高考英语概要写作专项训练

这是一份高考英语概要写作专项训练，共21页。试卷主要包含了Directins等内容，欢迎下载使用。

概要写作
1．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Cycling isn’t always easy. Busy streets, honking horns, and inadequate bike lanes can make it an uphill battle. But not even these difficulties can stop Europeans’ passion for cycling. According to BBC, bicycles outsold cars in most of the European Union’s states last year.
There are traditional bicycle capitals”, such as Amsterdam in the Netherlands and Copenhagen in Denmark. But in many other traditionally car-made countries, the shift to bikes is striking. Italians, for instance, bought 1.6 million bikes against 1.4 million cars in 2012.
So what has led to cycling’s growing popularity in Europe?
The economic crisis has played an important role in the issue. “The economic crisis has had an effect on all areas of people’s lives, including on transport,” Giulietta Pagliaccio, head of the Italian cycling federation FIAB, told the Australian Associated Press.
Since the European debt crisis broke out in 2009, more people lost their jobs while the cost of living, including fuel costs, continued to rise. It forced many people to give up driving to save money, the Guangzhou-based New Express commented. Take Greece, a country seriously hit by the crisis, for example. It sold 320,000 bikes last year against 58,000 cars.
More importantly, people have changed their views toward cars and bikes. Cars are losing their appeal as status symbols. Yet, cycling is now seen as “a safe, clean, healthy, inexpensive way to get around town”, the Daily Star concluded. “It not only reduces traffic jam and pollution, but also contributes to public health.”
However, with more and more people turning to cycling, questions remain about traffic and safety problems.
To ease people’s worries, dozens of cities have joined a European Union to make bicycles equal to cars as a form of urban transport. Quite a few cities now offer well-marked bike lanes, such as the cycling super-highway marked in blue in London. It runs all over the city, from the center to the suburbs.
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2．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
91. The Problem of Packaging
A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. To understand why this is true, think of the packaging commonly used for a simple product, such as toothpaste. The packaging includes not only the tube for the toothpaste, but also the box for the tube. This box is put into a plastic wrapper. Then, the boxes are transported in a cardboard container.
Most packaging material ends up in a landfill after it is thrown away. Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.
People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials. In 1991, Germany took the lead by requiring companies to recycle the packaging used for their goods. To do this, the companies set up recycling bins in every neighborhood. Consumers now separate their rubbish into three categories—metal, plastic and paper cartons. They then put it into the appropriate bin. The rubbish sorted, it is transported to recycling company for processing.
The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again. One reason for this is that many consumers no longer reduce waste because they think the problem is solved. It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.
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3．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
“Did you hear what happened to Adam Last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did, Sean told me two days ago.”
What are Lindsey and Tori talking about? I can tell you what they are saying is not nice and not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic - breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out - that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie, people often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group”.
Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
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4．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
It’s no laughing matter
Much research has been conducted about why humans laugh and what they laugh at—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines. So, why do we laugh?
The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism. Studies have shown that humans are over 30 times more likely to laugh with others than alone. Even “laughing gas” works more effectively on a group of people than on a single person. We all know that laughter can be very infectious.
Some researchers believe that laughter in humans was born out of the relief our ancestors felt after danger had passed. If smiling in humans is considered an extension of the “fear” face in primates (灵长类动物), then laughter is a signal that the fear has gone. When we laugh, our “fight or flight” reaction to danger is temporarily switched off, further indicating that we now feel relaxed. So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.
Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older. Children find a lot to laugh about, as they are encountering so many things for the first time, which offers constant surprises. Teenagers often like jokes that adults find annoying, while adults often laugh at jokes about funny things in their own everyday lives. Furthermore, because a lot of our humor comes from a shared cultural background, countless jokes don’t cross language and cultural barriers, with the result that what’s funny in Australia may well not be in Austria.
Regardless of what different people find funny, people ought to laugh as much as they can. While we’re laughing, we increase the killer cells that destroy viruses. So, the next time someone tells you they nearly died laughing, tell them it’s far from the truth!
