（新高考）2023版高考英语一轮总复习 练案4 Unit 3 sports and fitness 新人教版必修第一册

必修第一册　UNIT 3　SPORTS AND FITNESS

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2022·长春市质检一)

Recently, scientific research suggests that mental health disorders affect up to 35 percent of top athletes at some stage of their careers. This can range from tiredness and eating disorders to depression and anxiety. The causes can be highly varied, with studies pointing to a range of contributing factors from poor sleep to selection pressures and early retirement due to injury.

American Simone Biles is widely considered to be the greatest gymnast(体操运动员) in the United States. When the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games began, she was expected to win five gold medals. But on July 27th, she pulled out of the team final. She made the choice after having trouble landing after her vault (跳跃) in the competition’s first round. Later she said her mind was not in the right place to let her safely perform the difficult moves she is known for. In other words，her mind was not letting her body do what it needed to do. Cameras caught her telling her trainers during the team final, “I just don’t trust myself.”

Biles is not the only Olympian in recent months to talk about the pressure and mental effects of competing at the highest level. Japanese tennis star Naomi Osaka lost in the second round of Olympic competition. She said she felt extreme pressure to win for Japan, where the Olympics were taking place.

Few coaches and officials in sports have an expert on understanding of mental health and the International Olympic Committee (IOC) also recognizes that there is a great need for practical assessment tools that can be used by medical professionals and anyone looking after athletes to protect athletes’ mental health.

“Mental health issues should be discussed more openly in sport, because athletes are always concerned about selection, and they want to appear as strong as possible，” Scientific Director Dr. Richard Budgett says. “But in the end this may have negative effects, so we need to recognize the symptoms so that athletes can get proper management and help when they need them.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。以东京奥运会美国体操名将Simone Biles 退出团体决赛引出话题，谈论了运动员的心理健康问题，并呼吁相关机构多关注运动员的心理健康并给予帮助。

1．What is the scientific research about？__B__

A．Athletes’ living habits.

B．Athletes’ mental health.

C．Causes of athletes’ injuries.

D．Ways to reduce athletes’ pressure.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Recently，scientific research...of their careers.”可知，本次研究是关于运动员的心理健康。故选B。

2．Why did Simone Biles quit the team final？__A__

A．She was in a bad state of mind.

B．She was badly hurt in the first round.

C．She was not good at the difficult moves.

D．She did not live up to her trainers’ requirements.

解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中讲到的“Later she said her mind... she is known for.”可知，Biles退出团体决赛的原因是她的精神状态不好。故选A。

3．What can be a solution to athletes’ mental health issues according to the IOC？__C__

A．Recognizing the symptoms.

B．Discussing the issues privately.

C．Adopting suitable evaluation tools.

D．Offering professional training to coaches.

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“there is a great need... to protect athletes’ mental health.”可知，可以使用一些实用的评估工具来解决运动员的心理健康问题。故选C。

4．What is the author’s purpose of writing the text？__C__

A．To introduce two outstanding athletes.

B．To warn athletes about the danger of anxiety.

C．To draw people’s attention to athletes’ mental health.

D．To explain the importance of hard training to success.

解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段中的“Mental health issues should be discussed more openly in sport”和“so we need to... when they need them.”可知，本文主要讲到了对运动员心理健康的研究，旨在唤起人们对运动员心理健康的关注。故选C。

B

(2022·河南省大联考高中毕业班阶段性测试二)

36-year-old Juan Dual likes to joke that he’s empty inside. Juan’s story began when he was only 13. It was then that he was diagnosed with a terrible disease, which left him with a 99.8% chance of developing cancer of the digestive system. At age 19, right after finishing high-school, Juan underwent a tough operation to take away his colon and rectum. Sadly, it was only the beginning. By age 28, Juan’s disease had affected his stomach and gallbladder so he had to go under the knife again.

Having just recovered from several serious surgeries, Juan Dual decided to accept the invitation of some friends of his parents and travel to Japan. It was there that things started to change for the better. He didn’t speak a word of Japanese, so he spent most of his time walking his dog. One day, the dog pulled harder, and Juan realized that he was still able to jog, and he started to do just that.

Months later, he found himself working in a small, peaceful town in England. There was little in terms of entertainment, but the town was surrounded by hills, so he devoted even more of his time to running. He befriended some like-minded folks and told them what he’d been through, and they seemed amazed at the fact that he was still alive, let alone that he was pushing himself to exercise. That’s when the idea of focusing on motivating others took root in his mind.

