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题号押题06 解析版
押全国卷41—60题 完形填空夹叙夹议文

完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一，它要求考生能够读懂一篇有空缺的文章的大意，根据已学知识，在整体理解的基础上，推导出未知内容。它具有主观性测试和客观性测试的双重优点。它既可以在语篇中考查考生英语基础知识，即词汇、语法知识，又可考查考生运用语言知识的能力，如词语搭配、习惯用法、词义辨析、语言交际、文化背景和社会风俗等。同时它还要求考生必须具备良好的把握上下文行文逻辑和篇章结构的能力。
1．高考完形填空题的文章选材广泛，注重原汁原味，内容着重体现新课标所要求的“关注学生情感，提高人文素养”这一人文理念。文章体裁以记叙文为主。
2．文章长度250词左右，一般设空20个，设空平均间距为10个词左右。首句不设空。
3．考查以语篇内容理解为主，注重对文章语境的理解和把握。题型按语境进行分类，可分为句内层次题、句组层次题和语篇层次题。语法考查很少见。
4．选项以考查实词为主，如名词、动词、形容词等；虚词为辅，如介词、连词等。
5．此类完形填空多采用“记叙+议论”模式，先叙述后议论，后者往往是有感而发，是事件的主题升华。因此最后1-3段议论部分要与前边记叙部分相结合才能做出最佳选择。


高考完形填空八大解题技巧
【技巧一】据搭配，知答案
完形填空中，有时会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。解题时，可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识，进行有效推断，选择正确答案。
【真题体验】(2020·江苏)Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37.events in our lives.
36.A.depends B.holds C.keeps D.reflects
【答案】A
【解析】上文提到仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的，由此可知此处意为“成功从根本上取决于(depend on)我们对自己和对生活中所发生事件的看法”。
【技巧二】重平行，觅逻辑
文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说，这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的，考生解题时要特别注意这一点。
[真题体验](2020·全国Ⅰ)One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48.lie.
47.A.win out B.give up C.wake up D.stand out
【答案】C
【解析】根据空格后的discover可知，此处表示总有一天孩子们会醒悟过来(wake up)。win out终于成功；give up放弃；stand out突出，显眼。

【技巧三】破难句，解句意
完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。
[真题体验](2020·全国Ⅱ)As he often did，he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44.found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.
43.A.attended B.reserved C.cancelled D.run
【答案】D
【解析】根据上文中的auction“拍卖”和下文中的“by the Italian police”可知，此处表示由意大利警方管理(run)的“下班后拍卖会”。attend出席，参加；reserve预订，留出；cancel取消，废除。

【技巧四】巧排除，降难度
在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
[真题体验](2020·浙江)I ran desperately but failed to 45 .It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
45.A.take off B.catch up C.hold back D.get out
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文的ran desperately和下文的拖拉机冲过一个木栅栏然后就不见了可知，作者没能追上(catch up)它。take off起飞；hold back忍住；get out出去。

【技巧五】由熟词，知生义
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。
[真题体验](2018·全国Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family！He was so 59 and kind to do this.”
57.A.confirmed B.simplified C.clarified D.accompanied
59.A.smart B.calm C.sweet D.fair
【答案】57. D
【解析】特雷莎把照片发到了网上，并且配上(accompany)了感人的话语。confirm确认；simplify使简化；clarify澄清。
【答案】59.C
【解析】 smart聪明的，精明的；calm冷静的；sweet甜的，友好的；fair公平的。根据语境可知，四个选项中与kind并列的是sweet。句意为：他做这件事真是太友好和善良了。

【技巧六】词汇复现溯根源
词汇复现指的是某一个词以原词、近义词、同根词、反义词、上义词、下义词(如rose是flower的下义词，flower是rose的上义词)或其他形式重复出现在语篇中。词汇复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。值得注意的是：词汇复现作为一种命题风格，近年来越来越受命题者的青睐。我们解答完形填空时，要留心选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相对应的词，利用词汇复现解题。
1）原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现
一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词形变化。如：上文中出现了transport与下文中的transportation可以看成是原词复现
真题体验1 (2020·全国Ⅰ)I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll wake up and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling is doing...
48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact
【答案】B
【解析】根据本段第一句中的lying以及下一段第二句中的the lie可知，此处应填lie(谎言)。

2）同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现
真题体验2 (2019·全国Ⅱ)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 52.called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.
50.A.predicted B.advertised C.believed D.recorded
【答案】B
【解析】由下一句中的ad可知，此处应选B。advertise登广告。

3）同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的词汇复现
真题体验3 (2020·全国Ⅱ)It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought，but when he 51.researched it，he only found “Bonnard，” a French 52 he had never heard of.He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54.garden as his father’s painting.
52.A.painter B.designer C.author D.actor
【答案】A
【解析】由上文中的Bonnard以及下文中的“find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair”可知，此处表示一位法国画家(painter)。artist与painter是近义词。designer设计师；author作家；actor演员。

4）反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现
真题体验4 (2019·全国Ⅱ)Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 .It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.
49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety
【答案】B
【解析】根据空后内容可知，此处指小狗的紧张和害怕被高兴(joy)所取代了。
5）上下词复现——总括与分述的词汇复现
真题体验5 (2020·全国Ⅰ)Since our twins began learning to walk，...
I hate lying to the kids...
I wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling is doing 52.spiritual damage to our children.
49.A.parents B.twins C.colleagues D.teachers
【答案】A
【解析】根据上文中提到的our twins，the kids以及下文中的our children可知，此处是指父母(parents)。

【技巧七】瞻前顾后重语境
语境就是指文章的上下文，着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。考生要通过上下文的提示或暗示，对文章进行整体把握。因此，在做题时要有全局观念，开头的题目要从下文找答案，中间或最后的题目要从上下文查找信息，即使考查词组，也是在理解语境前提下的词义复现。
1)根据上文提示
真题体验 (2020·全国Ⅰ)
Since our twins began learning to walk，my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 41 is obvious.If we 42.admit it is a door，they’ll want to go outside 43 .
