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2022年高考英语一轮复习Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina课后练习含解析外研版必修3
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这是一份2022年高考英语一轮复习Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina课后练习含解析外研版必修3，共11页。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Hw lng d yu think the tw cuntries will be at war with each ther?
2．He rdered all the students t wear (wear)their special clthes during the military training.
3．Learning t read and write pens the dr t a better jb and better living cnditins (cnditin).
4．Nw I have tw children，and I'd like t think we are bringing them up in the same way that Dad raised me.
5．Finally he reached a lnely island which/that was cmpletely cut ff frm the utside wrld.
6．He brught (bring) up his daughter in great strictness.
7．Peple under stress tend t express their full range f ptential.
8．The reasn why he died yung was that he paid n attentin t his health.
9．There was a time when things were rugh，but I managed t survive that perid.
10．Nbdy knws why Jack resigned frm ffice，fr he did a gd jb in the cmpany.
Ⅱ.选词填空
agree with; becme interested in; fr the first time; mre than
Li Hua 1.became interested in English when he began t learn it 2.fr the first time．Nw he has learned 3.mre than 3，000 English wrds，and nce gt the first prize in an English cmpetitin.I 4.agree with his pinin that interest is the best mtivatin.
be at war with; bring up; a sense f respnsibility; be prud f
He used t 5.be prud f his hmetwn，a beautiful village where he was brn and 6.brught up．Nw his cuntry 7.is at war with its neighbring cuntry，s he has t leave his hmetwn fr a living.Althugh he is a man with 8.a sense f respnsibility，he is at a lss what t d fr his hmetwn.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．毫无疑问，不是她所说的话，而是她说话的方式伤害了布鲁斯。
There is n dubt that it was nt what she said but the way(that/in which)she spke t Bruce that hurt him.
2．北京人口比济南人口多得多。
The ppulatin f Beijing is much larger than that f Jinan．
3．你绝不应该放弃你的梦想。
On n cnditin shuld yu give up yur dream.
4．那是一段我们中国人不得不使用国外进口石油的时期。
That was a time when we Chinese had t use il imprted frm freign cuntries.
5．医生要求我休息一个月。
The dctr rdered that I(shuld)take a rest fr a mnth.
6．事实上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁是无与伦比的。
In fact，when it cmes t the art f war，ants have n equal/are withut equal．
Ⅳ.片段写作——用本单元知识完成小作文
B卷 高考题型组合卷
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·广州市高三调研) If yu'll be taking vacatin time in the cming year and plan n flying，here are sme useful tips fr buying a cheap ticket.
When t buy
If yu're ging t buy tickets fr dmestic flights，check prices n Tuesday afternns.This is an ld tip but still useful because mst cntinue t release sales n Tuesday mrning，and cmpetitrs quickly drp their fares t match the better deals.
When t fly
Weekdays cntinue t be generally cheaper times t fly than weekends fr mst flights.In the U．S.，the cheapest days are typically Tuesday，Wednesday and Saturday.A gd itinerary(旅行计划)fr the expensive U．S.spring break travel perid is scheduled frm Tuesday t Saturday；it will save yu mney (in mst cases).
Where t fly
We cntinue t see gd deals t Bstn and Denver and mre and mre nice prices t Chicag，Seattle and Washingtn， fr Eurpe，there have been surprising deals thrughut the fall and thse will cntinue int the winter.
Direct flights VS cnnecting flights
Cmpare the price f direct flights with that f cnnecting flights.Smetimes adding a stp t yur rute will save yu mney，and it might be enugh t endure the extra lng flying day.An example：San Francisc t Raleigh: $553 fr a direct flight, $362 with ne stp.
Yu'd better think twice abut the direct flight fr San Francisc t Raleigh.
Cmpare，cmpare，cmpare
Stifle the impulse t g t yur favrite airline site t purchase tickets withut ding any cmparisn.Example：Let's say yu want t fly frm New Yrk t Lndn and figure yur favrite U．S.legacy carrier will get yu there fr the best price—$554 fr a rund trip.
Hwever，the cmparisn site als shws a cheaper flight frm the same legacy carrier ($521).See what yu're missing when yu fail t d cmparisn?
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。本文为乘飞机旅行的游客提供了一些有用的购买便宜机票的建议，包括注意购买的时间、出行时间、旅行目的地等。
1．When can yu pssibly find the best price fr flights within the U．S.?
A．On Mnday mrning.
B．On Thursday afternn.
C．On Tuesday mrning.
