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高中英语上教版必修二 非谓语复习（原卷+解析卷）
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第五讲
非谓语复习
一、非谓语动词的作用
句子成分
非谓语
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
动名词
ü
ü
ü
ü
分 词
ü
ü
ü
ü
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
to do
to be done
动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式
to be doing
/
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
to have done
to have been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
doing
being done
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
having done
having been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
doing
being done
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
having done
having been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
三、非谓语动词的比较
1、不定式和动名词作主语的比较
1) 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动名词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
2) 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj/n + (for/of sb) to do sth。而动名词常用于It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish, worthwhile +doing句型。
It’s no use complaining.
2、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较
1) 只能接不定式的动词：agree (同意), aim (旨在), afford (承担得起), appear (似乎), attempt (试图), beg (恳求), begin, choose, demand (要求), decide, desire (渴望), determine (决定), expect, fail (未做), forget, guarantee (保证), hope, happen (碰巧), hesitate (犹豫), hurry, intend (打算), long (渴望), manage (设法做成), mean (打算), offer (愿意), plan, prefer, pretend (假装), promise, pray (祈祷), prove (证明), refuse (拒绝), resolve (决心), regret (遗憾), remember, remain (有待), strive/struggle (奋力), seem, tend (往往会), try (努力), unite (联合), volunteer (自愿), wish (想要).
2) 只能接动名词的动词：admit (承认), allow (允许), advise (建议), avoid (避免), appreciate (欣赏), ban (禁止), consider (考虑), delay (推迟), deny (否认), dislike, escape (逃避), enjoy, end up (以...结束), encourage, explain, excuse (原谅), feel like (想), finish, forbid (禁止), forgive (原谅), fancy/ imagine (想象), include/involve (包括), keep, mention (提及), mind (介意), miss (错过), pardon (原谅), practise, permit (允许), prohibit (禁止), postpone/put off (推迟), quit (停止), propose/ recommend (建议), recall (记起), report (报告), resist (抵抗), risk, save (避免), suggest, tolerate (忍受), understand, worth (值得).
3) 接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：
remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过
forget to do忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过
regret to do遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过
try to do设法去做 try doing试着做
go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事
mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做
stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停止做
can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 忍不住做
4) 要接动名词的几个句型：
prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing... 阻止...做
how about/what about doing
spend/waste time (money) in doing sth. 在...上花费或浪费时间或钱
have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing做...有困难
have a hard/good time/fun in doing 做...很艰难或做...很愉快
5) 动词不定式在but, except后面时，前有do后无to
have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的选择，只好做...
do nothing but do除了做...什么都没做
can’t choose/help but do只好做 can’t but do只好做
6) allow/advise/encourage/forbid/permit/recommend+doing/sb to do
7) sth need/want/require+doing/to be done
be worth doing = be worthy+to be done/of being done
3、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
1) 不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
2) 一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。
现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise: surprising, surprised。类似动词有：excite, astonish, shock, scare, disappoint, move等。
3) 在be, seem/appear, prove/turn out, remain等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。
4、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较
1) 不定式作宾补有3种情况：
① 可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有: advise, allow, ask, assign (分派), beg (恳求), cause (使), call on (号召), challenge (质疑，强烈建议), command (命令), dare (激某人做某事), direct (指示), drive (驱使), employ (雇佣), enable, encourage, expect, force (迫使), forbid (禁止), get (让), invite, inspire (鼓舞), instruct (指示), lead, order, oblige (迫使), permit (允许), persuade (说服), prepare (准备), remind (提醒), require (需要), request (要求), recommend (建议), send (派遣), teach, tell, tempt (吸引，诱惑), urge (力劝), want, warn.
② 动词不定式在动词feel (一感)，hear, listen to (二听)，have, let, make (三让)，notice, see, watch, observe, witness (五看) (即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。
③ 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
2) 感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done/being done (分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发生且表示被动) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel
3) 表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况：
动词
have
keep
get
leave
make
catch
send
现在分词
√
√
√
√
×
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
×
×
4) With的复合结构：With+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done。to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。
5) It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that… 可转化为：
sb/sth be said / reported/known/believed to do/to be doing/to have done sth.
