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人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit教案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Welcome unit教案，共18页。教案主要包含了词汇，阅读，写作等内容，欢迎下载使用。
人教版新教材（2019年版）必修第一册
Welcome Unit
一、词汇
1、识记
exchange, lecture, register, registration, sex, male, female, nationality, nation, design, designer, campus, formal, anxious, annoyed, annoy, frightened, senior, outgoing, impression, impress, experiment, awkward, junior, explore, confident, confidence, forward, flash, organize, organization, goal, strategy, partner, improve, curious, company, personality, style, revise
2、词形变化
register v. à n. registration
nation n. àn. nationality adj. national adv. nationally
design v. & n. à n. designer
anxious adj. à n. anxiety adv. anxiously
annoy v. à adj. annoying annoyed n. annoyance
frighten vt. à adj. frightened frightening
impress v. à n. impression adj. impressive
adv. impressively
concentrate v. à n. concentration
explore v. à n. exploration explorer
confident adj. à n. confidence adv. confidently
organize v. à n. organizer organization
improve v. à n. improvement
company v. & n. à n. companion v. accompany
personality n. à n. person adj. personal adv. personally
revise v. à n. reviser revision
3、应用(*为教材中出现，而非单词表中)
1. impress v. 使钦佩，留下印象
impress sb. with sb./sth.
使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象
His sincerity impressed her.
He impressed her with his sincerity.
他的真诚打动了她。
She was impressed with the painting.
她对那幅油画产生了兴趣。
impress sth. on/upon sb. （注意：不用in sb.）使铭记，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到（重要性或严重性等）
Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
她的话语我铭记在心。
He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
他让我们认识到必须立刻采取行动。
impress sb./sth. that …
It impressed me that she remembered my name.
让我佩服的是她记得我的名字。
拓展1：impression n.
①impression of sb./sth. | impression that … 印象，感想
My first impression of him was favorable.
他给我的第一印象不错。
I didn’t get the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我并不觉得他们不满于当时的状况。
My impression is that there are still a lot of problems.
依我看问题还是蛮多的。
②impression on sb. 影响，效果
His trip to India made a strong impression on him.
他的印度之行对他的触动很大。
My words made no impression on her.
我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。
③印象画
This is an artist’s an impression of the new stadium.
这是一位艺术家对未来新运动场所所做的印象画。
④impression of sb. （对某人举止言谈的）滑稽模仿
He said his impression of Tom Hanks.
他滑稽地模仿了汤姆·汉克斯。
⑤（虚假的）外观，假象
Clever lighting creates an impression of space in a room.巧妙的照明会让人有屋子空间增大的感觉。
⑥压痕
⑦印数，印次
IDM: be under the impression that …
以为……，（通常指）误认为……
I was under the impression that the work had already been completed.我还以为已经完工了呢。
拓展2：impressive adj. （事物或人）令人赞叹的，令人敬佩的
She was very impressive in the interview.
她在面试中表现得十分出色。
拓展3：impressively adv.
拓展4：impressionable adj. (人，尤指年轻人)易受影响的
Children at an impressionable age
处于易受外界影响年龄段的儿童
拓展5：impressionism Un。 印象主义，印象派（19世纪下半叶时兴起于法国的绘画风格，主要表现光与色的效果，不着眼于准确的细节）
拓展6：impressionist n. 印象派的 n. 印象派画家，模仿演员（常模仿名人言行）
拓展7：impressionistic adj. (written) 给人以大致印象的，不精确的
2.concentrate
①v. concentrate sth. on (doing) sth. 集中（注意力），聚精会神
I can’t concentrate with all that noise going on.
吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法集中精神。
Nothing concentrates the mind better than the knowledge that you could die tomorrow.
没有什么比知道自己明天就可能会死去更能让人定下心来去思考种种问题的。
I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live. 我决定全力以赴找个住的地方。
②v. concentrate sb./sth. +adv./prep使……集中（集合，聚集）
Power is largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite.
全力主要集中在少数精英人物的手中。
Fighting was concentrated around the towns to the north.
战斗集中在北方诸城镇的周围进行。
③v. （使）浓缩
短语：concentrate on sth. 集中时间做某事
In this lecture I shall concentrate on the early years of Charles’s reign.
这节课我将着重讲查理王朝的早期统治时期。
④n. 浓缩物
拓展1：concentrated
①adj. 决心要做的，全力以赴的
He made a concentrated effort to finish the work on time.他全力以赴以按时完成这项工作。
②（物质）浓缩的
③密集的，集中的
concentrated gunfire 密集的炮火
拓展2：concentration
①Un.专心，专注
This book requires a great deal of concentration.
这本书需要全神贯注才能读懂。
②Un. concentration on sth. 关注，重视
a need for greater concentration on environmental issues更加关注环境问题的必要性
③concentration of sth. 集中，聚集
a concentration of industry in the north of the country这个国家的工业在北部的集中
④浓度，含量
Glucose concentrations in the blood
血液中的葡萄糖含量
拓展3：concentration camp 纳粹集中营
拓展4：同义词
pay attention to (doing) sth.
focus … on…
fix (one’s attention) on …
devote oneself to (doing) sth.
sb. be buried in sth.
be absorbed in …
3. *happen
313:三个短语，一个规定，三个单词的区别
l 三个短语：
sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
He happened to meet an old friend yesterday.
他昨天碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。
sth. happen to sb.某事碰巧发生在某人身上
An accident happened to him.
昨天他遇到了一件事故。
It happens that … 碰巧发生了某事
It happened that he met an old friend yesterday.
他昨天碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。
l 一个规定
英语中所有表示“爆发、发生、进行”的动词，都不能用于被动。这些动词有：happen, take place, occur, break out, go on,这些动词都是不及物动词。
即时练习
Yesterday, a fire ______ because of old electricity lines.
A. happens B. happened C. was happened D. had happened
l 三个单词的区别
happen:常用词，表示“偶然发生”。
What happened when you told him the news?
你告诉他这消息时，他的反应如何？
take place: 正式用语，通常用于表示已计划、安排或人们积极参与的事情。
The festival takes place in July every year.
庆祝活动在每年七月举行。
The sports meeting will take place in November.
运动会将在11月举行。
=We will hold/host the sports meeting in November.
Occur: 表示偶然发生时，为正式用于。
Police report that the accident occurred at about 9:30 p.m.
警察报告说事故发生在晚上9:30左右。
猜一猜，这个短语是什么意思：
It occurs to me that …
It occurs to me that I need someone to help me.
我突然想到/意识到我需要别人的帮助。
拓展1：IDM
①anything can/might happen
什么事都可能发生，结果难以预料
②as it happens/ happened 令人惊奇的是，恰恰
I agree with you, as it happens.
我恰恰和你意见一致。
As it happens, I have a spare set of keys in my office.
碰巧我在办公室有一套备用钥匙。
③It just so happens that …碰巧，恰好
It just so happened they’d been invited too.
他们碰巧也获得邀请。
④these things happen
这类事在所难免，别为做过的事担忧
Sorry, I’ve spilt some wine.
Never mind. These things happen.
对不起，我弄洒了些酒。
没关系，这种事在所难免。
拓展2：PHR
happen on sth. 偶然发现某物
happen to sb./sth. 遭到，遇到
I hope nothing has happened to them.
我希望他们没出事。
What’s happened to your car?
你的车出什么毛病了？
拓展3：happening
n. 事件，发生的事情（常指不寻常的）
There have been strange happenings here lately.
这儿最近发生了一些怪事。
adj. 热闹的，时髦的
4. *It be adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.
①句型构成
这是一个由it代替-to do不定式充当句子主语的句型，it为形式主语，原句型为 To do sth is adj. for/ of sb.
②什么时候用for，什么时候用of:
当形容词是用来修饰后面的sb.时，使用of。
It is kind of you to help us.
当形容词是用来修饰后面的to do时，使用for。
It is difficult for us to finish it within 2 hours.
③如何运用
凡是表达“做……（对于……来讲）是……的”的时候，就用这个句式。
每天早睡早起有益身体健康。
It is good for our body to get up and go to sleep early every day.
