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2022年高考英语一轮复习Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries课后练习含解析外研版必修3
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这是一份2022年高考英语一轮复习Module2DevelopingandDevelopedCountries课后练习含解析外研版必修3，共11页。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We study in a classrm measuring (measure)30 feet lng and 20 feet wide.
2．We shuld make great effrts (effrt)t make up fr the lst time.
3．Gd gave us the gift f life; it is up t us t give (give)urselves the gift f living well.
4．The bus was s crwded (crwd)that I had t stand all the way t the schl.
5．The city can prvide much cnvenience and entertainment (entertain)，and that's why many peple can't bear t part with city life.
6．Learning English is f great imprtance fr ur future's develpment.
7．He was in a psitin where he had t frce a decisin.
8．Sme citizens are in favr f the plan，while thers are strngly against it.
9．He had an incme f 1，000 yuan a mnth，s it was difficult fr him t pay ff the debts.
10．Put yur wn name and present address at the bttm f the applicatin frm.
Ⅱ.选词填空
at the tp f; make prgress; make effrts; in particular; as a result
In the beginning，I was pr in my studies，math 1.in particular．Hwever，encuraged by my teacher，I 2.made effrts t catch up with thers，and 3.made prgress little by a result，I was 5.at the tp f the exam list in the final exam，which made me verjyed.
up t; make sure; be cnnected with; be/get clse t; such as
Generally speaking，health prblems，6.such as verweight, 7.are cnnected with bad eating habits and a lack f exercise.T 8.make sure we are in gd health，we shuld eat healthily and 9.be/get clse t nature.In sme ways，it's 10.up t us t decide whether we are healthy r nt.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．学校附近有很多游戏室，这些地方经常挤着许多男孩和女孩。
There are many vide games huses near schls.These places are always crwded with bys and girls．
2．一些人相信吸烟有害健康，而其他人认为吸烟有助于减少工作压力。
Sme peple believe smking is harmful t health，while thers cnsider smking is helpful fr reducing wrking pressure．
3．汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那就是他上班迟到的原因。
Tm verslept this mrning.That is why he was late fr wrk．
4．虽然你已经取得了很大的进步，但是如果你再努力一点，你很快就会实现自己的目标。
Yu have made great prgress，but if yu make greater effrts，yu will achieve yur gal quickly.
5．没有什么比时间更宝贵是很容易证明的。
It is easy t prve that nthing is mre precius than time．
6．众所周知，均衡饮食对我们非常有益。
As we all knw，having a balanced diet is f great benefit t us．
Ⅳ.片段写作——用本单元知识完成小作文
B卷 高考题型组合卷
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三摸底) An increasing number f students wrldwide are cnsidering studying abrad. The applicatin prcess varies frm cuntry t cuntry.If yu're lking fr a university with a strng internatinal utlk but feel swept ver by all the applicatin ptins，here is sme guidance t get yu started.
UK
Internatinal students must apply t universities in the UK thrugh an rganisatin knwn as UCAS. This rganisatin allws students t apply t up t five universities with just ne applicatin. It csts ￡20 fr a single chice r ￡25 fr mre than ne chice.
The applicatin cnsists f a series f questins t determine the student's schling and predicted grades. The biggest part f the applicatin frm is the persnal statement，in which applicants shuld describe their persnal interests and related experiences.
Switzerland
Switzerland has fur fficial languages and is brdered by five cuntries s it is n surprise that its universities are amng the mst internatinal in the wrld. Internatinal applicants may need t take an entrance exam if they have a freign schl certificate，and must als prve that they have a gd grasp f the French language，usually thrugh taking a language exam. The full applicatin csts 50 Swiss francs fr a hlder f a Swiss diplma and 150 Swiss francs fr hlders f freign diplmas.
Canada
Internatinal applicants have t write up a persnal prfile as part f their applicatin，which is very similar t the persnal statement required fr a UK university applicatin. Students will als have t prve their Englishlanguage cmpetency—there are nine ways t meet the English Language Admissin Standard，which are listed n many university websites.
Singapre
The prcess f applying t a Singaprean university is very much alike，but verseas students may be delighted t find that the dmestic applicants have t cver the same prcedures：fill ut an nline applicatin frm and submit identificatin dcuments，supprting dcuments and an applicatin fee f $20.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了申请到英国、瑞士、加拿大以及新加坡留学的过程以及相关情况。
1．Which cuntry requires that internatinal applicants knw French well?
A．UK. B．Switzerland.
C．Canada. D．Singapre.
