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【命题趋势和规律】
研究近几年高考试题可以发现，高考阅读理解设置的问题往往反映了一篇文章的主要信息和脉络，命题者通常从以下几个维度设题：
段首、段尾句：第一段首句或末段末句往往反映了文章的主题或中心思想；某一段的段首句或段尾句往往是该段的主题句。因此，命题者一般针对它们设置主旨大意题目。
转折、对比处：一般来说，表示转折意义的信号词but、hwever、yet、n the cntrary、in fact或体现对比关系的提示词unlike、while等后的内容往往是表意重点。因此，命题者常常抓住这一特点设置推理判断、观点态度等题目。
引用人物论断处：为了表达自己的观点或使论点更有说服力，作者常常引用他人的论断或重要发现进行证明。命题者常常针对它们设置推理判断题目。
体现因果关系处：命题者常常针对体现因果关系的because、fr、since、nw that、as a result、cnsequently、result in、result frm等信号词设置细节理解、推理判断、观点态度题目。
举例子、打比方处：为了使自己的观点更有说服力，作者常常采用举例子或打比方等方法。命题者常常抓住fr example、fr instance、such as、as等设置意图态度、推理判断等题目。
复杂句式处：复杂句式一般包括同位语、插入语、长难句等，它们往往对考生准确理解文意形成障碍。命题者往往针对这些复杂句式设置词义猜测、推理判断等题目。
特殊标点处：破折号、冒号、括号、引号后的内容往往是对前面内容的进一步解释、说明或补充。命题者往往针对这些标点符号后的内容设置细节理解 推理判断 主旨大音等题目
通读全文，把握主题知大意
考生在有限的时间里，充分利用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧速读全文，抓住关键词、高频词、主题句、标题、副标题、插图、表格等关键信息，把握文章结构，快速确定文章主旨大意。
关注细节，理清思路与脉络
记叙文多以时间或空间为线索展开故事；议论文通常包含论点、论据和结论，通过解释、举例来阐述观点；说明文往往有明确的写作顺序。抓住这些特点并结合文章细节，可以在最短的时间内理清文章思路，把握主旨大意。
删繁就简，突破难句捕
遇到结构复杂的句子，要善于略去修饰成分，如定语（从句）、状语（从句）、同位语(从句）等，抓住句子的关键成分，即句子的主干成分，如主语、谓语和宾语，从而迅速锁定句子意思
技巧助力，轻松应考走捷径
在阅读理解的过程中，只要考生把握高考命题的规律，熟练运用略读、扫读、跳读等阅读技巧，就可以获得事半功倍的效果，提高正确率
（2021·北京·高考真题）I remember the day during ur first week f class when we were infrmed abut ur semester（学期） prject f vlunteering at a nn-prfit rganizatin．When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．
Then，an OIC representative gave us sme details，which smewhat interested me．After ding sme research， I believed that we culd really d smething fr thse kids．When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children．Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin．We decided t cllect as many schl supplies as pssible，and make them int kits——ne kit，ne child．
The mst rewarding day fr ur grup was prject day，when all the effrts we put int cllecting the items finally came tgether．When I saw the varius supplies we had cllected，it hit me that every kit we were t build that day wuld eventually be in the hands f an Iraqi child．Over the past fur mnths，I had never imagined hw I wuld feel nce ur prject was cmpleted．While making the kits，I realized that I had lst sight f the true meaning behind it．I had nly fcused n the fact that it was anther schl prject and ne I wanted t get a gd grade n．When the kits were cmpleted，and ready t be sent verseas，the warm feeling I had was ne I wuld never frget．
In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn．Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．
1．Hw did the authr feel abut jining the OIC prject in the beginning？
A．It wuld affect his/her initial plans．
B．It wuld invlve traveling verseas．
C．It wuld nt bring him/her a gd grade．
D．It wuld nt live up t his/her expectatins．
2．What mainly helped the authr change his/her attitude tward the prject？
A．Images f Iraqi children．B．Research by his/her classmates．
C．A teacher's intrductin．D．A representative's cmments．
3．The authr's OIC prject grup wuld help ten Iraqi children t________．.
A．becme OIC vlunteersB．further their educatin
C．study in freign cuntriesD．influence ther children
4．What can we cnclude frm this passage？
A．One's ptential cannt always be underrated．
B．First impressin cannt always be trusted．
C．Actins speak luder than wrds．
D．He wh hesitates is lst．
【答案】1．D
2．A
3．B
4．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。
1．
细节理解题。根据第一段“When the teacher intrduced us t the different rganizatins that needed ur help，my last chice was Operatin Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。
2．
细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went nline t the OIC website，I saw pictures f the Iraqi children．Their faces were s pwerful in sending a message f their despair（绝望） and need that I jined this prject withut hesitatin．”（当我上网访问OIC 网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。
3．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。
4．
推理判断题。根据第一段“My first impressin f the rganizatin was that it was nt ging t make enugh f a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself t make a difference in the life f anther persn．Nw that ur prject is ver，I realize that I have affected nt nly ne life，but ten．With ur effrts，ten yung bys and girls will nw be able t further their educatin．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。
（2020·北京·高考真题）Baggy has becme the first dg in the UK—and ptentially the wrld—t jin the fight against air pllutin by recrding pllutant levels near the grund.