41.A.relief B.target C.reason D.case
43.A.gradually B.constantly C.temporarily D.casually
【答案】41.C
【解析】上文提到作者和他的妻子对孩子谎称那扇推拉门只是一扇窗户，下文说如果告诉他们那是门，他们就会想从那里出去，这暗示空格处是解释原因(reason)。relief宽慰；target目标，靶子；case箱子，情况，案例。
【答案】 43.B
【解析】根据上文并结合常理可知，如果承认那是门，孩子们就会不断地(constantly)想从那里出去。gradually逐渐地；temporarily暂时地；casually随便地。
2)根据下文提示
真题体验 (2019·全国Ⅲ)
But that 45 when a system of high-tech 46 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below.Wednesday，residents(居民) of Rjukan 47.received their very first ray of winter sunshine：A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 48.use.The mirrors...
45.A.helped B.changed C.happened D.mattered
46.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras
【答案】45.B
【解析】根据下文内容可知，采用反射板后，小镇的面貌发生了改变。
【答案】46.C
【解析】根据下文中的“The mirrors”可知答案。
【技巧八】背景知识巧利用
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确判断。
1）生活常识
真题体验1 (2019·全国Ⅰ)
Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 ：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.58.Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
57.A.village B.desert C.road D.lake
59.A.permanent B.little C.fresh D.artificial
【答案】57.B
【解析】根据空后的“gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。village村庄；desert沙漠；road道路；lake湖泊。
【答案】59.A
【解析】最后你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带，那里终年积雪，冰川可能很快就会消失。permanent永久的，永恒的；little小的；fresh新鲜的；artificial人造的，人工的。
真题体验2 (2019·江苏)
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.There are species(物种) that are 36 every day.The white-naped crane is a typical example.So scientists are trying their best to 37.save the species from going out of existence.
36.A.growing B.migrating C.competing D.disappearing
【答案】D
【解析】根据上文中的“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.”可知，在现代，野生动物受到了极大的威胁，每天都有物种在消失。disappear消失。
2)文化背景
真题体验3 (天津)Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s TheMerchantofVenice.The theatre was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17.A.member B.actress C.player D.character
【答案】D
【解析】莎士比亚是英国文学巨匠，他的作品人们耳熟能详，尤其是《威尼斯商人》。其中，主要人物(character)有：乐于助人的Antonio(安东尼奥)，贪婪自私的Shylock(夏洛克)，还有意志坚强的Portia(鲍西亚)。表示小说或戏剧等中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故选D。
【技巧九】逻辑关系解疑难
完形填空中主要考查七大逻辑关系：对立关系、并列和递进关系、目的和因果关系、条件关系、时间关系、层次和顺序关系、例证关系。
1)对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然而，但是)，on the contrary(相反)，by contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，even though，while，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而，反之)，in spite of(尽管)，regardless of(不管，不顾)，anyhow，after all(毕竟)，instead of(而不是)，rather than(而不是)，not...but，otherwise(否则)，or else，to the opposite(对立面)，compared with等。
真题体验1 (2020·天津)
He has recently made a significant 16.discovery—loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes，but it can be 17 in a clever way.The 18.solution？Chat benches.
17.A.experienced B.suffered C.prevented D.felt
【答案】C
【解析】根据空格前的but与空格后的in a clever way及“Chat benches.”可知，虽然孤独会导致很多问题，但可以通过长椅聊天的方式来预防(prevent)。
2)并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，similarly等。
真题体验3 (2019·北京)
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”.
16.A.even B.ever C.once D.already
【答案】A
【解析】根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。
真题体验4 (2020·天津)
Just a few days after the signs went up，he found people sitting there and engaging in active and 28 conversations.
28.A.formal B.joyful C.awkward D.crazy
【答案】B
【解析】空格前的and连接两个表达相同感情色彩的词，均用来修饰conversations。由active可知，人们进行着积极愉快的(joyful)谈话。
3)目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as，thus(因此)，hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that，such...that，in order that，consequently(因此)，accordingly，due to，thanks to，on account of(由于，因为)，because of，seeing that(由于，因为)，in that(因为)，now that，as a result，for this reason等。
真题体验5 (2017·全国Ⅲ)
The ticket had a strict no-transfer(不可转让) 45.policy，but since passport information was not required when 46.booking，any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can 47 it.
47.A.use B.borrow C.choose D.buy
【答案】 A
【解析】因为前面提到预订的时候并不需要提供护照信息，所以任何叫Elizabeth Gallagher的加拿大人都可以用(use)这张票。borrow借入；choose选择；buy购买。
4)条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on condition that，provided that，depending on等。
经典体验6 (2019·江苏镇江一模)
As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars，content that for at least 24 hours I remained in your thoughts，I wanted to remind you that I am frightened that 1 I can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need，my illness will become terminal beyond all cures.
1.A.when B.though C.if D.unless
【答案】C
【解析】句意为：我担心如果我的疾病得不到恰当的医疗和我所需要的照料，我的疾病就是致命的。if引导条件状语从句。
5)时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as，until，meanwhile，at the moment，when，whenever，as soon as等。
真题体验7 (2020·江苏)
For him，it was one thing to 49.accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily. This moved him to action.
50.A.until B.when C.unless D.before
【答案】B
【解析】根据下文“This moved him to action.”可知，对他来说在可以如此容易解决的情况下，让事情继续下去完全是另一回事。when“当……的时候”，符合此处语境。
6)层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，eventually，in the first place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to begin with，to start with，on the one hand，on the other hand等。
真题体验8 (2018·江苏)
49 ，the couple found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50.lost forever.
