高考英语概要写作专项突破

这是一份高考英语概要写作专项突破，共10页。试卷主要包含了Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Rck Climbing — cnservatinists’ new cncern
Nw, with its first appearance at this year’s Tky Olympics, the nce minrity sprt is set t reach new heights. Yet the ppularity f rck climbing and its sister sprt, buldering (where climbers scramble up large rcks withut the use f rpes r safety belts), is raising questins abut the damaging envirnmental effects f climbing chalk — a cmmn and essential climbing tl.
Made frm magnesium carbnate (碳酸镁), climbing chalk is the same substance that gymnasts and weightlifters use t imprve their grasp n bars and weights. In fact, it was first intrduced t rck climbing in the 1950s by Jhn Gill. Since then, amateur and prfessinal climbers alike have cme t depend n the chalk’s prperties f remving water and increasing frictin (摩擦力) — and have been leaving lng stripes f the stuff n rck faces arund the wrld.
The resulting “chalk graffiti” has becme s bad in the United States that parks are beginning t restrict its use. Utah’s Arches Natinal Park allws nly clred chalk that mstly matches rcks, while Clrad’s Garden f the Gds Natinal Natural Landmark banned all chalk and chalk substitutes.
Beynd the visual pllutin, new research suggests chalk may be harming the plants that grw n rcks. The latest study n the effects f climbing chalk, released Octber 2020, fund that it negatively impacted bth the grwing and survival f fur species f ferns and msses (蕨类和苔藓) inhabiting rcks in labratry settings.
That matters because sme climbing spts, such as erratic bulders (the study’s fcus), hst unique ecsystems. These unpredictable bulders — rcks scattered acrss the glbe by large masses f slwly flwing ice at the end f the Ice Age — are islands f vegetatin, different frm the land they sit n.
It’s nt even clear whether chalk imprves climbing perfrmance at all. Sme papers fund n additinal grip benefits, while thers fund the ppsite. Sme climbers may find it helpful, says Daniel Hepenstrick, a c-authr f the 2020 study and a dctral candidate at ETH Zürich.
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参考答案：
The ppularity f rck climbing has caused sme envirnmental prblems because f its essential climbing tl—climbing chalk. Besides the visual pllutin by “chalk graffiti”, the ecsystem unique t rck-dwelling species has been damaged, s many nature reserves set sme restrictins n chalk. Hwever, climbers hld different attitudes twards the effect f climbing chalk n their perfrmance. (57 wrds)
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，攀岩的流行造成了一些环境问题，重要的攀岩工具——攀岩粉笔，除了造成视觉的污染外，岩石物种特有的生态系统也受到了破坏，因此许多自然保护区对它进行了一些限制，至于这种粉笔是否对登山有益还不清楚，然而，一些登山者认为它是有用的。
1 要点摘录
①The ppularity f rck climbing and its sister sprt is raising questins abut the damaging envirnmental effects f climbing chalk.
②Climbing chalk have been leaving lng stripes f the stuff n rck faces arund the wrld.
③Sme parks are beginning t restrict its use.
④Beynd the visual pllutin, new research suggests chalk may be harming the plants that grw n rcks.
⑤It’s nt even clear whether chalk imprves climbing perfrmance at all.
2.缜密构思
将第1、5两个要点进行重组，将第2、3、4三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
The ppularity f rck climbing has caused sme envirnmental prblems because f its essential climbing tl—climbing chalk.
Besides the visual pllutin by “chalk graffiti”, the ecsystem unique t rck-dwelling species has been damaged, s many nature reserves set sme restrictins n chalk.
Climbers hld different attitudes twards the effect f climbing chalk n their perfrmance.
二．Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Nt setting hmewrk can be impssible in certain situatins. There are many arguments fr hmewrk, and mst teachers wuld agree with many f the fllwing: hmewrk is a perfect pprtunity t review what was dne with the teacher, and rethink and develp that initial input; hmewrk ffers a mment fr students t wrk as individuals and develp self-gvernance utside the classrm; students and parents expect hmewrk t be set and graded. Nevertheless, the drawbacks hmewrk may have are ften verlked.