Baggy wears a pllutin mnitr n her cllar s she can take data measurements clse t the grund. Her mnitr has shwn that air pllutin levels are higher clser t grund level, which has helped highlight cncerns that babies and yung kids may be at higher risk f develping lung prblems.
Cnventinal air pllutin mnitrs are nrmally fixed n lamppsts at abut nine feet in the air. Hwever, since Baggy stands at abut the same height as a child in a pushchair（婴儿车）, she frequently recrds pllutin levels which are much higher than the data gathered by the Envirnment A gency.
The dggy data research was the idea f Baggy's 13-year-ld wner Tm Hunt and his dad Matt. The English yungster nticed that pllutin levels are arund tw-thirds higher clse t the grund than they are in the air at the height where they are recrded by the agency. Tm has since reprted the shcking findings t the gvernment in an attempt t emphasise that babies are at higher risk f develping asthma（哮喘）.
Matt Hunt said he was "very prud" f his sn because “when the by gets an idea, he keeps his head dwn and gets n with it, and he really des want t d sme gd and stp yung kids frm getting asthma."
“Tm built up a passin fr envirnmental prtectin at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小装置）. Abut ne year ag, he gt this new piece f tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternn, we went ut t d sme mnitring, and he said, why dn't we put it n Baggy's cllar and let her mnitr the pllutin？'S we did it."
Tm said, "Mst f the time, Baggy is just like any ther dg. But fr the rest f the time she is a super dg, and we are all really prud f her."
5．With a mnitr n her cllar, Baggy can ____________.
A．take pllutant readingsB．recrd pllutant levels
C．prcess cllected dataD．reduce air pllutin
6．What can we learn frm the Baggy data?
A．High places are free f air pllutin.
B．Higher pushchairs are mre risky fr kids.
C．Cnventinal mnitrs are mre reliable.
D．Air is mre plluted clser t the grund.
7．What is Tm's purpse f ding the research?
A．T warn f a health risk.B．T find ut pllutin surces.
C．T test his new mnitr.D．T prve Baggy's abilities.
8．Accrding t the passage, which wrd can best describe Tm Hunt?
A．Mdest.B．Generus.C．Creative.D．Outging.
【答案】5．B
6．D
7．A
8．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了13岁的孩子Tm Hunt和他的爸爸通过在自己的宠物狗的脖子上戴污染监测器来记录地面附近的污染物水平；监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于强调婴儿和幼儿可能面临更高风险发展肺部问题的担忧。
5．
细节理解题。本题题干意为：她的衣领上戴着监视器，Baggy 可以…。根据文章第二段Baggy wears a pllutin mnitr n her cllar s she can take data measurements clse t the grund. Baggy在她的衣领上戴着污染监测器，这样她就可以在接近地面的地方进行数据测量。可知戴着污染监测器可以记录污染物的水平。故答案为B项。
6．
推理判断题。本题题干意为：我们从Baggy收集到的数据中可以了解到什么？根据文章第二段 Her mnitr has shwn that air pllutin levels are higher clser t grund level, which has helped highlight cncerns that babies and yung kids may be at higher risk f develping lung prblems.她的监测仪显示，接近地面的空气污染水平更高，这有助于突显婴儿和幼童罹患肺部疾病的风险更高的担忧。可知接近地面的空气污染水平更高。故答案为D项。
7．
推理判断题。本题题干意为：进行这项研究Tm的意图是？根据文章第四段Tm has since reprted the shcking findings t the gvernment in an attempt t emphasize that babies are at higher risk f develping asthma（哮喘）.汤姆已经令人震惊的发现报告给政府,试图强调,婴儿患哮喘的风险更高。可知Tm研究的目的是对健康风险提出警告。故答案为A项。
8．
推理判断题。本题题干意为：根据文章，哪个词最能描述汤姆·亨特?根据文章倒数第二段“Tm built up a passin fr envirnmental prtectin at a very early age," Matt added. “He became very interested in gadgets（小装置）.Abut ne year ag, he gt this new piece f tech which is like a test tube. One Sunday afternn, we went ut t d sme mnitring, and he said, why dn't we put it n Baggy's cllar and let her mnitr the pllutin？'S we did it."汤姆在很小的时候就对环境保护产生了热情，马特补充说。他非常感兴趣的产品(小装置)。大约一年前，他得到了一个类似试管的新技术。一个星期天的下午，我们出去做一些监测，他说，为什么我们不把它戴在Baggy的衣领上，让她监测污染?于是我们就这么做了。可知Tm是非常的有创造力的。故答案为C项。
（2019·北京·高考真题）Alice Mre is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者), wh in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. By the time she was 13, her cmpany was wrth millins f dllars with the inventin f a super-sweet treat that culd save kids’ teeth, instead f destrying them.