解析：B 考查细节理解。根据Switzerland部分第二句中的“and must als prve that they have a gd grasp f the French language”可知，瑞士要求国际申请者能很好地掌握法语。故选B。
2．What part f the applicatin is similar between the UK and Canada?
A．The applicatin system.
B．The number f universities.
C．The applicatin cst.
D．The persnal statement.
解析：D 考查细节理解。根据Canada部分中的第一句“Internatinal applicants have t write up a persnal prfile as part f their applicatin，which is very similar t the persnal statement required fr a UK university applicatin.”可知，在加拿大，国际申请者需要详细写出一份个人简介来作为他们的申请的一部分，这份个人简介与申请英国大学所要求的个人陈述非常相似。故选D。
3．What's special abut the applicatin prcess in Singapre?
A．Applicants need t pay a lt.
B．It is much simpler than elsewhere.
C．It's n different fr native students.
D．The cmpetitin is even mre fierce.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据Singapre部分第一句中的“but verseas students may be delighted t find that the dmestic applicants have t cver the same prcedures”可知，在新加坡，海外申请者与国内申请者的申请程序是一样的。故选C。
【词汇积累】 grasp n．理解(力)；领会 write up (利用笔记等)详细写出 prfile n．概述；简介 cver v．包含；涉及；处理 supprting adj.能确证的
B
(2020·昆明市高三诊断测试) Ryal Dutch Shell is launching a $300 millin frestry prgram，at a time when an increasing number f il cmpanies are putting mney in carbn ffset (碳补偿) plans t meet climate gals. The cmpany will spend the mney ver the next three years n prjects t stre carbn，including large frests in the Netherlands and Spain，and will start ffering mtrists the ptin f purchasing carbn ffsets when they buy petrl at the pump.
The executives f the cmpany explained that these carbn ffset prjects were a new business pprtunity fr Shell，as well as a way t meet its climate targets. “We believe that ver time we will be building a business，because these carbn credits will becme mre valuable as carbn becmes mre limited，” they said. Shell recently decided t cut its net carbn ftprint (碳排放量) by 2 t 3 percent in five years，which includes emissins frm the prducts it sells. The cmpany plans t prduce carbn credits frm the frestry prjects，then sell these credits n t custmers buying its il and gas prducts，r apply the credits t its wn peratins t lwer its carbn ftprint.
Plants absrb carbn dixide as they grw and restring frests and ther natural areas is cnsidered ne f the simplest ways t stre carbn. Hwever，the vluntary market fr carbn credits based n frestry prjects has its critics，as prjects in develping cuntries can be hard t mnitr. Shell's mve has als been criticized by sme envirnmentalists. They wrried that there was a risk f “greenwash” when cmpanies invested in frestry prjects. “There is an entire debate abut whether frestry prjects truly reduce emissins r nt，”they said，pinting ut that planting in ne area culd cause defrestatin (滥伐森林) t anther.
Shell said it wuld rely n the third party t ensure its frestry prgram t meet the Vluntary Carbn Standard and strict bidiversity requirements. Mark Lewis，head f Climate Change Investment Research at BNP Paribas，said, “Planting trees t ffset emissins，as far as it ges，is a step in the right directin.”
文章大意：本文主要介绍了荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司在接下来三年的时间里，通过资金投入等措施，实施碳补偿计划的相关情况。
4．What is ppular amng il cmpanies these days?
A．Studying climate changes.
B．Launching frestry prgrams.
C．Wrking ut carbn ffset plans.
D．Attracting mtrists t buy their petrl.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“an increasing number f il cmpanies are putting mney in carbn ffset(碳补偿)plans t meet climate gals”可知，越来越多的石油公司把钱投在碳补偿计划上面，以实现气候目标。由此可知，当前制订自己的碳补偿计划在石油公司中盛行。故选C。
5．Hw will Shell make prfits frm its carbn ffset prjects?
A．By quitting the emissins f its prducts.
B．By reducing its carbn ftprint by a quarter.
C．By limiting the il used by its wn peratins.
D．By putting carbn credits it prduces n the market.
解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“The cmpany plans t prduce carbn credits frm the frestry prjects，then sell these credits n t custmers buying its il and gas its carbn ftprint.”可知，壳牌公司计划从林业项目中获得碳信用额，然后将这些信用额转售给购买其石油和天然气产品的客户，或者将这些信用额用于自己的业务，以降低其碳排放量。故选D。
6．What cncerns sme envirnmentalists abut frestry prjects?
A．The prjects can't really stp carbn emissins.
B．The prjects are hard t mnitr in pr cuntries.