学习一门外语是很有必要的。
It is necessary to learn a foreign language.
④考查点
考查点主要落在“在实际语境中，识别本句型，并正确使用to do不定式”。
It’s important for the figures ______ regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated
C. to update D. to have updated
It's standard practice for a company like this one ______ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs
⑤拓展——形式宾语
make/find/think/believe…it adj. (for/ of sb.) to do sth.
1. We find it difficult to finish the work within 2 days.
Susan made ______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
2. We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
3. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
5. leave … alone
l leave sb./sth. alone 不碰，不打扰，不移动
I have told you before: leave me/ my things alone.
我告诉过你，不要烦我/不要碰我的东西。
l leave alone 更不用说
There isn’t enough room for us, let alone any guests.
连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。
6. 情绪动词frightened, annoyed
①那些动词是情绪动词？
②情绪动词是感官动词吗？
③情绪动词的-ing, -ed分词变化而来的形容词如何使用？
“-ed分词修饰人，-ing分词修饰物”的说法对吗？
下面的短语中那个是正确的呢？
a frightened man a frightening man
shocking look shocked look
④还有那些情绪动词？
shock (shocked, shocking)
frighten (frightened, frightening)
worry (worried, worrying)
concern (concerned, concerning)
surprise (surprised, surprising)
interest (interested, interesting)
excite (excited, exciting)
bore (bored, boring)
confuse (confused, confusing)
tire (tired, tiring)
astonish (astonished, astonishing)
puzzle （puzzled, puzzling）
terrify (terrified, terrifying)
refresh (refreshed, refreshing)
convince (convinced, convincing)
impress (impressed, impressing)
depress (depressed, depressing)
amuse (amused, amusing)
annoy (annoyed, annoying)
disturb (disturbed, disturbing)
disappoint (disappointed, disappointing)
satisfy (satisfied, satisfying/ satisfactory)
please (pleased, pleasing/ pleasant)
encourage (encouraged, encouraging)
discourage (discouraged, discouraging)
move (moved, moving)
touch (touched, touching)
1. Though ______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
2. Little Tom sat ______ watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze
7. *depend on/upon 依赖于，取决于
=rely on
He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是那种你可以信赖的人。
We might need more food depending on how many people turn up.我们可能还需要些食物，不过这要看到场的人数。
拓展
a dependable person 可信赖的人
dependant (=dependent) n. 受抚养者（尤指孩子），靠他人生活者
dependence n.（生存或成功必需的）依靠，以依赖，依存；瘾（=dependency）
dependency n. （尤指不正常或不必要的）依靠，依赖；附属国，附属地
dependable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的，有瘾的
independent adj. 独立的，不依赖的
independence n. 独立
8. look forward to (doing) sth.
I am looking forward to receiving your letter.
常用在信件的最后一段：
(I’m) looking forward to your reply.
拓展：动词后接介词to
listen to
pay attention to
make contribution to
contribute to
attribute to
lead to
adapt to
adjust to
see to负责，注意
object to
stick to
get down to
devote to
be addicted to
be accustomed to
be used to doing sth. (区分be used to do sth.)
admit (to) à be admitted to
sentence sb. to …
attend to
get close to
look up to
belong to
take to 开始从事，养成习惯，沉湎于
refer to
prefer … to… (区分：prefer to do sth.)
set an example to
put an end to
set fire to
be equal to
be similar to
be known to
be connected/related/ linked to
9. what if
What (will happen/will we do) if it rains heavily tomorrow?
10. be curious about 对……感到好奇
be anxious about
be interested in sth./sb.
be surprised/shocked/disappointed… at sb./sth.
be satisfied with sb./sth.
be worried/concerned about sb./sth.
be surprised/shocked/disappointed to do sth.
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity =curiously 好奇地
拓展：
curiously adv. 好奇地
curiosity n. 好奇心
即时练习：
1. The little boy observed the cat __________ (curious) and wanted to know how it could get through such a small hole in the wall.
2. The people in the hall seemed very nose (爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with __________ (curious).
3. She was curious __________ (know) what was going on in the neighborhood.
4. I am curious __________ how coffee companies such as Starbucks will handle the “coffee cancer warning” problem.
11. *begin with *end up with
拓展：v.+up with
catch up with 追上，赶上
keep up with 保持起头并进
come up with 想出解决问题的办法= think of
put up with 忍耐，忍受
I tried my best to catch up with my friends and kept up with him.
Can you come up with any idea to deal with the problem?
It is so boring. I can’t put up with it.
12. *come true
辨析：come true, realize
come true （梦想）成真
realize 实现（梦想）
Our dream will come true one day.
We will realize our dream one day.
13. *share sth. with sb.
14. *plan
v. plan to do sth.
n. the plan for sth. （注意：不用of）
理解下面这个句子吗？
I had planned to visit you yesterday.
特殊规定：所有表示“计划、安排、打算”的动词的过去完成时态表示“过去没有完成的愿望或打算”。
这些动词有：hope, wish, plan, mean。
15. *use sth to do sth.
区分三个短语：
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）
16. *be busy with sth./(in) doing sth.
He is busy with his work these days.
He is busy (in) doing his work.
17. *do well in
do badly in
be good/bad at
18. *be similar to
be familiar with
be familiar to
be popular with （注意：不用be popular to）
We are familiar with him.
He is familiar to us.
He is popular with us.
二、阅读
Reading and Thinking
First Impressions P.4
Before reading——Words and expressions
a little nervous
make friends
what a day
feel awkward
not… any more
senior high school
While reading
I课文结构
1. anxious 2 impression 3. maths 4. kind 5 friendly 6. helpful 7. science lab 8 a guy 9 to explore 10 more confident
II True of False.
1. Han jing is an outgoing person.
2. Han Jing finds her maths teacher kind and friendly.
3. Han Jing has the chemistry class in the science lab.
4. Han Jing tried to talk to the guy next to her.
5. Han Jing will be more confident after the first day in senior high school.
FTTFT
III 表格填空
Time
Feeling
Things
7:00 am
A little anxious
I want to (1) __________ and (2) __________.
12:30 p.m.
The maths class was (3) __________, but the teacher was kind and (4) __________.
I had maths class and the teacher told (5) __________, making us (6) __________.
5:32 pm
The lab is new and the lesson was (7) __________.
I had (8) __________class but a guy always tried to talk to me.
10:29 pm
More (9) __________.
I didn’t feel (10) __________or (11) __________, because I will make (12) __________ and there’s a lot to explore.
1 make a good impression 2 make friends 3 difficult 4 friendly 5 a funny story 6 laugh 7 great 8 chemistry 9 confident 10 awkward 11 frightened 12 new friends
IV 根据课文内容选择正确答案
1. The text wants to tell us ______.
A. Han Jing’s attitude to school
B. Han Jing’s first day in senior high school and her feelings
C. the relation between the teacher and the students
D. the lessons Han Jing will attend
2. How was the maths teachers like?
A. Kind and friendly B. Strict and cold C. Learned and handsome D. Outgoing and kind
3. Where did Han Jing have chemistry class?
A. In the classroom. B. In the library. C. In the science lab. D. In the dining hall.
4. Why did Han Jing not concentrate on the experiment?
A. Because the lesson was boring.
B. Because she didn’t like the teacher.
C. Because the teacher was not humorous.
D. Because she was disturbed by one of her classmates.
5. After the first day in senior high school, Han Jing felt ______.
A. more anxious B. more confident C. more frightened D. more awkward
BACDB
V 阅读文章，回答问题（课本P. 5）
1. Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school?
She is not outgoing.
2. How was her first maths class?
It was difficult.
3. What happened in the chemistry class? What would you do if this happened to you?
The guy next to Han Jing tried to talk to her the whole class. Just ignore.