It all began when Mre visited a bank with her dad. On the uting, she was ffered a candy bar. Hwever, her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad fr her teeth. But Mre was sick f missing ut n candies. S she desired t get rund the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s gd fr my teeth s that my parents can’t say n t it?” With that in mind, Mre asked her dad if she culd start her wn candy cmpany. He recmmended that she d sme research and talk t dentists abut what a healthier candy wuld cntain.
With her dad’s permissin, she spent the next tw years researching nline and cnducting trials t get a recipe that was bth tasty and tth-friendly. She als apprached dentists t learn mre abut teeth cleaning. Cnsequently, she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.
Mre then used her savings t get her business ff the grund. Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket wner, wh finally agreed t sell Mre’s prduct—CanCandy.
As CanCandy’s success grws, s des Mre’s credibility as a yung entrepreneur. Mre is enthusiastic abut the candy she created, and she’s als psitive abut what the future might bring. She hpes that every kid can have a clean muth and a brad smile.
Meanwhile, with her parents’ help, Mre is generally able t live a nrmal teenage life. Althugh she funded her cmpany early n in life, she wasn’t driven primarily by prfit. Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles. She dnates 10% f AilicCandy’s prfits t Big Smiles. With her talent and determinatin, it appears that the sky culd be the limit fr Alice Mre.
9．Hw did Mre react t her dad’s warning?
A．She argued with him.B．She tried t find a way ut.
C．She paid n attentin.D．She chse t cnsult dentists.
10．What is special abut CanCandy?
A．It is beneficial t dental health.B．It is free f sweeteners.
C．It is sweeter than ther candies.D．It is prduced t a dentists’ recipe.
11．What des Mre expect frm her business?
A．T earn mre mney.B．T help thers find smiles.
C．T make herself stand ut.D．T beat ther candy cmpanies.
12．What can we learn frm Alice Mre’s stry?
A．Fame is a great thirst f the yung.
B．A yuth is t be regarded with respect.
C．Psitive thinking and actin result in success.
D．Success means getting persnal desires satisfied
【答案】9．B
10．A
11．B
12．C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Alice Mre，一个年轻有为的创业者的故事，故事告诉我们：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。
9．推理判断题。根据第二段的But Mre was sick f missing ut n candies. S she desired t get rund the warning, “Why can’t I make a healthy candy that’s gd fr my teeth s that my parents can’t say n t it?”及下文她想方设法最终制作出了叫CanCandy的糖果可知，她对父亲的警告的反应是：她试图找到一条出路，解决问题。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段的Cnsequently, she succeeded in making a kind f candy nly using natural sweeteners, which can reduce ral bacteria.可知，这种糖只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，因此它对牙齿有利。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段的Mre wants t use her unique talent t help thers find their smiles.可知，Mre想用她独特的才能帮助其他人找到自己的笑容。故选B。
12．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了Mr的创业故事，她之所以能成功，源于面对问题和困难时，她乐观地看待问题，积极地想方设法去解决问题。因此，通过她的故事让我们懂得积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C。
（2022·广西柳州·三模）The DNA f 6.7 millin species culd be stred inside the Mn in case there's a disaster that destrys life n the Earth. Scientists have a plan t create a “lunar ark”, which is like “Nah's Ark”, the ship in which Nah saved animals frm a fd, accrding t the Bible. The lunar ark wuld cntain millins f samples f reprductive cells and seeds frm all he 6.7 millin knwn plant, animal and fungi species n the Earth. The researchers think the lunar ark culd be put in the hllwed ut lava tubes that exit n the Mn's surface. It is thught that these cave-like netwrks were created by lava billins f years ag. Rbts wuld be sent inside the tubes t start building the ark.
When the ark is cmplete, scientists think it culd be pwered by slar panels n the surface s that all the samples inside can be kept at crygenic temperatures withut the risk f being rtten ver decades, if nt centuries. I will als ne things like an airlck and lighting fr human visitrs.
Researcher Jekan Thanga and a team f students frm the University f Arizna in the US have mapped ut the thery. They think it wuld take 250 rcket trip t the Mn t cmplete the lunar ark. “Earth is naturally likely t change suddenly,” Prfessr Thanga said, “It's safer t sre the samples n the Mn in case the Earth is destryed.”