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5．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
A psychologist once said. “If you’ve conquered every one of your fears, congratulations — you’re dead.” This humorous quote points to a simple truth — no one can escape fear completely.
However, fear can be a good thing. It is a natural, healthy reaction to danger. In fact, sometimes we are afraid of things that aren’t dangerous such as public speaking, failing a test or being rejected. These unhealthy fears can keep us from achieving our dreams. So how can we successfully face our fears?
First, admit what you fear and then share it with someone you trust. Perhaps you worry that others would look down on you if they know what you fear, but you might be surprised at how many other people share the same fears. Learning you’re not the only one who fears something will give you self-esteem (自尊心) a push. Second, ask yourself, “What is the worst scenario (最坏的情况)?” This question can help you gain perspective (洞察力). If you think about it, the worst might not be that bad, after all. Compared with the fear of losing a contest or being turned down, the regret of having missed opportunities can be even harder to bear. Even worse, you will never know what you might have accomplished. Finally, take more steps toward conquering your fears. If you fear public speaking, start by giving a small talk to a few people. If your talk doesn’t go well, try again. Each small success will increase your confidence and persistence is one of the keys to success.
You might never completely conquer your fear of certain things, but what is important is that you can bring yourself to do what you fear. True bravery is feeling afraid but doing what you have to do anyway. It’s also true that you struggle with fear and don’t let your fear stop you from getting the most out of life.
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6．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Why we choose scrolling over sleeping
Imagine cozying up in your bed after a long day. You scroll through your favorite social media apps for what feels like ten minutes, but then you realize hours have passed. It’s now 2:30 am, and you know you need to get some sleep to wake up refreshed for work. But you just can’t get yourself to stop scrolling and turn in for the night. You promise yourself just five more minutes -- then it’s 3:00 am.
If you can relate to this scenario, you’re not alone. Now called “revenge bedtime procrastination,” the Sleep Foundation describes this phenomenon as the tendency “to sacrifice sleep for leisure time that is driven by a daily schedule lacking in free time.”
People who spend most of their waking hours experience a severe lack of “me time” in which they can be free of responsibilities. Nowadays, some people feel guilty even for resting, so there is a strong desire for uninterrupted personal time.
Daphne Lee, the journalist whose viral tweet popularized the term, describes revenge bedtime procrastination as an attempt to regain control of our lives. If you are spending most of the day working for someone else, following someone else’s orders, and disciplining yourself into doing what you’re “supposed” to do, it is only natural to desire freedom — at least for the few quiet hours around midnight.
Revenge bedtime procrastination is experienced differently by various groups, despite being motivated by the same reasons. Parents of young children spend most of their day trying to balance work and childcare, so there is a powerful desire to spend some time alone, free of all obligations. For many parents, this is only possible at night when work hours are over and the kids are asleep. Likewise, college students with a demanding class schedule and workers who put in a lot of overtime may be particularly susceptible to bedtime procrastination.
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7．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Fun Ways to Get a Mental Workout
Your grandfather is sitting in the living room working on a crossword puzzle on a Saturday morning. He thinks these word puzzles are fun, but he also does them for another reason — a mental workout.
The term “mental muscles” describes your brain’s ability to accomplish certain tasks. Like the muscles in your body, your brain’s “muscles” need exercise. While your brain works all the time, the work does not necessarily exercise your brain. In addition, sometimes your brain just needs time to relax and play. It is believed that brain games, like crossword puzzles, make your brain work while playing. They build your concentration by making you focus on certain skills for a long time. For example, when doing a Sudoku puzzle, you focus on organization. Other games that may improve brain power are jigsaw puzzles, mahjong and chess. They can help you to recognize patterns, solve problems and memorize information.
Games build your brain by making you think differently than you normally do. For example, crosswords use clues to help you fill in a grid with words. A crossword clue might be “a fruit with yellow skin.” Your answer must fit in the grid. The word for this clue has six boxes. To fill in those boxes, you need to answer the clue with the word “banana.” Other words in the puzzle share some of the same letters. Because of this, answers to previous clues help you find answers to other clues. Crosswords make you remember the words you know and also help you learn new words. Therefore, filling out crosswords builds vocabulary and memory.
