C. It is available around the clock.

D. It can be enjoyed all over London.

23. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To advertise the New Malden taxi service.

B. To show the benefits of New Malden taxis.

C. To attract visitors to tour around New Malden.

D. To stress the necessity of airport transfer service.

B

In 1999, John Smyth, a high-school teacher decided it was time to retire. Together with his wife Helen, he set off on a journey around Australia. But when they returned, John found he missed the classroom, so he spent another eight years doing casual teaching.

Then he heard about a program known as Volunteers for Isolated Students' Education （VISE）, which pairs up energetic people with educational experience, usually retired teachers, with children whose schooling is largely done remotely, because they live too far away from towns and cities to attend regular schools. John grew up in the country and as a kid in the bush, he always dreamed of running with circus, but he didn't even have much chance to see the circus in person. Therefore he was immediately interested in the program and got a travelling post as a teacher with Stardust Circus.

The lesson timetable was built around the kids performance schedules. "The eight-year-old I tutored was an awesome gymnast who was part of the teeterboard （跷跷板）act, ”he explains. “A big guy would jump on the other side, he would swing up in the air, do a couple of twirls（旋转） and land on his uncle＇s shoulders. . . and his uncle was standing on the boy＇s father's shoulders!” The circus still includes some animal acts, including lions, monkeys, horses, goats and pigs. John and his wife Helen found it extraordinary enough to sink into sleep to the sound of lions roaring, but one day the lion-trainer, Matt, gave him a very special privilege, inviting him in to meet four 13-month-old lions in person. While it was understandably a little scary at first, for John it was a never-to-be-forgotten experience, which helped him realize his boyhood dream in his 75th year.

24. Why did John Smyth stay in the Stardust Circus?

A. To run the circus.

B. To live far from towns.

C. To educate the children.

D. To conduct a program.

25. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Teachers of the VISE program live too far away.

B. Children in the circus are taught at fixed time.

C. John instructed the gymnast's performance of swinging in the air.

D. The couple enjoyed sleeping with the sound of lions roaring.

26. Which word best describes John's experience of meeting the little lions?

A. Scary.   B. Upsetting.   C. Boring.   D. Memorable.

27. What is the best title for the text?

A. Working for a Living

B. Returning to School

C. Running with the Circus

D. Travelling with Animals

C

Recently, more than 1, 000 researchers and executives signed an open letter calling for a pause in research on artificial intelligence. The letter warns that AI may threaten jobs, spread propaganda（宣传）, and even lead to the “loss of control of our civilization＂.

Many of the signatories（签署者）are thoughtful and experienced AI practitioners. Their concerns should be taken seriously. On balance, though, their approach is likely to evolve into an opposition to progress.

Consider the broader worldview expressed in this document. It said, “Powerful AI systems should be developed only once we are confident that their effects will be positive and risks manageable. ” This is a formula for complete stop, as no one can ever be so confident. The history of innovation is one of trial and error, risk and reward. One reason why the US leads the world in digital technology is that it did not constrain the industry with well-meaning but doubtful regulation. Slowing AI progress, moreover, carries risks all its own. Don't forget that this technology is likely to make the world richer, healthier, smarter and more productive for decades to come. By 2030, it might be contributing more than $15 trillion to the global economy. Advances in medicine, biology, climate science, education, manufacturing, transportation and much more are on the horizon. Any new rules must be balanced against the vast potential of these efforts.

Nor is AI research advancing into a void（空白领域）. The industry already operates within legal parameters（范畴） in response to potential harms. Companies have ensured their products are safe. Trade associations are developing codes of conduct and ethical frameworks. Far from the “out-of-control race”, the AI business is constrained by law and politics and consumer sentiment.

It's natural to worry about new technologies. But the wealth and abundance of American society is due in no small part to risks taken in the past, in a spirit of openness and optimism. The AI revolution deserves no less.

28. Why did the researchers and executives sign the open letter?

A. Because the research on AI had been paused.

B. Because AI had uncontrollably destroyed human civilization.

C. Because they were worried about the potential risks of AI.

D. Because they were more experienced than others in AI field.

29. Why is the US mentioned in paragraph 3?

A. To support that innovation comes from taking risks.

B. To stress that the US is very important in the digital field.

C. To draw attention to the benefits of well-meaning regulations.

D. To reveal those people's real purpose of signing the letter.

30. What can we infer from this passage?

A. AI technology consumes more money than it can earn.

B. Society will hugely benefit from AI technology in the future.

C. The AI industry is now developing without any restrictions.

D. The development of AI technology is just a solo effort.

31. What's the writer's attitude towards AI revolution?

A. Doubtful.  B. Supportive.  C. Neutral.   D. Indifferent.

D

Poison frogs across Central and South America display some of the brightest colors in the animal kingdom. The way such creatures evolved to be just colorful enough to signal their toxic （有毒的）defense-but not so colorful that they become vulnerable to predators（捕食者）-has long been a grey area for scientists. Initially, predators would not have known that bright colors signal toxicity, and therefore would have eaten, and then become ill-these easily-spotted few members of a species with the colorful mutation（突变）. In theory, this should make it virtually impossible for the aposematic （防护色的）pioneers to pass on their genes to their offspring, allowing for the mutation to take hold in the population.