D．On Sunday mrning.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据When t fly部分的第二句可知，在美国，买机票最便宜的日子通常是星期二、星期三和星期六，故C项正确。
2．What des the underlined phrase “Stifle the impulse” prbably mean?
A．Feel free t d smething.
B．Suppress the desire t d smething.
C．Get well prepared fr smething.
D．Make a quick decisin n smething.
解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据画线短语所在部分的小标题可知，该部分是建议游客买机票时要做比较，并结合画线短语所在句可知，此句是说抑制住你不做任何比较就去你最喜欢的航空公司网站买机票的冲动。B项意为“抑制住做某事的欲望”，故B项符合文意。
3．Wh is the text intended fr?
A．Thse wh usually chse first class fr their flights.
B．Thse wh want t find suggestins n where t fly.
C．Thse wh are travelling during the spring break.
D．Thse wh are lking fr the best airline ticket prices.
解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，如果你明年要休假并打算乘飞机旅行，这里有一些有用的购买便宜机票的建议，故可推知，本文是写给那些寻找最佳机票价格的人，故D项正确。
B
(2020·武汉市高中质量检测) Fr several decades，there has been an extensive and rganized campaign intended t generate distrust in science，funded by thse whse interests and idelgies are threatened by the findings f mdern science. In respnse，scientists have tended t stress the success f science. After all，scientists have been right abut mst things.
Stressing successes isn't wrng，but fr many peple it's nt persuasive. An alternative answer t the questin “Why trust science？” is that scientists use the scalled scientific methd.If yu've gt a high schl science textbk lying arund，yu'll prbably find that answer in it. But what is typically thught t be the scientific methd—develp a hypthesis(假设)，then design an experiment t test it—isn't what scientists actually d. Science is dynamic: new methds get invented；ld nes get abandned；and smetimes，scientists can be fund ding many different things.
If there is n identifiable scientific methd，then what is the reasn fr trust in science? The answer is hw thse claims are evaluated. The cmmn element in mdern science，regardless f the specific field r the particular methds being used，is the strict scrutiny (认真彻底的审查) f claims. It's this tugh，sustained prcess that wrks t make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gne thrugh a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field wh have bth the right and the bligatin (责任) t find faults.
A key aspect f scientific judgment is that it is dne cllectively. N claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dzens，if nt hundreds，f heads. In areas that have been cntested，like climate science and vaccine safety，it's thusands. This is why we are generally justified in nt wrrying t much if a single scientist，even a very famus ne，disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science—the mre peple lking at a claim frm different angles—is imprtant.
Des this prcess ever g wrng? Of curse. Scientists are humans. There is always the pssibility f revising a claim n the basis f new evidence. Sme peple argue that we shuld nt trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds”．While examples f truly settled science being verturned are far fewer，they d exist. But the beauty f this scientific prcess is that it explains what might therwise appear paradxical(自相矛盾的)：that science prduces bth nvelty and stability. Scientists d change their minds in the face f new evidence，but this is a strength f science，nt a weakness.
文章大意：尽管在过去的几十年有人质疑科学，但科学以其动态的研究方法、严格的审查制度、集体的智慧论断和与时俱进的态度值得人们信任。
4．Hw des the authr think f the scientific methd?
A．Stable. B．Unreliable.
C．Dynamic. D．Unrealistic.
解析：C 考查观点态度。根据第二段中的“Science is dynamic：new methds get invented；ld nes get abandned”可知，作者认为科学方法在不断更新，是处于动态变化中的，故选C。
5．What des the underlined wrd “vetted” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Explained. B．Examined.
C．Repeated. D．Released.