With the help of Pepa, a nutritionist, Juan Dual slowly relearned how to eat to keep his energy level high enough to sustain him during physical activity. Eight months after his last operation, he finished the Barcelona half marathon in two hours. He then started training for mountain running and ultra-marathons.

语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了Juan Dual因为从小患病，身体里很多器官都被摘除了，直到一次在日本旅行时遛狗，他发现自己还能慢跑，于是开始从事体育活动，后来还完成了马拉松比赛。

5．Why does Juan Dual say he is empty inside？__D__

A．Because he has no desire for anything.

B．Because he doesn’t have much knowledge.

C．Because he always suffers from great hunger.

D．Because many of his organs have been removed.

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Juan Dual说他内心空虚因为他的许多器官都被切除了。故选D。

6．What made Juan Dual aware that he could still run？__B__

A．His parents’ support.

B．A walk with his dog.

C．The idea of challenging himself.

D．His quick recovery from surgeries.

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“He didn’t speak a word of Japanese, so he spent most of his time walking his dog. One day, the dog pulled harder, and Juan realized that he was still able to jog, and he started to do just that.”可知，是遛狗让Juan Dual意识到他还能跑。故选B。

7．When did Juan Dual decide to inspire others with his story？__C__

A．After finishing the Barcelona half marathon.

B．After being introduced to a nutritionist named Pepa.

C．After sharing it with his friends in an English town.

D．After making friends with people with similar sufferings.

解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He befriended some like-minded folks and told them what he’d been through, and they seemed amazed at the fact that he was still alive, let alone that he was pushing himself to exercise. That’s when the idea of focusing on motivating others took root in his mind.”可知，在与英国小镇上的朋友分享了他的故事后，Juan Dual决定用他的故事激励其他人。故选C。

8．Which of the following words can best describe Juan Dual？__C__

A．Ambitious and intelligent.

B．Inspiring and responsible.

C．Unfortunate but determined.

D．Confident but stubborn.

解析：推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段可推知，Juan Dual很小的时候就开始生病，并且摘除了很多器官，但是后来他坚持进行体育活动，还完成了马拉松比赛，所以他是个不幸但坚定的人。故选C。

Ⅱ.七选五

(2021·山东滨州市高三期末)

As we all know, in daily life, many people want to get in shape.If you happen to be one of them, where will you get started?

Diet comes first.__1.G__ Health experts have long noted the importance of physical activities.

__2.D__ Physical activity burns calories—the more calories you consume, the easier it is to control or lose your weight.Besides, it helps to reduce the risk of some diseases, including heart disease, stroke and even some kinds of cancer.

Physical activity is also known to increase the release of endorphins, which help people to reduce pain and feel more happy and peaceful as well.__3.F__ Some experts believe it’s the act of exercising itself.Others say it’s the feeling one gets from having met an exercise goal.Either way, the two things work together when it comes to improving one’s emotional health.

So exactly how much exercise do you need to do to gain all of these great health effects? Different people, different ideas.Experts say it is easier than you think—one activity is better than none.__4.E__

To get the most from your exercise plan, you are advised to choose physical activities that you find fun.__5.A__ What you really like, sometimes, outweighs what is popular among the public.

A．It helps to guarantee that you can stay with the program.

B．Keeping a balanced diet contributes a lot to your health.

C．You can release some bad emotions by physical activities.

D．Exercise is a good way for you to maintain physical health.

E．So, if you are not doing anything, now is the time to get started.

F．There is some debate about exactly what causes the release of them.

G．However, diet alone won’t do much good without an exercise plan.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在日常生活中，很多人都想保持身材，文章主要就如何开始体育锻炼提出了一些建议。

解析：

1．根据上文“Diet comes first.”以及后文“Health experts have long noted the importance of physical activities.”可知，上文提到饮食排第一位，后文则提到专家注意到了体育活动的重要性，可知本句与上文构成转折，说明锻炼仅靠饮食是不行的，G选项中diet对应上文中diet。因此G选项符合语境，故选G。

2．根据后文“Physical activity burns calories—the more calories you consume, the easier it is to control or lose your weight.Besides, it helps to reduce the risk of some diseases, including heart disease, stroke and even some kinds of cancer.”可知，后文主要提到了体育活动可以控制体重或减肥、减少一些疾病风险等好处，这些都是运动对保持身体健康的好处，因此D选项符合语境，故选D。