4. What did Han Jing learn from her first day at senior high school?
She learnt that she would make new friends there and there was a lot to explore at senior high school
VI 选择正确选项填入空白处，不全所给句子提供的信息（其中一项是多余的）
A. to make a good first impression B. kind and friendly
C. to please be quiet and leave me alone D. I will make new friends
E. than I felt this morning F. tomorrow will be a great day
1. At night, I felt much more confident ______.
2. I missed my friends from junior school, but I believe ______.
3. I really wanted to tell him ______.
4. The class was difficult, but the teacher was ______.
5. Though I was not outgoing, I wanted ______.
EDCBA
After Reading
I 课文语法填空
（一）
Han Jing went to school at 7:00 am. Because she was not outgoing, she felt a little (1) __________ (anxiety). She wanted to make more (2) __________(friend) but was worried no one would talk to her.
The first class was maths, (3) __________ was difficult. The teacher was kind and friendly. He made his students laugh (4) __________ telling a (5) __________ (fun) story in class. In the afternoon, Han Jing had her chemistry class in the science lab but (6) __________ (disturb) by a guy who walked to her the whole class. She couldn’t concentrate on the experiment so she really wanted this classmate (7) __________ (be) quiet and leave her (8) __________. After the first day, Han Jing didn’t feel (9) __________ (frighten) but felt more (10) __________ (confidence) than she felt in the morning. She believed tomorrow would be great.
1 anxious 2 friendly 3 which 4 by 5 funny 6 was disturbed 7 was 8 alone 9 frightened 10 confident
（二）
When Han Jing was a senior student (1) __________ last, she was a little anxious. Since she wanted to make a good first (2) __________ (impress), she was rather worried about (3) __________ she could make any friends.
Having had (4) __________ (she) first maths class in senior high school, she realized though the class was difficult most of her (5) __________ (classmate) and teachers were friendly and (6) __________ (help). And in the afternoon, her chemistry class in (7) __________ science lab was great, even though there was a guy who always made her not concentrate on the experiment.
All day long, Han Jing didn’t feel awkward and (8) __________ (frighten) at all. She missed her friends from junior high school, but she believed she would make new friends soon. With a lot (9) __________ (explore) at senior high school, she felt more confident and (10) __________ (believe) that tomorrow would be a great day.
1 at 2 impression 3 whether （思考：可不可以使用if？） 4 her 5 classmates 6 helpful 7 the 8 frightened 9 to explore 10 believed
II 单词练习(课本P.5)
用所给词的正确形式填空
explore impression feel confident senior experiment concentrate on
Tian Hua is a new student at a school in America. She is studying at an American high school for one year. In China, Tian Hua was in Grade 1 at __________ high school, but in America, she is in Grade 10! She did not __________ at all when she arrived. Her first __________ was that English was difficult and people spoke too quickly, but soon she found that if she __________ the ideas, not the single words, she could understand! She also made friends and began to __________ the city with them. Her new friends were happy to explain things to her after class. Her favorite class is chemistry because the teacher lets the students do cool __________. Tian Hua is not sure how well she will do at school this year, but she is not nervous any more. She is excited!
senior feel confident impression concentrates on explore experiments
三、 语法
（二）英语基本句式结构（详见校本教材《初高衔接》）
1、认识词类与词类区分
词类
说 明
举 例
名词
用来指代世间万事万物名称的词。
book, boy, thing
代词
用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、-to do、-ing、从句或句子的结构。
this, that, anything, some, he, they
冠词
用来说明名词所表示的人或事物。
冠词是虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能脱离名词而单独存在，不能单独作句子成分。（英语中只有三个冠词。）
a, an, the
动词
用来表示动作或状态的词，表示 “是什么”或“做什么”。
finish, do, eat, live
形容词
用来描述事物大小、形状、颜色等等具体特征，或陈述事物状态的词。（常译作“……的”。）
beautiful, old, bad
副词
用来修饰形容词、副词和动词，说明形容词、副词的程度、频度，动词的方式、程度等，有时也对整个句子进行整体描述。（常译作“……地”。）
badly, beautifully, often
介词
用来表示名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句）与句中其他词之间的关系的词。介词是虚词，不重读，不能单独作句子成分，需要和它后面的词共同充当句子成分。
in, up, toward
数量词
表示数目多少或顺序的词。分为基数词和序数词。
one, hundred, first
限定词
对其他词类或结构起修饰、限定作用的词。含：形容词、冠词、数量词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词等等。
a, an, the, this, that, these, my, your, cold, some, any
连词
用来连接单词、短语或句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独作任何成分，一般不重读。
and, but, what, although, however
语气词
用来表达语气的词。
oh, well。
助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。
最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would。
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义。)
助动词协助主要动词完成以下动能。
a. 表示时态
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句
Do you like college life?
你喜欢大学生活吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
2、认识句子成分
成分
说明
举例
①主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或句子等充当。
He likes watching TV.
他喜欢看电视。
English is important.英语很重要。
Two added to two is four.
二加二等于四。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
What he said is right.他说的是对的。
②谓语
用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。以动词的某种时态形式呈现。
1)简单谓语：由动词（或短语动词）构成。可以有不同的时态、语态和语气。
We study for the people.
我们为人民学习。
2)复合谓语：情态动词＋动词原形
I can speak a little English.
我可以说一点英语。
③宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或介词之后，能作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或句子等。
We like English.我们喜欢英语。
I like it.我喜欢它。
I know that you are right.
我知道你是对的。
He got two.他得到了两个。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.
他给了我一点墨水。
④表语
用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。一般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语、动名词或从句等充当。
My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
English is important.英语很重要。
The window is broken.窗子碎了。
It is possible that he did it.
很可能是他干的。
⑤定语
用来描绘、修饰、限定名词或代词的修饰语。用作定语的主要是形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语或动词的分词等。形容词、代词、数词、名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student.他是个新生。
This is a beautiful flower.
这是一朵漂亮花。
The book that you gave me yesterday is interesting.
你昨天给我的说真有趣。
但副词、动词不定式、介词短语、从句等作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后。
The bike in the room is mine.
房间里的自行车是我的。
⑥状语
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分。用来表示时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、程度、目的、条件、比较和让步等。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰词前或句首。
He lives in London.他住在伦敦。
Sadly, he left the room.
他伤心地离开了房间。
He runs very fast.
他跑地非常快。
⑦补足语
用来说明主语或宾语所处的状态或正在进行的动作。
Tom was seen playing on the playground.
这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明，是主语补足语。
⑧独立成分
与句子没有关系或关系不密切，是独立于句子之外的成分。感叹词、呼语和插入语是常见的三种独立成分。
Books, you see, are a good thing.
Tom, come here!
⑨同位语
一般由名词来充当，与前面的名词指代同一对象，构成 “A, B”的结构，可以变形为“A is B.”的形式。
Tom, my best friend, is an honest man.
3、词类与句子成分
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
名词
√
√
√
√
√
√
代词
√
√
√
√
√
√
冠词
√
形容词
The +adj. √
The +adj. √
√
√
√
√
副词
√
√
√
√
动词
时态形式
√
-ing
√
√
√
√
√
√
-to do
√
√
√
√
√
√
-ed
√
√
√
√
介词短语
√
√
√
√
数量词
√
√
√
√
√
√
连词
并列连词
从属连词
从属
代词
√
√
√
√
（√）
从属
副词
√
√
（√）
语气词
4、划分句子成分
①英语五大句式结构
序号
基本句子结构
解释
例句
1
S+V
主语+谓语
He lied.
2
S+V+ C
主语+谓语+表语（通常说成：主系表结构）
He is a student.
3
S+V+O
主语+谓语+宾语
He told a lie.
4
S+V+O1+O2
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
He gave us a book.
5
S+V+O+C
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
We saw him singing.
②划分方法
划分句子时，基本采取“扒皮抽筋”的方法，即：先找到句子中的主语、谓语，再逐一找到其他的各个成分。
The book, bought in that bookstore yesterday, is very interesting.
先找主语、谓语：The book, is；其后的是表语：very interesting；最后，bought in that bookstore在句中只能充当主语the book的后置定语了，而yesterday则是时间状语。
③练习
I 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The studentsgot on the schoolbus.