解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第三段尾句可知，一个科学论断在被接受为正确的之前要经历漫长的“同行评审”，并结合第四段第一句可推知，画线词所在句表示科学论断只有在经过很多人审查之后才能被接受，由此可推知，画线词的含义与B项词义最为接近，故选B。
6．Accrding t the passage，the authr may agree that ．
A．it is nt persuasive t reject thse faulty claims
B．settled science tends t be cllectively verturned
C．a leading expert cannt play a decisive rle in scrutiny
D．diversity in knwledge is the cmmn element in science
解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“This is why we are generally justified in nt wrrying t much if a single scientist，even a very famus ne，disagrees with the claim.”可推知，单个知名科学家在科学论断的审查过程中并不能发挥决定性的作用，故选C。
7．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Put Yur Faith in Science
B．Defend the Truth in Science
C．Apply Yur Mind t Science
D．Explre a Dynamic Way t Science
解析：A 考查标题判断。作者在第一段以过去几十年人们对科学的怀疑引出话题，随即表明了论点“scientists have been right abut mst things”，接着第二至五段提出论据支撑了这一论点，以此来呼吁人们要信任科学，所以A选项最适合作文章标题。
【词汇积累】 generate v．产生，引起 idelgy n．意识形态 in respnse作为回应 dynamic adj.动态的 identify v．确认，认出→identifiable adj.可识别的 fault n．过错→faulty adj.错误的 length n．长度→lengthy adj.漫长的，冗长的 be justified in ding sth.做某事有正当理由的 n the basis f sth.因为某事物，在某事物的基础上 verturn v．推翻
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·石家庄高三摸底) During his freshman year at Clumbia University，Sanfrd Greenberg std n campus with his classmate Arthur Garfunkel.“Sanfrd，lk at the 1 ．Yu see the clrs? The shapes？”Arthur asked.Sanfrd was 2 ，because ther guys talked abut trips and sprts，but Arthur wanted t talk abut grass.
Was there a 3 guy n campus than Sanfrd? Here he was，a pr kid frm Buffal，New Yrk n a full schlarship，taking classes frm masters such as physicist Len Lederman and pet Mark Van Dren.
But in 1960，Sanfrd's frtunes 4 ．He was playing baseball when suddenly he culdn't 5 very clearly.He had t 6 n the grass until his eyesight returned.At first he didn't believe it was anything 7 ．
But when Sanfrd went back t Buffal， 8 there tld him he had a very serius eye disease.They perated n his eyes，hut he was still ging 9 ．He was s sad that he 10 t meet anyne frm cllege.
Hwever，Arthur 11 Sanfrd t g back t study at Clumbia.In September 1961，Sanfrd returned t campus.But he was 12 abut getting arund alne and depended n Arthur t help him.
Then，ne afternn，Sanfrd and Arthur went t Manhattan.When it was time t g back t the 13 ，Arthur said he had an imprtant meeting and culdn't g with Sanfrd.They 14 fr the first time，and Arthur walked ff，leaving Sanfrd alne.It tk Sanfrd a lng time t get back t schl.But as he arrived at the university gate，smene almst 15 him.
“Srry，sir.”
Sanfrd knew the 16 ．It was Arthur's.Sanfrd was angry at first，but then he 17 what Arthur had dne.
“It was ne f the mst 18 ideas，”Sanfrd said.“Arthur，f curse，had been 19 me the whle way.”
After graduatin with greater 20 than thers，Sanfrd gt his MBA frm Clumbia and a Harvard and went n t becme a successful inventr and businessman.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。桑福德在上大学期间突然患上了严重的眼疾，之后他拒绝见大学的任何人；后来在朋友亚瑟的鼓励下，他重新回到校园学习。但回校后，他不敢独自一人出行，而是依赖亚瑟的帮助。有一次，亚瑟想出了一个主意，让桑福德能独自走回学校。结果证明亚瑟的主意很有用。后来桑福德成了一名成功的发明家和商人。
1．A.cluds B．grass
C．trees D．baseball
解析：B 根据下文中的“Arthur wanted t talk abut grass”可知，亚瑟想要谈论的是草；据此可知，他让桑福德看草。
2．A.excited B．disappinted
C．surprised D．wrried
