(新高考)高考英语一轮复习课时精炼 必修第一册　Unit 4　Natural Disasters (含详解)

必修第一册　Unit 4　Natural Disasters

阅读·提速练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021·江苏镇江八校联考)

Answering the Community Needs of Our City

The Silver City Council recognizes that citizens have certain needs.To better meet your needs，we have made several changes to community facilities in 2014.The following show how we have tried to make your life better.

Transport

☆Three stations for the suburbs have been added to the western train service.

☆20 new buses for the southern line were purchased in January.

☆50 percent of city bus-stops have been upgraded.

Communication

☆Broadband cable is now available to all parts of the city.

☆All of the new Government buildings are smart-wired for better computer service!

Medical Facilities

☆The new state-of-the-art Nightingale Hospital was opened in June.

☆To overcome a shortage of trained medical staff at Dover Hospital,10 doctors have been employed from overseas.

☆Some facilities at Station Street Hospital have been upgraded.

Education

☆Textbooks will be free to all primary students in 2014!

☆Rental for private schools has been reduced.

Protection and Security

☆Extra police now patrol(巡逻) the tourist areas.

☆50 new police officers graduated in July and have taken up duties in the city area.

Entertainment/Recreation

☆The new Central Community Building opened in May.

☆5,000 new fiction books were bought for the Silver City Library.

1．What’s the notice mainly about?

A．The work carried out by the people of Silver City.

B．The facilities available in Silver City.

C．Some improvements in Silver City.

D．Information for interested tourists.

答案　C

解析　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，通告主要是银城议会为了满足市民的需求所做的一些改进措施，主要涉及交通、通信、医疗、教育、安全保障和娱乐等方面。故选C。

2．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Travel books are provided in the new library.

B．More bus lines and stops are bought in Silver City.

C．Free medical treatment is available at Station Street Hospital.

D．There are more police officers on duty now.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据Protection and Security中的“Extra police now patrol(巡逻) the tourist areas.”和“50 new police officers graduated in July and have taken up duties in the city area.”可知，现在有更多的警察值勤。故选D。

3．The public notice is from         .

A．the community

B．the local government

C．the Silver City Library

D．a travel agency

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本通告主要是银城议会为了满足市民的需求所做的一些改进措施，主要涉及交通、通信、医疗、教育、安全保障和娱乐等方面。这些措施只有当地的政府才能保障实施。故选B。

B

(2021·百师联盟联考)

Culture shock is a broad term for the series of personal difficulties that people go through in new places.It’s usually most extreme for those who can’t speak the language of the place they have moved to，or for those who aren’t familiar with the social rules.Both of these things applied to me in China when I moved there in 2011.

So，naturally，I went through the four well-known stages of culture shock：honeymoon，distress(痛苦)，re-integration(重新融入) and autonomy(独立自主)．

When I arrived，I was excited and optimistic，but I quickly became irritated(恼火的) by cultural differences，missing how things worked back home.

By the end of my first year，I had totally lost my self-confidence; I was a bitter，clumsy and sensitive person，and I blamed China for making me that way.

Then，in my second year，I started to pick up some language skills，and I found fun activities to do in my spare time.I made great foreign and Chinese friends，and I developed an interest in Chinese history and culture.

I learned to consider myself a confident and happy laowai.

Today I’m back in the US，where I’m pursuing a PhD at a university in my hometown.It’s been a little tough to readjust to life in my home country.I suffered at first from “reverse” culture shock，experiencing the four stages in the opposite order.

I started out feeling independent and self-confident，before slowly realizing that I knew my country much less well than I used to.I’d complain loudly about little things，like how I could no longer shout “fuwuyuan！” to get a waiter’s attention in a restaurant.

But eventually，I came to realize that what I had thought was that my “home” had become an entirely new place while I’d been away.That，by itself，was exciting.

4．Which of the following least helped the author ease his culture shock in China?

A．By learning the Chinese language.

B．By making local friends.

C．By joining in fun activities.

D．By attending history courses.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第五段中的内容可知，学习汉语、结交当地的朋友、参加有趣的活动，能帮助作者缓解他在中国的文化冲击，让他渐渐对中国历史和文化产生兴趣。文章中没有提到上历史课。故选D项。

5．Which stage of culture shock does Paragraph 4 mainly describe?

A．Distress.   B．Honeymoon.