C．The prjects may lead t defrestatin in ther frests.
D．The prjects haven't met strict bidiversity requirements.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“pinting ut that planting in ne area culd cause defrestatin(滥伐森林)t anther”可知，环保主义者担心石油公司在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。故选C。
7．What des the underlined wrd “greenwash” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Discunt. B．Cheat.
C．Decline. D．Change.
解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“as prjects in develping cuntries can be hard t mnitr”“There is an entire debate abut whether frestry prjects truly reduce emissins r nt”“pinting ut (滥伐森林)t anther”可知，环保主义者对林业项目是否真的能降低碳排放存在很大的争议，他们担心在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。由此可推知，画线词的意思与B项的词义相近。
【词汇积累】 frestry n．林业 mtrist n．驾车者 executive n．管理人员 net adj.净的 sell sth.n转售 peratin n．活动，业务 restre v．恢复；使复原 as far as it ges在一定程度上
Ⅱ.七选五
1. One day，when I was perhaps six years ld，I was walking with my father n a crwded street. All f a sudden，the nrmal flw f pedestrian traffic backed up as peple tried t avid a large bject n the sidewalk. T my astnishment，the bject turned ut t be a human being，a man lying uncnscius against a building.2. Certainly n ne made eye cntact. As we walked by，my father—the mdel f a lving，caring gentleman—pinted t a bttle in a paper bag and tld me that the pr sul n the sidewalk just needed t sleep it ff.Then the drunken man began t murmur(低语)senselessly.My father warned me nt t g near，saying “Yu never knw hw he'll react.”
3． I had spent the previus 12 mnths traveling in pr Asian cities，but even by thse standards this was a scene f misery.In additin t being desperately pr，the lcals had t live in the extremely ht climate with ridiculusly huge crwds and a fairly strng wind blwing dust everywhere.Suddenly a man carrying a huge bag f peanuts called ut in pain and fell t the grund.4. Half a dzen sellers ran frm their stands t help，leaving unattended what might have been the ttality f their pssessins. One put a blanket under the man's head；anther pened his shirt；the third ne questined him carefully abut the pain；the furth ne fetched water；the fifth ne kept nlkers frm crwding arund t clsely；the sixth ne ran fr help.5. The perfrmance culd have passed fr a final exam at a paramedic(护理人员)schl.
A．I then witnessed an astnishing scene.
B．N ne f the passersby seemed t ntice that it was a man.
C．This was ttally different frm the bitter experience I had in New Yrk.
D．Within minutes，a dctr arrived，and tw ther lcals jined in t assist.
E．I sn came t see that day's lessn as basic knwledge fr a New Yrker.
F.I'll always remember a lessn that I learned as a by grwing up in New Yrk City.
G．Yet many years later I had a very different experience while visiting a market in Rangn.
文章大意：作者两次目击人们对在街头昏倒的人的情形：一次是在大概六岁时，面对在纽约街头昏迷的男子，人们冷漠地走开；另一次是在亚洲一些贫穷的城市旅游时，在仰光的一个集市上，人们热心地帮助一个倒在地上的男子，使该男子得到了及时的救治。
1．解析：F 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段首句，是本段的总起句；通读该段可知，该段主要讲述了作者在大概六岁时目击人们对待在街头昏倒的男子的态度以及父亲对作者的警告。故F项与此处匹配。
2．解析：B 根据上文可知，人们都试图避开一个靠着建筑物昏迷的男子；空处承接上文，故B项“似乎没有一个路人注意到那是一个人”符合语境。
3．解析：G 该段主要讲述了作者在亚洲一个贫穷的城市旅游时，看到的人们热心地帮助一个倒在地上的男子的场景，与上文讲述的人们试图避开一个靠着建筑物昏迷的男子形成对比，故G项与此处匹配。
4．解析：A 根据空前一句可知，突然，一个拎着一大袋花生的男子痛苦地大叫一声，倒在地上；根据空后一句可知，六名商户不顾他们的摊位跑出来帮忙。据此可推知，空处承上启下，表述作者看到了令人惊讶的一幕，故A项符合语境。
5．解析：D 空前一句表述人们帮助这个倒在地上的男子的过程：有人在他的头下面放了条毯子；有人解开他的衬衫；有人仔细询问他哪里痛；有人去取水；有人阻止旁观者聚拢得太近；有人去求救。据此可知，该处承接上文，继续叙述事情的发展，故D项“几分钟内，一位医生到了，两位当地人也参与援助”符合文意。
【词汇积累】 unattended adj.无人照料的 ttality n．全体，全部 nlker n．旁观者 crwd arund/rund( sb./sth.) 聚拢；聚集在……周围
Ⅲ.语法填空
Tday，many peple are wrried abut endangered species.But isn't it just nrmal fr sme animals t die ut?