2. He handed methe newspaper.
3. I shall answeryour question after class.
4. What a beautifulChinese painting!
5. They went huntingtogether early in the morning.
6. Hisjob is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.
8. There is going to bean American film tonight.
9. He isto leave for Shanghaitomorrow.
10.His wishis to become a scientist.
11. He managedto finish the workin time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found itimportant to master English.
14. Do you have anythingelseto say?
15. To be honest， your pronunciation is not sogood.
16. Would you please tellme your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. Itis our dutyto keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
II翻译下列句子
² 主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1. 你应当努力学习。
2. 她昨天回家很晚。
3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。
4. 会议将持续两个小时。
5.在 过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
² 主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语 ）
1. 昨晚我写了一封信。
2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3. 这本书他读过多次了。
4. 他们成功地完成了计划。
5. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
² 主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）
1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。
2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3. 孩子们，请保持安静。
4. 树叶已经变黄了。
5. 这个报告听起来很有意思。
² 双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
5. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
² 复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
1. 我们叫她Alice.
2. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。
4. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
5. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
² There be 句型
1. 今晚没有会。
2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。
3 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师
4. 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
5.恰好那时房里没人。
④复杂句子的产生
1、五种基本句型都是陈述句，可以将其改为否定句和疑问句。
He gets up at seven every day.
à He doesn’t get up at seven every day
Does he get up at seven every day?
2、扩大基本句型，主要手段有二：
一是分句并列，如：
Most of us were in the hall, the doors had been closed, and latecomers had to wait outside.
二是增加修饰语和使用附属分句，如:
He gave a book.
He gave me a book.
He gave me a new book.
He gave me a new book that he had bought.
He gave me a new book that he had bought in the bookstore.
He gave a new book that he had bought in the bookstore which is not far away from Xin Xing Middle school.
He gave a new book that he had bought in the bookstore which is not far away from Xin Xing Middle school where works his best friend.
He gave a new book that he had bought in the bookstore which is not far away from Xin Xing Middle school where works his best friend with whom he once worked in a factory.
当然，可以把上述两种方法结合在一起使用。那么，上面的句子就可以变为：
He who visited me yesterday gave me a very wonderful new English book that he had bought when he was on holiday with his family last year in England, which I like very much.
其中，He gave me a book.就是基本的句子结构框架。
近几年高考中出现的长句，其实都是如此得来的。我们只要明白其中的道理，遇到长句时，静下心来，将句子削皮去肉，抽筋剔骨，就可以了。
请尝试分析下面的句子：
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously, but, as the evidence to accumulate, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinary similar.
练习：划分句子成分。
1. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it C. which D. this 【A】
2. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live 【D】
3. 【完形填空】Not having a car or 40 the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B, 41 I’d left myself plenty of time, soon it was 42 I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the 43 direction.
40. A. living B. visiting C. knowing D. appreciating 【C】
41. A. Although B. Since C. Unless D. Once 【A】
42. A. strange B. necessary C. obvious D. important 【C】
43. A. same B. right C. general D. opposite 【D】
4．【完形填空】I 44 the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do, I look into the eyes of a 45 who was trying to get past me, 46 instead of moving on, she stopped to ask if I was 47 .
44. A. looked at B. waited for C. got off D. ran into 【C】
45. A. driver B. friend C. stranger D. gentleman 【C】
46. A. Especially B. Surprisingly C. Probably D. Normally 【B】
47. A. nervous B. excited C. OK D. dangerous 【C】
5.【任务型阅读】If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language.
四、写作：学生档案
Student Card
Name
Age
Pic
Grade
Scholl
Hobbies
Favourite subjects
Learning style
Future plans and dreams
Student Profile
My name is … and I am a … student at …
Pic
个人简介的写法
I. 黄金写作模板
My name is __________ and I’m a Grade __________ student at __________(学校名称). I look __________ (外貌特征). I am a __________ (性格特征) boy/girl. My favorite subject is __________. I __________(学习方法). __________… are my hobbies. My dream is to __________.
II. 写作架构及语言特点
个人简介是新课标中书面表达常见的形式之一，其主要内容是简单介绍人物的姓名、年龄、品质、最喜欢的学科、学习方法、爱好以及对未来的打算等。个人简介语言简介，突出重点，条例清晰。
III. 写作常用词汇
对……好奇 be curious about
对……感兴趣 be interested in
最喜欢的 favorite
爱好hobby
来自于come from
喜欢做…… like to do
计划做…… plan to do
IV. 写作常用句型
1. My name is/I’m Li Hua.
2. I’m a high school student.
3. I come from/ I’m from Shanghai.
4. I’m curious about everything.
5. My favorite subject is English.
6. Group work is my favorite way to learn.
7. In the study group, we talk about what we’re learning and help each other.
8. I like to read in my spare time.
9. I plan to become a doctor in the future.
10. My dream is to become successful.
典例剖析
According to the student profile, write a passage to introduce yourself.
Name
Tian Hua
Grade/school
Grade 10; Lakeside High School
Nationality
China
Appearance
Slim
Personality
Outgoi8ng; curious about everything
Favorite subject
Physics
Learning methods
Asking questions; group work; mind maps
Hobbies
Dancing and skiing
Future plans and dreams
engineer
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
1、定框架—— 好的开始，成功的一半
体裁
个人简介
人称
第一人称
时态
一般现在时
框架
第一步：介绍个人的基本信息
第二步：介绍个人的爱好，喜欢的学科，学习方法
第三步：自己对未来的打算
2、定要点、关键词及动词时态——打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的极优作文
要点一：我的名字是田华。
My name is Tian Hua.
要点二：我来自中国。
I come from China.
要点三：我是Lakeside High School的10年级学生。
I’m a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School.
要点四：我每天早上打太极拳(perform Taiji)，所以我很苗条。
Because I perform Taiji every mornig to keep fit, I’m slim.
要点五：我很外向，因此我乐意和别人交流。
I am an outgoing girl so that I like to communicate with others.
要点六：我对一切很好奇，尤其是探索天空。
I am curious about everything, especially exploring space.
要点七：我最喜欢的学科是物理。
My favorite subject is physics.
要点八：我经常问问题。
I often ask questions.
要点九：小组活动是我最喜欢的学习方法。
Group work is my favorite way to learn.
要点十：我做思维导图来组织我的思维。
I make mind maps to organize my thoughts.
要点十一：跳舞和滑冰是我的业余爱好。我喜欢上它们已经有10年了。
Dancing and skating are my hobbies. It has been ten years since I fell in love with them.
3、词汇、句式升级——创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用名词作同位语合并要点一和要点三。
My name is is Tian Hua, a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School.
升级句式二：用as a result改写要点四。
I perform Taiji every morning to keep fit; as result, I am fit.
升级句式三：用介词as改写要点五。
As an outgoing girl, I like to communicate with others.
4、组建极优作文——水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
My name is Tian Hua, a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School. I come from China. I perform Taiji every morning to keep fit; as a result, I am slim. As an outgoing girl, I like to communicate with other. I am curious about everything, especially exploring space. My favorite subject is physics. I often ask questions in class. Group work is my favorite way to learn. I make mind maps to organize my thoughts after class. Dancing and skating are my hobbies. It has been ten years since I fell in love with them. My dream is to be an engineer in the future.
即学即练
假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师John找一位英语笔友。请写一封信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：
1.年龄； 2.性别； 3.爱好（旅游、运动、养宠物等）
注意：1.词数100左右；开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog friend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
人教版新教材（2019年版）必修第一册
Welcome Unit
一、词汇
1、识记
exchange, lecture, register, registration, sex, male, female, nationality, nation, design, designer, campus, formal, anxious, annoyed, annoy, frightened, senior, outgoing, impression, impress, experiment, awkward, junior, explore, confident, confidence, forward, flash, organize, organization, goal, strategy, partner, improve, curious, company, personality, style, revise
2、词形变化
register v. à n. registration
nation n. àn. nationality adj. national adv. nationally
design v. & n. à n. designer
anxious adj. à n. anxiety adv. anxiously
annoy v. à adj. annoying annoyed n. annoyance
frighten vt. à adj. frightened frightening
impress v. à n. impression adj. impressive
adv. impressively
concentrate v. à n. concentration
explore v. à n. exploration explorer
confident adj. à n. confidence adv. confidently
organize v. à n. organizer organization
improve v. à n. improvement
company v. & n. à n. companion v. accompany
personality n. à n. person adj. personal adv. personally
revise v. à n. reviser revision
3、应用(*为教材中出现，而非单词表中)
1. impress v. 使钦佩，留下印象
impress sb. with sb./sth.