The lunar ark cncept was presented by the researchers at the IEEE Aerspace Cnference in early March. They listed super-vlcanes, asterid impacts and climate change as reasns we might need t stre samples f life in case we need t start again. Thanga said: “The envirnment and human civilizatin are bth very fragile.” Nt all f the technlgy needed t make the ark exists yet but the scientists think it culd be made reality within the next 30 years.
13．Where will the lunar ark be placed n the Mn?
A．On the ship created by Nah.B．In the cave-like netwrks made by rbts.
C．On the panels pwered by the Sun.D．In the empty lava tubes frmed a lng time ag.
14．What des the underlined wrd “crygenic” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Mild.B．Mediate.C．Lw.D．High.
15．What can we knw frm the text?
A．Sme prblems are t be slved befre the lunar ark is built.
B．150 rcket trips t the Mn will be needed t build the lunar ark.
C．The lunar ark can run well withut energy.
D．The envirnment n the Earth is a steady as human civilizatin.
16．What is the best title fr the text?
A．A Lunar Ark Grwn frm Vlcan EruptinsB．A Lunar Ark against Asterid Impacts
C．A Lunar Ark fr Life PreservatinD．A Lander fr Human's Lunar Explratin
【答案】13．D
14．C
15．A
16．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家计划制造一艘类似“诺亚方舟”的“月球方舟”来储存地球上物种的DNA。文章介绍了其工作方式以及建造需要面临的一些问题。
13．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The researchers think the lunar ark culd be put in the hllwed ut lava tubes that exit n the Mn's surface. It is thught that these cave-like netwrks were created by lava billins f years ag.(研究人员认为，月球方舟可以放在月球表面的镂空熔岩管中。据认为，这些洞穴状的网络是数十亿年前由熔岩形成的)”可知，月球方舟将被放置在月球在很久以前形成的空熔岩管中。故选D。
14．
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“When the ark is cmplete, scientists think it culd be pwered by slar panels n the surface s that all the samples inside can be kept at”以及后文“temperatures withut the risk f being rtten ver decades, if nt centuries”可知，当方舟完成后，科学家们认为它可以由表面的太阳能电池板提供能量，这样里面的所有样本都可以在低温下保存，而不会在几十年甚至几百年里腐烂。故画线词意思是“低的”。A. Mild.轻微的；B. Mediate.居间的；C. Lw.低的；D. High.高的。故选C。
15．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“The lunar ark cncept was presented by the researchers at the IEEE Aerspace Cnference in early March. They listed super-vlcanes, asterid impacts and climate change as reasns we might need t stre samples f life in case we need t start again. Thanga said: “The envirnment and human civilizatin are bth very fragile.” Nt all f the technlgy needed t make the ark exists yet but the scientists think it culd be made reality within the next 30 years. (月球方舟的概念是由研究人员在三月初的IEEE航空航天会议上提出的。 他们列举了超级火山、小行星撞击和气候变化等原因，认为我们可能需要储存生命样本，以防我们需要重新开始。唐加说：“环境和人类文明都非常脆弱。”制造方舟所需的技术还不完全存在，但科学家们认为，在未来30年内，这可能成为现实)”可知，在建造月球方舟之前，还有一些问题需要解决。故选A。
16．
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The DNA f 6.7 millin species culd be stred inside the Mn in case there's a disaster that destrys life n the Earth. Scientists have a plan t create a “lunar ark”, which is like “Nah's Ark”, the ship in which Nah saved animals frm a fd, accrding t the Bible. The lunar ark wuld cntain millins f samples f reprductive cells and seeds frm all he 6.7 millin knwn plant, animal and fungi species n the Earth.(670万个物种的DNA可以储存在月球上，以防发生破坏地球生命的灾难。据《圣经》记载，诺亚方舟是诺亚拯救动物的船。科学家计划制造一艘类似“诺亚方舟”的“月球方舟”。月球方舟将包含数百万个生殖细胞和种子的样本，这些样本来自地球上已知的670万种植物、动物和真菌)”结合文章主要说明了科学家计划制造一艘类似“诺亚方舟”的“月球方舟”来储存地球上物种的DNA。文章介绍了其工作方式以及建造需要面临的一些问题。可知，C选项“保存生命的月球方舟”最符合文章标题。故选C。
（2022·安徽蚌埠·三模）Japanese autmaker Tyta says it will team up with the cuntry’s space agency t develp a vehicle called the Lunar Cruiser t explre the mn. The name cmes frm a ppular Tyta vehicle called the Land Cruiser. The cmpany said it plans t launch the vehicle in the late 2020s. After that, Tyta said the vehicle culd assist peple living n the mn by 2040 and culd pssibly be sent t Mars as well.
