（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案5 Unit 4 natural disasters 新人教版必修第一册

必修第一册　UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS

Ⅰ.完形填空

A

(2022·宝鸡市渭滨区高三训练)

My mom has always been my biggest inspiration. She’s a single parent of eight.

Throughout the years, I’ve seen my mom __1.C__ many difficulties and overcome many life changing barriers. All those could easily __2.A__ someone with little faith. The most difficult challenge was the __3.D__ of my younger sister Tenesha at the age of 7.

During the first three months of Tenesha’s life, doctors __4.B__ if she would live to see the age of 1. This was heartbreaking news, but my mom never lost hope.Even though Tenesha’s __5.C__ hospital visits hurt her at times, my mom never showed signs of weakness. Her strength always made Tenesha feel __6.A__ there had been nothing to worry about. This strength enabled Tenesha to live the life of a regular child. We almost __7.B__that she was sick.

Unfortunately, after 5 years of a happy childhood, things began to__8.C__. Tenesha lost sight in her left eye, which was __9.A__ by loss of sense in her left arm, eventually leaving her left side paralyzed (瘫痪的). My mom __10.D__ her job and attended to her every need. With my mom by her side.Tenesha went to bed with a　__11.B__ every night.

At the age of 7, Tenesha left us. Her suffering was over. It was a(n) __12.B__ difficult time for us all. However, it was also the best learning experience. We now know that no matter how__13.D__ our sufferings may appear, we have a support system that will overcome it all. This is all because of the __14.A__ person in the world—my mom. When we all felt weak, my mom grew stronger. At a time of__15.C__， my mom grew victorious. She is my heroine!

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的妈妈在面对妹妹Tenesha生重病的情况下，依然能保持坚强，陪伴着女儿，从来没有表现出软弱的迹象，始终担任着家人的支持者。

1．A.record　　　　　　　 B．promote

C．experience　 D．abandon

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些年来，我看到妈妈经历了许多困难，克服了许多改变生活的障碍。 record记录；promote改善； experience经历；abandon抛弃。根据后文“many difficulties and overcome many life changing barriers”结合选项可知，指作者的妈妈经历困难，克服障碍，应用experience。故选C。

2．A.discourage　 B．impress

C．distinguish　 D．possess

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有这些都很容易让没有信心的人气馁。 discourage使气馁，阻止；impress使印象深刻； distinguish区别；possess拥有。结合后文“someone with little faith”以及常识，上文中提到的困难和生活障碍会容易让没有信心的人气馁。故选A。

3．A.disease　 B．missing

C．mistake　 D．passing

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：最困难的挑战是我7岁的妹妹Tenesha去世。 disease疾病；missing错过； mistake错误；passing去世，通过。呼应后文“At the age of 7, Tenesha left us.”作者7岁的妹妹Tenesha去世了。故选D。

4．A.asked　 B．doubted

C．argued　 D．whispered

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Tenesha出生的前三个月，医生都怀疑她能否活到1岁。 ask询问；doubt怀疑； argu争论；whisper低语。结合后文“if she would live to see the age of 1”可知医生怀疑妹妹是否能活到1岁，doubt后跟宾语从句。故选B。

5．A.aimless　 B．priceless

C．countless　 D．meaningless

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管Tenesha无数次的医院探访有时伤害了她，但我妈妈从来没有表现出软弱的迹象。 aimless无目的的；priceless无价的； countless无数的；meaningless无意义的。结合后文“hospital visits hurt her at times”以及上文提到作者的妹妹体弱多病，可推测妹妹要经常去医院，所以是指“无数次的医院探访”。故选C。

6．A.as if　 B．even if

C．once　 D．unless

解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：她的力量总是使Tenesha觉得好像没什么可担心的。 as if好像；even if即使； once一旦； unless除非。引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”应用as if。故选A。

7．A.hesitated　 B．forgot

C．ignored　 D．avoided

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们几乎忘了她病了。 hesitate犹豫；forget忘记； ignore忽视；avoid避免。根据上文“Tenesha to live the life of a regular child”可知在母亲的支持下，妹妹活得像个正常的孩子，所以作者他们几乎忘了她病了。故选B。