使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象
His sincerity impressed her.
He impressed her with his sincerity.
他的真诚打动了她。
She was impressed with the painting.
她对那幅油画产生了兴趣。
impress sth. on/upon sb. （注意：不用in sb.）使铭记，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到（重要性或严重性等）
Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
她的话语我铭记在心。
He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
他让我们认识到必须立刻采取行动。
impress sb./sth. that …
It impressed me that she remembered my name.
让我佩服的是她记得我的名字。
拓展1：impression n.
①impression of sb./sth. | impression that … 印象，感想
My first impression of him was favorable.
他给我的第一印象不错。
I didn’t get the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我并不觉得他们不满于当时的状况。
My impression is that there are still a lot of problems.
依我看问题还是蛮多的。
②impression on sb. 影响，效果
His trip to India made a strong impression on him.
他的印度之行对他的触动很大。
My words made no impression on her.
我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。
③印象画
This is an artist’s an impression of the new stadium.
这是一位艺术家对未来新运动场所所做的印象画。
④impression of sb. （对某人举止言谈的）滑稽模仿
He said his impression of Tom Hanks.
他滑稽地模仿了汤姆·汉克斯。
⑤（虚假的）外观，假象
Clever lighting creates an impression of space in a room.巧妙的照明会让人有屋子空间增大的感觉。
⑥压痕
⑦印数，印次
IDM: be under the impression that …
以为……，（通常指）误认为……
I was under the impression that the work had already been completed.我还以为已经完工了呢。
拓展2：impressive adj. （事物或人）令人赞叹的，令人敬佩的
She was very impressive in the interview.
她在面试中表现得十分出色。
拓展3：impressively adv.
拓展4：impressionable adj. (人，尤指年轻人)易受影响的
Children at an impressionable age
处于易受外界影响年龄段的儿童
拓展5：impressionism Un。 印象主义，印象派（19世纪下半叶时兴起于法国的绘画风格，主要表现光与色的效果，不着眼于准确的细节）
拓展6：impressionist n. 印象派的 n. 印象派画家，模仿演员（常模仿名人言行）
拓展7：impressionistic adj. (written) 给人以大致印象的，不精确的
2.concentrate
①v. concentrate sth. on (doing) sth. 集中（注意力），聚精会神
I can’t concentrate with all that noise going on.
吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法集中精神。
Nothing concentrates the mind better than the knowledge that you could die tomorrow.
没有什么比知道自己明天就可能会死去更能让人定下心来去思考种种问题的。
I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live. 我决定全力以赴找个住的地方。
②v. concentrate sb./sth. +adv./prep使……集中（集合，聚集）
Power is largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite.
全力主要集中在少数精英人物的手中。
Fighting was concentrated around the towns to the north.
战斗集中在北方诸城镇的周围进行。
③v. （使）浓缩
短语：concentrate on sth. 集中时间做某事
In this lecture I shall concentrate on the early years of Charles’s reign.
这节课我将着重讲查理王朝的早期统治时期。
④n. 浓缩物
拓展1：concentrated
①adj. 决心要做的，全力以赴的
He made a concentrated effort to finish the work on time.他全力以赴以按时完成这项工作。
②（物质）浓缩的
③密集的，集中的
concentrated gunfire 密集的炮火
拓展2：concentration
①Un.专心，专注
This book requires a great deal of concentration.
这本书需要全神贯注才能读懂。
②Un. concentration on sth. 关注，重视
a need for greater concentration on environmental issues更加关注环境问题的必要性
③concentration of sth. 集中，聚集
a concentration of industry in the north of the country这个国家的工业在北部的集中
④浓度，含量
Glucose concentrations in the blood
血液中的葡萄糖含量
拓展3：concentration camp 纳粹集中营
拓展4：同义词
pay attention to (doing) sth.
focus … on…
fix (one’s attention) on …
devote oneself to (doing) sth.
sb. be buried in sth.
be absorbed in …
3. *happen
313:三个短语，一个规定，三个单词的区别
l 三个短语：
sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事
He happened to meet an old friend yesterday.
他昨天碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。
sth. happen to sb.某事碰巧发生在某人身上
An accident happened to him.
昨天他遇到了一件事故。
It happens that … 碰巧发生了某事
It happened that he met an old friend yesterday.
他昨天碰巧遇到了一位老朋友。
l 一个规定
英语中所有表示“爆发、发生、进行”的动词，都不能用于被动。这些动词有：happen, take place, occur, break out, go on,这些动词都是不及物动词。
即时练习
Yesterday, a fire ______ because of old electricity lines.
A. happens B. happened C. was happened D. had happened
l 三个单词的区别
happen:常用词，表示“偶然发生”。
What happened when you told him the news?
你告诉他这消息时，他的反应如何？
take place: 正式用语，通常用于表示已计划、安排或人们积极参与的事情。
The festival takes place in July every year.
庆祝活动在每年七月举行。
The sports meeting will take place in November.
运动会将在11月举行。
=We will hold/host the sports meeting in November.
Occur: 表示偶然发生时，为正式用于。
Police report that the accident occurred at about 9:30 p.m.
警察报告说事故发生在晚上9:30左右。
猜一猜，这个短语是什么意思：
It occurs to me that …
It occurs to me that I need someone to help me.
我突然想到/意识到我需要别人的帮助。
拓展1：IDM
①anything can/might happen
什么事都可能发生，结果难以预料
②as it happens/ happened 令人惊奇的是，恰恰
I agree with you, as it happens.
我恰恰和你意见一致。
As it happens, I have a spare set of keys in my office.
碰巧我在办公室有一套备用钥匙。
③It just so happens that …碰巧，恰好
It just so happened they’d been invited too.
他们碰巧也获得邀请。
④these things happen
这类事在所难免，别为做过的事担忧
Sorry, I’ve spilt some wine.
Never mind. These things happen.
对不起，我弄洒了些酒。
没关系，这种事在所难免。
拓展2：PHR
happen on sth. 偶然发现某物
happen to sb./sth. 遭到，遇到
I hope nothing has happened to them.
我希望他们没出事。
What’s happened to your car?
你的车出什么毛病了？
拓展3：happening
n. 事件，发生的事情（常指不寻常的）
There have been strange happenings here lately.
这儿最近发生了一些怪事。
adj. 热闹的，时髦的
4. *It be adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth.
①句型构成
这是一个由it代替-to do不定式充当句子主语的句型，it为形式主语，原句型为 To do sth is adj. for/ of sb.
②什么时候用for，什么时候用of:
当形容词是用来修饰后面的sb.时，使用of。
It is kind of you to help us.
当形容词是用来修饰后面的to do时，使用for。
It is difficult for us to finish it within 2 hours.
③如何运用
凡是表达“做……（对于……来讲）是……的”的时候，就用这个句式。
每天早睡早起有益身体健康。
It is good for our body to get up and go to sleep early every day.
学习一门外语是很有必要的。
It is necessary to learn a foreign language.
④考查点
考查点主要落在“在实际语境中，识别本句型，并正确使用to do不定式”。
It’s important for the figures ______ regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated
C. to update D. to have updated
It's standard practice for a company like this one ______ a security officer.
A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs
⑤拓展——形式宾语
make/find/think/believe…it adj. (for/ of sb.) to do sth.
1. We find it difficult to finish the work within 2 days.
Susan made ______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
2. We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
3. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell one from the other.
A. it B. them C. her D. that
5. leave … alone
l leave sb./sth. alone 不碰，不打扰，不移动
I have told you before: leave me/ my things alone.