A puzzle that is too hard isn’t any fun. So pick out something that is fun for you, and enjoy building you brain. A game that doesn’t challenge you doesn’t makes your brain work hard enough. So choose a game that will improve a skill yow are working on.
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8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible.
A Brief History of Silk
Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured. However, the history of silk has not always been as smooth as the fabric (织物) itself.
Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began. The fabric comes from silkworms which, although tiny when born, grow rapidly in size. Indeed, on a strict diet of mulberry leaves, it is estimated that they increase in weight by 10,000% over the first six weeks of their life. When they are fully grown, the silkworms create a cocoon—a protective shell made of silk. They then crawl inside in order to prepare for their next stage of development. However, for commercial silk production, these cocoons are then boiled, killing the worm inside, to ensure that the silk is not damaged. After this, the silk is gathered and prepared. A single cocoon can produce between 300 and 900 metres of silk thread.
Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Likewise, in the sixth century, two monks managed to take some eggs all the way back to their native Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul, in Turkey). This was an event of great importance, since Europe was form that point able to manufacture its own silk.
Before the monks’ success in bringing the silkworms out of China, Europeans were dependent on merchants bringing the fabric from East Asia across the mountain roads of Central Asia and the Middle East. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
Although man-made fibres (纤维) are cheaper and easier to manufacture, the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
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9．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Multicultural Education
The changing populations of students in American schools has brought come changes in what is taught in the schools as well.
One in three students in U.S. schools is a member of a racial or ethnic minority group, and one in five lives with a parent who was born outside the United States. Ethnic and racial minorities have criticized schools and textbooks for focusing too much on the literature and historical events of Anglo-Europeans or white males. They believe that schools have almost ignored the contributions of African Americans, Latinos, or Native Americans. Some have charged that American history has been told from the perspective of Anglo-Europeans, rather than exploring historical events from the various perspectives of those involved.
For example, the frontier movement west has been presented more from the perspective of descendants of white settlers than from the perspectives of the descendants oi the Native Americans who were moved in the process.
During the 1990s. schools began to seriously examine their curricula and to try to incorporate more varied cultural information and perspectives into education. These attempts to provide multicultural education have ranged from simply adding information and literature to the current textbooks and curricula, to more sweeping attempts to transform the basic curriculum into one which is more reflective of the diversity of the students who will study it.
At the most basic level, many schools celebrate African-American History Month or Hispanic Heritage Month, or they have international festivals which include dancing, singing, and foods from the native countries of their students. At a deeper level, many schools have adopted history or social studies textbooks which include more information about African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and other minorities, or American literature texts that include poetry and fiction written by Americans of all ethnic backgrounds.
In some colleges, the traditional set of Western great books, sometimes called “the canon,” has been replaced by a much broader set of literary texts, reflecting the experiences and backgrounds of the students who will be reading them.
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10．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Help migrant workers
There is nothing like going home. More so if it is for the Spring Festival family reunion. For a migrant worker it perhaps means even more. To be able to set out on a homeward journey with money from a year’s toil in his pocket is the best thing he can think of. Unfortunately, weeks preceding the Spring Festival have turned out to be hard times for migrant workers.
About 200 million migrant workers nationwide are something left behind by economic reforms and opening up due to their contributions in the past three decades. It is almost impossible to imagine life in these places without them. However, they still form a disadvantaged group. Their rights are violated in different forms. Among other things, unpaid salaries are the most painful of such violations that are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions. Some have repeatedly climbed up chimneys threatening to jump to their death unless they get their defaulted salaries.
Objectively speaking, governments at various levels have done a great deal in helping these workers recover their defaulted salaries. They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them. Yet, as the financial crisis bites deep, some small enterprises that are struck the most try to reduce their economic losses by laying off migrant workers or refusing to pay them. So it is particularly important for governments at all levels to do an even better job in helping villager-turned workers recover their unpaid salaries before the Spring Festival.