To get to the bottom of this dilemma, Karl Loeffler Henry, a researcher at Carleton University launched the new study. Loeffler Henry's team pored over data from the family trees of 1, 100 species of frogs, newts and salamanders, and categorized them into one of five groups. On one end of range are the creatures with bright blues, yellows and reds. On the other are species that blend in perfectly with their surroundings. Between these poles, the scientists place species with camouflaged（伪装的）tops and colorful bottoms in various degrees. These tend to display their dramatic halves only when trying to defend themselves from predators.

The team used nine different computer models to test the potential evolutionary routes the species in the bright aposematic group might have taken to evolve this way. In the end, the researchers realized that they all kind of followed a similar pattern, evolving from species in the middle of that range, those whose colors are hidden unless in danger.

There have also been other theories proposed, but this new theory presents a mechanism that is likely to play a role in the evolution of anti-predator defense in various prey groups and a wide range of different predators. Possibly, it might inspire the exploration of evolution of warning coloration in other animal groups as well.

32. What remained unclear to scientists in the past?

A. How the proper shades of the colors are evolved.

B. How these creatures signal their toxic defence.

C. Which colors are better at scaring predators away.

D. Which creatures are at higher risk of being eaten.

33. What do the underlined words “this dilemma” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. The predators clearly knew about the toxicity but still feed on them.

B. The first colorful members have bright colors but can avoid predators.

C. The first colorful members were eaten but the mutation was passed on.

D. The predators became seriously ill but their population continued to boom.

34. What do we know about the new study?

A. The colors of all those species were either bright or grey.

B. The aposematic group evolved by following nine routes.

C. The researchers observed these different species in the wild.

D. The origin of the evolution turned out to be the hidden colors.

35. What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A. Other theories of the evolution.

B. Other animals' evolution routes.

C. The drawbacks of the study.

D. The significance of the study.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分）

阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Have you ever had a staring contest? It can be difficult to keep your eyes open for long periods of time because of the natural tendency to blink. But why do we need to blink?

There are two main reasons. First, blinking clears away dust from the eyes. 36 It might be under the eyelid or something that blew in.

Second, blinking lubricates（润滑）the eye-balls. The eyes need a smooth surface for light to properly focus on, so vision becomes clear. Blinking releases a tear film-which mostly consists of water , oil and mucus-to keep the surface of the eyeball smooth. 37 The tear film also supplies oxygen to the eye. The film also helps prevent the eye from becoming infected.

Blinking happens naturally. It takes the average person 400 milliseconds to blink. Most people blink somewhere between 10 and 20 times per minute, usually around 15 or 16 times. 38

For example, you may blink more frequently if there's something in your eye. Certain conditions can make it feel like there's something in your eye, which makes you blink more.

Some people have habitual involuntary movements that lead them to blink frequently. 39 If you have uncorrected vision problems, you may blink more often because your eyes are naturally trying to correct the unclear vision.

If there is damage to the facial nerve, which is responsible for closing the eyelid, a person may blink more slowly or less often. Tiredness and some medications can cause a similar effect. 40 For example, when reading, people tend to blink at the end of a sentence rather than in the middle.

A. It also prevents the eye from drying out.

B. If there's a foreign body, it helps get rid of it.

C. And stress and anxiety can make you blink more, too.

D. Blinking more often than needed can give brain extra stress.

E. Pink eye and other types of infection can also cause damage on eyes.

F. However, there are some circumstances that make people blink more or less often.

G. Focusing on something like watching a movie, you may blink less to strengthen your focus.

第三部分 语言运用（共两节, 满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分, 满分15分）

阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

This year, hundreds of people around the world are applying for a desired job to run Port Lockroy, the world's most remote post office. The 41 is in Antarctica, and one of the key 42 is the ability to count penguins（企鹅）.

Each year, the UK Antarctic Heritage Trust 43 four postmen to live on the island from November to March. Apart from being a nearly 80-year-old British-owned post office, it 44 as a museum. Although employees each have unique 45 , they are cooperatively responsible for preserving the 46 place and caring for the thousands of tourists. The staff is also 47 environmental data collection and wildlife monitoring.

