2022年高考英语一轮复习Module4GreatScientists课后练习含解析外研版必修4

这是一份2022年高考英语一轮复习Module4GreatScientists课后练习含解析外研版必修4，共10页。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The by managed t escape frm the burning huse，but he culdn't escape being punished/punishment (punish)because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.
2．Please keep us infrmed (infrm)f any change f address as sn as pssible.
3．Large quantities f mney have been spent (spend)in bringing up his children s far.
4．His success was a lng stry，but in brief，he succeeded after many failures.
5．In face f increasing energy limits，China needs a majr breakthrugh in mining and explratin.
6．After the earthquake，the electricity supply failed，making (make)the cling system break dwn.
7．Thugh earning (earn)his living by selling fruit，the ld man cntributed much mney t help the peple hit by the disaster.
8．I made it clear t him that he was n lnger welcmed here.
9．The attack is believed t have been carried ut during the early mrning hurs.
10．After his wife was diagnsed with breast cancer，he spent all f his time lking after her.
Ⅱ.选词填空
bring up; bring in; as a result f; earn ne's living
Wang Gang was brn and 1.brught up in a remte muntain village，where peple mainly 2.earned their living by a result f lacking advanced farming technique，they lived a hard life.After new farming technique was 4.brught in, their life was getting better and better.
the key t; carry ut; be knwn fr; be diagnsed with；
Mrs.Green 5.was diagnsed with breast cancer，and went t a dctr wh 6.was knwn fr treating cancers.The dctr 7.carried ut a series f treatments n her，and tld her that 8.the key t recvering rapidly is t have a relaxed mind.Fllwing the dctr's advice，she gradually picked up.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．新老板上台之后我们公司盈利了。
Our cmpany gained prfits after the new bss came t/int pwer．
2．学生们不允许携带手机到教室里。
The students are nt allwed t carry their mbile phnes in the classrm.
3．由于地震，成千上万的人失去了家园。
As a result f the earthquake，thusands f peple lst their hmes.
4．大量记忆单词是提高你英语水平的关键。
Memrizing a large number f wrds is the key t imprving yur English．
5．由于缺乏资金支持，我发现公司很难顺利运转。
Shrt f financial supprt，I fund it difficult t keep the cmpany ging smthly．
6．欧洲的许多机场关闭，造成数千名乘客圣诞节前不能回家。
Many airprts in Eurpe were clsed dwn，stpping thusands f passengers frm returning hme befre Christmas.
Ⅳ.片段写作——用本单元知识完成小作文
B卷 高考题型组合卷
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研) As a kid，Janna Buckley wasn't interested in science—until she had a chance t try it. That happened when she gt a chemistry set as a gift.
“Over the curse f a few weeks，I'd cmpleted every experiment.But in the prcess，I plluted my parent's dining rm carpet and burnt the kitchen wrktp with the spirit burner，”she says.
Nw science is Buckley's jb. She wrks in the Department f Chemistry at the University f Sheffield in England. “I realize，first­hand，hw imprtant it is t have smething r smene t shw yu why science is s great，” she says. Nw the gd news is that citizen science appears.
Citizen science takes the fun f experimenting a step further than Buckley's at­hme experiments. That's because these experiments are real，lking fr nvel answers.
“Cmpared with a ne­ff experiment，what's cl abut citizen science is that students get that this has a purpse，”says Amy Prunuske，wh teaches micrbilgy and immunlgy at a medical cllege. “Students want t d a gd jb，because they knw scientists are ging t use the new data in their wn research.”
Jennifer Lng's jb is t crdinate (协调) educatin and utreach.She agrees with Prunuske. “Kids like that it's real.And they like that it's imprtant，and that it matters.”Citizen science prjects have made big discveries. One fund a previusly unknwn galaxy cluster (星系团). Anther prject helped assess hw much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan.And ne f the first citizen science prjects helped scientists learn where mnarch butterflies g every winter.
Sme adults wrry abut teens lsing interest in science.They hpe that fun，exciting citizen science prjects can help them keep engaged，Lng says. And she has sme evidence that it's wrking.“Last year，we did have a cuple f students say，‘I really think I want t be a scientist nw'.”