解析：C 空后表述其他人都在谈论旅行和运动，而亚瑟却想谈论草，据此可推知，这让桑福德觉得很奇怪。surprised“觉得奇怪的”。
3．A.luckier B．friendlier
C．smarter D．kinder
解析：A 根据空后一句可知，桑福德是一个来自纽约州布法罗的穷孩子，但拿着全额奖学金，上着大师们的课。据此可知，此处表示“还有比桑福德更幸运的人吗？”。
4．A.imprved B．remained
C．arrived D．changed
解析：D 根据上文表述的桑福德很幸运和下文表述的桑福德患上了严重的眼疾可推知，此处表示桑福德的命运发生了改变。
5．A.hear B．smell
C．see D．speak
解析：C 根据下文中的“until his eyesight returned”可知，在打棒球时，桑福德突然看不清东西了，他只好躺在草地上，直到视力恢复。
6．A.lie dwn B．jump up
C．walk away D．run alng
解析：A 参见上题解析。A项意为“躺下”，故A项正确。
7．A.difficult B．serius
C．new D．usual
解析：B 根据下文中的“But”“a very serius eye disease”，并结合该句中的“At first he didn't believe”可知，开始他认为这不是什么严重的问题。
8．A.teachers B．friends
C．relatives D．dctrs
解析：D 根据语境并结合常识可知，当桑福德回到布法罗的时候，那里的医生告诉他，他得了一种非常严重的眼疾。
9．A.blind B．deaf
C．wrng D．crazy
解析：A 根据语境和空后一句表述的他如此难过以至于他拒绝(refused)见大学的人可知，尽管他的眼睛进行了手术，但是他还是会失明(blind)。
10．A.planned B．frgt
C．refused D．wished
解析：C 参见上题解析。
11．A.reminded B．persuaded
C．frced D．allwed
解析：B 根据下文中的“Sanfrd returned t campus”可知，亚瑟说服桑福德重新回到哥伦比亚大学学习。persuade sb.t d sth.为固定用法，意为“说服某人做某事”，故B项正确。
12．A.certain B．angry
C．nervus D．calm
解析：C 根据该句中的“depended n Arthur t help him”可知，桑福德虽然重返校园，但由于严重的眼疾，他不敢自己一个人出去，所以他得依赖亚瑟的帮助。C项意为“惶恐的”，故C项正确。
13．A.campus B．hspital
C．statin D．cmpany
解析：A 根据语境和下文中的“he arrived at the university gate”可知，一天下午，桑福德和亚瑟去了曼哈顿，当该回校园时，亚瑟却说他有一个重要的会议要参加，不能和桑福德一起回去了。
14．A.agreed B．estimated
C．discussed D．argued
解析：D 根据该句中的“Arthur walked ff，leaving Sanfrd alne”可知，他们第一次发生争吵，亚瑟愤然离去，留桑福德独自一人。
15．A.shuted at B．kncked dwn
C．lked fr D．laughed at
解析：B 根据下文中的“Srry，sir”可推知，在桑福德到校门口时，有人差点把他撞倒。B项意为“撞倒”，故B项正确。
16．A.lk B．figure
C．vice D．gesture
解析：C 根据上文中的“Srry，sir”可知，有人对他说“对不起，先生”；据此可推知，桑福德知道那是亚瑟的声音。
17．A.dubted B．realized
C．believed D．wndered
解析：B 根据语境可知，桑福德一开始感到恼怒，但是他随后理解了亚瑟所做的一切。
18．A.annying B．awful
C．useless D．brilliant
解析：D 根据语境和上文中的“Sanfrd was angry at first，but then he what Arthur had dne.”可知，桑福德说亚瑟让他独自回学校是一个绝妙的(brilliant)主意。
19．A.misleading B．shwing
C．guiding D．fllwing
解析：D 根据语境可知，亚瑟一路跟着桑福德。D项意为“跟着”，故D项正确。A项意为“误导”，C项意为“指引，指导”，都与语境不符。
20．A.effrts B．lss
C．burden D．failure
解析：A 根据语境并结合上文描述的桑福德患了严重的眼疾可知，付出了比别人更多的努力之后，桑福德获得了哥伦比亚大学的工商管理学硕士学位、哈佛大学的博士学位，而且成了一位成功的发明家和商人。
完成片段作文
词汇句式升级
①I knw that yu like Chinese histry，and I eq \(□,\s\up1(1)) am prud f it (对此觉得很自豪).There are a lt f eq \(□,\s\up1(2)) philsphers，thinkers and inventrs (哲学家、思想家和发明家)in ancient China.②As far as I'm cncerned，my favurite figure in Chinese histry is Zhang Heng，because he was an excellent inventr.Brn in 78 AD，he was raised in a big family.During his life，he had eq \(□,\s\up1(3)) many influential inventins (许多具有影响力的发明)，including the famus seismgraph.In cnclusin he eq \(□,\s\up1(4)) made great cntributins t (做出巨大的贡献)the develpment f science and human sciety.
1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词
(1)like→are interested in
(2)excellent→unequaled
(3)raised→brught up
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用分词作状语改写句①
Knwing that yu are interested in Chinese histry，I am prud f it.
(2)用the reasn that...改写句②
As far as I'm cncerned，the reasn why my favurite figure in Chinese histry is Zhang Heng is that he was an unequaled inventr.
语篇类型
应用文
主题语境
人与社会——社会生活——买机票的建议
语篇类型
议论文
主题语境
人与社会——科学——科学是值得信任的
语篇类型
记叙文
主题语境
人与自我——个人经历——朋友的帮助
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Hw lng d yu think the tw cuntries will be at war with each ther?