49.A.Initially B.Eventually C.Temporarily D.Consequently
【答案】B
【解析】最后(eventually)，夫妻俩发现他们的身体都有所好转。initially最初；temporarily临时地；consequently因此，所以。
7)例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all in all，altogether，in brief，in sum，in conclusion，in short，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to summarize，as a proof，as an example，for example，for instance，in particular，just as，namely，such as，that is，as to，say等。
经典体验9
“I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future， 1 in the next 10 years，” he says.
1.A.imagine B.say C.suppose D.consider
【答案】B
【解析】say在此处用作举例，意为“譬如，比方说”。故选B项
Passage 1（2020•全国III卷）
体裁
话题
主题
建议时间
正确
记叙文
人与社会
Burchill住酒店给朋友携带意大利香肠惹祸端
18分钟
_____/20
As a businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, ___41___ can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, ___42___their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll ___43___ that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then ___44___ it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the ___45___ in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a ___46___ colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ___47___.
I remember the first really ___48___ customer we had at Covent Garden. She was ___49___ absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather ____50____ that she became a “regular”. After a while, she ____51____ for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat ____52____, and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on ____53____ people.
That taught me a valuable ____54____ and I pass it on to the people who ____55____ in the market. Don’t take it ____56____. If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not ____57____.” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get ____58____. If you do, you won’t be able to ____59____ it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ____60____ everyone’s day.
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well
58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves
【参考答案】
41. B 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. B 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. A
【解题导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
41.考查名词词义辨析。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。A. shopkeepers店主；B. customers顾客；C. salespersons售货员； D. receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。故选B。
42.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。A. saying说；B. pretending假装；C. guessing猜测；D. replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。故选A。
43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. agree同意；B. promise承诺；C. imagine想象；D. swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。故选D。
44.考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。A. forget忘记；B. decide决定；C. discover发现；D. assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。故选C。
45.考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. foods食物；B. catalogues目录；C. belongings所有物；D. goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
46.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。A. particular特别的；B. different不同的；C. matching相配的；D. natural自然的。结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。故选A。
47.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。A. fighting打架；B. smiling微笑；C. waiting等待；D. changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。故选B。
48.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到第一个难缠的顾客。A. generous慷慨的；B. polite礼貌的；C. careless粗心的；D. difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。故选D。
49.考查动词短语辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. curious about好奇；B. displeased with对……不满意；C. patient with对……有耐心；D. uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。故选B。
50.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。A. relaxed放松的；B. delighted高兴的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。故选C。
51.考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。A. searched搜索；B. argued争论；C. prayed祈祷；D. apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。故选D。
52.考查介词短语辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. by chance偶然；B. by herself她独自地；C. on purpose故意地；D. on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。故选B。
53.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。A. rude粗鲁的；B. such这样的；C. other其他的；D. lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。故选C。
54.考查名词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. lesson课程，教训；B. trick诡计；C. skill技能；D. trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。故选A。
55.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。A. work工作；B. shop购物；C. meet会面；D. quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。故选A。
56.考查副词词义辨析。句意：别太在意。A. kindly亲切地；B. secretly秘密地；C. personally亲自地；D. casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。故选C。
57.考查副词词义辨析。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。A. ready迅速地；B. away离开；C. up向上；D. well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情况。故选D。
58.考查介词短语辨析。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。A. out of sight看不见；B. in the way妨碍，挡道；C. behind the scene幕后；D. above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。故选B。
59.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. stress强调；B. expect期待；C. handle处理；D. blame责备。结合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。故选C。
60.考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。A. ruins毁灭；B. makes制作；C. starts开始；D. saves拯救。结合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。故选A。
Passage 1（2018•全国III卷）
体裁
话题
主题
建议时间
正确
夹叙夹议文
人与社会
认真对待陌生人的信息感动全网
18分钟
_____/20
When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry, ___41___ number!” and move on. But when Dennis Williams ___42___ a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something ___43___.
On March 19, Dennis got a group text ___44___ him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the ___45__ of a baby.
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,” Dennis ___46___. The baby was born and update texts were ___47___ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her ___48___, she didn’t seem to realize that she was ___49___ the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. “Well, I don’t ___50___ you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before asking which room the new ___51___ were in.
Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his ___52___! He turned up at the hospital ___53___ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally ___54___ by the unexpected visit. ＂I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we ___55___ it and the gifts.＂
Teresa ___56___ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website ___57___ by the touching words: ＂What a ___58___ this young man was to our family! He was so ___59___ and kind to do this.＂ The post has since gained the ___60___ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.