8．A.take in　 B．clarify

C．worsen　 D．fall out

解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：不幸的是，在5年的快乐童年之后，情况开始恶化。 take in吸收；clarify澄清； worsen恶化；fall out脱落。根据后文“Tenesha lost sight in her left eye”可知妹妹的病情恶化了。故选C。

9．A.followed　 B．approved

C．caused　 D．accelerated

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Tenesha失去了左眼的视力，接着她的左臂失去了知觉，最终使她的左侧瘫痪。 follow跟随，接着；approve支持； cause造成；accelerate加速。根据后文“by loss of sense in her left arm, eventually leaving her left side paralyzed”可知妹妹先是失去了左眼的视力，紧接着她的左臂失去了知觉，最终使她的左侧瘫痪了。故选A。

10．A.changed　 B．improved

C．lost　 D．quit

解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈辞了工作，照顾她的一切需要。 change改变；improve改善； lose丢失；quit辞职。根据后文“job and attended to her every need”可知为了照顾病情恶化的妹妹，母亲辞掉了工作。故选D。

11．A.wish　 B．smile

C．reward　 D．dream

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：有我妈妈在身边，Tenesha每晚都带着微笑上床睡觉。 wish希望；smile微笑； reward奖励；dream梦想。根据上文“attended to her every need. With my mom by her side, Tenesha went to bed with a”可知有了母亲的陪伴和照顾，妹妹虽然病重，但是每晚都带着微笑上床睡觉。故选B。

12．A.universally　 B．extremely

C．accurately　 D．properly

解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：那对我们所有人来说都是一段极其艰难的时期。 universally普遍的；extremely非常； accurately精确地；properly适当地。根据后文“difficult time for us all”可知亲人过世，对作者他们所有人来说都是一段极其艰难的时期。故选B。

13．A.unstable　 B．unreliable

C．unbelievable　 D．unbearable

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们现在知道，无论我们的痛苦看起来多么难以忍受，我们都有一个支持系统来克服这一切。 unstable不稳定的；unreliable不可靠的； unbelievable难以置信的；unbearable难以忍受的。根据后文“our sufferings may appear”结合上文提到那是一段非常艰难的时期，可推测是说痛苦难以忍受，unbearable符合语境。故选D。

14．A.strongest　 B．wisest

C．healthiest　 D．proudest

解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这都是因为世界上最坚强的人——我的妈妈。strongest最坚强的；wisest最聪明的； healthiest最健康的；proudest最自豪的。呼应后文“When we all felt weak，my mom grew stronger.”指妈妈是世界上最坚强的人。故选A。

15．A.sorrow　 B．tension

C．defeat　 D．separation

解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在挫败时期，我妈妈成长为胜利者。 sorrow悲伤；tension紧张； defeat击败；separation分离。根据后文“my mom grew victorious”结合妈妈照顾生病的妹妹时所表现出的坚强，可知与后文胜利者相呼应的是在他们遭受挫败的时期。故选C。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2021·兰州高三诊断考试)

Ants know when an earthquake is about to strike, researchers have discovered.Their behavior changes significantly prior to the quake and they resume normal functioning only a day after it.Gabriele Berberich of the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany presented these findings on Thursday at the European Geosciences Union annual meeting in Vienna according to Live Sci- ence.

Berberich and her colleagues discovered that red wood ants preferred to build their colonies right along active faults in Germany. They counted 15,000 mounds (土堆) lining the faults.These faults are the places where the earth violently bursts in earthquakes.

Using a special camera that tracked changes in activity, Berberich and her colleagues tracked the ants round the clock for three years. They found that the ants’ behavior changed only when the quake was over magnitude (震级)2.There were 10 earthquakes between magnitude 2.0 and 3.2 during this period，and many smaller ones. Humans can also sense quakes over magnitude 2 only.