5、不定式、动名词、分词作定语的比较
1) 在the only、no、all、any、序数词（the first/second）、顺序词（the last, the next）或形容词最高级修饰的名词后接不定式作定语。动词和形容词后接不定式，其相应的名词后也用不定式作定语，如agreement, desire, failure, intention, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness。名词本身是抽象名词，不定式解释其中的内容：efforts, opportunity, plan, position, power, way等。
2) 不定式作定语时，句子主语就是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动表被动。
3) 动名词作定语表用途，分词作定语可转化为定语从句。
4) 不定式和分词作定语的区别：
动作表将来，主动时用to do，被动时用to be done；
l 动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用doing，被动时用being done；
l 动作已完成，表被动时用done；不及物动词只表动作完成。
6、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1) 不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
① 目的：eg. She had to shout to make herself heard.
常见于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)
② 原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed.
如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
③ 结果：常用 only to do...来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。另外，固定结构：too...to do, enough to do, so/such...as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。
④ 在形容词后作状语，只用不定式 如：
The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.)
2) 现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：
* doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行
* having done：表示主动，且动作发生在主句之前
* done：表示被动且完成
* having been done：用来表示被动，且动作发生在主句之前
3) 独立主格结构
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
① 名词(代词)+现在分词：
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
② 名词(代词)+过去分词：
The test finished (= When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
③ 名词(代词)+不定式：
Many trees and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
例1. 选择题
1. He looked around and caught a man __________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.【2019川沙期中】
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
2. Did she appreciate __________ her mistakes?【2019曹二期中】
A. you to point out B. for you to point out
C. you pointing out D. you pointed out
3. If she accepts this position, she will have no choice but __________ an even greater challenge.【2019曹二期中】
A. to meet B. meets C. meeting D. meet
4. __________ standing outside the classroom alone because of being late, Bob didn’t know what to do.【2019奉贤期中】
A. To be left B. Having left C. Left D. Leaving
5. All flights __________ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.【2019奉贤期中】
A. had been cancelled B. having been cancelled
C. had cancelled D. having cancelled
6. __________ by the teacher to leave the classroom made him feel ashamed.【2019南模期中】
A. Asked B. Being asked C. Having asked D. To have asked
7. This is the only way that I can think of __________ the problem of water waste in urban areas.【2019南模期中】
A. setting B. to settle C. settle D. settled
8. The bell __________ the end of the period rang, __________ our heated discussion.【2020复兴高级期中】
A. indicating…interrupting B. indicated…interrupting
C. indicating…interrupted D. indicated…interrupted
9. __________ , the thief hid himself under the bed without daring to make a sound.【2020复兴高级期中】
A. Not caught B. Not having caught
C. Not to be caught D. Not being caught
10. Charles Babbage is generally considered __________ the first computer.【2020复兴高级期中】
A. to have invented B. inventing
C. to invent D. having invented
【难度】★★
【答案】DCACB BBACA
一、填空
1. It is considered no good __________ (recite) without understanding.
2. To avoid __________ (fire), you should be prepared to state how your contributions will benefit the company.
3. The hall was so noisy that the speaker couldn’t make himself __________ (hear).
4. Returning home, he found the back door open and something __________ (steal).
5. Though __________ (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
6. We will hold a meeting this afternoon because everyone finds these problems worth __________ (discuss).
7. He advised us __________ (see) the film, which was produced by the world-famous director.
8. There is no point __________ (argue) with those who stick to their own opinions.
9. About ten Chinese students were reported __________ (kill) in the earthquake in New Zealand.
10. We cannot help but __________ (wonder) what unknown greatness human beings have has not yet been discovered.
11. __________ (work) in the government for many years, he becomes famous among the citizens.
12. Once __________ (lose), such a chance will never come again.
13. It was his carelessness that led to him __________ (fail) in the exam.
14. A high-tech park is announced __________ (build) in this area, but when the project will be put into practice has not been scheduled.
15. After her success as a child actor, Taylor had no trouble __________ (move) into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress.
16. Mary left her coat __________ (lie) in the train.
17. __________ (not prepare) for the coming examinations before, I have no time for the film.