There are tw key issues which need t be raised when dealing with the cncept f hmewrk. Firstly, there is the questin f hme. Often hmewrk is nt dne at hme at all, but at a friend’s huse, n the way back hme r t class. Additinally, fr it t be dne effectively at hme, hmewrk ften requires adults’ invlvement. Parents aren’t always available, fr sme very valid reasns, and a tutr’s ability t aid and guide may be limited in many ways. The implicatins are unsettling: if hmewrk is crucial t success in class, sme children have an autmatic disability.
If the idea f “hme” can be prblematic, s can the cncept f “wrk”. Very ften there is s much t d. Demand n their time means hmewrk is usually smething t get ut f the way as fast as pssible. It is nt always seen as useful time spent strengthening what is dne in class but, rather, as smething quickly finished. It might be crrect r nt, cpied frm a friend r cut and pasted frm the Internet, but the imprtant thing is that a teacher sees the exercise cmpleted and, as a result, the task achieved: hw much effrt went int that result is nt always appreciated r easy t evaluate and, even when wrk clearly falls belw standard, and the mere fact f its having been dne is ften gd enugh. Teacher and students are happy because everyne has fficially fulfilled their cmmitment.
The ideal that students g hme, review what they did with their teacher, use the great resurces t put everything they have learnt in class int practice, desn’t ften happen with sme students.
参考答案：
Thugh many argue hmewrk is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected. First, hmewrk is ften dne utside hme and withut guidance, it can’t be dne effectively. Besides, the effrts put int hmewrk are rarely appreciated r easy t assess, s everybdy is happy when seeing it finished, regardless f the quality. Therefre, the expected/desired effects f hmewrk are rarely achieved.
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了虽然许多人认为家庭作业是必要的，但它的缺点可能被忽略。文章进一步分析了布置家庭作业有哪些缺点。
1.要点摘录
①There are many arguments fr hmewrk, and mst teachers wuld agree with many f the fllwing.
②Nevertheless, the drawbacks hmewrk may have are ften verlked.
③Firstly, there is the questin f hme. Often hmewrk is nt dne at hme at all, but at a friend’s huse, n the way back hme r t class.
④but the imprtant thing is that a teacher sees the exercise cmpleted and, as a result, the task achieved: hw much effrt went int that result is nt always appreciated r easy t evaluate and, even when wrk clearly falls belw standard, and the mere fact f its having been dne is ften gd enugh. Teacher and students are happy because everyne has fficially fulfilled their cmmitment.
⑤The implicatins are unsettling: if hmewrk is crucial t success in class, sme children have an autmatic disability.
2.缜密构思
第1、2两个要点构成转折关系，第3、4两个要点是并列关系，分别陈述了两个不同的缺点，第5个要点进行总结，与上文形成因果关系
3.遣词造句
Thugh many argue hmewrk is necessary, its disadvantages may be neglected.
hmewrk is ften dne utside hme and withut guidance, it can’t be dne effectively.
the effrts put int hmewrk are rarely appreciated r easy t assess, s everybdy is happy when seeing it finished, regardless f the quality.
the expected/desired effects f hmewrk are rarely achieved.
三．Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Virtual Fitness
Exercise plays a very imprtant rle in a healthy lifestyle. But yu may nt have time r mney t g t a gym n a regular basis. The gd news is that tday's technlgy lets yu access fitness classes frm the cmfrt f yur hme. A quick Internet search will turn up thusands f nline fitness classes. Yu can watch vides n yur phne, cmputer r tablet and d the exercises right where yu are. All yu need is an Internet cnnectin and a space large enugh t mve arund in.
Online fitness classes take a wide variety f frms. Sme fcus n stretches and slw mvements. Other classes invlve fast aerbic activity, while thers build muscle strength. Sme require equipment such as weights, but thers use nly yur bdy. This means that yu can chse a class that des what yu like. And yu can try a different ne whenever yu like.
Anyne can pst a fitness vide n the Internet. Nt everyne knws what they are ding. S it is imprtant t think abut wh is teaching the class. Try t find teachers wh are certified by an rganizatin with a gd reputatin. I tried sme virtual fitness classes several years ag.The reasn was simple: cnvenience. I culd d a fitness class at any time f day. I didn't need t travel t a gym and back, which saved me a lt f time. But being able t wrk ut any time meant I kept putting it ff. I'd d everything else first and then the day wuld be ver. I’d never actually get arund t exercising.