According to Berberich, normal ant activity consists of going about collecting food etc.during the day and resting in the night.But before an earthquake，the ants didn’t go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it.This strange and abnormal behavior continued till a day after the earthquake, Berberich told a news conference，according to Live Science.

How do ants know an earthquake is coming? Berberich suggested that they could either be picking up changing gas emissions or noting tiny changes in the Earth’s magnetic fields (磁场)．“Red wood ants have special cells which can detect changes in carbon dioxide levels.They also have special cells for detecting electromagnetic fields，” she said.Berberich and her colleagues are planning to continue the research in areas where there are more and bigger earthquakes.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，蚂蚁能预知地震，原因可能在于蚂蚁体内有能够探测到二氧化碳变化和电磁场的细胞。

1．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “resume” in Paragraph 1？__C__

A．Form.　　 B．Avoid.

C．Recover.　　 D．Improve.

解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Their behavior changes...only a day after it.”和第四段第三句“This strange and abnormal behavior...after the earthquake”可知，“resume”含义与“恢复正常”有关，故选C。

2．What’s the function of the first paragraph？__A__

A．To lead to the main topic.

B．To describe a new species of ant.

C．To introduce a famous researcher.

D．To tell how to predict an earthquake.

解析：推理判断题。本文是一篇有关研究发现的报道，文章第一段第一至二句表明了研究的发现，第二段至最后一段则详细叙述了研究的过程以及对相关问题的分析等。由此可推知，第一段的作用是引入文章话题，故选A。

3．What happens to the ants before an earthquake？__D__

A．They have no appetite.

B．They are too excited to rest.

C．They get lost on their way home.

D．They refuse to go inside their nests.

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“But before an earthquake, the ants didn’t go back to their mound in the night and moved around outside it.”可知，在地震发生前，蚂蚁不肯返回自己的巢穴，故选D。

4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph？__C__

A．Ants can only detect smaller earthquakes.

B．The result of the research is completely reliable.

C．Ants may have two ways to predict earthquakes.

D．Researchers don’t know how ants predict earthquakes.

解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，本段分析的是蚂蚁能预知地震的原因，结合本段第二句的叙述以及后面引用研究者的话可知，蚂蚁可能有两种预知地震的方法——感知二氧化碳的变化与感知电磁场的变化，故选C。

Ⅲ.七选五

(2022·成都市毕业班摸底)

Learning a new language like English can be a challenge. __1.C__ Classes are important，and so is disciplined practice. It can even be fun. Here are some guidelines to help you become a better English learner.

Study every day. Learning any new language is a time-consuming process, more than 300 hours according to some estimates. Rather than try and cram a few hours of review once or twice a week, most experts say short, regular study sessions are more effective.__2.F__

__3.A__ Instead of focusing on one single task for the entire study session, try mixing things up. Study a little grammar, then do a short listening exercise, then perhaps read an article on the same topic. Don’t do too much; 20 minutes on three different exercises is plenty. The variety will keep you engaged and make studying more fun.

Read, watch, and listen. Reading English-language newspapers and books, listening to music, or watching TV can also help you improve your written and verbal comprehension skills. __4.G__

Write it down. Repetition is key as you’re learning English, so writing is a great way to practice.__5.D__ By making a habit of writing，you’ll also find your reading and comprehension skills improved over time. You may even discover you’ve got a talent for writing.

A．Keep things fresh.

B．Play vocabulary and grammar games.

C．But with regular study, it can be done.

D．It doesn’t matter whether you use a computer or pen and paper.

E．Non-native English speakers sometimes struggle with doing so.

F．As little as 30 minutes a day can help you improve your English skills over time.