It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special task forces to conduct inspections in those labor-intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their migrant workers in a timely manner. Construction commissions in almost all provinces have published hot lines for farmer-turned constructions workers to lodge complaints against their employers for withholding their salaries. Hopefully, these efforts will send more workers on a happy journey home for the Spring Festival with their salaries in their pockets. But we need to look for solutions that will work at all times. We need to put in place a mechanism that will effectively prevent employers from holding back salaries to workers.
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1．Cycling on the roads is tough, but bicycles are becoming more and more popular in Europe. The reason for the popularization of cycling in Europe lies in economic crisis. What is more important is that people have changed their attitudes towards cars and bicycles. As more and more ride bicycles, traffic and safety problems remain. Many cities offer well-marked bike lanes to ease people’s worries.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。首先提到，自行车上路如此艰难， 但为什么在欧洲如此受欢迎；紧接着提出两个原因。第一，是经济危机起着重要作用；第二，更重要的是人们改变了对汽车和自行车的看法。最后提到，为了交通和安全问题很多城市设立了良好的自行车道。
【详解】1. 要点摘录

①But not even these difficulties can stop Europeans’ passion for cycling. According to BBC, bicycles outsold cars in most of the European Union’s states last year.
②The economic crisis has played an important role in the issue.
③More importantly, people have changed their atitidues towards cars and bicycles.
④To ease people’s worries, dozens of cities have joined a European Union to make bicycles equal to cars as a form of urban transport.
2. 缜密构思
将第1个要点作为文章主旨句，第2和3个要点进行整合，第四个要点是解决问题的方法。
3. 遣词造句
These difficulties can not stop Europeans’ passion for cycling, but increased the sales of bicycles in most of the European Union’s states last year.
It is important that people have changed their atitidues towards cars and bicycles.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Cycling on the roads is tough, but bicycles are becoming more and more popular in Europe. （动名词作主语）
【高分句型2】What is more important is that people have changed their atitidues towards cars and bicycles. （句中what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句）
【高分句型3】As more and more ride bicycles, traffic and safety problems come with them.（as引导时间状语从句）

2．About one third of rubbish comes from packaging materials, which cause damage to air and water during their production process. And after ending up in landfills, packaging materials can also pollute the soil. Previous measures have achieved temporary success, but the problem remains a great concern. Everyone should be alert and play a part to address it.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，大约三分之一的垃圾来自包装材料，它们在生产过程中对空气和水造成破坏。包装材料在被填埋后还会污染土壤。以前的措施取得了暂时的成功，但这个问题仍然是一个大问题。每个人都应该警惕并发挥作用来解决这个问题。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①A large source of rubbish is packaging material. It often makes up more than 30 percent of the total. Landfills not included, the production of packaging material itself is a major source of air and water pollution.
②Though necessary, landfills take up valuable space, often stink, and can leak harmful substances into the soil.
③People are now trying to solve the problems caused by packaging materials.
④The programme worked well at first. However, the amount of rubbish has begun to increase again.  It seems that to properly deal with the problem of rubbish, everyone must remain alert and do their part.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
About one third of rubbish comes from packaging materials, which cause damage to air and water during their production process.
And after ending up in landfills, packaging materials can also pollute the soil.
Previous measures have achieved temporary success, but the problem remains a great concern.
Everyone should be alert and play a part to address it.
【点睛】[高分句型1] About one third of rubbish comes from packaging materials, which cause damage to air and water during their production process.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] And after ending up in landfills, packaging materials can also pollute the soil.用动名词对第二段进行了概括。
3．Gossip has three effects. First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about. Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors. So, people should consider the effects of gossiping.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了传播流言带来的影响。先用对话引出现象，再对产生的三个影响分别作了详细的解释说明，最后提出作者观点——在传播流言之前请三思而行。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Many of our conversations are gossip. I have noticed the effects of gossip.
②An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.
③That answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t.
④Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act.
⑤The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
2.缜密构思
将1，5两个要点进行概括整理，将2，3，4 三个要点进行梳理。
3.遣词造句
First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about.
Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group.
Third, it strengthens hidden rules people act in policing behaviors.
【点睛】[高分句型1] ：First, embarrassing secrets and cruel lies can hurt the person being talked about.  运用一个简单句对第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] ：Moreover, sharing the latest rumor gives a person the satisfaction to be in a group. 运用了动名词作主语对第五段内容进行概括。
4．It’s believed that people laugh to get each other closer, and are more likely to laugh within a group. Laugher is also considered a way to fight stress and anxiety. However, people may laugh at different things, which change with age and vary from culture to culture. Anyway, laughter does good to our health so we need to laugh more.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，心理学家，还有哲学家关于人类为什么笑以及他们笑什么，已经进行了很多研究。人们认为通过笑来拉近社交距离，在一个群体中更容易笑。笑也被认为是对抗压力和焦虑的一种方式。然而，引发人们笑的原因会随着年龄的增长而变化，也会因文化的不同而不同。无论如何，笑对我们的健康有好处，所以我们需要多笑。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Much research has been conducted about laugh-—not only by psychologists, but also by philosophers, for the study of laughter crosses many disciplines.
②The general belief is that humans laugh as a social bonding mechanism.
③So laughter is a way of discharging stress and anxiety.④Although laughter is universal, people don’t always laugh at the same things, and what people find funny often changes as they get older and varies with cultural backgrounds.
⑤ We ought to laugh as much as they can.
2.缜密构思将第2、3两个要点进行整合，将第4、5两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句It's believed that laughing together can make people feel closer.
Whenever people feel relaxed or danger is removed, they laugh.
What makes people laugh varies with ages and cultural backgrounds.
【点睛】[高分句型1]  It’s believed that people laugh to get each other closer, and are more likely to laugh within a group. 用一个主从复合句对第二段内容作了概括，使用了主语从句和be likely to do结构
[高分句型2]：Laugher is also considered a way to fight stress and anxiety. 运用了动词不定式作后置定语，概括了第三段内容。
[高分句型3]：However, people may laugh at different things, which change with age and vary from culture to culture.用一个复杂的主从复合句概括了第四段内容。使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
5．Fear, either response to danger or an obstacle to success, is unavoidable, but it can be handed properly as follows. Acknowledging what you fear and letting trustworthy people know are the first step and then consider the worst situation to get a better understanding of it. Finally, it’s also important to make efforts step by against fear. Though fear can’t be defeated thoroughly, you should face and struggle with it bravely to achieve the greatest gains in life.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何克服恐惧的一些策略。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①However, fear can be a good thing. It is a natural, healthy reaction to danger.
②These unhealthy fears can keep us from achieving our dreams.
③So, how can we successfully face our fears?
④First, admit what you fear and then share it with someone you trust.
⑤Second, ask yourself, “What is the worst scenario (最坏的情况)?”
⑥ Finally, take more steps toward conquering your fears.
⑦It’s also true that you struggle with fear and don’t let your fear stop you from getting the most out of life.
2.缜密深思
将要点1、2整合；要点4、5、6重组；要点7整合。
3. 遣词造句
Fear, a natural, healthy reaction to danger, is either good or keeps us from achieving our dreams.
For a start, admit what you fear and share it with someone you trust.
Second, ask the worst scenario you’re facing and take effective measures to conquer the fear in the next place.
The truth is that you struggle with fear and don’t let fear stop you from getting the most out of life.