2．He rdered all the students t wear (wear)their special clthes during the military training.
3．Learning t read and write pens the dr t a better jb and better living cnditins (cnditin).
4．Nw I have tw children，and I'd like t think we are bringing them up in the same way that Dad raised me.
5．Finally he reached a lnely island which/that was cmpletely cut ff frm the utside wrld.
6．He brught (bring) up his daughter in great strictness.
7．Peple under stress tend t express their full range f ptential.
8．The reasn why he died yung was that he paid n attentin t his health.
9．There was a time when things were rugh，but I managed t survive that perid.
10．Nbdy knws why Jack resigned frm ffice，fr he did a gd jb in the cmpany.
Ⅱ.选词填空
agree with; becme interested in; fr the first time; mre than
Li Hua 1.became interested in English when he began t learn it 2.fr the first time．Nw he has learned 3.mre than 3，000 English wrds，and nce gt the first prize in an English cmpetitin.I 4.agree with his pinin that interest is the best mtivatin.
be at war with; bring up; a sense f respnsibility; be prud f
He used t 5.be prud f his hmetwn，a beautiful village where he was brn and 6.brught up．Nw his cuntry 7.is at war with its neighbring cuntry，s he has t leave his hmetwn fr a living.Althugh he is a man with 8.a sense f respnsibility，he is at a lss what t d fr his hmetwn.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．毫无疑问，不是她所说的话，而是她说话的方式伤害了布鲁斯。
There is n dubt that it was nt what she said but the way(that/in which)she spke t Bruce that hurt him.
2．北京人口比济南人口多得多。
The ppulatin f Beijing is much larger than that f Jinan．
3．你绝不应该放弃你的梦想。
On n cnditin shuld yu give up yur dream.
4．那是一段我们中国人不得不使用国外进口石油的时期。
That was a time when we Chinese had t use il imprted frm freign cuntries.
5．医生要求我休息一个月。
The dctr rdered that I(shuld)take a rest fr a mnth.
6．事实上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁是无与伦比的。
In fact，when it cmes t the art f war，ants have n equal/are withut equal．
Ⅳ.片段写作——用本单元知识完成小作文
B卷 高考题型组合卷
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·广州市高三调研) If yu'll be taking vacatin time in the cming year and plan n flying，here are sme useful tips fr buying a cheap ticket.
When t buy
If yu're ging t buy tickets fr dmestic flights，check prices n Tuesday afternns.This is an ld tip but still useful because mst cntinue t release sales n Tuesday mrning，and cmpetitrs quickly drp their fares t match the better deals.
When t fly
Weekdays cntinue t be generally cheaper times t fly than weekends fr mst flights.In the U．S.，the cheapest days are typically Tuesday，Wednesday and Saturday.A gd itinerary(旅行计划)fr the expensive U．S.spring break travel perid is scheduled frm Tuesday t Saturday；it will save yu mney (in mst cases).
Where t fly
We cntinue t see gd deals t Bstn and Denver and mre and mre nice prices t Chicag，Seattle and Washingtn， fr Eurpe，there have been surprising deals thrughut the fall and thse will cntinue int the winter.
Direct flights VS cnnecting flights
Cmpare the price f direct flights with that f cnnecting flights.Smetimes adding a stp t yur rute will save yu mney，and it might be enugh t endure the extra lng flying day.An example：San Francisc t Raleigh: $553 fr a direct flight, $362 with ne stp.
Yu'd better think twice abut the direct flight fr San Francisc t Raleigh.
Cmpare，cmpare，cmpare
Stifle the impulse t g t yur favrite airline site t purchase tickets withut ding any cmparisn.Example：Let's say yu want t fly frm New Yrk t Lndn and figure yur favrite U．S.legacy carrier will get yu there fr the best price—$554 fr a rund trip.
Hwever，the cmparisn site als shws a cheaper flight frm the same legacy carrier ($521).See what yu're missing when yu fail t d cmparisn?
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。本文为乘飞机旅行的游客提供了一些有用的购买便宜机票的建议，包括注意购买的时间、出行时间、旅行目的地等。
1．When can yu pssibly find the best price fr flights within the U．S.?
A．On Mnday mrning.
B．On Thursday afternn.
C．On Tuesday mrning.
D．On Sunday mrning.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据When t fly部分的第二句可知，在美国，买机票最便宜的日子通常是星期二、星期三和星期六，故C项正确。
2．What des the underlined phrase “Stifle the impulse” prbably mean?