C．Re-integration.   D．Autonomy.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，作者已经完全失去了自信，觉得自己是一个尖刻、笨拙、敏感的人，并且责怪是中国使他变成那个样子。由此可见，该段描述的是作者处于文化冲击四个阶段中的“distress(痛苦)”这一阶段。故选A项。

6．What does the word “reverse” mean in Paragraph 7?

A．Exchange the position.

B．Stop having a particular position.

C．Change the order of something around.

D．Change the previous decision.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。画线词后面提到“experiencing the four stages in the opposite order(以相反的顺序经历这四个阶段)”由此可以猜测，reverse意思为“反向的，逆向的”。故选A项。

7．When the author went back to the US，what did he do?

A．He moved to a new place with his family.

B．He felt relaxed in a more familiar culture.

C．He missed his life in China very much.

D．He found it difficult to adapt to life there.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“It’s been a little tough to readjust to life in my home country.”可知，当作者回到美国时，他发现很难重新适应那里的生活。故选D项。

C

(2021·八省联考)

In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet.A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change.It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives.Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco­friendly lifestyle choices than, let’s say, 20 years ago.But one question has been on my mind a lot lately：is it better to buy new eco­friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?

After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used.Let me try to explain.

A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint.The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放) of carbon dioxide(CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation.The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole lifecycle of products we use—those related to their production and breakdown.

Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint.Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production.However, for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go with new, energy­saving models.I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory.So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy­saving models.The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.

8．What is the text mainly about?

A．What appliances to buy to save energy.

B．What a carbon footprint means in our life.

C．How to identify different carbon footprints.

D．How to make eco­friendly lifestyle choices.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中“Fortunately，nowadays it is much easier to make eco­friendly lifestyle choices”以及困扰作者的一个问题“is it better to buy new eco­friendly products or used traditionally produced goods？”再根据第二段一整段的内容可知，文章主要是关于怎样选择更环保的生活方式的。故选D。

9．What do we know about the secondary carbon footprint?

A．It is related to our consumption of fuels.

B．It is made when we are buying the products.

C．It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint.

D．It is counted as ours though not directly made by us.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“The secondary footprint is...their production and breakdown.”可知，第二类型的碳足迹虽然不是我们直接产生的，但是也是我们使用的产品释放出来的，也是要归结到我们身上的。故选D。

10．Which of the following helps reduce our carbon footprint according to the author?

A．Using second­hand textbooks.

B．Using old and expensive cars.

C．Buying new but cheap clothes.

D．Buying new wooden furniture.

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中“Things like dishes...to avoid the added production.”可知，盘子、衣服和家具这样的物品属于“第二类型的碳足迹”，所以是越少越好，我们应该注重寻找用过的物品来避免额外的生产。二手书是属于和衣服等可以二次使用的物品，符合题意。故选A。

11．“The footprint” underlined in the last sentence refers to the CO2 produced in         .

A．using the product

B．recycling the product

C．making the product

D．transporting the product

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段画线词所在句可知，footprint在其后定语从句“the product will make once it gets to you”中充当make的宾语，意思是“这种碳足迹就是产品到你手里之后，你使用中所产生的”。由此推知，画线词组the footprint指的是“产品使用过程中产生的二氧化碳”。故选A。

D

(2021·湖北三校联考)

Machines might one day replace human laborers in a number of professions，but surely they won’t ever replace human artists.Right?

Think again.Not even will our artists be safe from the inevitable machine takeover，if a new development in artificial intelligence(AI) by a team of researchers from Rutgers University and Facebook’s AI lab offers a clue of what’s to come.They have designed an AI capable of not only producing art，but actually inventing whole new aesthetic(美学的) styles similar to movements like impressionism or abstract expressionism.The idea，according to researcher Marian Mazzone，is to make art that is “novel，but not too novel”．

The model used in this project involves a generator network，which produces the images，and a discriminator network，which “judges” whether it’s art.Once the generator learns how to produce work that the distributor recognizes as art，it’s given an additional instruction：to produce art that doesn’t match any known aesthetic styles.

“You want to have something really creative and striking—but at the same time not to go too far and make something that isn’t aesthetically pleasing，” explained Ahmed Elgammal.

The art that was generated by the system was then presented to human judges alongside human-produced art without showing which was which.To the researchers’ surprise，the machine-made art scored slightly higher overall than the human-produced art.