Applicants are warned there's not much time for relaxation and rest. Still, the job is highly 48. The UK Antarctic Heritage Trust gets hundreds of applications 49 for the position. They are mainly 50 to Port Lockroy, both for its history and its scientific significance. Lucy Dorman succeeded in applying for the 2019-2020 season. It was a real 51 for her. "Even though the job can be hard at times, there's a real sense of community. You've got to 52 , because you can't get away from each other very easily. I really love that sort of _53_, "she said. “And what you can achieve here is _54. The total experience offers both a different 55 towards the world and a new viewpoint on your function on the planet. ”

41. A. centre B. position C. aim D. unit

42. A. requirements B. characteristics C. virtues D. activities

43. A. persuades B. instructs C. encourages D. hires

44. A. exists B. transforms C. doubles D. develops

45. A. tastes B. talents C. roles D. backgrounds

46. A. temporary B. historic C. grand D. magical

47. A. in favor of B. in need of C. in possession of D. in charge of

48. A. paid B. sought-after C. hard-won D. respectable

49. A. annually B. weekly C. monthly D. daily

50. A. invited B. devoted C. related D. drawn

51. A. joy B. lesson C. effort D. shock

52. A. get along B. show off C. break through D. give in

53. A. loneliness B. eagerness C. looseness D. togetherness

54. A. consistent B. rewarding C. potential D. pure

55. A. entrance B. answer C. attitude D. introduction

第二节（共10小题；每小题1. 5分, 满分15分）

阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China is famous not only for its national treasure, the giant pandas, but also for their staple food-bamboo. It grows 56 （large） in south Changjiang River, and 57 （consider） as a material for arts and crafts and a symbol of integrity, it has enriched the traditional Chinese culture.

Throughout the centuries, bamboo has inspired the imagination of artists, while men of letters have written poetry 58 （express） their admiration for the 59 （pure） and elegance of bamboo. They 60 （compare） the qualities of bamboo 61 those of man, and Su Dongpo credited his literary inspiration to bamboo. Bamboo was also 62 favorite subject of noted Chinese painters of past dynasties.

Zheng Banqiao, a celebrated Qing dynasty painter, devoted his whole life to painting bamboo. In his later years, he painted The Bamboo and Stone, 63 there are no bright colors and only simple lines are shown. With all 64 （necessary） details removed, the elegance, beauty and strength of bamboo 65 （see） most effectively on paper.

第四部分 写作（共两节, 满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

假定你是李华, 你所在社区计划举行中国传统文化节, 并准备在英文网站上邀请外国游客参加。请你给社区写一封邮件申请做文化节志愿者, 内容包括：

1. 写信目的；

2. 个人优势；

3. 希望获准。

注意：

写作词数应为80左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Sir or Madam,

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节（满分25分）

阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

When I started karate（空手道）class a few years ago, I didn＇t know a single person. I felt ashamed of having no idea how to do any of the moves. Even though I liked the learning part, I did not like the feeling-worse-than-everyone part!

But one day after class while I was putting my shoes on, a girl named Abigail said, “That last kick we practiced is so hard for me, and you're so good at it. ”

“You must have confused me with someone else, ” I replied. “I'm not good at any of it. ”

“In that case, I'm in trouble, ” she joked, “because you're the one I stand behind and copy in class. ”

I laughed, “Seriously?”

"Seriously!” she laughed, too. After that, we became great friends. However, a few months later when Abigail's mom got a job in a different state and she had to move away, I was rather sad. I had a tough time dragging myself to karate for a while after that I missed Abigail so much.

Then, a girl named Ava joined my class. She was always quiet. Until one day we finally had a conversation.

“It must be weird（怪异的）being the new one in class. ” I said.

“So weird！” said Ava. “You do things really differently than we did at my old dojo（柔 道馆）. ”

I suddenly realized she'd been silent only because she was new. We started talking more, and we got along so well that we started hanging out after class. Then, almost a year later, guess who showed up at karate.

“This is so cool. " I said, giving Abigail a huge hug. “What are you doing here?”

“My mom's job in New York didn't work out, ” she explained. “So we got to move back. ”

“That's the best news ever!” I said. “You have to meet my dear friend Ava. And Ava, meet my dear friend Abigail. ”

I put my arms around their shoulders. Feeling very excited, I told them I hoped we could get along well and be close friends, while Abigail and Ava stared at each other with some hesitation and an uncertain smile.

注意：

1. 续写词数应为150词左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Things seemed all right at first.

One day, I simply could not take it anymore.