41. A. unlucky B. secret C. new D. wrong
42. A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed
43. A. reasonable B. special C. necessary D. practical
44. A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning
45. A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival
46. A. responded B. interrupted C. predicted D. repeated
47. A. coming in B. setting out C. passing down D. moving around
48. A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort
49. A. comparing B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing
50. A. accept B. know C. believe D. bother
51. A. parents B. doctors C. patients D. visitors
52. A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle
53. A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making
54. A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated
55. A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect
56. A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted
57. A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarified D. accompanied
58. A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem
59. A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair
60. A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust
【参考答案】
41. D 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. D 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B
【解题导语】
本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dennis Williams认真对待陌生人的信息，使陌生人倍受感动的故事。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。根据后文But when Dennis Williams 42 a text that clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43 以及后文他所做的事情可以得知，大部分人会回应拨错号了。A. unlucky不幸的；B. secret秘密的；C. new新的；D. wrong错误的。故选D。
【42题详解】
考查动词。根据文章第一句When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person可以推知，他接到了电话。A. received收到；B. translated翻译；C. copied复制；D. printed印刷。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查形容词。根据后文内容可知，他做了与众不同的事情，所以用special合适。A. reasonable合理的；B. special特别的；C. necessary必要的；D. practical现实可行的。
【44题详解】
考查动词。根据后句a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the _45___ of a baby.可知，这对陌生夫妇是在告诉他这个消息。A. convincing让人信服的；B. reminding提醒；C. informing通知；D. warning警告。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词。根据下文The baby was born可知，他们在等候新生儿的到来。A. wake-up醒来；B. recovery恢复；C. growth成长；D. arrival到来。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词。根据前句内容可知，这是Dennis的回复。A. responded回复；B. interrupted打断；C. predicted预料；D. repeated重复。故选A。
【47题详解】
考查动词短语。根据本句The baby was born and update texts were 47 quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.可知，消息很快再次进来。A. coming in进来；B. setting out着手；C. passing down使流传；D. moving around走来走去。故选Ａ。
【48题详解】
考查名词。根据本句In her 48 , she didn’t seem to realize that she was 49 the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.可知，这位妈妈太兴奋，没有意识到把照片分享给了陌生人。A. opinion观点；B. anxiety焦虑；C. excitement兴奋；D. effort努力。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查动词。根据后文I will get there to take pictures with the baby replied Dennis before asking which room the new 51 were in可知，Dennis收到了Teresa发来的照片，所以是她跟陌生人分享了照片。A. comparing比较；B. exchanging交换；C. discussing讨论；D. sharing分享。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词。根据前文Dennis got a group text 44 him that a couple he didn’t know可知，Dennis不认识他们。A. accept接受；B. know认识，了解；C. believe相信；D. bother打扰，麻烦。故选Ｂ。
【51题详解】
考查名词。根据前文可以推知，这对夫妇为新父母。A. parents父母；B. doctors医生；C. patients病人；D. visitors游客。故选A。
【52题详解】
考查名词。根据后文He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.可知，他坚守了自己对于新妈妈Lindsey和她的孩子礼物的承诺。A. dream梦想；B. promise承诺；C. agenda会议议程；D. principle原则。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词。根据语境可知，他是拿着礼物来的。A. bearing携带，拿；B. collecting收集；C. opening打开；D. making制造。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查形容词。根据unexpected可知，她丈夫是十分惊讶。A. discouraged沮丧；B. relaxed放松的；C. astonished吃惊的；D. defeated打败的。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查动词。根据语境以及后文往网上发帖可知，Teresa夫妇十分感激Dennis的到来以及带来的礼物。A. admit承认；B. need需要；C. appreciate感激；D. expect期望。故选C。
【56题详解】
考查动词。根据后文The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61, 500 likes in just three days.可知，她把照片贴到了网上。A. found发现；B. selected选择；C. developed发展；D. posted发帖。故选D。
【57题详解】
考查动词。根据语境可知，照片后面附着一段感人的文字。A. confirmed确定；B. simplified简化；C. clarified分类；D. accompanied伴随着。故选D。
【58题详解】
考查名词。根据语境可推知，这位母亲认为这位年轻的陌生人来看望宝宝是上帝的祝福。A. pity同情，怜悯；B. blessing祝福；C. relief放松，如释重负；D. problem问题。故选B。
【59题详解】
考查形容词。根据语境He was so 59 and kind to do this.可知，与kind并列，所以用sweet，表甜美善良。A. smart聪明的；B. calm冷静的；C. sweet甜美的；D. fair公平的。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查名词。根据文章最后一句The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61, 500 likes in just three days.可知，三天里有184,000人分享，61,500点赞，所以是引起了极大关注。A. sympathy同情；B. attention关注；C. control控制；D. trust信任。故选B。

Passage 1
体裁
话题
主题
建议时间
正确
夹叙夹议文
人与自我
海明威的语言风格引导作者走上了文学之路
18分钟
_____/20
Both my parents left for work. And what did I do with myself on that glorious ____21____day, with no adult in charge and no ____22____ on my activities? Did I get high? Hit the ____23____for a shoplifting?
Nope. I built a warm fire in the wood stove, prepared a bowl of popcorn, held a blanket, and began to ____24____. I was thrilled and ____25____by a book-it was Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises-and I ____26____needed to be alone with it for a little while. I had accidentally ____27____the key to perfect happiness: I had become ____28____absorbed by something I loved.
Please ____29____that absorption is not the same as distraction or obsession. To be absorbed by something is to become it and when we _____30_____it, we are richer for it. To be distracted by thing is also to disappear, but not in a good way. We become nothing at all. We don't get _____31_____. And to be obsessed by something, _____32_____, is to become absorbed and destroyed by it. _____33_____, the trick to happiness, then, is to find something that absorbs you and become that thing by _____34_____it with devoted attention.
_____35_____it now, I can see that some subtle(微妙的)things were happening to my mind and to my life _____36_____I was in that state of absorption. Hemingway's _____37_____was quietly entering my imagination. I was downloading information about how to create simple and elegant _____38_____, a good and solid plot. _____39_____, I was learning how to write. Without realizing it, I was hot on the trail of my own fate. Writing now _____40_____ me the way reading once did and happiness is their generous side effect.