A．Feel free t d smething.
B．Suppress the desire t d smething.
C．Get well prepared fr smething.
D．Make a quick decisin n smething.
解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据画线短语所在部分的小标题可知，该部分是建议游客买机票时要做比较，并结合画线短语所在句可知，此句是说抑制住你不做任何比较就去你最喜欢的航空公司网站买机票的冲动。B项意为“抑制住做某事的欲望”，故B项符合文意。
3．Wh is the text intended fr?
A．Thse wh usually chse first class fr their flights.
B．Thse wh want t find suggestins n where t fly.
C．Thse wh are travelling during the spring break.
D．Thse wh are lking fr the best airline ticket prices.
解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，如果你明年要休假并打算乘飞机旅行，这里有一些有用的购买便宜机票的建议，故可推知，本文是写给那些寻找最佳机票价格的人，故D项正确。
B
(2020·武汉市高中质量检测) Fr several decades，there has been an extensive and rganized campaign intended t generate distrust in science，funded by thse whse interests and idelgies are threatened by the findings f mdern science. In respnse，scientists have tended t stress the success f science. After all，scientists have been right abut mst things.
Stressing successes isn't wrng，but fr many peple it's nt persuasive. An alternative answer t the questin “Why trust science？” is that scientists use the scalled scientific methd.If yu've gt a high schl science textbk lying arund，yu'll prbably find that answer in it. But what is typically thught t be the scientific methd—develp a hypthesis(假设)，then design an experiment t test it—isn't what scientists actually d. Science is dynamic: new methds get invented；ld nes get abandned；and smetimes，scientists can be fund ding many different things.
If there is n identifiable scientific methd，then what is the reasn fr trust in science? The answer is hw thse claims are evaluated. The cmmn element in mdern science，regardless f the specific field r the particular methds being used，is the strict scrutiny (认真彻底的审查) f claims. It's this tugh，sustained prcess that wrks t make sure faulty claims are rejected. A scientific claim is never accepted as true until it has gne thrugh a lengthy “peer review” because the reviewers are experts in the same field wh have bth the right and the bligatin (责任) t find faults.
A key aspect f scientific judgment is that it is dne cllectively. N claim gets accepted until it has been vetted by dzens，if nt hundreds，f heads. In areas that have been cntested，like climate science and vaccine safety，it's thusands. This is why we are generally justified in nt wrrying t much if a single scientist，even a very famus ne，disagrees with the claim. And this is why diversity in science—the mre peple lking at a claim frm different angles—is imprtant.
Des this prcess ever g wrng? Of curse. Scientists are humans. There is always the pssibility f revising a claim n the basis f new evidence. Sme peple argue that we shuld nt trust science because scientists are “always changing their minds”．While examples f truly settled science being verturned are far fewer，they d exist. But the beauty f this scientific prcess is that it explains what might therwise appear paradxical(自相矛盾的)：that science prduces bth nvelty and stability. Scientists d change their minds in the face f new evidence，but this is a strength f science，nt a weakness.
文章大意：尽管在过去的几十年有人质疑科学，但科学以其动态的研究方法、严格的审查制度、集体的智慧论断和与时俱进的态度值得人们信任。
4．Hw des the authr think f the scientific methd?
A．Stable. B．Unreliable.
C．Dynamic. D．Unrealistic.
解析：C 考查观点态度。根据第二段中的“Science is dynamic：new methds get invented；ld nes get abandned”可知，作者认为科学方法在不断更新，是处于动态变化中的，故选C。
5．What des the underlined wrd “vetted” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Explained. B．Examined.
C．Repeated. D．Released.