Taka Sat heads the cmpany’s Lunar Cruiser prject. He tld The Assciated Press the vehicle is based n the idea that peple eat, wrk, sleep and cmmunicate with thers safely in cars. He hpes theLunar Cruiser can serve the same purpse in space. “We see space as an area fr ur nce-in-a-century transfrmatin, ” Sat said, “By ging t space, we may be able t develp telecmmunicatins and ther technlgy that will prve valuable t human life. ”
Anther cmpany, Gitai Japan Inc., is partnering with Tyta t develp a rbtic arm fr the Lunar Cruiser. It will be designed t perfrm jbs such as carrying ut inspectins and maintaining the vehicle. The cmpany said the arm will be built t wrk with different tls. These tls culd be used t study the mn’s surface mre clsely.
Interest in space has been grwing in Japan in recent years. Japanese space explratin cmpany iSpace annunced last April that it wuld transprt an explrer belnging t the United Arab Emirates (UAE) t the mn in 2022. Japan’s iSpace will prvide the lander t carry the UAE’s rver(探测器).
The cmpany plans t launch the lander n a Falcn 9 rcket built by American cmpany SpaceX. Japanese citizens fllwed the trip t space last year f billinaire Yusaku Maezawa. He spent 12 days abard the Internatinal Space Statin. Maezawa als plans in the future t rbit arund the mn n a SpaceX’s Starship spacecraft.
Tyta engineer Shinichir Nda said he thinks the lunar prject can extend the cmpany’s traditin f serving custmers t a place beynd Earth. He said Tyta currently has vehicles almst everywhere. “But this is abut taking ur cars t smewhere we have never been, ” Nda said.
17．What’s the ultimate purpse f the Lunar Cruiser prject?
A．T better human life.B．T make safe vehicles.
C．T prve the previus idea.D．T transfrm cmmunicatin.
18．What’s Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Japan’s enthusiasm in space.B．Japan’s achievements in space.
C．Japan’s ptential in space travel.D．Japan ’s ambitin t explre space.
19．What’ s Shinichir Nda’s attitude twards the lunar prject?
A．Negative.B．Dubtful.
C．Cautius.D．Psitive.
20．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Japanese Curisity in Mn Travel Generated
B．Great Cntributin Made in Explring Mars
C．Rver Built by Tyta t Be Landed n Mars
D．Tyta t Help Develp Vehicle t Explre Mn
【答案】17．A
18．A
19．D
20．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了日本汽车制造公司丰田计划和日本航天局合作研发一款月球探测车。
17．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“He tld The Assciated Press the vehicle is based n the idea that peple eat, wrk, sleep and cmmunicate with thers safely in cars. He hpes theLunar Cruiser can serve the same purpse in space.”（他对美联社表示，这种车的设计理念是，人们在车里安全吃饭、工作、睡觉和与他人交流。 他希望月球巡洋舰能在太空中发挥同样的作用。）可知，月球巡洋舰项目的目的是改善人们的生活。故选A项。
18．
主旨大意题。根据第四段第一句“Interest in space has been grwing in Japan in recent years.”（近年来，日本对太空的兴趣一直在增长。）可知，该段主要在说明日本对航天科技的兴趣。故选A项。
19．
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Tyta engineer Shinichir Nda said he thinks the lunar prject can extend the cmpany’s traditin f serving custmers t a place beynd Earth.”（丰田工程师Shinichir Nda说，他认为月球项目可以将公司服务客户的传统延伸到地球以外的地方。）可知，Shinichir Nda对于该项目的态度是很积极的。故选D项。
20．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Japanese autmaker Tyta says it will team up with the cuntry’s space agency t develp a vehicle called the Lunar Cruiser t explre the mn.”（日本汽车制造商丰田公司表示，将与日本航天局合作开发一种名为“月球巡洋舰”的航天器，以探索月球。）以及后文主要在详细说明该项目的各项情况及专业人士对待该项目的态度等，所以该篇文章主要在讲述丰田公司计划研发月球探测车。故选D项。
（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所二模）This year, several yung athletes have shne brightly at the Beijing Winter Olympics, giving us a glimpse f their generatin’s nature.
Obviusly, the yung generatin is filled with “brave warrirs” wh want t challenge impssibilities and push bundaries. Freestyle skier Gu Ailing is a gd example. After she finished strng in the first tw jumps in the wmen’s free-ski Big Air event, it was certain that she culd get a medal. But instead f taking heed f it, the 18-year-ld skier pushed herself t the limit. On the last jump, Gu decided t attempt a difficult trick: a left duble crk 1620—fur and a half rtatins in the air—befre landing. “I have never dne the ‘left 16’ befre. I hadn’t prepared much fr it apart frm tw days n the air bag,” Gu tld China Daily, “but I felt it was a chance.”