The situatin tday is different frm 1. f the past.In the past，animals died ut ver a lng perid f time. When animals died ut in the past，it was usually because f the weather r ther 2. (nature)causes.
What is happening tday is 3. (ttal) different.We are killing millins f species in a shrt time. The result is that we are killing ur future，because s many species 4. (kill)in such a shrt time that even 5. fittest can't survive. In fact，there wn't be enugh species t chse frm.Withut enugh animals and plants，evlutin cannt functin and nature will get 6. (bad) instead f getting better.
Many f the species 7. (disappear) n earth are unknwn and few peple even knw that they are dying ut.These animals and plants started t live n earth lng 8. us and we have n right t kill them. We may als need these species in the future. We must try t keep the endangered species alive. If we allw these species 9. (die)ut，we are in fact becming endangered 10. (ur).
文章大意：如今，很多物种在很短的时间内就被杀害，这与过去的情形完全不同。很多物种对自然和人类都至关重要，我们不能任由它们灭绝。
1．解析：that 考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空处作介词frm的宾语，该句表示“如今的情形和过去的不同”，空处指代该句中的“The situatin”，故用that。
2．解析：natural 考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词“causes”，故用所给词的形容词形式。该句意为：在过去，动物灭绝通常是因为天气或其他自然原因。
3．解析：ttally 考查副词。副词修饰形容词，空处修饰形容词“different”，故用所给词的副词形式。
4．解析：are (being) killed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该从句的主语是“s many speies”，谓语动词应用复数形式，和动词kill是被动关系，应用被动语态，又结合语境可知，此处叙述的为客观存在的情况或此刻正在进行的动作，表示“如此多的物种(正在)被杀死”，故用一般现在时的被动语态或现在进行时的被动语态，故填are(being) killed。
5．解析：the 考查冠词。形容词的最高级形式前面用定冠词the。根据空后的形容词的最高级形式“fittest”可知，该处应用定冠词the。该句意为：结果是我们正在扼杀我们的未来，因为如此多的物种在如此短的时间内(正在)被杀死，即使是最健康的物种也无法生存。
6．解析：wrse 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级形式“better”并结合语境可知，此处表示没有足够的动物和植物，进化就无法进行，大自然会变得更糟而不是更好。故填wrse，表示“更糟”。
7．解析：disappearing 考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，此处为分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词species，该名词和动词disappear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给词的现在分词形式。
8．解析：befre 考查介词。根据该句中的“we have n right t kill them”和语境可知，这些动植物要比人类早很久就开始在地球上生活。故填befre“在……以前”。
9．解析：t die 考查动词不定式。allw sb./sth.t d sth.为固定用法，表示“允许某人/某物做某事”。
10．解析：urselves 考查反身代词。根据该句主语we并结合语境可知，此处表示如果我们任由这些物种灭绝，我们自己实际上也正濒临灭绝。故用反身代词urselves.
完成片段作文
词汇句式升级
① eq \(□,\s\up1(1)) With the develpment f ecnmy (随着经济的发展)，mst peple's living standard has arisen.②In this regin eq \(□,\s\up1(2)) sme husehlds still have a lw incme (一些家庭仍然收入很低)and live prly.Luckily，the gvernment eq \(□,\s\up1(3)) is taking measures t change their life (正采取措施改变他们的生活).Firstly the gvernment eq \(□,\s\up1(4)) is making effrts t imprve (正努力提高)the develpment f ecnmy，fr example， eq \(□,\s\up1(5)) develping turism (发展旅游业).③Secndly they think educatin is very imprtant and all the children shuld receive educatin.
1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词
(1)prly→in pverty
(2)Luckily→Frtunately
(3)receive→have access t
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用while作并列连词合并句①和句②
With the develpment f ecnmy，mst peple's living standard had arisen while in this regin sme husehlds still had a lw incme and lived in pverty.
(2)用“f＋n.”改写句③
Secndly they think educatin is f great imprtance and all the children shuld have access t educatin.
语篇类型
应用文
主题语境
人与自我——学习——国外大学申请指导
语篇类型
说明文
主题语境
人与社会——社会生活——荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司的碳补偿计划
语篇类型
记叙文
主题语境
人与社会——社会生活——对昏倒在街头的人的不同态度
语篇类型
说明文
主题语境
人与自然——人与动物——杀戮动物等于扼杀人类的未来
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We study in a classrm measuring (measure)30 feet lng and 20 feet wide.