18. __________ (compare) with their life in the past, ours is much better.
19. The two prisoners of war came into the room, __________ (follow) by two soldiers gun in hand.
20. It has been proved that __________ (eat) vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life.
【难度】★★★
【答案】1. reciting 2. being fired 3. heard 4. stolen 5. lacking 6. discussing 7. to see 8. arguing 9. to have been killed 10. wonder 11. Having worked 12. lost 13. failing 14. to be built 15. moving 16. lying 17. Not having prepared 18. Compared 19. followed 20. eating
一、翻译
1. 广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的最有效途径之一。(enlarge)
2. 为了保证游客安全，游客在九点之后不得进入公园。(admit)
3. 无论多忙，我们都应该花点时间锻炼身体。(spend)
4. 在我们获得比赛胜利之前就讨论如何庆祝有意义吗？(point)
5. 当面对困难时，你越有信心，就越有可能摆脱困境。(likely)
6. 错过了头班地铁，我们别无选择，只能等着下列车的到来。(but)
【难度】★★★★
【答案】
1. Reading widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary.
2. To ensure the visitors’/tourists’ safety, visitors/tourists are not allowed to be admitted to the park/parks after nine.
3. No matter how busy we are, we should spend some time doing (physical) exercise.
4. Is there any point (in) discussing how to celebrate before we win the game?
5. When faced with troubles, the more confident you are, the more likely you are to get rid of it.
6. Having missed the earliest subway, we had no choice but to wait for the next train to come.
二、十一选十
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contrast B. unknown C. trapped D. responsibility E. willingness F. external
G. sense H. cease I. encounter J. indecisive K. passive
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as a(n) ___31___ result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By ___32___, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as we ___33___ new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends. There are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a ___34___ to take risks. And we are supposed to be ready to face the ___35___, and to accept the possibility that we may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re ___36___ and shy? Then our ___37___ of shyness can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? If so, then we are likely to take a more ___38___ role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. We will ___39___ to grow, if we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, and if we protect ourselves too much. We become ___40___ inside a shell of our own making.
【难度】★★★★
【答案】FAIEB JGKHC
一、填空
1. __________ (not take) a plane before, the old woman felt very sick.
2. It was a beautiful morning, and I saw a __________ (sing) bird in the tree.
3. When little Tom hurried to the classroom, he found many foreigners __________ (seat) at the back of the room.
4. Mary’s father was very happy because of her __________ (give) a prize.
5. Wet umbrellas are not allowed __________ (take) into this hotel.
6. The big tower __________ (build) in the Tang dynasty is __________ (repair) next spring.
7. The problem __________ (relate) to popularize education in mountain areas is well worth __________ (discuss).
8. I’d rather lose the game than __________ (hurt) my opponents.
9. Mr. Brown was made__________ (give) up his teaching because of his poor health.
10. I am exhausted. You can’t imagine what difficulty I have __________ (climb) the steep hill.
11. Professor Smith has his students __________ (write) compositions every Friday.
12. Can you imagine yourself __________ (stay) on a lonely island for three years?
13. Steven has devoted all his life to __________ (make) films, and Kate, his wife, is also __________ (devote) to the duty of her profession.
14. The film you saw last night was made __________ (base) on a true story that happened many years ago.
15. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _________ (inform) of what is happening in the world.
16. __________ (compare) with yours, our library is of too small a size.
17. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief __________ (catch).
18. __________ (allow) to travel abroad during the coming summer holidays makes Sara feel on top of the world.
19. The long-lasting war, __________ (fill) with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, __________ (reach) no result.
20. We were told that the stone figure __________ (date) back to the 16th century was of great value.
【难度】★★★
【答案】1. Not having taken 2. singing 3. seated 4. being given 5. to be taken 6. built, to be repaired 7. related, discussing 8. hurt 9. to give 10. climbing 11. write 12. staying 13. making, devoted 14. based 15. informed 16. Compared 17. being caught 18. Being allowed 19. filled, reaching 20. dating
二、完型填空
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.【2020南汇期中】
More Parents Shifting Careers to Achieve Work-life Balance
As a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. Working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park. So, three years ago, Demos began testing the waters to see if operating her own business making marketing videos would create an option for more ___41___ time.