But fr these yung athletes, the sprt is never just abut scres, but als abut having as much fun as pssible.
Brn in the US, Gu faced criticism and dubts fr representing China in the Beijing Winter Olympics. When questined by The Guardian, the girl said bluntly she wasn’t trying t make everyne happy. “I’m an 18-year-ld girl ut here living my best life. I’m having a great time.” Gu said. “It desn’t really matter if ther peple are happy r nt, because I feel I’ m ding my best and I’m enjying the entire prcess.”
Gu’s gd friend, Chinese snwbarder Su Yiming als shares a similar attitude. He takes sprts as a way t have fun. After he was judged t have lst the gld t Canadian athlete Max Parrt in the men’s slpestyle final, the 17-year-ld didn’t feel upset. Instead, he was happy t have the chance t cmpete with his idl.
“When I was n the pdium hugging Max Parrt, it felt unreal,” Su tld China Daily. “All I did tday was enjy the runs and cncentrate n my tricks. As lng as I am n my snwbard I am happy.”
21．The phrase “taking heed f it” underlined in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ______.
A．playing it safeB．taking a risk
C．aviding mistakesD．taking part in it
22．What can we knw abut Gu Ailing accrding t the text?
A．She didn’t perfrm well.B．She is a pst-00.
C．She was an American.D．She isn’t easy-ging
23．Wh gt the gld medal in the men’s slpestyle final?
A．Nt mentined.B．Gu Ailing.C．Su Yiming.D．Max Parrt.
24．What des the reprter want t cnvey in this text?
A．The yung generatin shares a similar attitude.
B．Yung athletes shw the nature f the yung generatin.
C．Yung Chinese dare t push the limits but als enjy their career.
D．Yung athletes have shne brightly at the Beijing Winter Olympics.
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．D
24．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要通过运动员谷爱凌和苏一鸣的事例，说明了中国的年轻人敢于挑战极限，但也享受他们的事业。
21．
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“After she finished strng in the first tw jumps in the wmen’s free-ski Big Air event, it was certain that she culd get a medal.(在女子自由滑空中跳跃项目中，她在前两跳中表现出色，就可以确定她能获得奖牌了)”以及画线词后文“the 18-year-ld skier pushed herself t the limit.”可知，上文but表示转折，说明头两轮她成绩突出，夺冠势头已经十分明朗了，但是她却没有谨慎行事，而是挑战她的极限。故画线词意思是“谨慎行事”。故选A。
22．
细节理解题。根据第二段中“But instead f taking heed f it, the 18-year-ld skier pushed herself t the limit.(但这位18岁的滑雪者并没有注意到这一点，而是将自己推到了极限)”可知，谷爱凌是00后。故选B。
23．
细节理解题。根据第五段中“After he was judged t have lst the gld t Canadian athlete Max Parrt in the men’s slpestyle final, the 17-year-ld didn’t feel upset.(在男子坡面障碍技巧决赛中，17岁的他被判定将金牌输给加拿大运动员Max Parrt，但他并没有感到沮丧)”可知，Max Parrt在男子坡面障碍技巧决赛中获得金牌。故选D。
24．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Obviusly, the yung generatin is filled with “brave warrirs” wh want t challenge impssibilities and push bundaries. (显然，年轻一代充满了“勇敢的勇士”，他们想挑战不可能，突破界限)”以及倒数第二段中“Gu’s gd friend, Chinese snwbarder Su Yiming als shares a similar attitude. He takes sprts as a way t have fun.(谷爱凌的好朋友、中国单板滑雪运动员苏一鸣也有类似的看法。 他把运动当作一种乐趣)” 综合谷爱凌和苏一鸣的事例，可推知，记者想要表达的是：中国的年轻人敢于挑战极限，但也享受他们的事业。故选C。
（2022·江苏·苏州市苏州高新区第一中学一模）Nw, an increasing number f cities are suspending recycling services, partly ut f fear that wrkers might cntact the crnavirus frm ne anther while srting thrugh used water bttles, fd cntainers and bxes. One slutin: Let rbts d the jb.
Since the crnavirus tk hld in the United States last mnth, AMP Rbtics has seen a “significant” increase in rders fr its rbts that use artificial intelligence t srt thrugh recycled material, and weed ut trash. Sme facilities that were lking at getting ne r tw rbts are nw saying, “We need quite a bit mre.” The Clrad cmpany’s chief executive, Matanya Hrwitz said, “It’s all mving quite fast.”