2．We shuld make great effrts (effrt)t make up fr the lst time.
3．Gd gave us the gift f life; it is up t us t give (give)urselves the gift f living well.
4．The bus was s crwded (crwd)that I had t stand all the way t the schl.
5．The city can prvide much cnvenience and entertainment (entertain)，and that's why many peple can't bear t part with city life.
6．Learning English is f great imprtance fr ur future's develpment.
7．He was in a psitin where he had t frce a decisin.
8．Sme citizens are in favr f the plan，while thers are strngly against it.
9．He had an incme f 1，000 yuan a mnth，s it was difficult fr him t pay ff the debts.
10．Put yur wn name and present address at the bttm f the applicatin frm.
Ⅱ.选词填空
at the tp f; make prgress; make effrts; in particular; as a result
In the beginning，I was pr in my studies，math 1.in particular．Hwever，encuraged by my teacher，I 2.made effrts t catch up with thers，and 3.made prgress little by a result，I was 5.at the tp f the exam list in the final exam，which made me verjyed.
up t; make sure; be cnnected with; be/get clse t; such as
Generally speaking，health prblems，6.such as verweight, 7.are cnnected with bad eating habits and a lack f exercise.T 8.make sure we are in gd health，we shuld eat healthily and 9.be/get clse t nature.In sme ways，it's 10.up t us t decide whether we are healthy r nt.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．学校附近有很多游戏室，这些地方经常挤着许多男孩和女孩。
There are many vide games huses near schls.These places are always crwded with bys and girls．
2．一些人相信吸烟有害健康，而其他人认为吸烟有助于减少工作压力。
Sme peple believe smking is harmful t health，while thers cnsider smking is helpful fr reducing wrking pressure．
3．汤姆今天早晨睡过头了。那就是他上班迟到的原因。
Tm verslept this mrning.That is why he was late fr wrk．
4．虽然你已经取得了很大的进步，但是如果你再努力一点，你很快就会实现自己的目标。
Yu have made great prgress，but if yu make greater effrts，yu will achieve yur gal quickly.
5．没有什么比时间更宝贵是很容易证明的。
It is easy t prve that nthing is mre precius than time．
6．众所周知，均衡饮食对我们非常有益。
As we all knw，having a balanced diet is f great benefit t us．
Ⅳ.片段写作——用本单元知识完成小作文
B卷 高考题型组合卷
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三摸底) An increasing number f students wrldwide are cnsidering studying abrad. The applicatin prcess varies frm cuntry t cuntry.If yu're lking fr a university with a strng internatinal utlk but feel swept ver by all the applicatin ptins，here is sme guidance t get yu started.
UK
Internatinal students must apply t universities in the UK thrugh an rganisatin knwn as UCAS. This rganisatin allws students t apply t up t five universities with just ne applicatin. It csts ￡20 fr a single chice r ￡25 fr mre than ne chice.
The applicatin cnsists f a series f questins t determine the student's schling and predicted grades. The biggest part f the applicatin frm is the persnal statement，in which applicants shuld describe their persnal interests and related experiences.
Switzerland
Switzerland has fur fficial languages and is brdered by five cuntries s it is n surprise that its universities are amng the mst internatinal in the wrld. Internatinal applicants may need t take an entrance exam if they have a freign schl certificate，and must als prve that they have a gd grasp f the French language，usually thrugh taking a language exam. The full applicatin csts 50 Swiss francs fr a hlder f a Swiss diplma and 150 Swiss francs fr hlders f freign diplmas.
Canada
Internatinal applicants have t write up a persnal prfile as part f their applicatin，which is very similar t the persnal statement required fr a UK university applicatin. Students will als have t prve their Englishlanguage cmpetency—there are nine ways t meet the English Language Admissin Standard，which are listed n many university websites.
Singapre
The prcess f applying t a Singaprean university is very much alike，but verseas students may be delighted t find that the dmestic applicants have t cver the same prcedures：fill ut an nline applicatin frm and submit identificatin dcuments，supprting dcuments and an applicatin fee f $20.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了申请到英国、瑞士、加拿大以及新加坡留学的过程以及相关情况。
1．Which cuntry requires that internatinal applicants knw French well?
A．UK. B．Switzerland.
C．Canada. D．Singapre.
解析：B 考查细节理解。根据Switzerland部分第二句中的“and must als prve that they have a gd grasp f the French language”可知，瑞士要求国际申请者能很好地掌握法语。故选B。
2．What part f the applicatin is similar between the UK and Canada?