21. A. wasted B. Admitted C. abandoned D. stolen
22. A. limits B. Instructions C. expectations D. ideas
23. A. road B. mall C. stage D. Target
24. A. relax B. write C. read D. eat
25. A. transported B. confused C. cheated D. upset
26. A. still B. even C. yet D. just
27. A. come across B. come up C. get through D. look into
28. A. partly B. completely C. almost D. rarely
29. A. note B. see C. find D. appreciate
30. A. catch up with B. get used to C. come out of D. break away from
31. A. exhausted B. amazed C. astonished D. enriched
32. A. finally B. originally C. previously D. abruptly
33. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Moreover
34. A. advocating B. purchasing C. pursuing D. imagining
35. A. Looking up to B. Looking back on C. Keeping up with D. Keeping away from
36. A. before B. after C. while D. Since
37. A. image B. autobiography C. attitude D. language
38. A. dance B. music C. poems D. sentences
39. A. As a result B. In other words C. After all D. Above all
40. A. consumes B. destroys C. absorbs D. disturbs
【21~40题答案】
21. D22. A23. B24. C25. A26. D27. A28. B29. A30. C31. D32. A33. B34. C35. B36. C37. D38. D39. B40. C
【解题导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者小时候被海明威的《太阳也会升起》吸引，从此沉浸于小说美妙的语言中。海明威的语言风格慢慢地影响着作者，引导她走上了文学之路。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那被偷来的美好日子里，没有成年人监管，活动也没有限制，我自己做什么呢？A. wasted浪费；B. admitted承认；C. abandoned废弃；D. stolen偷。根据上文“Both my parents left for work.”和下文“with no adult in charge”可知，父母离开去是上班了，没有人监管，作者感觉这些日子就像偷来的好日子。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那被偷走的美好日子里，没有成年人监管，活动也没有限制，我自己做什么呢？A. limits限制；B. instructions指示；C. expectations期待；D. ideas主意。“Both my parents left for work.”和下文“with no adult in charge”可知，父母离开去上班了，没人监管，活动不受限制。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：去购物中心进行一场入店行窃的狂欢？A. road公路；B. mall购物中心；C. stage舞台；阶段；D. target目标。根据下文的shoplifting可知，此处说的是去购物中心。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在木炉里生了温暖的火，准备了一碗爆米花，抓起一条毯子，开始阅读。A. relax使放松；B. write写；C. read读；D. eat吃。根据下文“a book-it was Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises”可知，作者在读书。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我因为一本书欣喜若狂，兴奋不已——海明威的《太阳也会升起来》——我只需要和它单独呆一会儿。A. transported使欣喜若狂；B. confused使迷惑；C. cheated欺骗；D. upset使不安。根据上文“I was thrilled”可知，这本书让作者兴奋不已，欣喜若狂。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我因为一本书欣喜若狂，兴奋不已——海明威的《太阳也会升起来》——我只需要和它单独呆一会儿。A. still仍旧；B. even甚至；C. yet仍；还；D. just仅仅，只是。根据上文“I was thrilled and ____5____by a book”可知，这本书让作者欣喜不已，只想和它单独待一会儿。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我偶然发现了极度快乐的钥匙：我完全沉浸在我所爱的东西中。 A. come across偶然发现；B. come up想出；C. get through完成；D. look into调查。根据上文的accidentally和下文“I had become ____8____absorbed by something I loved.”可知，作者偶然发现了极度快乐的钥匙，沉浸在喜欢的东西中。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. partly部分地；B. completely彻底地；C. almost几乎；D. rarely很少。根据上文“I had accidentally ____7____the key to perfect happiness”可知，作者找到了快乐的钥匙，因此推断作者完全沉浸在自己爱的东西中，completely与上文的perfect呼应。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：请注意，着迷并不等同于娱乐或痴迷。A. note注意；B. see看见；C. find发现；D. appreciate感激。根据下文“absorption is not the same as distraction or obsession”以及下文的作者的解释可知，作者此处表示提醒，请读者关注。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：被某物吸引就是成为它，当我们出来时，我们会更富有。A. catch up with跟上；赶上；B. get used to习惯于；C. come out of从……出来；D. break away from脱离。根据上文“To be absorbed by something is to become it”可知，被某物吸引就是成为它，结合下文“we are richer for it”，作者此处说的是被书所吸引，就要成为书中的人物，当我们从书中出来时，我们会更富有。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不会成为富有的。A. exhausted使筋疲力尽；B. amazed使惊奇；C. astonished使吃惊；D. enriched充实；使丰富。根据上文“we are richer for it”和“To be distracted by thing is also to disappear, but not in a good way. We become nothing at all.”可知，分心会让我们什么也成为不了，我们也不会成为富有的。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：被某样东西所困扰，最后，就是被它所消耗和毁灭。A. finally最后；最终；B. originally起初；C. previously以前；D. abruptly突然地。根据上文“to be obsessed by something”和“to become absorbed and destroyed by it”可知，此处讲述被某物困扰，最终会被它毁灭。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，幸福的秘诀就是找到吸引你的东西，通过专注追求成为那个东西。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Besides此外；D. Moreover而且。根据上文“To be absorbed by something is to become it and when we ____10____it, we are richer for it.”和下文内容可推断，幸福是找到吸引自己的东西，并成为他，因此幸福的秘诀就是找到吸引你的东西，专注的追求。前后文是因果关系。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. advocating提倡；B. purchasing购买；C. pursuing追求；D. imagining想象。根据上文“to find something that absorbs you and become that thing”可知，作者认为幸福就是找到吸引自己的东西，通过专注的追求成为那个东西，故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我可以看到当我处于那种专注的状态时，我的思维和生活发生了一些微妙的事情。A. Looking up to抬头看；B. Looking back on回顾；C. Keeping up with跟上；D. Keeping away from远离。根据下文“can see that some subtle(微妙的)things were happening to my mind…”可知，这是作者回顾这件事产生的感想。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意同上。A. before在……之前；B. after在……以后；C. while当……时候；D. since自从。根据上文“I can see that some subtle(微妙的)things were happening to my mind and to my life”和下文“I was in that state of absorption”可知，作者感觉到的东西是作者沉浸于阅读中时发生的。故选C。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：海明威的语言正在悄悄地进入我的想象中。A. image形象；B. autobiography自传；C. attitude态度；D. language语言。根据下文“I was learning how to write.”可知，此处作者说的是海明威在书中说的语言。故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我下载了关于如何创建简单而优雅的句子的信息，一个好而坚实的情节。A. dance舞蹈；B. music音乐；C. poems诗歌；D. sentences句子。根据下文“I was learning how to write.”可知，作者下载了如何写作的信息，创建简单优雅的句子。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：换句话说，如何学习写作。A. As a result结果；B. In other words换句话说；C. After all毕竟；D. Above all首要的是。下文“I was learning how to write.”是上文“how to create simple and elegant ____18____, a good and solid plot.”的总结说法。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：写作现在就像以前的阅读一样吸引我，而幸福是它们慷慨的副作用。A. consumes消耗；B. destroys毁坏；C. absorbs吸收；理解；D. disturbs打扰。根据上文“I had become ____8____absorbed by something I loved.”和下文“the way reading once did”可知，作者认为现在的写作就像当时的阅读一样吸引自己。故选C。
Passage 2
体裁
话题
主题
建议时间
正确
夹叙夹议文
人与社会
安全关系你我他，不闯红灯意义大
18分钟
_____/20
Last night I was driving from Harrisburg to Lewisburg, a distance of about eighty miles. It was late. Several times I got stuck____21____a slow-moving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left. and I was clenching(紧握)my fists with____22____.