Last month, Demos took a leap. Instead of renegotiating her ___42___, she left her job to take her venture to the next level — building her own video production/media training company. It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance that more ___43___ are making.
New research shows the top reason why people leave their jobs is to ___44___ opportunities with a better work-life balance. Those who make the ___45___ say there almost always is a main cause, either work- or home-related. It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events. It might even be a more ___46___ job offer.
For Denie Harris, the main cause was the attraction of a better ___47___ situation for a mom with young daughters. Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. It was a decision that required ___48___ all factors. The upside included seeing her children during the workday and sharing the same ___49___ with them. The downside was leaving the corporate world and earning less. “Everything in life is a give-and-take,” Harris says. “For a mom, working at your children’s school is the best possible place to be.”
In the ___50___ to achieve work-life balance, working mothers having been “quitting” jobs for more than a decade, choosing to stay at home with their children when ___51___ possible. But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their ___52___ lifestyle. The shift often means serious consideration of ___53___, including salary, advancement and fulfillment.
Doug Bartel, who left his job as a TV news producer more than a decade ago, says that what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules. They are starting their own law firms or becoming self-employed consultants to gain that ___54___.
Big salaries aren’t necessarily the golden handcuffs (手铐) they used to be. With the traditional 40-hour workweek becoming out of date, a survey of nearly 9,700 full-time workers by the global firm of Ernst & Young found that most parents are willing to make ___55___ and financial concessions (让步) for work-life balance.
41. A. balance B. business C. family D. entertainment
42. A. issue B. contract C. future D. contribution
43. A. employers B. employees C. children D. parents
44. A. give up B. seek out C. act on D. substitute for
45. A. change B. mistake C. difference D. effort
46. A. budget-friendly B. female-friendly C. family-friendly D. business-friendly
47. A. work B. living C. security D. education
48. A. identifying B. understanding C. describing D. weighing
49. A. idea B. feeling C. value D. schedule
50. A. struggle B. permission C. decision D. ability
51. A. physically B. medically C. financially D. logically
52. A. past B. desired C. interesting D. modern
53. A. jobs B. hobbies C. sacrifices D. partners
54. A. power B. support C. skill D. control
55. A. identity B. career C. mental D. considerate
【难度】★★★★
【答案】CBDBA CADDA CBCDB
三、词汇背诵
下节课十一选十高频词
perspective
explore
quality
powerfully
appreciate
purpose
n观点；视角；远景；透视图/画法
v考查，探索；探讨
n质量；品质
adv强有力地，强烈地
vt感激；欣赏；重视
n目的，意图
constructive
concept
demonstrate
motivate
recommendation
desire
a建设性的
n观念，概念
v证明；展示；示威
v激发..积极性，激励
n建议；推荐
n/v渴望；要求
admission
committee
honor
sensitivity
slight
consistently
n准许进入；入场券；入场费；录用
n委员会
v尊敬，给…以荣誉 n荣誉
n敏感
a少量的；轻微的
adv一贯地；一致地
passion
literary
critic
elegance
identity
synthesize
n热情，激情
a文学(上)的；书面的
n批评家；评论家
n高雅
n身份
v合成
inform
dedicated
defense
peer
pursuit
insightful
v通知
a投入的
n. 防御，保卫；辩护
n同龄人
n追求
a有洞察力的
第五讲
非谓语复习
一、非谓语动词的作用
句子成分
非谓语
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
ü
动名词
ü
ü
ü
ü
分 词
ü
ü
ü
ü
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
to do
to be done
动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式
to be doing
/
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
to have done
to have been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
doing
being done
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
having done
having been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
doing
being done
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
having done
having been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
三、非谓语动词的比较
1、不定式和动名词作主语的比较
1) 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动名词常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
2) 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj/n + (for/of sb) to do sth。而动名词常用于It + is+ no good, no use, a waste of time/money, fun, useless, nice, boring, foolish, worthwhile +doing句型。
It’s no use complaining.