解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第三段尾句可知，一个科学论断在被接受为正确的之前要经历漫长的“同行评审”，并结合第四段第一句可推知，画线词所在句表示科学论断只有在经过很多人审查之后才能被接受，由此可推知，画线词的含义与B项词义最为接近，故选B。
6．Accrding t the passage，the authr may agree that ．
A．it is nt persuasive t reject thse faulty claims
B．settled science tends t be cllectively verturned
C．a leading expert cannt play a decisive rle in scrutiny
D．diversity in knwledge is the cmmn element in science
解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“This is why we are generally justified in nt wrrying t much if a single scientist，even a very famus ne，disagrees with the claim.”可推知，单个知名科学家在科学论断的审查过程中并不能发挥决定性的作用，故选C。
7．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Put Yur Faith in Science
B．Defend the Truth in Science
C．Apply Yur Mind t Science
D．Explre a Dynamic Way t Science
解析：A 考查标题判断。作者在第一段以过去几十年人们对科学的怀疑引出话题，随即表明了论点“scientists have been right abut mst things”，接着第二至五段提出论据支撑了这一论点，以此来呼吁人们要信任科学，所以A选项最适合作文章标题。
【词汇积累】 generate v．产生，引起 idelgy n．意识形态 in respnse作为回应 dynamic adj.动态的 identify v．确认，认出→identifiable adj.可识别的 fault n．过错→faulty adj.错误的 length n．长度→lengthy adj.漫长的，冗长的 be justified in ding sth.做某事有正当理由的 n the basis f sth.因为某事物，在某事物的基础上 verturn v．推翻
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·石家庄高三摸底) During his freshman year at Clumbia University，Sanfrd Greenberg std n campus with his classmate Arthur Garfunkel.“Sanfrd，lk at the 1 ．Yu see the clrs? The shapes？”Arthur asked.Sanfrd was 2 ，because ther guys talked abut trips and sprts，but Arthur wanted t talk abut grass.
Was there a 3 guy n campus than Sanfrd? Here he was，a pr kid frm Buffal，New Yrk n a full schlarship，taking classes frm masters such as physicist Len Lederman and pet Mark Van Dren.
But in 1960，Sanfrd's frtunes 4 ．He was playing baseball when suddenly he culdn't 5 very clearly.He had t 6 n the grass until his eyesight returned.At first he didn't believe it was anything 7 ．
But when Sanfrd went back t Buffal， 8 there tld him he had a very serius eye disease.They perated n his eyes，hut he was still ging 9 ．He was s sad that he 10 t meet anyne frm cllege.
Hwever，Arthur 11 Sanfrd t g back t study at Clumbia.In September 1961，Sanfrd returned t campus.But he was 12 abut getting arund alne and depended n Arthur t help him.
Then，ne afternn，Sanfrd and Arthur went t Manhattan.When it was time t g back t the 13 ，Arthur said he had an imprtant meeting and culdn't g with Sanfrd.They 14 fr the first time，and Arthur walked ff，leaving Sanfrd alne.It tk Sanfrd a lng time t get back t schl.But as he arrived at the university gate，smene almst 15 him.
“Srry，sir.”
Sanfrd knew the 16 ．It was Arthur's.Sanfrd was angry at first，but then he 17 what Arthur had dne.
“It was ne f the mst 18 ideas，”Sanfrd said.“Arthur，f curse，had been 19 me the whle way.”
After graduatin with greater 20 than thers，Sanfrd gt his MBA frm Clumbia and a Harvard and went n t becme a successful inventr and businessman.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。桑福德在上大学期间突然患上了严重的眼疾，之后他拒绝见大学的任何人；后来在朋友亚瑟的鼓励下，他重新回到校园学习。但回校后，他不敢独自一人出行，而是依赖亚瑟的帮助。有一次，亚瑟想出了一个主意，让桑福德能独自走回学校。结果证明亚瑟的主意很有用。后来桑福德成了一名成功的发明家和商人。
1．A.cluds B．grass
C．trees D．baseball
解析：B 根据下文中的“Arthur wanted t talk abut grass”可知，亚瑟想要谈论的是草；据此可知，他让桑福德看草。
2．A.excited B．disappinted