At one point along an open highway, I came to a crossroads with a traffic light. I was alone on the road by now. but as I____23____the light, it turned red and I braked. I looked left, right and behind. Nothing. Not a car, no____24____of headlights, but there I sat, waiting for the____25____to change, the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.
I started wondering why I refused to run the light. I was not afraid of being____26____, because there wa____27____no policeman around, and there certainly would have been no danger in____28____the crossroads.
Much later that night, the question of____29____I'd waited came back to me. I think I waited because it's part of a_____30_____ we all have with each other. It's not only the law, but it's an agreement we have, and we trust each other to_____31_____it.
Trust is our first inclination(倾向). We have to make a deliberate decision to mistrust someone or to be_____32_____. Those attitudes don't come naturally to us. The whole construction of our society_____33_____mutual(共同的)trust, not distrust. This whole thing we have going for us would_____34_____if we didn't trust each other most of time._____35_____, we do what we say we'll do; we show up when we say we'll show up; and we pay when we say we'll pay. We trust each other in these matters, and when we don't do what we've promised, it's the_____36_____of the normal. It happens often that we don't act in good faith and in a_____37_____manner, but we still consider it unusual, and we're_____38_____with the people who violate(违反)the trust we have_____39_____them.
I was so proud of myself for_____40_____for the red light that night.
21. A. before B. behind C. between D. beyond
22. A. impatience B. regret C. curiosity D. respect
23. A. approached B. passed C. overlooked D. appreciated
24. A. spot B. symbol C. shadow D. suggestion
25. A. truck B. crossroads C. light D. attitude
26. A. attracted B. abandoned C. arrested D. attained
27. A. naturally B. particularly C. normally D. obviously
28. A. getting through B. going through C. pulling through D. breaking through
29. A. whether B. why C. how D. when
30. A. contract B. concern C. contrast D. contact
31. A. release B. admire C. neglect D. honor
32. A. subtle B. considerate C. careful D. suspicious
33. A. works with B. dreams of C. depends on D. looks for
34. A. tear apart B. tell apart C. fall apart D. set apart
35. A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Instead
36. A. destruction B. difference C. decrease D. distinction
37. A. rude B. trustworthy C. polite D. respectful
38. A. content B. honest C. obsessed D. angry
39. A. with B. on C. in D. at
40. A. stopping B. searching C. praying D. asking
【21~40题答案】
21. B22. A23. A24. D25. C26. C27. D28. B29. B30. A31. D32. D33. C34. C35. B36. A37. B38. D39. C40. A
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者没有闯红灯这件事，号召我们无论何时何地为了自己和他人的安全都要遵守交通规则。
【21题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：有几次，我被堵在一辆缓慢行驶的卡车后面，在一条狭窄的道路上，我的左边是一条白线。我不耐烦地握紧了拳头。A. before在……之前；B. behind在……之后；C. between在两者之间；D. beyond超过。“我”被困在一辆缓慢移动的卡车后面。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几次，我被堵在一辆缓慢行驶的卡车后面，在一条狭窄的道路上，我的左边是一条白线。我不耐烦地握紧了拳头。A. impatience 不耐烦；B. regret遗憾，后悔；C. curiosity好奇；D. respect尊重。“我”因为被困在卡车后面，不耐烦地握紧拳头。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在路上只剩下我一个人了，但当我快到红灯时，它变红了，我刹了车。A. approached靠近；B. passed经过；C. overlooked忽略；D. appreciated感激。当“我”接近交通信号灯时，灯变红了，“我”停下车。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有车，也没有车灯的影子，但我就坐在那里，等着车灯变灯，方圆一英里内就我一个人。A. spot地点；B. symbol象征，符号；C. shadow阴影；D. suggestion建议。“我”环顾四周，身边没有车，也没有车灯的迹象，suggestion在此处为熟词生义，意思是“细微的迹象”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有车，也没有车灯的影子，但我就坐在那里，等着车灯变灯，方圆一英里内就我一个人。A. truck 卡车；B. crossroads十字路口；C. light 灯；D. attitude态度。“我”等着灯变绿。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不怕被逮捕，因为很明显附近没有警察，也肯定不会有危险通过十字路口。A. attracted吸引；B. abandoned抛弃；C. arrested逮捕； D. attained取得。根据下文可知，周围没有交警，所以就算闯红灯，“我”也不怕被逮捕。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不怕被逮捕，因为很明显附近没有警察，也肯定不会有危险通过十字路口。A. naturally自然地；B. particularly特别地；C. normally正常地；D. obviously明显地。周围显然是没有警察的，选择obviously，和下文certainly对应。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我不怕被逮捕，因为很明显附近没有警察，也肯定不会有危险通过十字路口。A. getting through 通过；B. going through经历，度过；C. pulling through渡过难关；D. breaking through突破。going through the crossroads 意思是“通过十字路口”。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查宾语从句连接词。句意：那天晚上很晚的时候，我又想起了为什么要等。A. whether是否；B. why 为什么；C. how 怎样；D. when当……时候。那天晚上，“我”回想起“‘我’为什么会等待”这个问题。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想我之所以等待是因为这是我们彼此之间的契约的一部分。A. contract合同；B. concern关心；C. contrast 对比；D. contact接触。“我”认为“我”停车等绿灯是大家共同的公约，应用contract，意思为“合同，契约”。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不仅是法律，也是我们的协议，我们相信彼此会遵守它。