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Acknowledging what you fear and letting trustworthy people know are the first step and then consider the worst situation to get a better understanding of it. (运用了动名词短语作主语和what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】
Though fear can’t be defeated thoroughly, you should face and struggle with it bravely to achieve the greatest gains in life.(运用了Though引导让步状语从句)
6．Retaliatory bedtime procrastination is a natural attempt to regain control of your life. The sacrifice of sleep for leisure time is caused by the lack of free time in the daily schedule. Despite the same motivation, vengeful bedtime procrastination is experienced differently by different groups.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了人们晚上不睡觉浏览社交媒体的原因。报复性拖延时间是重获生活控制权的一种自然尝试。为了休闲时间而牺牲睡眠是由于日常安排中缺乏自由时间造成的。尽管动机相同，但不同群体对报复性睡前拖延症的体验不同。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①the Sleep Foundation describes this phenomenon as the tendency “to sacrifice sleep for leisure time that is driven by a daily schedule lacking in free time.”
②People who spend most of their waking hours experience a severe lack of “me time” in which they can be free of responsibilities.
③Daphne Lee, the journalist whose viral tweet popularized the term, describes revenge bedtime procrastination as an attempt to regain control of our lives.
④Revenge bedtime procrastination is experienced differently by various groups, despite being motivated by the same reasons.
2.缜密构思将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Retaliatory bedtime procrastination is a natural attempt to regain control of your life.
The sacrifice of sleep for leisure time is caused by the lack of free time in the daily schedule.Despite the same motivation, vengeful bedtime procrastination is experienced differently by different groups.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Retaliatory bedtime procrastination is a natural attempt to regain control of your life, during which they can get rid of duty.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第二段和第三段进行了概括。其中which引导的非限制性的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]The sacrifice of sleep for leisure time is caused by the lack of free time in the daily schedule. 用被动语态对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
7．Considered as mental workouts, brain games provide fun ways to exercise your brain. Your concentration is built by focusing on certain tasks in these games, through which your brain power such as organization, recognition is improved. Playing brain games helps you to think differently. So, choose fun games of moderate difficulty because they work best for your brain. (58)
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，脑力游戏被认为是脑力锻炼，它提供了锻炼大脑的有趣方法。你的注意力是通过专注于这些游戏中的特定任务而建立起来的，通过这些任务，你的大脑能力（如组织能力、识别能力）会得到提高。玩脑力游戏可以帮助你以不同的方式思考。所以，选择难度适中的有趣游戏，因为它们对你的大脑最有益。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①He thinks these word puzzles are fun, but he also does them for another reason — a mental workout. Like the muscles in your body, your brain’s “muscles” need exercise.
②For example, when doing a Sudoku puzzle, you focus on organization. Other games that may improve brain power are jigsaw puzzles, mahjong and chess. They can help you to recognize patterns, solve problems and memorize information.
③Games build your brain by making you think differently than you normally do.
④A game that doesn’t challenge you doesn’t makes your brain work hard enough. So choose a game that will improve a skill yow are working on.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
Considered as mental workouts, brain games provide fun ways to exercise your brain.
Your concentration is built by focusing on certain tasks in these games, through which your brain power such as organization, recognition is improved.
Playing brain games helps you to think differently.
So, choose fun games of moderate difficulty because they work best for your brain.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Playing brain games helps you to think differently.用动名词作主语对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
[高分句型2] So, choose fun games of moderate difficulty because they work best for your brain.运用because引导原因状语从句对最后一段进行了概括。
8．版本一：Comfortable to wear, silk is as popular today as it was first manufactured. However it’s basic silk-production process has little changed since it was originally produced in China. With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road. It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match.
版本二：Silk has been popular for almost 5000 years, and its production hasn’t changed much. It is made from cocoons, protective shells created by silkworms. Before two monks brought silk to Europe in the 6th century, China used to be the only country that produced silk and Silk Road was the route through which silk was transported to other countries.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了丝绸的历史：丝绸缎优点、生产过程、出口以及丝绸之路的形成和未来广阔的市场。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Comfortable to wear whether the weather is hot or cold, silk is as popular today as it was 5,000 years ago when it was first manufactured.
②Today’s basic silk-production process has changed very little since it first began.
③Although today silk is both grown and worn worldwide, the original production of silk was restricted to China. Indeed, so much silk was transported that this trade route became known as Silk Road.
④the beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
2.缜密构思
将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
However it’s basic silk-production process has changed little very little since it first began.