文章大意：文章主要介绍了公众科学的用处——它寻找新的解决方法并让学生们爱上科学。
1．What is the purpse f Paragraph 2?
A．T shw experiments can make teens interested in science.
B．T prve failure is the mther f success in science.
C．T state that Buckley has a talent fr science.
D．T praise Buckley fr her strng will.
解析：A 考查推理判断。第一段第一句表述Buckley小时候在没尝试之前对科学不感兴趣；根据第三段中的“Nw science is Buckley's jb. She wrks in the Department f Chemistry at the University f Sheffield in England.”可知，Buckley成功进入科学领域。结合第二段内容可知，在得到了实验工具后，Buckley完成了每一个实验。据此可推知，第二段旨在表明青少年进行实验能让他们对科学感兴趣，故A项正确。
2．Why is citizen science mre fun?
A．Because it needs t seek fr new slutins.
B．Because it carries ut experiments frequently.
C．Because it must carry ut experiments in grups.
D．Because it is suppsed t handle cmplex prblems.
解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“That's because these experiments are real，lking fr nvel answers.”可知，这是因为这些实验是真实的，在寻找新奇的解决方法。据此可知，公众科学更有趣的是它需要寻找新的解决方法，故A项正确。
3．What can we knw frm what Prunuske said?
A．She participated in the experiment.
B．She tk pride in what students tk up.
C．Citizen science is ppular with students.
D．Scientists are willing t emply students.
解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第五段第一句中Prunuske所说的话“Cmpared with a ne­ff experiment，what's cl abut citizen science is that students get that this has a purpse”可知，与一次性的实验相比，公众科学很棒，学生们明白这是有用途的；据此可推知，公众科学受到学生们的欢迎，故C项正确。
4．What is Lng's attitude twards citizen science?
A．Cncerned. B．Supprtive.
C．Dubtful. D．Unclear.
解析：B 考查观点态度。根据尾段内容可知，Lng有证据证明公众科学是有效的，因为有学生说现在想要成为一名科学家。据此可推知，Lng对公众科学持支持的态度，故B项正确。
【词汇积累】 in/ver the curse f...在……期间，在……的时候 wrktp n．(厨房的)操作台 spirit n．工业酒精
at­hme adj.在家里进行(或发生)的 ne­ff adj.一次性的 utreach n．外展服务，扩大范围的服务
B
(2020·石家庄市高三摸底) Yur circle f friends may help yu get a better reading n yur verall health and wellness rather than just using wearable devices such as a Fitbit，accrding t researchers.
The study，published in the jurnal PLOS ONE，analyzed what the structure f the scial netwrk says abut the state f health，happiness and stress.
“We were interested in the tplgy (拓扑学) f the scial netwrk—what my psitin within my scial netwrk predicts abut my health and well­being，” said Nitesh V Chawla，a prfessr at the University f Ntre Dame.
“What we fund was that the scial netwrk structure prvides a significant imprvement in predictability f the wellness state f an individual ver just using the data btained frm wearable devices，like the number f steps r the heart rate，” Chawla said.
Fr the study，participants wre a Fitbit t capture health behavir data abut walking，sleeping，the heart rate and the verall activity level. They als cmpleted surveys and self­assessment f their stress，happiness and psitivity.
Chawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine learning mdel，alngside the characteristics f an individual's scial netwrk.
The study shwed a strng crrelatin (相关性) between scial netwrk structures and the heart rate，the number f steps and the level f activity.
The scial netwrk structure prvided a significant imprvement in predicting ne's health and well­being cmpared t just lking at health behavir data frm the Fitbit alne.
Fr example，when the scial netwrk structure is cmbined with the data frm wearable devices，the machine learning mdel achieved a 65 percent imprvement in predicting happiness.
The mdel als achieved a 54 percent imprvement in predicting ne's self­assessed health predictin，a 55 percent imprvement in predicting the psitive attitude and a 38 percent imprvement in predicting success.
This study asserts (断言) that withut scial netwrk infrmatin，we nly have an incmplete view f an individual's wellness state. T be fully predictive，it is critical t be aware f the scial netwrk，Chawla said.