Befre the pandemic, autmatin had been gradually replacing human wrk in a range f jbs, frm call centers t warehuses and grcery stres, as cmpanies lked t cut labr csts and imprve prfit.
But labr and rbtics experts say scial-distancing directives, which are likely t cntinue in sme frm after the crisis becme less strng, culd cause mre industries t accelerate their use f autmatin. And lng-lasting wrries abut jb lsses r a brad unease abut having machines cntrl vital aspects f daily life culd disappear as sciety sees the benefits f restructuring wrkplaces in ways that minimize clse human cntact.
Recycling is ne industry that may be altered permanently by the pandemic. Sme wrkers, wh earn as little as $10 an hur, have been cncerned abut cming t wrk during the crisis and sme cities have been cmpeting t find enugh prtective gear (防护装备) fr all f their emplyees. Federal health fficials have assured them that the risks f transmissin frm husehld refuse is lw. But wrkers in recycling facilities ften wrk side by side srting material, making scial distancing difficult.
At AMP Rbtics, executives like Mr. Hrwitz say their rbts will enable recycling facilities t space ut their emplyees, wh stand at cnveyr belts weeding thrugh the used plastic and paper.
25．What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．The pandemic becmes less strng.B．Rbts are in greater demand nw.
C．Recycling services aren’t satisfying.D．Unemplyment is sharply n the rise.
26．Hw d peple feel abut autmatin after the pandemic?
A．Panicked.B．Dubtful.C．Appreciative.D．Uncncerned.
27．In which aspect will rbts help mst in recycling industry?
A．Srting ut recycled material.B．Minimizing clse human cntact.
C．Replacing the jbs f cheap labr.D．Prducing enugh prtective gear.
28．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Pandemic accelerates autmatin.B．Rbts cause severe unemplyment.
C．Recycling industry is changing.D．Scial distancing is still imprtant.
【答案】25．B
26．C
27．B
28．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了肆虐的疫情加速了自动化的发展，智能机器人开始代替人类从事垃圾回收工作。
25．
细节理解题。根据第二段“Since the crnavirus tk hld in the United States last mnth, AMP Rbtics has seen a “significant” increase in rders fr its rbts that use artificial intelligence t srt thrugh recycled material, and weed ut trash.(自上个月冠状病毒在美国流行以来，AMP Rbtics公司的机器人订单出现了“显著”增长，这些机器人使用人工智能来分类回收材料，并清除垃圾)”可知，如今智能机器人的需求量变大了。故选B。
26．
推理判断题。根据第四段“And lng-lasting wrries abut jb lsses r a brad unease abut having machines cntrl vital aspects f daily life culd disappear as sciety sees the benefits f restructuring wrkplaces in ways that minimize clse human cntact.(随着社会意识到以减少人类密切接触的方式重组工作场所的好处，对失业的长期担忧或对机器控制日常生活重要方面的普遍不安可能会消失)”可推断，疫情过后人们在看待机器人代替人工处理工作这件事的态度发生了改变，即人们对自动化是赞赏的。故选C。
27．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But wrkers in recycling facilities ften wrk side by side srting material, making scial distancing difficult.(但回收设施的工作人员经常肩并肩地整理材料，这使得保持社交距离变得困难)”以及最后一段“At AMP Rbtics, executives like Mr. Hrwitz say their rbts will enable recycling facilities t space ut their emplyees, wh stand at cnveyr belts weeding thrugh the used plastic and paper.(在AMP Rbtics公司，霍洛维茨等高管表示，他们的机器人将帮助回收机构将站在传送带上清理用过的塑料和纸张的员工分隔开来)”可知，机器人保证了工人之间的社交距离，极大地降低了感染病毒的风险。由此可推断，回收产业的机器人在减少人与人之间的密切接触方面的帮助最大。故选B。
28．
主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第四段“But labr and rbtics experts say scial-distancing directives, which are likely t cntinue in sme frm after the crisis becme less strng, culd cause mre industries t accelerate their use f autmatin.(但劳工和机器人专家表示，社交距离指令可能会导致更多行业加速使用自动化。在危机减弱后，这种指令可能会以某种形式继续下去)”可知，文章介绍了自美国疫情肆虐以来，为降低工人感染病毒风险，很多城市不得不暂停了垃圾回收服务。然而，与此同时，AMP Rbtics公司智能机器人的订单数量却有了显著增长，这家公司生产的智能机器人可以帮助回收材料，并清除垃圾。因此，很多行业都加速了他们应用自动化的进程。由此可知，文章主要介绍疫情加速了自动化发展。故选A。
（2022·陕西·略阳县天津高级中学二模）Chinese peple spent mre time n leisure activities in 2021 cmpared with the perid befre the nvel crnavirus hit, accrding t a recent reprt by the China Turism Academy. The academy said that urban residents’ leisure time was clsely related t their wrk. They spent mre time n leisure activities n weekends in 2021, abut 4. 4hurs a day, cmpared with an average f 3.82 hurs a day n wrkdays. It said that urban residents’ leisure time increased bth at weekends and during hlidays in 2021 when cmpared with 2019. Daily weekend leisure time increased by 0.91 f an hur and that during hlidays by 0.64 f an hur. The time that peple in rural areas spent enjying leisure activities rse nearly 39 percent cmpared with 2019, increasing t 4.36 hurs a day frm 3.14 hurs befre the COVID-19 pandemic struck.