Having t exercise at a definite time means I have t put it n my schedule. S fr me, scheduled classes such as thse at a gym are helpful.
Anyhw,if the gym isn't fr yu, yu may want t give an nline fitness class a try.
参考答案：
Mdern technlgy makes nline fitness classes pssible fr yu t wrkut right where yu are. With varius frms t chse , yu can try whichever class yu like. It’s vital t find a certified teacher with a gd reputatin. When trying appreciating the cnvenience that nline fitness classes bring , yu’d better schedule them ahead f time.
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代科技使在线健身课程成为可能，让你在原地锻炼。有各种形式可供选择，你可以尝试任何一个类你喜欢。找到一个有良好声誉的认证教师是至关重要的。当你尝试欣赏在线健身课程带来的便利时，你最好提前安排。
1 要点摘录①Tday's technlgy lets yu access fitness classes frm the cmfrt f yur hme. Online fitness classes、 d the exercises right where yu are.
② Online fitness classes take a wide variety f frms. Yu can chse a class that des what yu like.
③ Try t find teachers wh are certified by an rganizatin with a gd reputatin.
④The reasn was simple: cnvenience。 I have t put it n my schedule； give an nline fitness class a try.
2.缜密构思第一段为一个要点，第二段为第二个要点，第三段前半段单独一个要点，后半段与第四五段合并整合成一个要点。
3.遣词造句①Mdern technlgy makes nline fitness classes pssible fr yu t wrkut right where yu are.
②With varius frms t chse , yu can try whichever class yu like.
③It’s vital t find a certified teacher with a gd reputatin.
④When trying appreciating the cnvenience that nline fitness classes bring , yu’d better schedule them ahead f time.
四．Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Senirity in Prmtin Is Nt a Wise Business Practice
It's nt always an easy decisin fr cmpanies when it cmes t filling managerial spts. In the past prmting an emplyee has been ppularly handled by means f basic analysis f the emplyees' past perfrmance nd senirity, In sme cases, the individual's perfrmance has been cnsidered mre imprtant while in thers the amunt f time they have been with the cmpany has been the deciding factr. Nevertheless, senirity is a standard that has never been left ut, Hwever, in the cntemprary business wrld, the imprtance f senirity in prmtin is being destryed as a grwing number f cmpanies lk utside f their rganizatins when trying t fill tp managerial spts.
Unlike experienced emplyees wh have been with the cmpany fr a lng time, new peple are mare likely generate creative ideas. In rapidly changing markets, innvative and creative talents are sught by many cmpanies in rder t adapt t the market. T meet their needs, cmpanies have mre t gain by selecting utside emplyees since they are mre willing t try new techniques and less afraid f breaking traditin when intrducing new ideas. Thus, rather than prmting existing emplyees, it might be a wiser management decisin t bring in utside talent.
An additinal advantage t this new system is that it prevents emplyees frm feeling that they nly need t wait fr their senirity t prvide them with a prmtin. Simply put n matter hw lng they have been with the cmpany, emplyees have t cntribute diligently t the rganizatin if they want t mve up the career ladder, As sn as peple realize that the cmpany culd just as easily bring in a new persn, emplyees will stp judging themselves against each ther because they are n lnger cmpeting against their clleagues but everyne in the entire industry. As a result, they will begin t shw mre effrt t bring the level f their wrk up t what they imagine is a much higher standard.
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参考答案：
Nwadays, mre cmpanies prefer t select utside emplyees in prmtin instead f cnsidering emplyees' past perfrmance and senirity mainly fr tw reasns/advantages. One is that utside emplyees are mre likely t prduce creative ideas, which helps cmpanies adapt t the market. The ther is that it stps emplyees thinking their senirity guarantees a prmtin, which helps enhancing emplyees' wrk level.