As a result of so much silk was exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.
The beauty of silk is difficult to match, and there is always likely to be a large international market.
【点睛】[高分句型1] With so much silk exported abroad, the trade route became known as Silk Road.运用一个with复合结构对原文第三段和第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]It is expected to be a large international market because the beauty of silk is difficult to match. 用固定句型It is expected to be对第五段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
9．One possible version:
Since the minority group students have been complaining about the injustice of education, such as the curricula standards and contents of textbooks, schools have tried to fix the problem since the 1990s. The attempts of providing multicultural education include adding more information to the textbooks and holding various activities to reflect the diversity of students.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，由于少数民族学生对课程标准和教科书内容等教育不公的不满，学校从90年代开始着手解决问题。提供多元文化教育的尝试包括在教科书中增加更多的信息和举办各种活动来反映学生的多样性。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Ethnic and racial minorities have criticized schools and textbooks for focusing too much on the literature and historical events of Anglo-Europeans or white males.
②During the 1990s. schools began to seriously examine their curricula and to try to incorporate more varied cultural information and perspectives into education.
③These attempts to provide multicultural education have ranged from simply adding information and literature to the current textbooks and curricula, to more sweeping attempts to transform the basic curriculum into one which is more reflective of the diversity of the students who will study it.
④At the most basic level, many schools celebrate African-American History Month or Hispanic Heritage Month, or they have international festivals which include dancing, singing, and foods from the native countries of their students.
⑤In some colleges, the traditional set of Western great books, sometimes called “the canon,” has been replaced by a much broader set of literary texts, reflecting the experiences and backgrounds of the students who will be reading them.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3和4、5四个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Since the minority group students have been complaining about the injustice of education, such as the curricula standards and contents of textbooks, schools have tried to fix the problem since the 1990s.
The attempts of providing multicultural education include adding more information to the textbooks and holding various activities to reflect the diversity of students.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Since the minority group students have been complaining about the injustice of education, such as the curricula standards and contents of textbooks, schools have tried to fix the problem since the 1990s.运用since引导原因状语从句对原文第二段和第四段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]The attempts of providing multicultural education include adding more information to the textbooks and holding various activities to reflect the diversity of students.用动名词作宾语对最后两段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
10．A possible version
Migrant workers are usually denied their pay. Despite their continued help, they are neglected by economic reform and opening up, rights violated, thus forming a disadvantaged group. Some resort to extreme measures to recover their defaulted salaries. Fortunately, governments are trying their best to help the farmer-turned workers and put in place effective protection mechanism for them.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，移徙工人通常被拒付工资。尽管他们得到了不断的帮助，但他们在经济改革开放中被忽视，权利受到侵犯，形成了弱势群体。有些人采取极端措施追讨拖欠的工资。幸运的是，各国政府都在尽力帮助农民工，并为他们建立有效的保护机制。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Migrant workers form a disadvantaged group and their rights are violated in different forms.
②Governments at various levels have done a great deal in helping these workers recover their defaulted salaries. They have taken measures to prevent employers from holding back payments to them.
③Unpaid salaries are likely to drive a migrant worker to desperate actions. Some have repeatedly climbed up chimneys threatening to jump to their death unless they get their defaulted salaries.
④It is good news that quite a number of local governments have organized special task forces to conduct inspections in those labor-intensive enterprises to make sure they have paid their migrant workers in a timely manner.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Migrant workers are usually denied their pay.
Despite their continued help, they are neglected by economic reform and opening up, rights violated, thus forming a disadvantaged group.
Some resort to extreme measures to recover their defaulted salaries.
Fortunately, governments are trying their best to help the farmer-turned workers and put in place effective protection mechanism for them.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Despite their continued help, they are neglected by economic reform and opening up, rights violated, thus forming a disadvantaged group.运用非谓语动词对原文第二段进行了概括。其中forming现在分词作状语表达高级。
[高分句型2]：Some resort to extreme measures to recover their defaulted salaries. 用动词不定式作目的状语，表达非常高级。