2、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较
1) 只能接不定式的动词：agree (同意), aim (旨在), afford (承担得起), appear (似乎), attempt (试图), beg (恳求), begin, choose, demand (要求), decide, desire (渴望), determine (决定), expect, fail (未做), forget, guarantee (保证), hope, happen (碰巧), hesitate (犹豫), hurry, intend (打算), long (渴望), manage (设法做成), mean (打算), offer (愿意), plan, prefer, pretend (假装), promise, pray (祈祷), prove (证明), refuse (拒绝), resolve (决心), regret (遗憾), remember, remain (有待), strive/struggle (奋力), seem, tend (往往会), try (努力), unite (联合), volunteer (自愿), wish (想要).
2) 只能接动名词的动词：admit (承认), allow (允许), advise (建议), avoid (避免), appreciate (欣赏), ban (禁止), consider (考虑), delay (推迟), deny (否认), dislike, escape (逃避), enjoy, end up (以...结束), encourage, explain, excuse (原谅), feel like (想), finish, forbid (禁止), forgive (原谅), fancy/ imagine (想象), include/involve (包括), keep, mention (提及), mind (介意), miss (错过), pardon (原谅), practise, permit (允许), prohibit (禁止), postpone/put off (推迟), quit (停止), propose/ recommend (建议), recall (记起), report (报告), resist (抵抗), risk, save (避免), suggest, tolerate (忍受), understand, worth (值得).
3) 接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词：
remember to do记得去做 remember doing记得做过
forget to do忘记去做 forget doing忘记做过
regret to do遗憾去做 regret doing 后悔做过
try to do设法去做 try doing试着做
go on to do继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做同一件事
mean to do打算做 mean doing意味着做
stop to do停下来去做 stop doing停止做
can’t help (to) do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 忍不住做
4) 要接动名词的几个句型：
prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing... 阻止...做
how about/what about doing
spend/waste time (money) in doing sth. 在...上花费或浪费时间或钱
have some difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing做...有困难
have a hard/good time/fun in doing 做...很艰难或做...很愉快
5) 动词不定式在but, except后面时，前有do后无to
have no choice but to do sth. 没有别的选择，只好做...
do nothing but do除了做...什么都没做
can’t choose/help but do只好做 can’t but do只好做
6) allow/advise/encourage/forbid/permit/recommend+doing/sb to do
7) sth need/want/require+doing/to be done
be worth doing = be worthy+to be done/of being done
3、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
1) 不定式、动名词作表语，表示主语的内容。
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
2) 一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词形式作表语。
现在分词表示主语的性质特征，用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词：surprise: surprising, surprised。类似动词有：excite, astonish, shock, scare, disappoint, move等。
3) 在be, seem/appear, prove/turn out, remain等连系动词后，可用不定式作表语。
4、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较
1) 不定式作宾补有3种情况：
① 可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有: advise, allow, ask, assign (分派), beg (恳求), cause (使), call on (号召), challenge (质疑，强烈建议), command (命令), dare (激某人做某事), direct (指示), drive (驱使), employ (雇佣), enable, encourage, expect, force (迫使), forbid (禁止), get (让), invite, inspire (鼓舞), instruct (指示), lead, order, oblige (迫使), permit (允许), persuade (说服), prepare (准备), remind (提醒), require (需要), request (要求), recommend (建议), send (派遣), teach, tell, tempt (吸引，诱惑), urge (力劝), want, warn.
② 动词不定式在动词feel (一感)，hear, listen to (二听)，have, let, make (三让)，notice, see, watch, observe, witness (五看) (即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。
③ 在动词help后可以跟带to的不定式作宾补，也可以跟不带to的不定式作宾补。
2) 感官动词＋sb + do / doing / done/being done (分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发生且表示被动) 感官动词：see/ look at/ watch/ notice/ observe/ witness/ hear/ listen to/ smell/ feel
3) 表使役或致使的动词后接分词作宾补的具体情况：
动词
have
keep
get
leave
make
catch
send
现在分词
√
√
√
√
×
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
√
×
×
4) With的复合结构：With+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语/to do/doing/done。to do 表示将来，doing 表示主动和进行，done表示被动和完成。
5) It is said / reported / thought / known /believed that… 可转化为：
sb/sth be said / reported/known/believed to do/to be doing/to have done sth.