我告诉过你，不要烦我/不要碰我的东西。
l leave alone 更不用说
There isn’t enough room for us, let alone any guests.
连我们都没有足够的空间，更不用说客人了。
6. 情绪动词frightened, annoyed
①那些动词是情绪动词？
②情绪动词是感官动词吗？
③情绪动词的-ing, -ed分词变化而来的形容词如何使用？
“-ed分词修饰人，-ing分词修饰物”的说法对吗？
下面的短语中那个是正确的呢？
a frightened man a frightening man
shocking look shocked look
④还有那些情绪动词？
shock (shocked, shocking)
frighten (frightened, frightening)
worry (worried, worrying)
concern (concerned, concerning)
surprise (surprised, surprising)
interest (interested, interesting)
excite (excited, exciting)
bore (bored, boring)
confuse (confused, confusing)
tire (tired, tiring)
astonish (astonished, astonishing)
puzzle （puzzled, puzzling）
terrify (terrified, terrifying)
refresh (refreshed, refreshing)
convince (convinced, convincing)
impress (impressed, impressing)
depress (depressed, depressing)
amuse (amused, amusing)
annoy (annoyed, annoying)
disturb (disturbed, disturbing)
disappoint (disappointed, disappointing)
satisfy (satisfied, satisfying/ satisfactory)
please (pleased, pleasing/ pleasant)
encourage (encouraged, encouraging)
discourage (discouraged, discouraging)
move (moved, moving)
touch (touched, touching)
1. Though ______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B was surprised
C. surprised D. being surprised
2. Little Tom sat ______ watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
A. amaze B. amazing C. amazed D. to amaze
7. *depend on/upon 依赖于，取决于
=rely on
He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是那种你可以信赖的人。
We might need more food depending on how many people turn up.我们可能还需要些食物，不过这要看到场的人数。
拓展
a dependable person 可信赖的人
dependant (=dependent) n. 受抚养者（尤指孩子），靠他人生活者
dependence n.（生存或成功必需的）依靠，以依赖，依存；瘾（=dependency）
dependency n. （尤指不正常或不必要的）依靠，依赖；附属国，附属地
dependable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的，有瘾的
independent adj. 独立的，不依赖的
independence n. 独立
8. look forward to (doing) sth.
I am looking forward to receiving your letter.
常用在信件的最后一段：
(I’m) looking forward to your reply.
拓展：动词后接介词to
listen to
pay attention to
make contribution to
contribute to
attribute to
lead to
adapt to
adjust to
see to负责，注意
object to
stick to
get down to
devote to
be addicted to
be accustomed to
be used to doing sth. (区分be used to do sth.)
admit (to) à be admitted to
sentence sb. to …
attend to
get close to
look up to
belong to
take to 开始从事，养成习惯，沉湎于
refer to
prefer … to… (区分：prefer to do sth.)
set an example to
put an end to
set fire to
be equal to
be similar to
be known to
be connected/related/ linked to
9. what if
What (will happen/will we do) if it rains heavily tomorrow?
10. be curious about 对……感到好奇
be anxious about
be interested in sth./sb.
be surprised/shocked/disappointed… at sb./sth.
be satisfied with sb./sth.
be worried/concerned about sb./sth.
be surprised/shocked/disappointed to do sth.
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
out of curiosity 出于好奇
with curiosity =curiously 好奇地
拓展：
curiously adv. 好奇地
curiosity n. 好奇心
即时练习：
1. The little boy observed the cat __________ (curious) and wanted to know how it could get through such a small hole in the wall.
2. The people in the hall seemed very nose (爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with __________ (curious).
3. She was curious __________ (know) what was going on in the neighborhood.
4. I am curious __________ how coffee companies such as Starbucks will handle the “coffee cancer warning” problem.
11. *begin with *end up with
拓展：v.+up with
catch up with 追上，赶上
keep up with 保持起头并进
come up with 想出解决问题的办法= think of
put up with 忍耐，忍受
I tried my best to catch up with my friends and kept up with him.
Can you come up with any idea to deal with the problem?
It is so boring. I can’t put up with it.
12. *come true
辨析：come true, realize
come true （梦想）成真
realize 实现（梦想）
Our dream will come true one day.
We will realize our dream one day.
13. *share sth. with sb.
14. *plan
v. plan to do sth.
n. the plan for sth. （注意：不用of）
理解下面这个句子吗？
I had planned to visit you yesterday.
特殊规定：所有表示“计划、安排、打算”的动词的过去完成时态表示“过去没有完成的愿望或打算”。
这些动词有：hope, wish, plan, mean。
15. *use sth to do sth.
区分三个短语：
be used to do sth. 被用于做某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事（现在不做了）
16. *be busy with sth./(in) doing sth.
He is busy with his work these days.
He is busy (in) doing his work.
17. *do well in
do badly in
be good/bad at
18. *be similar to
be familiar with
be familiar to
be popular with （注意：不用be popular to）
We are familiar with him.
He is familiar to us.
He is popular with us.
二、阅读
Reading and Thinking
First Impressions P.4
Before reading——Words and expressions
a little nervous
make friends
what a day
feel awkward
not… any more
senior high school
While reading
I课文结构
1. anxious 2 impression 3. maths 4. kind 5 friendly 6. helpful 7. science lab 8 a guy 9 to explore 10 more confident
II True of False.
1. Han jing is an outgoing person.
2. Han Jing finds her maths teacher kind and friendly.
3. Han Jing has the chemistry class in the science lab.
4. Han Jing tried to talk to the guy next to her.
5. Han Jing will be more confident after the first day in senior high school.
FTTFT
III 表格填空
Time
Feeling
Things
7:00 am
A little anxious
I want to (1) __________ and (2) __________.
12:30 p.m.
The maths class was (3) __________, but the teacher was kind and (4) __________.
I had maths class and the teacher told (5) __________, making us (6) __________.
5:32 pm
The lab is new and the lesson was (7) __________.
I had (8) __________class but a guy always tried to talk to me.
10:29 pm
More (9) __________.
I didn’t feel (10) __________or (11) __________, because I will make (12) __________ and there’s a lot to explore.
1 make a good impression 2 make friends 3 difficult 4 friendly 5 a funny story 6 laugh 7 great 8 chemistry 9 confident 10 awkward 11 frightened 12 new friends
IV 根据课文内容选择正确答案
1. The text wants to tell us ______.
A. Han Jing’s attitude to school
B. Han Jing’s first day in senior high school and her feelings
C. the relation between the teacher and the students
D. the lessons Han Jing will attend
2. How was the maths teachers like?
A. Kind and friendly B. Strict and cold C. Learned and handsome D. Outgoing and kind
3. Where did Han Jing have chemistry class?
A. In the classroom. B. In the library. C. In the science lab. D. In the dining hall.
4. Why did Han Jing not concentrate on the experiment?
A. Because the lesson was boring.
B. Because she didn’t like the teacher.
C. Because the teacher was not humorous.
D. Because she was disturbed by one of her classmates.
5. After the first day in senior high school, Han Jing felt ______.
A. more anxious B. more confident C. more frightened D. more awkward
BACDB
V 阅读文章，回答问题（课本P. 5）
1. Why did Han Jing feel anxious before school?
She is not outgoing.
2. How was her first maths class?
It was difficult.
3. What happened in the chemistry class? What would you do if this happened to you?
The guy next to Han Jing tried to talk to her the whole class. Just ignore.
4. What did Han Jing learn from her first day at senior high school?
She learnt that she would make new friends there and there was a lot to explore at senior high school
VI 选择正确选项填入空白处，不全所给句子提供的信息（其中一项是多余的）
A. to make a good first impression B. kind and friendly
C. to please be quiet and leave me alone D. I will make new friends
E. than I felt this morning F. tomorrow will be a great day
1. At night, I felt much more confident ______.
2. I missed my friends from junior school, but I believe ______.
3. I really wanted to tell him ______.
4. The class was difficult, but the teacher was ______.
5. Though I was not outgoing, I wanted ______.
EDCBA
After Reading
I 课文语法填空
（一）
Han Jing went to school at 7:00 am. Because she was not outgoing, she felt a little (1) __________ (anxiety). She wanted to make more (2) __________(friend) but was worried no one would talk to her.