C．surprised D．wrried
解析：C 空后表述其他人都在谈论旅行和运动，而亚瑟却想谈论草，据此可推知，这让桑福德觉得很奇怪。surprised“觉得奇怪的”。
3．A.luckier B．friendlier
C．smarter D．kinder
解析：A 根据空后一句可知，桑福德是一个来自纽约州布法罗的穷孩子，但拿着全额奖学金，上着大师们的课。据此可知，此处表示“还有比桑福德更幸运的人吗？”。
4．A.imprved B．remained
C．arrived D．changed
解析：D 根据上文表述的桑福德很幸运和下文表述的桑福德患上了严重的眼疾可推知，此处表示桑福德的命运发生了改变。
5．A.hear B．smell
C．see D．speak
解析：C 根据下文中的“until his eyesight returned”可知，在打棒球时，桑福德突然看不清东西了，他只好躺在草地上，直到视力恢复。
6．A.lie dwn B．jump up
C．walk away D．run alng
解析：A 参见上题解析。A项意为“躺下”，故A项正确。
7．A.difficult B．serius
C．new D．usual
解析：B 根据下文中的“But”“a very serius eye disease”，并结合该句中的“At first he didn't believe”可知，开始他认为这不是什么严重的问题。
8．A.teachers B．friends
C．relatives D．dctrs
解析：D 根据语境并结合常识可知，当桑福德回到布法罗的时候，那里的医生告诉他，他得了一种非常严重的眼疾。
9．A.blind B．deaf
C．wrng D．crazy
解析：A 根据语境和空后一句表述的他如此难过以至于他拒绝(refused)见大学的人可知，尽管他的眼睛进行了手术，但是他还是会失明(blind)。
10．A.planned B．frgt
C．refused D．wished
解析：C 参见上题解析。
11．A.reminded B．persuaded
C．frced D．allwed
解析：B 根据下文中的“Sanfrd returned t campus”可知，亚瑟说服桑福德重新回到哥伦比亚大学学习。persuade sb.t d sth.为固定用法，意为“说服某人做某事”，故B项正确。
12．A.certain B．angry
C．nervus D．calm
解析：C 根据该句中的“depended n Arthur t help him”可知，桑福德虽然重返校园，但由于严重的眼疾，他不敢自己一个人出去，所以他得依赖亚瑟的帮助。C项意为“惶恐的”，故C项正确。
13．A.campus B．hspital
C．statin D．cmpany
解析：A 根据语境和下文中的“he arrived at the university gate”可知，一天下午，桑福德和亚瑟去了曼哈顿，当该回校园时，亚瑟却说他有一个重要的会议要参加，不能和桑福德一起回去了。
14．A.agreed B．estimated
C．discussed D．argued
解析：D 根据该句中的“Arthur walked ff，leaving Sanfrd alne”可知，他们第一次发生争吵，亚瑟愤然离去，留桑福德独自一人。
15．A.shuted at B．kncked dwn
C．lked fr D．laughed at
解析：B 根据下文中的“Srry，sir”可推知，在桑福德到校门口时，有人差点把他撞倒。B项意为“撞倒”，故B项正确。
16．A.lk B．figure
C．vice D．gesture
解析：C 根据上文中的“Srry，sir”可知，有人对他说“对不起，先生”；据此可推知，桑福德知道那是亚瑟的声音。
17．A.dubted B．realized
C．believed D．wndered
解析：B 根据语境可知，桑福德一开始感到恼怒，但是他随后理解了亚瑟所做的一切。
18．A.annying B．awful
C．useless D．brilliant
解析：D 根据语境和上文中的“Sanfrd was angry at first，but then he what Arthur had dne.”可知，桑福德说亚瑟让他独自回学校是一个绝妙的(brilliant)主意。
19．A.misleading B．shwing
C．guiding D．fllwing
解析：D 根据语境可知，亚瑟一路跟着桑福德。D项意为“跟着”，故D项正确。A项意为“误导”，C项意为“指引，指导”，都与语境不符。
20．A.effrts B．lss
C．burden D．failure
解析：A 根据语境并结合上文描述的桑福德患了严重的眼疾可知，付出了比别人更多的努力之后，桑福德获得了哥伦比亚大学的工商管理学硕士学位、哈佛大学的博士学位，而且成了一位成功的发明家和商人。
完成片段作文
词汇句式升级
①I knw that yu like Chinese histry，and I eq \(□,\s\up1(1)) am prud f it (对此觉得很自豪).There are a lt f eq \(□,\s\up1(2)) philsphers，thinkers and inventrs (哲学家、思想家和发明家)in ancient China.②As far as I'm cncerned，my favurite figure in Chinese histry is Zhang Heng，because he was an excellent inventr.Brn in 78 AD，he was raised in a big family.During his life，he had eq \(□,\s\up1(3)) many influential inventins (许多具有影响力的发明)，including the famus seismgraph.In cnclusin he eq \(□,\s\up1(4)) made great cntributins t (做出巨大的贡献)the develpment f science and human sciety.
1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词
(1)like→are interested in
(2)excellent→unequaled
(3)raised→brught up
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用分词作状语改写句①
Knwing that yu are interested in Chinese histry，I am prud f it.
(2)用the reasn that...改写句②
As far as I'm cncerned，the reasn why my favurite figure in Chinese histry is Zhang Heng is that he was an unequaled inventr.
语篇类型
应用文
主题语境
人与社会——社会生活——买机票的建议
语篇类型
议论文
主题语境
人与社会——科学——科学是值得信任的
语篇类型
记叙文
主题语境
人与自我——个人经历——朋友的帮助
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