5、不定式、动名词、分词作定语的比较
1) 在the only、no、all、any、序数词（the first/second）、顺序词（the last, the next）或形容词最高级修饰的名词后接不定式作定语。动词和形容词后接不定式，其相应的名词后也用不定式作定语，如agreement, desire, failure, intention, anxiety, curiosity, eagerness。名词本身是抽象名词，不定式解释其中的内容：efforts, opportunity, plan, position, power, way等。
2) 不定式作定语时，句子主语就是不定式的逻辑主语时，用主动表被动。
3) 动名词作定语表用途，分词作定语可转化为定语从句。
4) 不定式和分词作定语的区别：
动作表将来，主动时用to do，被动时用to be done；
l 动作正在进行，主动或不及物动词时用doing，被动时用being done；
l 动作已完成，表被动时用done；不及物动词只表动作完成。
6、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1) 不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
① 目的：eg. She had to shout to make herself heard.
常见于：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)
② 原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed.
如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
③ 结果：常用 only to do...来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。另外，固定结构：too...to do, enough to do, so/such...as to do 中，不定式也作结果状语。
④ 在形容词后作状语，只用不定式 如：
The book is easy to read. (=It is easy to read the book.)
2) 现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：
* doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行
* having done：表示主动，且动作发生在主句之前
* done：表示被动且完成
* having been done：用来表示被动，且动作发生在主句之前
3) 独立主格结构
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
① 名词(代词)+现在分词：
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
② 名词(代词)+过去分词：
The test finished (= When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
③ 名词(代词)+不定式：
Many trees and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
例1. 选择题
1. He looked around and caught a man __________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.【2019川沙期中】
A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting
2. Did she appreciate __________ her mistakes?【2019曹二期中】
A. you to point out B. for you to point out
C. you pointing out D. you pointed out
3. If she accepts this position, she will have no choice but __________ an even greater challenge.【2019曹二期中】
A. to meet B. meets C. meeting D. meet
4. __________ standing outside the classroom alone because of being late, Bob didn’t know what to do.【2019奉贤期中】
A. To be left B. Having left C. Left D. Leaving
5. All flights __________ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.【2019奉贤期中】
A. had been cancelled B. having been cancelled
C. had cancelled D. having cancelled
6. __________ by the teacher to leave the classroom made him feel ashamed.【2019南模期中】
A. Asked B. Being asked C. Having asked D. To have asked
7. This is the only way that I can think of __________ the problem of water waste in urban areas.【2019南模期中】
A. setting B. to settle C. settle D. settled
8. The bell __________ the end of the period rang, __________ our heated discussion.【2020复兴高级期中】
A. indicating…interrupting B. indicated…interrupting
C. indicating…interrupted D. indicated…interrupted
9. __________ , the thief hid himself under the bed without daring to make a sound.【2020复兴高级期中】
A. Not caught B. Not having caught
C. Not to be caught D. Not being caught
10. Charles Babbage is generally considered __________ the first computer.【2020复兴高级期中】
A. to have invented B. inventing
C. to invent D. having invented
【难度】★★
【答案】DCACB BBACA
一、填空
1. It is considered no good __________ (recite) without understanding.
2. To avoid __________ (fire), you should be prepared to state how your contributions will benefit the company.
3. The hall was so noisy that the speaker couldn’t make himself __________ (hear).
4. Returning home, he found the back door open and something __________ (steal).
5. Though __________ (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
6. We will hold a meeting this afternoon because everyone finds these problems worth __________ (discuss).
7. He advised us __________ (see) the film, which was produced by the world-famous director.
8. There is no point __________ (argue) with those who stick to their own opinions.
9. About ten Chinese students were reported __________ (kill) in the earthquake in New Zealand.
10. We cannot help but __________ (wonder) what unknown greatness human beings have has not yet been discovered.
11. __________ (work) in the government for many years, he becomes famous among the citizens.
12. Once __________ (lose), such a chance will never come again.
13. It was his carelessness that led to him __________ (fail) in the exam.
14. A high-tech park is announced __________ (build) in this area, but when the project will be put into practice has not been scheduled.