The first class was maths, (3) __________ was difficult. The teacher was kind and friendly. He made his students laugh (4) __________ telling a (5) __________ (fun) story in class. In the afternoon, Han Jing had her chemistry class in the science lab but (6) __________ (disturb) by a guy who walked to her the whole class. She couldn’t concentrate on the experiment so she really wanted this classmate (7) __________ (be) quiet and leave her (8) __________. After the first day, Han Jing didn’t feel (9) __________ (frighten) but felt more (10) __________ (confidence) than she felt in the morning. She believed tomorrow would be great.
1 anxious 2 friendly 3 which 4 by 5 funny 6 was disturbed 7 was 8 alone 9 frightened 10 confident
（二）
When Han Jing was a senior student (1) __________ last, she was a little anxious. Since she wanted to make a good first (2) __________ (impress), she was rather worried about (3) __________ she could make any friends.
Having had (4) __________ (she) first maths class in senior high school, she realized though the class was difficult most of her (5) __________ (classmate) and teachers were friendly and (6) __________ (help). And in the afternoon, her chemistry class in (7) __________ science lab was great, even though there was a guy who always made her not concentrate on the experiment.
All day long, Han Jing didn’t feel awkward and (8) __________ (frighten) at all. She missed her friends from junior high school, but she believed she would make new friends soon. With a lot (9) __________ (explore) at senior high school, she felt more confident and (10) __________ (believe) that tomorrow would be a great day.
1 at 2 impression 3 whether （思考：可不可以使用if？） 4 her 5 classmates 6 helpful 7 the 8 frightened 9 to explore 10 believed
II 单词练习(课本P.5)
用所给词的正确形式填空
explore impression feel confident senior experiment concentrate on
Tian Hua is a new student at a school in America. She is studying at an American high school for one year. In China, Tian Hua was in Grade 1 at __________ high school, but in America, she is in Grade 10! She did not __________ at all when she arrived. Her first __________ was that English was difficult and people spoke too quickly, but soon she found that if she __________ the ideas, not the single words, she could understand! She also made friends and began to __________ the city with them. Her new friends were happy to explain things to her after class. Her favorite class is chemistry because the teacher lets the students do cool __________. Tian Hua is not sure how well she will do at school this year, but she is not nervous any more. She is excited!
senior feel confident impression concentrates on explore experiments
三、 语法
（二）英语基本句式结构（详见校本教材《初高衔接》）
1、认识词类与词类区分
词类
说 明
举 例
名词
用来指代世间万事万物名称的词。
book, boy, thing
代词
用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、-to do、-ing、从句或句子的结构。
this, that, anything, some, he, they
冠词
用来说明名词所表示的人或事物。
冠词是虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能脱离名词而单独存在，不能单独作句子成分。（英语中只有三个冠词。）
a, an, the
动词
用来表示动作或状态的词，表示 “是什么”或“做什么”。
finish, do, eat, live
形容词
用来描述事物大小、形状、颜色等等具体特征，或陈述事物状态的词。（常译作“……的”。）
beautiful, old, bad
副词
用来修饰形容词、副词和动词，说明形容词、副词的程度、频度，动词的方式、程度等，有时也对整个句子进行整体描述。（常译作“……地”。）
badly, beautifully, often
介词
用来表示名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句）与句中其他词之间的关系的词。介词是虚词，不重读，不能单独作句子成分，需要和它后面的词共同充当句子成分。
in, up, toward
数量词
表示数目多少或顺序的词。分为基数词和序数词。
one, hundred, first
限定词
对其他词类或结构起修饰、限定作用的词。含：形容词、冠词、数量词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词等等。
a, an, the, this, that, these, my, your, cold, some, any
连词
用来连接单词、短语或句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独作任何成分，一般不重读。
and, but, what, although, however
语气词
用来表达语气的词。
oh, well。
助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。
最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would。
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义。)
助动词协助主要动词完成以下动能。
a. 表示时态
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句
Do you like college life?
你喜欢大学生活吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
2、认识句子成分
成分
说明
举例
①主语
主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或句子等充当。
He likes watching TV.
他喜欢看电视。
English is important.英语很重要。
Two added to two is four.
二加二等于四。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
What he said is right.他说的是对的。
②谓语
用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。以动词的某种时态形式呈现。
1)简单谓语：由动词（或短语动词）构成。可以有不同的时态、语态和语气。
We study for the people.
我们为人民学习。
2)复合谓语：情态动词＋动词原形
I can speak a little English.
我可以说一点英语。
③宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词或介词之后，能作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或句子等。
We like English.我们喜欢英语。
I like it.我喜欢它。
I know that you are right.
我知道你是对的。
He got two.他得到了两个。
有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。
He gave me some ink.
他给了我一点墨水。
④表语
用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等。一般由名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语、动名词或从句等充当。
My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
English is important.英语很重要。
The window is broken.窗子碎了。
It is possible that he did it.
很可能是他干的。
⑤定语
用来描绘、修饰、限定名词或代词的修饰语。用作定语的主要是形容词、代词、数词、名词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语或动词的分词等。形容词、代词、数词、名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。
He is a new student.他是个新生。
This is a beautiful flower.
这是一朵漂亮花。
The book that you gave me yesterday is interesting.
你昨天给我的说真有趣。
但副词、动词不定式、介词短语、从句等作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后。
The bike in the room is mine.
房间里的自行车是我的。
⑥状语
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分。用来表示时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、程度、目的、条件、比较和让步等。用作状语的通常是副词、介词短语、不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰词前或句首。
He lives in London.他住在伦敦。
Sadly, he left the room.
他伤心地离开了房间。
He runs very fast.
他跑地非常快。
⑦补足语
用来说明主语或宾语所处的状态或正在进行的动作。
Tom was seen playing on the playground.
这个句子中playing是对Tom的解释说明，是主语补足语。
⑧独立成分
与句子没有关系或关系不密切，是独立于句子之外的成分。感叹词、呼语和插入语是常见的三种独立成分。
Books, you see, are a good thing.
Tom, come here!
⑨同位语
一般由名词来充当，与前面的名词指代同一对象，构成 “A, B”的结构，可以变形为“A is B.”的形式。
Tom, my best friend, is an honest man.
3、词类与句子成分
主语
谓语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
名词
√
√
√
√
√
√
代词
√
√
√
√
√
√
冠词
√
形容词
The +adj. √
The +adj. √
√
√
√
√
副词
√
√
√
√
动词
时态形式
√
-ing
√
√
√
√
√
√
-to do
√
√
√
√
√
√
-ed
√
√
√
√
介词短语
√
√
√
√
数量词
√
√
√
√
√
√
连词
并列连词
从属连词
从属
代词
√
√
√
√
（√）
从属
副词
√
√
（√）
语气词
4、划分句子成分
①英语五大句式结构
序号
基本句子结构
解释
例句
1
S+V
主语+谓语
He lied.
2
S+V+ C
主语+谓语+表语（通常说成：主系表结构）
He is a student.
3
S+V+O
主语+谓语+宾语
He told a lie.
4
S+V+O1+O2
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
He gave us a book.
5
S+V+O+C
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
We saw him singing.
②划分方法
划分句子时，基本采取“扒皮抽筋”的方法，即：先找到句子中的主语、谓语，再逐一找到其他的各个成分。
The book, bought in that bookstore yesterday, is very interesting.
先找主语、谓语：The book, is；其后的是表语：very interesting；最后，bought in that bookstore在句中只能充当主语the book的后置定语了，而yesterday则是时间状语。
③练习
I 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The studentsgot on the schoolbus.
2. He handed methe newspaper.
3. I shall answeryour question after class.
4. What a beautifulChinese painting!
5. They went huntingtogether early in the morning.
6. Hisjob is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.
8. There is going to bean American film tonight.
9. He isto leave for Shanghaitomorrow.
10.His wishis to become a scientist.
11. He managedto finish the workin time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found itimportant to master English.