A. release释放；B. admire钦佩；C. neglect忽略；D. honor尊敬，给……以荣誉。我们相互信任，大家都会遵守协议，honor在此处为熟词生义，意思是“遵守”。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们必须做出一个深思熟虑的决定来不信任某人或产生怀疑。A. subtle微妙的，精细的；B. considerate 体贴的；C. careful仔细的；D. suspicious怀疑的。信任是大家的第一倾向，只有我们有意为之时，我们才会不信任或是怀疑别人。suspicious 意思为“怀疑的”。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们整个社会的建设是建立在相互信任的基础上，而不是不信任。A. works with对……有效；B. dreams of梦想；C. depends on依赖；D. looks for寻找。社会的整个构建是基于人们的信任，depend on意思为“取决于”。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我们大部分时间互不信任，我们之间的关系就会破裂。A. tear apart使……分裂； B. tell apart区分；C. fall apart 崩溃；D. set apart使分离。如果我们绝大多数时候不信任别人时，有利于我们的所有事物将分崩离析。fall apart意思为“崩溃，破碎，土崩瓦解”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们说到做到;我们说什么时候出现就什么时候出现;我们说什么时候付就什么时候付。A. Moreover 而且，此外；B. Therefore 因此；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Instead代替。下文与上文存在因果关系。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些问题上我们彼此信任，如果我们不履行承诺，那就是对正常的破坏。A. destruction破坏；B. difference差异，不同；C. decrease减少；D. distinction差别。 destruction 意思为“摧毁，破坏”。如果我们做不到承诺的事情的话，那就是对规范的一种破坏。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们经常会有不诚实和不值得信任的行为，但我们仍然认为这是不正常的，我们对那些违背我们对他们的信任的人感到愤怒。A. rude粗鲁的；B. trustworthy可靠的；C. polite有礼貌的；D. respectful有礼貌的。 trustworthy 对应上文“good faith”。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们经常会有不诚实和不值得信任的行为，但我们仍然认为这是不正常的，我们对那些违背我们对他们的信任的人感到愤怒。A. content满意的；B. honest诚实的；C. obsessed着迷的；D. angry生气的。 be angry with“对……·很气愤”。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：我们经常会有不诚实和不值得信任的行为，但我们仍然认为这是不正常的，我们对那些违背我们对他们的信任的人感到愤怒。A. with和……一起；B. on在……上面；C. in在……里面；D. at在……方面。固定搭配 have trust in sb.。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为自己那晚没有闯红灯而感到骄傲。A. stopping停止；B. searching 搜寻；C. praying祈祷；D. asking问。“我”因为红灯而停车。故选A。

Passage 1
I must admit I am not a very good listener. But what really ____21____ me to become a good listener was helping my wife as she ____22____ from her tracheasurgery.
She couldn’t talk for almost a month because of the ____23____. She had a padand would write down her thoughts and ____24____. Of course that was very slow and ____25____ and I could see the growing ____26____ each day. I found myself trying to ____27____ what she was thinking since I knew she didn’t have the ____28____ to write everything down, so I ____29____ found myself trying to ____30____ the world from her eyes.
My wife couldn’t ____31____, which needed paying closer attention and made me a good listener. Because she couldn’t write out every word she wanted to speak，she had to be more ____32____ about the words she chose. Because of this，our communication became more ____33____ and we paid closer attention to what the other ____34____ had to say.
After this ____35____ I couldn’t help thinking about how this might help people who are haying relationship problems. I think that if one or two persons ____36____ the only way they could ____37____ was writing their thoughts and comments down, I believe it would be incredibly good therapyand help people ____38____ a lot of problems. Why not give it a shot if you are having any ____39____ with someone. They don’t have to agree to the no talking ____40____ because this experiment can be carried out by just one person.
21. A. caused B. forbade C. assisted D. ordered
22. A. departed B. recovered C. escaped D. retired
23. A. surgery B. accident C. joke D. accent
24. A. schedules B. congratulations C. comments D. rewards
25. A. boring B. funny C. unsafe D. inconvenient
26. A. depression B. pleasantness C. guidance D. ignorance
27. A. break off B. figure out C. pick off D. drop in
28. A. courage B. state C. mood D. energy
29. A. sincerely B. fearfully C. constantly D. cautiously
30. A. see B. visit C. abandon D. build
31. A. wait B. speak C. listen D. cry
32. A. curious B. worried C. particular D. crazy
33. A. valuable B. wild C. mature D. fluent
34. A. graduate B. cyclist C. president D. person
35. A. disaster B. experience C. crisis D. experiment
36. A. forgot B. complained C. hoped D. agreed
37. A. receive B. indicate C. communicate D. expect
38. A. solve B. attempt C. create D. use
39. A. excuses B. struggles C. relations D. stories
40. A. targets B. congratulations C. laws D. rules
【21~40题答案】
21. C22. B23. A24. C25. D26. A27. B28. D29. C30. A31. B32. C33. A34. D35. B36. D37. C38. A39. B40. D