3．根据上文“Physical activity is also known to increase the release of endorphins, which help people to reduce pain and feel more happy and peaceful as well.”可知，上文提到了，体育活动能增加内啡肽的释放，故本句应承接上文说明内啡肽的释放的原因，F选项中the release of them对应上文中the release of endorphins。因此F选项符合语境，故选F。

4．根据上文“So exactly how much exercise do you need to do to gain all of these great health effects? Different people, different ideas.Experts say it is easier than you think—one activity is better than none.可知，上文提到了专家的话“有一项活动总比没有好”，故本句承接上文，说明如果没有从事任何体育运动，那么最好现在开始。因此E选项符合语境，故选E。

5．根据上文“To get the most from your exercise plan, you are advised to choose physical activities that you find fun.”可知，上文提到建议选择自己感兴趣的体育活动，故本句承接上文解释说明这一做法的原因：这有助于保证你能继续参加这个项目。A选项中the program指代上文physical activities that you find fun。因此A选项符合语境，故选A。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2022·辽宁省各校高三第二次联合考试)

In a diving competition, Quan Hongchan from China set the 10m platform final alight with three 10s.

The perfect Quan, only 14 years old，__1.barely__ (bare) made a ripple (涟漪) as she surged (涌动) ahead with a score of 466. 20. Teammate Chen Yuxi won silver, more than 40 points back on 425.40, with Melissa Wu of Australia __2.third__ (three) on 371.40. But the final belonged to Quan, who was thrilled and amazed in equal measure __3.to_take__ (take) an unforgettable diving gold.

It was a fantastic performance from a young but __4.excellent__(excellence) diver who has only recently burst onto the scene but will surely provide some of the impressive images of the Games. __5.The__ hero of Tokyo and new Olympic champion was the star of the show __6.on__ a thrilling afternoon at the Tokyo Aquatics Centre.

Quan spoke after the final about how she had felt in__7.what__ was the most important competition of her life. Yet despite her tender age, it seems that she didn’t feel any pre-finals anxiety. “I __8.am__(be) a little nervous in the competition, but not very, just a little bit.” she said.

Quan also shared how she__9.would_celebrate__(celebrate) her win. She said, “I want to eat a lot of delicious food tonight！” And when __10.asked__(ask) about her favorite food, she said she felt like eating latiao (a popular Chinese spicy snack) the most.

36. barely　　37. third　　38. to take　　39. excellent　　40. The　　41. on42. what　　43. am　　44．would celebrate　　45. asked

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了跳水运动员全红婵在奥运会上的精彩表现以及对她的采访。

解析：

1．考查副词。修饰动词made，应用副词barely，作状语。故填barely。

2．考查数词。此处表示“第三名”，应用序数词third。故填third。

3．考查非谓语动词。句意：但决赛属于全红婵，她获得了一枚难忘的跳水金牌，让人既激动又惊讶。分析句子结构可知，take在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作表语形容词短语thrilled and amazed后的状语，应用不定式。故填to take。

4．考查形容词。修饰后文名词diver应用形容词excellent，作定语。故填excellent。

5．考查冠词。hero此处为特指，应用定冠词。句首单词首字母要大写。故填The。

6．考查介词。结合句意表示“在一个激动人心的下午”，应用介词on。故填on。

7．考查宾语从句。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，因此用what引导。因此填what。

8．考查时态。此处描述比赛时的心情，应用一般现在时。故填am。

9．考查时态。此处主句为一般过去时，从句应用过去相对应的时态，根据句意此处应用过去将来时。故填would celebrate。

10．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，ask在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语she构成被动关系，因此要用过去分词作状语。故填asked。

Ⅳ.应用文写作

(2022·河南省大联考高中毕业班阶段性测试二)

你校将举行英语作文比赛。请你以“Benefits of Exercising Regularly”为题写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：

1．定期运动的好处；

2．你的建议。

注意：1. 词数80左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Benefits of Exercising Regularly

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参考范文：

Benefits of Exercising Regularly

Doing exercise on a regular basis is necessary in our daily life. Everyone benefits from exercising regularly. For one thing, not only can regular exercise help us keep a healthy body weight, sleep better and reduce our health risks, but it can strengthen our bones and muscles as well. For another, exercising regularly helps keep our thinking and judgment sharp as we age. It can also reduce our risk of depression and anxiety.

As far as I’m concerned, we should try every means to spare a certain amount of time for exercise. Only in this way can we stay healthy both physically and mentally.