14. Do you have anythingelseto say?
15. To be honest， your pronunciation is not sogood.
16. Would you please tellme your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. Itis our dutyto keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
II翻译下列句子
² 主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1. 你应当努力学习。
2. 她昨天回家很晚。
3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。
4. 会议将持续两个小时。
5.在 过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
² 主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语 ）
1. 昨晚我写了一封信。
2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3. 这本书他读过多次了。
4. 他们成功地完成了计划。
5. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
² 主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋表语）
1. 我的兄弟都是大学生。
2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。
3. 孩子们，请保持安静。
4. 树叶已经变黄了。
5. 这个报告听起来很有意思。
² 双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。
2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。
4. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。
5. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
² 复合宾语结构（主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
1. 我们叫她Alice.
2. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3. 我们要使学校变得更美丽。
4. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
5. 我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
² There be 句型
1. 今晚没有会。
2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。
3 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师
4. 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
5.恰好那时房里没人。
④复杂句子的产生
1、五种基本句型都是陈述句，可以将其改为否定句和疑问句。
He gets up at seven every day.
à He doesn’t get up at seven every day
Does he get up at seven every day?
2、扩大基本句型，主要手段有二：
一是分句并列，如：
Most of us were in the hall, the doors had been closed, and latecomers had to wait outside.
二是增加修饰语和使用附属分句，如:
He gave a book.
He gave me a book.
He gave me a new book.
He gave me a new book that he had bought.
He gave me a new book that he had bought in the bookstore.
He gave a new book that he had bought in the bookstore which is not far away from Xin Xing Middle school.
He gave a new book that he had bought in the bookstore which is not far away from Xin Xing Middle school where works his best friend.
He gave a new book that he had bought in the bookstore which is not far away from Xin Xing Middle school where works his best friend with whom he once worked in a factory.
当然，可以把上述两种方法结合在一起使用。那么，上面的句子就可以变为：
He who visited me yesterday gave me a very wonderful new English book that he had bought when he was on holiday with his family last year in England, which I like very much.
其中，He gave me a book.就是基本的句子结构框架。
近几年高考中出现的长句，其实都是如此得来的。我们只要明白其中的道理，遇到长句时，静下心来，将句子削皮去肉，抽筋剔骨，就可以了。
请尝试分析下面的句子：
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty miles south of London, they were not taken seriously, but, as the evidence to accumulate, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinary similar.
练习：划分句子成分。
1. A lot of language learning, ______has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it C. which D. this 【A】
2. Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ______ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often.
A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. were to live 【D】
3. 【完形填空】Not having a car or 40 the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B, 41 I’d left myself plenty of time, soon it was 42 I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the 43 direction.
40. A. living B. visiting C. knowing D. appreciating 【C】
41. A. Although B. Since C. Unless D. Once 【A】
42. A. strange B. necessary C. obvious D. important 【C】
43. A. same B. right C. general D. opposite 【D】
4．【完形填空】I 44 the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do, I look into the eyes of a 45 who was trying to get past me, 46 instead of moving on, she stopped to ask if I was 47 .
44. A. looked at B. waited for C. got off D. ran into 【C】
45. A. driver B. friend C. stranger D. gentleman 【C】
46. A. Especially B. Surprisingly C. Probably D. Normally 【B】
47. A. nervous B. excited C. OK D. dangerous 【C】
5.【任务型阅读】If you are going to a country where your language is not widely spoken, you can get the back side of your card printed in the local language.
四、写作：学生档案
Student Card
Name
Age
Pic
Grade
Scholl
Hobbies
Favourite subjects
Learning style
Future plans and dreams
Student Profile
My name is … and I am a … student at …
Pic
个人简介的写法
I. 黄金写作模板
My name is __________ and I’m a Grade __________ student at __________(学校名称). I look __________ (外貌特征). I am a __________ (性格特征) boy/girl. My favorite subject is __________. I __________(学习方法). __________… are my hobbies. My dream is to __________.
II. 写作架构及语言特点
个人简介是新课标中书面表达常见的形式之一，其主要内容是简单介绍人物的姓名、年龄、品质、最喜欢的学科、学习方法、爱好以及对未来的打算等。个人简介语言简介，突出重点，条例清晰。
III. 写作常用词汇
对……好奇 be curious about
对……感兴趣 be interested in
最喜欢的 favorite
爱好hobby
来自于come from
喜欢做…… like to do
计划做…… plan to do
IV. 写作常用句型
1. My name is/I’m Li Hua.
2. I’m a high school student.
3. I come from/ I’m from Shanghai.
4. I’m curious about everything.
5. My favorite subject is English.
6. Group work is my favorite way to learn.
7. In the study group, we talk about what we’re learning and help each other.
8. I like to read in my spare time.
9. I plan to become a doctor in the future.
10. My dream is to become successful.
典例剖析
According to the student profile, write a passage to introduce yourself.
Name
Tian Hua
Grade/school
Grade 10; Lakeside High School
Nationality
China
Appearance
Slim
Personality
Outgoi8ng; curious about everything
Favorite subject
Physics
Learning methods
Asking questions; group work; mind maps
Hobbies
Dancing and skiing
Future plans and dreams
engineer
注意：词数80左右。
审题谋篇
1、定框架—— 好的开始，成功的一半
体裁
个人简介
人称
第一人称
时态
一般现在时
框架
第一步：介绍个人的基本信息
第二步：介绍个人的爱好，喜欢的学科，学习方法
第三步：自己对未来的打算
2、定要点、关键词及动词时态——打造一篇要点全面、用词准确得体、时态多样的极优作文
要点一：我的名字是田华。
My name is Tian Hua.
要点二：我来自中国。
I come from China.
要点三：我是Lakeside High School的10年级学生。
I’m a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School.
要点四：我每天早上打太极拳(perform Taiji)，所以我很苗条。
Because I perform Taiji every mornig to keep fit, I’m slim.
要点五：我很外向，因此我乐意和别人交流。
I am an outgoing girl so that I like to communicate with others.
要点六：我对一切很好奇，尤其是探索天空。
I am curious about everything, especially exploring space.
要点七：我最喜欢的学科是物理。
My favorite subject is physics.
要点八：我经常问问题。
I often ask questions.
要点九：小组活动是我最喜欢的学习方法。
Group work is my favorite way to learn.
要点十：我做思维导图来组织我的思维。
I make mind maps to organize my thoughts.
要点十一：跳舞和滑冰是我的业余爱好。我喜欢上它们已经有10年了。
Dancing and skating are my hobbies. It has been ten years since I fell in love with them.
3、词汇、句式升级——创造极优作文的倩词靓句
升级句式一：用名词作同位语合并要点一和要点三。
My name is is Tian Hua, a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School.
升级句式二：用as a result改写要点四。
I perform Taiji every morning to keep fit; as result, I am fit.
升级句式三：用介词as改写要点五。
As an outgoing girl, I like to communicate with others.
4、组建极优作文——水到渠成的成就感：动力的源泉
My name is Tian Hua, a Grade 10 student at Lakeside High School. I come from China. I perform Taiji every morning to keep fit; as a result, I am slim. As an outgoing girl, I like to communicate with other. I am curious about everything, especially exploring space. My favorite subject is physics. I often ask questions in class. Group work is my favorite way to learn. I make mind maps to organize my thoughts after class. Dancing and skating are my hobbies. It has been ten years since I fell in love with them. My dream is to be an engineer in the future.
即学即练
假定你是李华，希望通过外籍教师John找一位英语笔友。请写一封信，描述一下你理想中笔友的条件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括：
1.年龄； 2.性别； 3.爱好（旅游、运动、养宠物等）
注意：1.词数100左右；开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear John,
I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor.
I want to have a pen friend, hopefully a girl in her early twenties, and with interests similar to mine. In my mind, she is someone who is interested in traveling, swimming and playing table tennis. Besides, it would be better for her to have a pet dog friend, I hope I can share with her our experiences in traveling, taking care of pets, or whatever we have in common. And I believe I will improve my English by doing so and learn more about her country.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
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