文章大意：研究发现，比起仅仅通过设备去掌握自己的健康状况，结合社交网络结构能让人们更好地了解自己的健康状况。不通过社交网络信息评价一个人的健康状况是不全面的。
5．What did the study find?
A．Hw peple chse their friend circles.
B．What factrs decide yur friend circles.
C．Hw yur circle f friends influences yu.
D．What yur circle f friends says abut yur health.
解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容可知，研究人员说，朋友圈有助于人们更好地了解自己的健康状况；再结合第二段的内容可知，D项正确。
6．Hw did the researchers draw their cnclusins?
A．By cmparing data.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing cause and effect.
D．By describing persnal experiences.
解析：A 考查推理判断。倒数第二段和倒数第三段都给出了数据来说明设备结合社交网络结构能更好地预测人的健康等其他方面。据此可推知，研究人员是通过比较数据的方法得出结论的，故A项正确。
7．What des the underlined wrd “critical” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Easy. B．Cmmn.
C．Imprtant. D．Challenging.
解析：C 考查词义猜测。根据尾段第一句可知，如果没有社交网络信息，我们对人的健康状况的了解是不全面的；结合语境可知，画线词所在句表示要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可知，C项正确。
8．What d Chawla's wrds in the last paragraph tell us?
A．Hw fitness devices can be cnnected with yur circle f friends.
B．A persn's scial netwrk is part f his health picture.
C．The best ways t make friends and keep a healthy scial circle.
D．Wearable devices are nt useful fr understanding smene's health.
解析：B 考查推理判断。根据尾段中Chawla所说的话可知，要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可推知，个人的社交网络是描述一个人的健康状况的一部分，故B项正确。
【词汇积累】 reading n．理解 wellness n．健康 wearable adj.可穿戴的 imprvement n．改进处 self­assessment n．自我评估(或评价) incmplete adj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·安徽省部分重点校高三联考) Yu prbably think f fd pisning as smething that yu might pick up at a greasy spn r an utdr barbecue stand.1. The way yu handle fd in yur wn kitchen—which，unlike a restaurant，desn't have t cnfrm t health regulatins—can just as easily make yu sick. Here are sme mst verlked fd safety guidelines.
Wash yur hands prperly.
This might seem like the mst bvius fd safety practice.Hwever，mst peple dn't bther t d it. And the minrity that des wash desn't d it prperly—which might be even mre dangerus，because they think they're prtecting themselves and their families，when they aren't. 2.
3．
Chances are yu've prbably taken a bite f smething in the fridge that's just a bit past the expiratin date，in an effrt t see if it's safe t eat the rest f it.If it's gne dangerusly bad，it shuld taste extremely unpleasant，right? 4. Accrding t the United States Department f Agriculture，there is ne type f bacteria which typically desn't alter the taste，smell r appearance f fd.
Wash fruit and veggies，even if yu're ging t peel(削皮)them.
5． The prblem is that when yu cut away the unwashed skin and then use the same knife t cut up what's underneath that，yu actually may be spreading bacteria frm the utside t the previusly pristine inside. In fact，yu can cntaminate(弄脏)the veggies further if yur salad bwl r sink is nt clean.
A．Nt necessarily.
B．Better safe than srry.
C．Dn't taste fd t see if it's gd.
D. Hwever yu wash yur hands，at least wash them.
E．Why wash them when yu are nt ging t eat the skin?
F．But thse aren't the nly places yu might get fd pisning.