A．The applicatin system.
B．The number f universities.
C．The applicatin cst.
D．The persnal statement.
解析：D 考查细节理解。根据Canada部分中的第一句“Internatinal applicants have t write up a persnal prfile as part f their applicatin，which is very similar t the persnal statement required fr a UK university applicatin.”可知，在加拿大，国际申请者需要详细写出一份个人简介来作为他们的申请的一部分，这份个人简介与申请英国大学所要求的个人陈述非常相似。故选D。
3．What's special abut the applicatin prcess in Singapre?
A．Applicants need t pay a lt.
B．It is much simpler than elsewhere.
C．It's n different fr native students.
D．The cmpetitin is even mre fierce.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据Singapre部分第一句中的“but verseas students may be delighted t find that the dmestic applicants have t cver the same prcedures”可知，在新加坡，海外申请者与国内申请者的申请程序是一样的。故选C。
【词汇积累】 grasp n．理解(力)；领会 write up (利用笔记等)详细写出 prfile n．概述；简介 cver v．包含；涉及；处理 supprting adj.能确证的
B
(2020·昆明市高三诊断测试) Ryal Dutch Shell is launching a $300 millin frestry prgram，at a time when an increasing number f il cmpanies are putting mney in carbn ffset (碳补偿) plans t meet climate gals. The cmpany will spend the mney ver the next three years n prjects t stre carbn，including large frests in the Netherlands and Spain，and will start ffering mtrists the ptin f purchasing carbn ffsets when they buy petrl at the pump.
The executives f the cmpany explained that these carbn ffset prjects were a new business pprtunity fr Shell，as well as a way t meet its climate targets. “We believe that ver time we will be building a business，because these carbn credits will becme mre valuable as carbn becmes mre limited，” they said. Shell recently decided t cut its net carbn ftprint (碳排放量) by 2 t 3 percent in five years，which includes emissins frm the prducts it sells. The cmpany plans t prduce carbn credits frm the frestry prjects，then sell these credits n t custmers buying its il and gas prducts，r apply the credits t its wn peratins t lwer its carbn ftprint.
Plants absrb carbn dixide as they grw and restring frests and ther natural areas is cnsidered ne f the simplest ways t stre carbn. Hwever，the vluntary market fr carbn credits based n frestry prjects has its critics，as prjects in develping cuntries can be hard t mnitr. Shell's mve has als been criticized by sme envirnmentalists. They wrried that there was a risk f “greenwash” when cmpanies invested in frestry prjects. “There is an entire debate abut whether frestry prjects truly reduce emissins r nt，”they said，pinting ut that planting in ne area culd cause defrestatin (滥伐森林) t anther.
Shell said it wuld rely n the third party t ensure its frestry prgram t meet the Vluntary Carbn Standard and strict bidiversity requirements. Mark Lewis，head f Climate Change Investment Research at BNP Paribas，said, “Planting trees t ffset emissins，as far as it ges，is a step in the right directin.”
文章大意：本文主要介绍了荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司在接下来三年的时间里，通过资金投入等措施，实施碳补偿计划的相关情况。
4．What is ppular amng il cmpanies these days?
A．Studying climate changes.
B．Launching frestry prgrams.
C．Wrking ut carbn ffset plans.
D．Attracting mtrists t buy their petrl.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“an increasing number f il cmpanies are putting mney in carbn ffset(碳补偿)plans t meet climate gals”可知，越来越多的石油公司把钱投在碳补偿计划上面，以实现气候目标。由此可知，当前制订自己的碳补偿计划在石油公司中盛行。故选C。
5．Hw will Shell make prfits frm its carbn ffset prjects?
A．By quitting the emissins f its prducts.
B．By reducing its carbn ftprint by a quarter.
C．By limiting the il used by its wn peratins.
D．By putting carbn credits it prduces n the market.
解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句“The cmpany plans t prduce carbn credits frm the frestry prjects，then sell these credits n t custmers buying its il and gas its carbn ftprint.”可知，壳牌公司计划从林业项目中获得碳信用额，然后将这些信用额转售给购买其石油和天然气产品的客户，或者将这些信用额用于自己的业务，以降低其碳排放量。故选D。
6．What cncerns sme envirnmentalists abut frestry prjects?
A．The prjects can't really stp carbn emissins.
B．The prjects are hard t mnitr in pr cuntries.
C．The prjects may lead t defrestatin in ther frests.
D．The prjects haven't met strict bidiversity requirements.