Shpping at physical stres remained the mst ppular leisure activity fr bth urban residents and peple in the cuntryside, fllwed by activities like facial treatments, hairdressing and manicures(修指甲). “Shpping is my favrite way t give vent t my negative emtins and pressure, als fr leisure,” said Li Lingli, a 28-year-ld financial analyst in Beijing. She said she had quite a heavy wrklad n wrkdays and als n weekends, meaning she didn't have much time t enjy ther leisure activities, especially utdr nes like camping r hiking.
The reprt said it will be difficult t increase peple’s leisure time in the future due t the large amunt f time they spend wrking and lking after children.
A recent survey by the academy shws that 50 percent f urban residents wrked ver eight hurs a day and 15 percent wrked ver 10 hurs a day. “Heavy wrklad is truly a big prblem,” Li said. “Fr me, as lng as I dn’t message r email back my clients, it’s my leisure time. I smetimes g t museums r exhibitins ver hlidays. It’s als a gd frm f leisure t appreciate beautiful art pieces.”
Dai Bin, chairman f the academy, said at an nline cnference that with mre rural residents spending time n leisure activities thanks t the natin's rural vitalizatin(振兴)plicy, the turism market and travel cmpanies will embrace new grwth in the future.
29．Hw many hurs did peple in rural areas spend a day n leisure activities in 2021?
A．3.14.B．3.82.C．4. 36.D．4.4.
30．What can be knwn abut the reprt by the China Turism Academy?
A．Turing arund was the mst ppular leisure activity.
B．A quarter f urban residents wrked mre than ten hurs a day.
C．Peple will find it hard t have mre and mre leisure time in the future.
D．Urban residents' leisure time didn't have much t d with their wrk.
31．What des the underlined phrase "give vent t" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Turn ver.B．Let ut.C．Make fr.D．Figure ut.
32．Which can be a suitable title fr the news reprt?
A．Peple spend mre time n leisure activities, reprt says
B．Mre peple prefer free time after wrk, reprt says
C．Peple treasure time fr leisure activities, reprt says
D．Mre peple enjy themselves during weekends and hlidays, reprt says
【答案】29．C
30．C
31．B
32．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了中国旅游研究院近日发布的一份报告：与新冠肺炎疫情爆发前相比，2021年中国人花在休闲活动上的时间更长；但是，由于人们将大量的时间花在工作和照顾孩子上，未来人们的休闲时间将很难增加。
29．
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The time that peple in rural areas spent enjying leisure activities rse nearly 39 percent cmpared with 2019, increasing t 4.36 hurs a day frm 3.14 hurs befre the COVID-19 pandemic struck.(农村居民享受休闲活动的时间比2019年增加了近39%，从新冠肺炎疫情前的3.14小时增加到了4.36小时)”可知，2021年，农村地区每天有4.36小时用于休闲活动。故选C项。
30．
细节理解题。第三段“The reprt said it will be difficult t increase peple's leisure time in the future due t the large amunt f time they spend wrking and lking after children.(该报告称，由于人们将大量的时间花在工作和照顾孩子上，未来将很难增加人们的休闲时间)”可知，人们会发现在未来很难有越来越多的闲暇时间。故选C项。
31．
词句猜测题。根据该短语所在句子“Shpping is my favrite way t give vent t my negative emtins and pressure, als fr leisure(购物是我give vent t消极情绪和压力的最喜欢的方式，也是一种休闲方式)”可知，购物是她释放负面情绪和压力的最好方式。give vent t意为“发泄，释放”；A.Turn ver(移交，翻过来)；B.Let ut(放出，泄露，出租)；C.Make fr(导致，有助于，走向)；D.Figure ut(解决；算出；想出)，B项与划线词语意相近。故选B项。
32．
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段“Chinese peple spent mre time n leisure activities in 2021 cmpared with the perid befre the nvel crnavirus hit, accrding t a recent reprt by the China Turism Academy.(中国旅游研究院近日发布的一份报告显示，与新冠肺炎疫情爆发前相比，2021年中国人花在休闲活动上的时间更长)”可知，报告称，人们花更多的时间在休闲活动上。故选A项。