G．Yu are suppsed t wet yur hands with running water，apply sap and wash fr at least 20 secnds.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了在我们日常生活中一些被忽视的食物安全指南，包括正确地洗手、削皮前也要洗水果和蔬菜等。
1．解析：F 空前一句是说你可能认为在低级餐馆或户外烧烤摊你可能会食物中毒，空后一句是说你在自己厨房里处理食物的方式也容易使你生病，故F项符合语境。
2．解析：G 根据该段的标题Wash yur hands prperly.可知，该段是讲正确洗手的内容，故G项“你应该用流动的水弄湿你的手，涂上肥皂，至少洗20秒”与此处匹配。
3．解析：C 此处为该段的标题。根据本段内容可知，食物的味道、气味或外观即使没有变化，过了保质期的食物并不一定可以安全食用，故C项“不要品尝食物以确认其是否是好的”总结该段内容。
4．解析：A 根据语境可知，空处应是对前一句问句的回答，空后一句是说有一种细菌不会改变食物的味道、气味或外观，故A项符合语境。
5．解析：E 根据该段标题可知，该段讲的是水果和蔬菜去皮前要清洗的内容，结合空后一句的内容可知，E项符合语境，故选E。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Fr a lng time bats 1. (be) ne f the mst fearful creatures in the animal kingdm. Many pp culture assciatins with them are 2. (relate) t vampires(吸血鬼). Thugh these assciatins are cmplete misunderstandings，bats d have a dark side as a 3. (danger) disease vectr (介体). S there is gd reasn t be exceptinally cautius if yu cme int cntact with bats. Hwever，the fact is 4. bats play a significant rle in keeping a balanced ecsystem.
Many rganic farmers have learned abut the benefits f 5. (have) bats nearby t help manage the amunt f pests that shw up withut pesticides. One brwn bat—abut 6. size f a human thumb—can cnsume abut 600 msquites and ther unwanted insects within an hur. They make fr a fantastic，almst essential 7. (add) t pest management n any farm.
Even large gvernment rganizatins have realized the ecnmic benefits f bats. The United States Gelgical Survey estimates that bats' cntributins 8. pest management save the cuntry 9. (rugh) 3.7 billin dllars per year. Withut them，we wuld likely experience a dramatic drp in fd prductin，which wuld eventually make 10. (it) way int ur weekly grcery bills.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了蝙蝠在保持生态平衡及经济方面的重要作用。
1．解析：have been 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：很长一段时间以来，蝙蝠一直是动物王国里最可怕的动物之一。根据该句中的“Fr a lng time”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为bats，所以填have been。
2．解析：related 考查固定搭配。句意：许多关于它们的流行文化与吸血鬼有关。be related t意为“与……有关”，故填related。
3．解析：dangerus 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerus。
4．解析：that 考查连接词。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，所以填that。
5．解析：having 考查动名词。此处表示许多实行有机栽培的农民已经了解到(农场)附近有蝙蝠的好处。根据空前的介词“f”可知，此处用having。
6．解析：the 考查冠词。此处表示一只大约人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。the size f意为“……的大小”，为固定用法，所以填the。
7．解析：additin 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“essential”并结合语境可知，此处用名词additin“添加物”。
8．解析：t 考查介词。此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献，所以填介词t。
9．解析：rughly 考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献为美国每年节省大约37亿美元。分析句子可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰数词。rughly意为“大约，差不多”。
10．解析：its 考查代词。句意：如果没有它们，我们可能会遭受食物产量急剧下降，这最终会影响到我们每周的食品杂货账单。根据空后的名词“way”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its。完成片段作文
词汇句式升级
①Alexander Fleming was brn in Sctland and brught up (抚养长大) by his mther and his elder brther.With their help，he gt educated (接受教育)in a medical schl in Lndn.In 1906，he graduated frm this schl (从该校毕业)as a tp student.After that he made great cntributins t medical science，but it was his discvery f penicillin that made him earn life­lng hnr (使他获得了终生的荣誉).②He was famus fr this achievement，and because f it he received a Nbel Prize.It was clear that (很显然)Fleming is ne f the gd scientists in histry.
1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词
(1)help→supprt
(2)famus→knwn
(3)gd→brilliant
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用分词作状语升级句①
Alexander Flaming was brn in Sctland，brught up by his mther and his elder brther.
(2)用“介词＋which”非限制性定语从句升级句②
He was knwn fr this achievement，fr which he received a Nbel Prize.
语篇类型
说明文
主题语境
人与社会——科学与技术——公众科学
语篇类型
说明文
主题语境
人与社会——研究发现——社交网络结构与健康
语篇类型
说明文
主题语境
人与社会——食物安全——最容易被忽视的食物安全指南
语篇类型
说明文
主题语境
人与自然——人与动物——蝙蝠的作用