解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“pinting ut that planting in ne area culd cause defrestatin(滥伐森林)t anther”可知，环保主义者担心石油公司在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。故选C。
7．What des the underlined wrd “greenwash” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Discunt. B．Cheat.
C．Decline. D．Change.
解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“as prjects in develping cuntries can be hard t mnitr”“There is an entire debate abut whether frestry prjects truly reduce emissins r nt”“pinting ut (滥伐森林)t anther”可知，环保主义者对林业项目是否真的能降低碳排放存在很大的争议，他们担心在一个地方实施林业项目会导致另一个地方滥伐森林。由此可推知，画线词的意思与B项的词义相近。
【词汇积累】 frestry n．林业 mtrist n．驾车者 executive n．管理人员 net adj.净的 sell sth.n转售 peratin n．活动，业务 restre v．恢复；使复原 as far as it ges在一定程度上
Ⅱ.七选五
1. One day，when I was perhaps six years ld，I was walking with my father n a crwded street. All f a sudden，the nrmal flw f pedestrian traffic backed up as peple tried t avid a large bject n the sidewalk. T my astnishment，the bject turned ut t be a human being，a man lying uncnscius against a building.2. Certainly n ne made eye cntact. As we walked by，my father—the mdel f a lving，caring gentleman—pinted t a bttle in a paper bag and tld me that the pr sul n the sidewalk just needed t sleep it ff.Then the drunken man began t murmur(低语)senselessly.My father warned me nt t g near，saying “Yu never knw hw he'll react.”
3． I had spent the previus 12 mnths traveling in pr Asian cities，but even by thse standards this was a scene f misery.In additin t being desperately pr，the lcals had t live in the extremely ht climate with ridiculusly huge crwds and a fairly strng wind blwing dust everywhere.Suddenly a man carrying a huge bag f peanuts called ut in pain and fell t the grund.4. Half a dzen sellers ran frm their stands t help，leaving unattended what might have been the ttality f their pssessins. One put a blanket under the man's head；anther pened his shirt；the third ne questined him carefully abut the pain；the furth ne fetched water；the fifth ne kept nlkers frm crwding arund t clsely；the sixth ne ran fr help.5. The perfrmance culd have passed fr a final exam at a paramedic(护理人员)schl.
A．I then witnessed an astnishing scene.
B．N ne f the passersby seemed t ntice that it was a man.
C．This was ttally different frm the bitter experience I had in New Yrk.
D．Within minutes，a dctr arrived，and tw ther lcals jined in t assist.
E．I sn came t see that day's lessn as basic knwledge fr a New Yrker.
F.I'll always remember a lessn that I learned as a by grwing up in New Yrk City.
G．Yet many years later I had a very different experience while visiting a market in Rangn.
文章大意：作者两次目击人们对在街头昏倒的人的情形：一次是在大概六岁时，面对在纽约街头昏迷的男子，人们冷漠地走开；另一次是在亚洲一些贫穷的城市旅游时，在仰光的一个集市上，人们热心地帮助一个倒在地上的男子，使该男子得到了及时的救治。
1．解析：F 根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为本段首句，是本段的总起句；通读该段可知，该段主要讲述了作者在大概六岁时目击人们对待在街头昏倒的男子的态度以及父亲对作者的警告。故F项与此处匹配。
2．解析：B 根据上文可知，人们都试图避开一个靠着建筑物昏迷的男子；空处承接上文，故B项“似乎没有一个路人注意到那是一个人”符合语境。
3．解析：G 该段主要讲述了作者在亚洲一个贫穷的城市旅游时，看到的人们热心地帮助一个倒在地上的男子的场景，与上文讲述的人们试图避开一个靠着建筑物昏迷的男子形成对比，故G项与此处匹配。
4．解析：A 根据空前一句可知，突然，一个拎着一大袋花生的男子痛苦地大叫一声，倒在地上；根据空后一句可知，六名商户不顾他们的摊位跑出来帮忙。据此可推知，空处承上启下，表述作者看到了令人惊讶的一幕，故A项符合语境。
5．解析：D 空前一句表述人们帮助这个倒在地上的男子的过程：有人在他的头下面放了条毯子；有人解开他的衬衫；有人仔细询问他哪里痛；有人去取水；有人阻止旁观者聚拢得太近；有人去求救。据此可知，该处承接上文，继续叙述事情的发展，故D项“几分钟内，一位医生到了，两位当地人也参与援助”符合文意。
【词汇积累】 unattended adj.无人照料的 ttality n．全体，全部 nlker n．旁观者 crwd arund/rund( sb./sth.) 聚拢；聚集在……周围
Ⅲ.语法填空
Tday，many peple are wrried abut endangered species.But isn't it just nrmal fr sme animals t die ut?