15. After her success as a child actor, Taylor had no trouble __________ (move) into adult roles and won twice for Best Actress.
16. Mary left her coat __________ (lie) in the train.
17. __________ (not prepare) for the coming examinations before, I have no time for the film.
18. __________ (compare) with their life in the past, ours is much better.
19. The two prisoners of war came into the room, __________ (follow) by two soldiers gun in hand.
20. It has been proved that __________ (eat) vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life.
【难度】★★★
【答案】1. reciting 2. being fired 3. heard 4. stolen 5. lacking 6. discussing 7. to see 8. arguing 9. to have been killed 10. wonder 11. Having worked 12. lost 13. failing 14. to be built 15. moving 16. lying 17. Not having prepared 18. Compared 19. followed 20. eating
一、翻译
1. 广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的最有效途径之一。(enlarge)
2. 为了保证游客安全，游客在九点之后不得进入公园。(admit)
3. 无论多忙，我们都应该花点时间锻炼身体。(spend)
4. 在我们获得比赛胜利之前就讨论如何庆祝有意义吗？(point)
5. 当面对困难时，你越有信心，就越有可能摆脱困境。(likely)
6. 错过了头班地铁，我们别无选择，只能等着下列车的到来。(but)
【难度】★★★★
【答案】
1. Reading widely is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary.
2. To ensure the visitors’/tourists’ safety, visitors/tourists are not allowed to be admitted to the park/parks after nine.
3. No matter how busy we are, we should spend some time doing (physical) exercise.
4. Is there any point (in) discussing how to celebrate before we win the game?
5. When faced with troubles, the more confident you are, the more likely you are to get rid of it.
6. Having missed the earliest subway, we had no choice but to wait for the next train to come.
二、十一选十
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contrast B. unknown C. trapped D. responsibility E. willingness F. external
G. sense H. cease I. encounter J. indecisive K. passive
There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as a(n) ___31___ result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By ___32___, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as we ___33___ new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends. There are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept.
In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a ___34___ to take risks. And we are supposed to be ready to face the ___35___, and to accept the possibility that we may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re ___36___ and shy? Then our ___37___ of shyness can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? If so, then we are likely to take a more ___38___ role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. We will ___39___ to grow, if we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, and if we protect ourselves too much. We become ___40___ inside a shell of our own making.
【难度】★★★★
【答案】FAIEB JGKHC
一、填空
1. __________ (not take) a plane before, the old woman felt very sick.
2. It was a beautiful morning, and I saw a __________ (sing) bird in the tree.
3. When little Tom hurried to the classroom, he found many foreigners __________ (seat) at the back of the room.
4. Mary’s father was very happy because of her __________ (give) a prize.
5. Wet umbrellas are not allowed __________ (take) into this hotel.
6. The big tower __________ (build) in the Tang dynasty is __________ (repair) next spring.
7. The problem __________ (relate) to popularize education in mountain areas is well worth __________ (discuss).
8. I’d rather lose the game than __________ (hurt) my opponents.
9. Mr. Brown was made__________ (give) up his teaching because of his poor health.
10. I am exhausted. You can’t imagine what difficulty I have __________ (climb) the steep hill.
11. Professor Smith has his students __________ (write) compositions every Friday.
12. Can you imagine yourself __________ (stay) on a lonely island for three years?
13. Steven has devoted all his life to __________ (make) films, and Kate, his wife, is also __________ (devote) to the duty of her profession.
14. The film you saw last night was made __________ (base) on a true story that happened many years ago.
15. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _________ (inform) of what is happening in the world.
16. __________ (compare) with yours, our library is of too small a size.
17. The discovery of new evidence led to the thief __________ (catch).
18. __________ (allow) to travel abroad during the coming summer holidays makes Sara feel on top of the world.
19. The long-lasting war, __________ (fill) with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, __________ (reach) no result.