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，在过去，公司提拔员工是通过对员工过去的表现和资历的分析。然而，在当代的商业世界，为了适应市场的变化，为了满足他们的需要，公司更愿意选择并提拔外部员工。他们更愿意引入新思路和新技术，也不害怕打破传统。因此，与提拔现有员工相比，从外部引进员工可能是一个更明智的管理决策。
1 要点摘录①It's nt always an easy decisin fr cmpanies when it cmes t filling managerial spts.
②Hwever, in the cntemprary business wrld, the imprtance f senirity in prmtin is being destryed as a grwing number f cmpanies lk utside f their rganizatins when trying t fill tp managerial spts.
③Unlike experienced emplyees wh have been with the cmpany fr a lng time, new peple are mare likely generate creative ideas.
④An additinal advantage t this new system is that it prevents emplyees frm feeling that they nly need t wait fr their senirity t prvide them with a prmtin.
2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句In the cntemprary business wrld, there is n need t cnsider emplyee’s senirity.
The mst imprtant things fr a cmpany are innvative and creative talents .
Outside emplyees are mre likely t prduce creative ideas, which helps cmpanies adapt t the market.
It stps emplyees thinking their senirity guarantees a prmtin, which helps enhancing emplyees' wrk level.
五．Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Bigraphers (传记作家) gather infrmatin frm many different surces. Legal dcuments and persnal papers can reveal facts such as a persn’s birthplace, incme, number f children, and lifespan. Letters r a diary may cntain valuable infrmatin abut the persn’s friends and activities, thughts and feelings. All f these materials are called primary surces because they cntain firsthand infrmatin ---- infrmatin that des nt depend n the pinins r interpretatins f thers.
A bigrapher als checks secndary surces. The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died lng ag, the bigrapher lks fr anything written abut him r her. Secndary surces supply secndhand infrmatin, and s a bigrapher must use them with care. The subject’s friends will want the bigraphy t be favrable, while thers may wish it t be unfavrable. The bigrapher must avid bth extremes. The bigrapher’s jb is nt t make readers like r dislike the subject, but t give as cmplete and truthful a picture f the persn as pssible. This means the bigraphy shuld include bth gd and bad qualities, bth accmplishments and mistakes. James Bswell, the authr f a great bigraphy f his friend Samuel Jhnsn, wrte, “And he will be seen as he really was; fr I prfess t write, nt his panegyric (颂文), which must all praise, but his life, which, great and gd as he was, must nt be suppsed t be entirely perfect.”
Much bigraphical writing falls shrt f Bswell’s standards. Ancient recrds f the deeds f kings and emperrs were written t praise and flatter these rulers. Writers f saints’ (圣人) lives in the Middle Ages were ften mre interested in the mral message than the events f a life. Many 19th-century bigraphers did nt reveal any imprper r embarrassing details f their subjects’ lives. Thugh they may be interesting r inspiring, these wrks fail as bigraphies chiefly because their purpse is t pint up a mral rather than describe an individual.
参考答案：
A bigrapher cllects infrmatin frm primary surces and secndary surces. The frmer cntain firsthand infrmatin abut the subject’s life, while the latter supply ther peple’s pinins abut the subject. As a qualified bigrapher, he shuld be bjective in describing the subject cmpletely and truthfully, (just as James Bswell did.) Hwever, quite a few bigraphies fail t d s.
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传记作家的资料来源以及作为一名合格的传记作家，应该客观、完整、真实地描述主题。
1.要点摘录
①All f these materials are called primary surces because they cntain firsthand infrmatin ---- infrmatin that des nt depend n the pinins r interpretatins f thers.
②A bigrapher als checks secndary surces.
③The subject’s friends and relatives may be interviewed. If the subject died lng ag, the bigrapher lks fr anything written abut him r her.
④The bigrapher’s jb is nt t make readers like r dislike the subject, but t give as cmplete and truthful a picture f the persn as pssible.
⑤Much bigraphical writing falls shrt f Bswell’s standards.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A bigrapher cllects infrmatin frm primary surces and secndary surces. The frmer cntain firsthand infrmatin abut the subject’s life, while the latter supply ther peple’s pinins abut the subject.
As a qualified bigrapher, he shuld be bjective in describing the subject cmpletely and truthfully.
Hwever, quite a few bigraphies fail t d s.