Of course，machines can’t yet replace the meaning conveyed in works by human artists，but this project shows that artist skill sets certainly seem reproducible by machines.

What will it take for machines to produce content with meaning? That might be the last AI frontier.Human artists can at least hang their hats in that field for now.

“Imagine having people over for a dinner party and they ask，‘Who is that by？’ And you say，‘Well，it’s a machine actually.’ That would be an interesting conversation starter，” said Kevin Walker.

12．What is implied in the second paragraph?

A．Artists won’t be replaced by AI.

B．AI can produce new styles of art.

C．AI is totally at a loss about impressionism.

D．AI fails to reflect abstract expressionism.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They have designed an AI capable of not only producing art，but actually inventing whole new aesthetic(美学的) styles similar to movements like impressionism or abstract expressionism.”可知，第二段暗含的意思是人工智能能够创造新的艺术风格。

13．What did Marian find in his study?

A．AI can please human judges with its art.

B．AI can combine content with meaning.

C．AI can make art aesthetically unpleasant.

D．AI can create high quality arts.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，Marian发现人工智能可以创造高水平的艺术品，所以选D。

14．What does the underlined phrase “hang their hats” mean?

A．Discover.   B．Hold.

C．Struggle.   D．Appear.

答案　B

解析　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的内容可知，对于机器来说，还需要什么才能生产出有内涵的东西呢？那可能是人工智能最后的未涉及的地方。人类画家至少能够现在待在那里。hang one’s hat意为“住在”，引申为“坚守，坚持”，所以和hold意思吻合。

15．What Kevin said in the last paragraph tells us that         .

A．she uses machines to cook for a party

B．she likes to join in a dinner party

C．she expects the arrival of AI

D．she cares about the starter of a chat

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，她期待人工智能的到来。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021·广东调研)

Taking IT and AI to the People

Putting aside employment prospects(就业前景) and the expectations of my parents，the major I’d most like to study is computer science.

  1  First，I have been interested in computers since I was a child.I like playing games and drawing and editing pictures using computer software，so I think that a computer science major would allow me to build on this interest.Second，I have found that I turn to the Internet when I have a problem that people around me can’t help with.It’s a goldmine(宝库) of answers.

  2  We use the net to shop，chat with friends who live far away，and book tickets and hotel rooms when we travel.The net is so wonderfully convenient that I doubt whether modern life would be possible without it.

If I do study computer science and Internet technology as my major，after college I want to develop artificial intelligence products.They would add convenience to life.  3   They can facilitate our communication so that society can meet people’s demands for higher living standards.

If I could，I’d even like to develop my own games.  4 

However，it’s not easy to qualify for the world of IT.  5   Nevertheless，I am going to put in every effort to achieve the high standard that is required.I firmly believe that one day my dream will be fulfilled.

A．There are a lot of reasons.

B．The Internet has its disadvantages.

C．I would want to improve the various social platforms.

D．What’s more，nowadays the Internet enters every aspect of life.

E．This is why some people around me think that my dream is unrealistic.

F．That’s something that would make me really proud and would add real value to my life.

G．With the Internet，every student is provided with access to the same educational materials.

1．答案　A

解析　上文提到了作者最喜欢计算机专业，本段则主要说明了作者喜欢计算机专业的理由。故A选项“有很多原因”符合语境，故选A。

2．答案　D

解析　本句为本段主旨句，结合后文主要列举了网络在生活各方面的作用，体现了互联网进入了生活的各个方面。故D选项“更重要的是，现在互联网进入了生活的每个方面”符合语境，故选D。

3．答案　C

解析　本段主要讲作者在设想自己从事计算机科学专业后会做的事情，结合后文谈到的促进交流，可推知作者是想要完善社交平台，后文中的They可对应到C选项中social platforms。故C选项“我想完善各种社交平台”符合语境，故选C。

4．答案　F

解析　本句承接上文，说明作者开发自己的游戏带来的结果是让自己非常自豪，为人生增添价值。故F选项“那让我感到非常自豪，也会为我的人生增添真正的价值”符合语境，故选F。

5．答案　E

解析　本句承接上文进一步说明，成为IT界的一员并不容易，故作者身边的人会认为作者的梦想并不现实。故E选项“这就是为什么我周围的一些人认为我的梦想是不现实的”符合语境，故选E。