20. We were told that the stone figure __________ (date) back to the 16th century was of great value.
【难度】★★★
【答案】1. Not having taken 2. singing 3. seated 4. being given 5. to be taken 6. built, to be repaired 7. related, discussing 8. hurt 9. to give 10. climbing 11. write 12. staying 13. making, devoted 14. based 15. informed 16. Compared 17. being caught 18. Being allowed 19. filled, reaching 20. dating
二、完型填空
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.【2020南汇期中】
More Parents Shifting Careers to Achieve Work-life Balance
As a television news host, Cynthia Demos’ schedule made her home life a challenge. Working nights and weekends meant she rarely put her 3-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter to bed, or spent Saturdays at the park. So, three years ago, Demos began testing the waters to see if operating her own business making marketing videos would create an option for more ___41___ time.
Last month, Demos took a leap. Instead of renegotiating her ___42___, she left her job to take her venture to the next level — building her own video production/media training company. It’s a career shift on a path to work-life balance that more ___43___ are making.
New research shows the top reason why people leave their jobs is to ___44___ opportunities with a better work-life balance. Those who make the ___45___ say there almost always is a main cause, either work- or home-related. It could be a life-changing event like the birth of a child, or it could be a new demanding boss, change in job responsibilities, or too many missed milestone events. It might even be a more ___46___ job offer.
For Denie Harris, the main cause was the attraction of a better ___47___ situation for a mom with young daughters. Harris had been marketing director for two companies in South Florida when an opportunity came her way to hold a similar position at her daughters’ school. It was a decision that required ___48___ all factors. The upside included seeing her children during the workday and sharing the same ___49___ with them. The downside was leaving the corporate world and earning less. “Everything in life is a give-and-take,” Harris says. “For a mom, working at your children’s school is the best possible place to be.”
In the ___50___ to achieve work-life balance, working mothers having been “quitting” jobs for more than a decade, choosing to stay at home with their children when ___51___ possible. But today, both men and women are making job changes, choosing work options that better fit their ___52___ lifestyle. The shift often means serious consideration of ___53___, including salary, advancement and fulfillment.
Doug Bartel, who left his job as a TV news producer more than a decade ago, says that what working fathers often look for is predictability and control over their schedules. They are starting their own law firms or becoming self-employed consultants to gain that ___54___.
Big salaries aren’t necessarily the golden handcuffs (手铐) they used to be. With the traditional 40-hour workweek becoming out of date, a survey of nearly 9,700 full-time workers by the global firm of Ernst & Young found that most parents are willing to make ___55___ and financial concessions (让步) for work-life balance.
41. A. balance B. business C. family D. entertainment
42. A. issue B. contract C. future D. contribution
43. A. employers B. employees C. children D. parents
44. A. give up B. seek out C. act on D. substitute for
45. A. change B. mistake C. difference D. effort
46. A. budget-friendly B. female-friendly C. family-friendly D. business-friendly
47. A. work B. living C. security D. education
48. A. identifying B. understanding C. describing D. weighing
49. A. idea B. feeling C. value D. schedule
50. A. struggle B. permission C. decision D. ability
51. A. physically B. medically C. financially D. logically
52. A. past B. desired C. interesting D. modern
53. A. jobs B. hobbies C. sacrifices D. partners
54. A. power B. support C. skill D. control
55. A. identity B. career C. mental D. considerate
【难度】★★★★
【答案】CBDBA CADDA CBCDB
三、词汇背诵
下节课十一选十高频词
perspective
explore
quality
powerfully
appreciate
purpose
n观点；视角；远景；透视图/画法
v考查，探索；探讨
n质量；品质
adv强有力地，强烈地
vt感激；欣赏；重视
n目的，意图
constructive
concept
demonstrate
motivate
recommendation
desire
a建设性的
n观念，概念
v证明；展示；示威
v激发..积极性，激励
n建议；推荐
n/v渴望；要求
admission
committee
honor
sensitivity
slight
consistently
n准许进入；入场券；入场费；录用
n委员会
v尊敬，给…以荣誉 n荣誉
n敏感
a少量的；轻微的
adv一贯地；一致地
passion
literary
critic
elegance
identity
synthesize
n热情，激情
a文学(上)的；书面的
n批评家；评论家
n高雅
n身份
v合成
inform
dedicated
defense
peer
pursuit
insightful
v通知
a投入的
n. 防御，保卫；辩护
n同龄人
n追求
a有洞察力的