The situatin tday is different frm 1. f the past.In the past，animals died ut ver a lng perid f time. When animals died ut in the past，it was usually because f the weather r ther 2. (nature)causes.
What is happening tday is 3. (ttal) different.We are killing millins f species in a shrt time. The result is that we are killing ur future，because s many species 4. (kill)in such a shrt time that even 5. fittest can't survive. In fact，there wn't be enugh species t chse frm.Withut enugh animals and plants，evlutin cannt functin and nature will get 6. (bad) instead f getting better.
Many f the species 7. (disappear) n earth are unknwn and few peple even knw that they are dying ut.These animals and plants started t live n earth lng 8. us and we have n right t kill them. We may als need these species in the future. We must try t keep the endangered species alive. If we allw these species 9. (die)ut，we are in fact becming endangered 10. (ur).
文章大意：如今，很多物种在很短的时间内就被杀害，这与过去的情形完全不同。很多物种对自然和人类都至关重要，我们不能任由它们灭绝。
1．解析：that 考查代词。分析该句结构可知，空处作介词frm的宾语，该句表示“如今的情形和过去的不同”，空处指代该句中的“The situatin”，故用that。
2．解析：natural 考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词“causes”，故用所给词的形容词形式。该句意为：在过去，动物灭绝通常是因为天气或其他自然原因。
3．解析：ttally 考查副词。副词修饰形容词，空处修饰形容词“different”，故用所给词的副词形式。
4．解析：are (being) killed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该从句的主语是“s many speies”，谓语动词应用复数形式，和动词kill是被动关系，应用被动语态，又结合语境可知，此处叙述的为客观存在的情况或此刻正在进行的动作，表示“如此多的物种(正在)被杀死”，故用一般现在时的被动语态或现在进行时的被动语态，故填are(being) killed。
5．解析：the 考查冠词。形容词的最高级形式前面用定冠词the。根据空后的形容词的最高级形式“fittest”可知，该处应用定冠词the。该句意为：结果是我们正在扼杀我们的未来，因为如此多的物种在如此短的时间内(正在)被杀死，即使是最健康的物种也无法生存。
6．解析：wrse 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级形式“better”并结合语境可知，此处表示没有足够的动物和植物，进化就无法进行，大自然会变得更糟而不是更好。故填wrse，表示“更糟”。
7．解析：disappearing 考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，此处为分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词species，该名词和动词disappear之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给词的现在分词形式。
8．解析：befre 考查介词。根据该句中的“we have n right t kill them”和语境可知，这些动植物要比人类早很久就开始在地球上生活。故填befre“在……以前”。
9．解析：t die 考查动词不定式。allw sb./sth.t d sth.为固定用法，表示“允许某人/某物做某事”。
10．解析：urselves 考查反身代词。根据该句主语we并结合语境可知，此处表示如果我们任由这些物种灭绝，我们自己实际上也正濒临灭绝。故用反身代词urselves.
完成片段作文
词汇句式升级
① eq \(□,\s\up1(1)) With the develpment f ecnmy (随着经济的发展)，mst peple's living standard has arisen.②In this regin eq \(□,\s\up1(2)) sme husehlds still have a lw incme (一些家庭仍然收入很低)and live prly.Luckily，the gvernment eq \(□,\s\up1(3)) is taking measures t change their life (正采取措施改变他们的生活).Firstly the gvernment eq \(□,\s\up1(4)) is making effrts t imprve (正努力提高)the develpment f ecnmy，fr example， eq \(□,\s\up1(5)) develping turism (发展旅游业).③Secndly they think educatin is very imprtant and all the children shuld receive educatin.
1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词
(1)prly→in pverty
(2)Luckily→Frtunately
(3)receive→have access t
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用while作并列连词合并句①和句②
With the develpment f ecnmy，mst peple's living standard had arisen while in this regin sme husehlds still had a lw incme and lived in pverty.
(2)用“f＋n.”改写句③
Secndly they think educatin is f great imprtance and all the children shuld have access t educatin.
语篇类型
应用文
主题语境
人与自我——学习——国外大学申请指导
语篇类型
说明文
主题语境
人与社会——社会生活——荷兰皇家壳牌石油公司的碳补偿计划
语篇类型
记叙文
主题语境
人与社会——社会生活——对昏倒在街头的人的不同态度
语篇类型
说明文
主题语境
人与自然——人与动物——杀戮动物等于扼杀人类的未来
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