人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 5 Music学案及答案

Learning about Language

 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

观察上面对话, 并类比填空。

1. The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist.  

2. Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week?  

一、“介词+关系代词”的基本用法

　　在“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中, 关系代词指物用which, 指人用whom, 不可用that或who代替。

*He handed me a pen with which I wrote down his phone number. 他递给我一支钢笔, 我用它记下了他的电话号码。

*The university in which my brother once studied is very famous. 我哥哥曾经就读的大学很有名气。

用适当的关系代词填空。

(1)I’m grateful to my parents,  to whom I often turn for help when I am in trouble.

(2)I bought a new bike the other day,  on which I go to work every day.

(3)The taxi into which a truck had knocked was destroyed last night.

(4)For example,  you might have a list of contacts,  each of whom must have a name,  age,  and telephone number.

二、使用“介词+关系代词”要注意的几点

1. 选用介词的依据。

(1)根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。

*This is the teacher from whom we’ve learnt a lot. (learn from sb. )

这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位老师。

*Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. (be famous for)

昨天我们参观了杭州因其而著名的西湖。

(2)根据介词与先行词的关系 (约定俗成, 不一定是短语)。

*The girl about whom we are talking is a doctor.

我们正在谈论的那个女孩是个医生。

*I still remember the day on which we meet for the first time. 我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那一天。

(3)根据句子表达的意思。

*The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what is happening outside.

那个调皮的男孩在墙上挖了个洞, 透过这个洞他能看到外面发生的事。

(4)表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时, 通常用介词of。

*I have about 20 books,  half of which were written by Bing Xin,  the famous writer.

我有大约20本书, 其中一半是著名作家冰心写的。

*She has four daughters,  all of whom care about her very much. 她有四个女儿, 她们都很关心她。

2. “the+名词+of+关系代词”结构用来代替“whose+名词”, 也可用“of which the+名词”。

*They do experiments in a lab,  the windows of which(=of which the windows/whose windows) face south.

他们在窗户朝南的实验室里做实验。

*I will talk to those students the homework of whom(=whose homework/of whom the homework) hasn’t been done. 我要和没完成作业的那些学生谈话。

3. 复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句。

*They finally climbed up the mountain,  on top of which many strange birds were seen.

最后他们爬上山, 在山顶他们看到很多奇怪的鸟。

*Look at the photo. This is Mr Green,  in front of whom sit three students.

看这张照片。这是格林先生, 他前面坐着三个学生。

4. 关系副词when,  where,  why可用“介词+which”来代替。

*I often think of the moment when (= at which) I saw the UFO. 我常常想起我看见不明飞行物的那一刻。

*The police searched the house where (= in which) the thief had stayed.

警察搜查了那个小偷待过的房子。

*I don’t know the reason why (= for which) he performed badly. 我不知道他为什么表现差。

不可分割的动词短语

　　有些固定动词短语中的介词一般不能提前。常见的这类动词短语有: listen to,  look at,  depend on,  look for,  pay attention to,  take care of,  look after,  take part in,  call on,  catch up with,  get along with,  hear of,  look forward to等。

*This must be the key that she is looking for.

这一定是她正在寻找的那把钥匙。

*We often talk about the people and the things that we heard of. 我们经常谈论我们听说的人和事。

　　　　　　　【知识延伸】the way后定语从句的关系词

way表示“方法, 方式”时, 其后的定语从句有两种情况:

1. the way的关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时, 用that和which均可, 作宾语时可省略。

*The way (that/which) he thought of to prevent the air pollution was very good.

他想出的防止空气污染的方法非常好。(关系词代替the way在定语从句中用作thought of的宾语)

　2. the way的关系词在定语从句中作方式状语时, 用that或in which均可, 现代英语倾向于省略关系词。

*I don’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother. 我不喜欢你同你母亲说话的方式。

用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。

(1)There comes the girl,  for whom I have been waiting around an hour.  

(2)She handed me a pen with which I wrote down my name.  

(3)The man to whom you spoke just now is a teacher.  

(4)This is the room,  of which the window is blue.  

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. I was given three books on cooking,  the first of which I really enjoyed.

2. Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future.

3. Mary has written two novels,  both of which have been made into television series.

4. Our school is very beautiful,  of which we are greatly proud.

5. Thank you for your help,  without which we couldn’t have finished it on time.

6. The football team has 15 members,  the oldest of whom is 25 years old.

7. That is the reason for which he must apologize.

8. This is a subject about which we have talked a lot.

9. There are thirty students in our class in all,  most of whom are from villages.

10. I still remember the day on which I first came here.

Ⅱ. 用定语从句合并下面的句子

1. She has two daughters.  One of them is a doctor.

→She has two daughters,  one of whom is a doctor.  

2. The boy was often late for school.  The reason is still unknown.

→The reason for which the boy was often late for school is still unknown.  

3. China has thousands of islands.  Hainan Island is the largest among them.

→China has thousands of islands,  of which Hainan Island is the largest.  

4. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase.  Its price was very reasonable.

→Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,  the price of which was very reasonable.  

5. In the distance there is a hill.  On the top of it stands a white temple.

→In the distance there is a hill,  on the top of which stands a white temple.  

6. I have bought two books recently.  Neither of them interests my brother.

→I have bought two books recently,  neither of which interests my brother.  

7. The citizens of this country consume 18 million tons of wheat annually.  More than half of them comes from abroad. 

→The citizens of this country consume 18 million tons of wheat annually,  more than half of which comes from abroad.   

8. The children were tired. All of them had played the whole day long.

→The children,  all of whom had played the whole day long,  were tired.  

　　使用本单元所学的“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句翻译下面语段

　　我们在一个有60名学生的班级里(in which)学习。学生们学习很努力, 其中大部分(most of whom)来自农村。我们相互帮助和学习, 老师们对此很欣慰(with which)。我们的老师很优秀, 我们因为他们而自豪(of whom)。我们感恩老师, 在他们的帮助下(with the help of whom), 我们在学习上取得了很大的进步。

　　We study in a class in which there are 60 students. The students,  most of whom come from the country,  study very hard. We help and learn from each other,  with which the teachers are quite pleased. Our teachers,  of whom we are proud of,  are very excellent. We are grateful to the teachers,  with the help of whom we have made great progress in our studies.