G．By doing so repeatedly, you’ll absorb things like speech patterns, accents, and grammar.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了成为一名更好的英语学习者的方法和技巧。

解析：

1．考查上下文衔接。根据空前面的“学像英语一样的一门新语言可能是一个挑战”和空后面的“课堂是重要的，有纪律的训练也是重要的”可推知，空处应该会讲到学一门语言其实也没那么难。所以C项符合语境。故选C。

2．考查上下文衔接。本段首句讲到了“每天学习”，空前面讲到了“短时的、有规律的学习更加有效”，因此空处讲到的应该是与学习用时相关的内容。所以F项符合语境。故选F。

3．考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲到了通过做许多不同的事情让学习变得有趣。所以A项“保持事情的新鲜感”符合语境。故选A。

4．考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句讲到了“阅读、观看和聆听”，空前一句也是围绕这三个词展开的，因此空处讲到的应该是这样做的好处。所以G项“通过反复这样做，你将学会言语模式、口音和语法。”符合语境。故选G。

5．考查上下文衔接。本段主旨句讲到了“写下来”，空前讲到了写作是练习的一个很好的方法，因此空处可能会讲到写作工具。因此D项符合语境。故选D。

Ⅳ.语法填空

(2022·武汉市毕业质检)

The history of Chinese characters dates back to ancient times, with a history of at least several thousand years. It is agreed that han zi began   1.as   simple pictures, images that the ancient Chinese people drew, painted, and carved   2.to describe  (describe) nature and their lives.

The   3.oldest  (old) symbols recognizable as Chinese characters are those found on ancient animal bones. These 3000-year-old symbols, jiaguwen,   4.were carved  (carve) on turtle shells or bones of animals, and can give us insight into   5.how   ancient Chinese saw the world around them and into their great creativity.

When you first look at Chinese characters, you will most   6.likely  (like) feel that they are very complicated. About 80% of Chinese characters are composed of smaller   7.parts  (part), which are combined in many different ways to form tens of thousands of hanzi. Fortunately you need to know only about two or three thousand characters for use in   8.daily  (day) life.

Chinese characters and Chinese culture are inseparably linked. China’s writing system forms   9.a   strong bridge linking the Chinese people and culture of the present with   10.those  (that) of the past. As China takes its place in the international community, many international students are studying Chinese and are coming to appreciate China’s impressive culture.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了汉字的历史起源和未来发展。

1．考查介词。句意：人们一致认为，汉字最初是简单的图画和图像，古代中国人民通过绘画以及雕刻图像来描述自然和他们的生活。begin as意为“作为……开始”，为固定搭配。故填as。

2．考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，本句中第二个that引导定语从句，从句中已有谓语动词drew，painted and carved，且与设空处无连词连接，故设空处应填非谓语动词，且此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to describe。

3．考查形容词的最高级。句意：可识别出的最古老的汉字的符号是在古代动物的骨头上发现的。根据空后的“recognizable as Chinese characters”可知，此处表示“可识别出的最古老的汉字的符号”，应用形容词的最高级形式。故填oldest。

4．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：甲骨文，这些有三千年历史的符号，被刻在龟壳或动物的骨头上，可以让我们了解古人看待他们周围世界的方式，以及了解他们伟大的创造力。分析句子成分可知，设空处为谓语动词。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，主语These 3000-year-old symbols是复数形式，且与carve之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填were carved。

5．考查名词性从句。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处表示古人“如何”看待周围的世界。故填how。

6．考查副词。句意：当你第一次看到汉字时，你很可能会觉得它们非常复杂。设空处修饰动词feel，应用副词，表示“可能”。故填likely。

7．考查名词单复数。句意：大约80%的汉字由较小的部分组成，这些小部分以许多不同的方式组合起来，形成成千上万个汉字。根据空前的“About 80% of Chinese characters”可知，组成汉字的小“部分”有很多，且空后which引导的定语从句中，谓语为are combined，则从句主语which指代的内容应为复数概念，设空处为该定语从句的先行词，应用复数形式。故填parts。

8．考查形容词。句意：幸运的是，你只需要知道两三千个汉字就可以在日常生活中使用。life是名词，其前应用形容词修饰，表示“日常的”。故填daily。

9．考查冠词。句意：中国的文字系统构成了一座坚固的桥梁，把现在的中国人及其文化和过去的联系在一起。bridge是可数名词，其前应加冠词，且strong的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。

10．考查代词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处指代空前的“the Chinese people and culture”，应用复数代词。故填those。