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从与妻子的特殊交流方式中学会了做一个好的聆听者。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但真正帮助我成为一个好的倾听者的是帮助我的妻子从气管手术中恢复过来。A. caused引起；B. forbade禁止；C. assisted帮助；D. ordered订购。根据“I must admit I am not a very good listener.”和“to become a good listener”可知，妻子的手术帮助作者成为好的倾听者。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但真正帮助我成为一个好的倾听者的是帮助我的妻子从气管手术中恢复过来。A. departed离去；B. recovered恢复；C. escaped逃走；D. retired退休。根据后文“from her trachea surgery”指从手术中恢复。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为手术，她几乎一个月都不能说话。A. surgery外科手术；B. accident事故；C. joke玩笑；D. accent口音。根据“after her trachea surgery”可知，作者妻子因为气管手术而不能说话。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她有一本便笺簿，她可以把自己的想法和意见写下来。A. schedules日程；B. congratulations祝贺；C. comments评论，意见；D. rewards回报。根据“She had a pad”和“the only way they could_____12_____was writing their thoughts and comments down”可知，妻子在便笺簿上写下自己的意见。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然那是非常缓慢且不方便的，我每天都能看到越来越严重的抑郁。A. boring令人厌烦的；B. funny可笑的；C. unsafe不安全的；D. inconvenient不方便的。根据“Of course that was very slow”和常识可知，在便笺簿上写字很不方便。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然那是非常缓慢且不方便的，我每天都能看到越来越严重的抑郁。A. depression沮丧；B. pleasantness愉快；C. guidance指导；D. ignorance无知。根据上文“Of course that was very slow and”可知妻子因为手术说话不方便，因此越来越沮丧。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我发现自己会尽力去弄明白她在想什么，因为我知道她没有精力把所有的东西写下来，所以我不断地设法从她的眼睛看世界。A. break off折断；B. figure out理解；C. pick off摘掉；D. drop in顺便拜访。根据“and I could see the growing depression each day”和“what she was thinking”可知，妻子越来越抑郁，作者必须要弄清楚妻子在想什么。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现自己会尽力去弄明白她在想什么，因为我知道她没有精力把所有的东西写下来，所以我不断地设法从她的眼睛看世界。A. courage勇气；B. state状态；C. mood情绪；D. energy精力，能量。根据后文“to write everything down”指有精力把所有的东西写下来，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我发现自己会尽力去弄明白她在想什么，因为我知道她没有精力把所有的东西写下来，所以我不断地设法从她的眼睛看世界。A. sincerely真诚地；B. fearfully胆怯地；C. constantly不断地；D. cautiously慎重地。根据“since I knew she didn’t have the energy to write everything down”可知，因为妻子不能把一切都写下来，所以作者必须不断地设法从妻子的眼睛看世界。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我发现自己会尽力去弄明白她在想什么，因为我知道她没有精力把所有的东西写下来，所以我不断地设法从她的眼睛看世界。A. see看见；B. visit拜访；C. abandon抛弃；D. build修建。根据后文“the world from her eyes”指从妻子的眼睛去看世界。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的妻子不能说话，这需要我密切关注，而且也使我成为一个好的倾听者。A. wait等待；B. speak讲话；C. listen听；D. cry哭。根据“She couldn’t talk for almost a month because of the____2____.”可知，妻子因为气管手术而不能说话。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为她不可能把她想说的每一个词都写出来，所以她不得不对她选择的词更加讲究。A. curious好奇的；B. worried担心的；C. particular讲究的；D. crazy疯狂的。be particular about对……讲究。根据“Because she couldn’t write out every word she wanted to speak”可知，因为不能把每一个词都写出来，所以妻子在选词方面特别讲究。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，我们的交流变得更有价值，我们更关注对方说了什么。A. valuable有价值的；B. wild野生的；C. mature成熟的；D. fluent流利的。根据“she had to be more____8____about the words she chose.”可知，因为妻子在选词方面特别讲究，所以交流变得更有价值。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：正因为如此，我们的交流变得更有价值，我们更关注对方说了什么。A. graduate毕业生；B. cyclist骑自行车的人；C. president主席；D. person人。此处指作者和妻子他们双方，the other person表示“另一个人”。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这段经历之后，我不禁在想，这可能会帮助那些有感情问题的人。A. disaster灾难；B. experience经历；C. crisis危机；D. experiment实验。这里指上文描述的作者妻子因气管手术不能说话与作者用纸笔交流的经历。故选B。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为，如果一个或两个人同意他们唯一可以交流的方法是写下自己的想法和意见，这将是非常好的疗法，可以帮助人们解决很多问题。A. forgot忘记；B. complained抱怨；C. hoped希望；D. agreed同意。根据“the only way they could_____12_____was writing their thoughts and comments down”可知，唯一可以交流的方法是写下自己的想法和意见，这需要两个人同意。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为，如果一个或两个人同意他们唯一可以交流的方法是写下自己的想法和意见，这将是非常好的疗法，可以帮助人们解决很多问题。A. receive收到；B. indicate指示；C. communicate交流；D. expect期望。根据“writing their thoughts and comments down”可知，写下自己的想法和意见是为了彼此交流。故选C。
38题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为，如果一个或两个人同意他们唯一可以交流的方法是写下自己的想法和意见，这将是非常好的疗法，可以帮助人们解决很多问题。A. solve解决；B. attempt尝试；C. create创造；D. use使用。根据“I believe it would be incredibly good therapy”可知，这种疗法可以帮助人们解决很多问题。故选A。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你和某人有任何难以处理的事，为什么不试一试呢？A. excuses借口；B. struggles难事；C. relations关系；D. stories故事。根据“I believe it would be incredibly good therapy”可知，作者认为这种方法可以解决难以处理的事情。故选B。
【40题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不需要同意不说话的规则，因为这种尝试一个人也可以进行。A. targets目标；B. congratulations庆祝；C. laws法律；D. rules规则。根据“because this experiment can be carried out by just one person.”可知，这种一个人也可以进行，所以不需要同意不说话的规则。故选D。
Passage 2
My husband Wilson and I were spending our honeymoon in Hawaii when he got a call from his Human Resources manager in Boston. We were completely ___41___ for the news that he would be losing his job within a month. It was ___42___ terrible because I had quit my job before our wedding.
What a shock! If two of us were ___43___, how could we make the ends met? Shall we still ___44___Boston? We had our flat, friends and family there. ___45___, with no job and a little savings, that is not a(n) ___46___ option. “How about moving to Los Angeles?” Wilson ___47___ suddenly. He knew well that Thad always had a ___48___ to settle or home in Los Angeles.
“Los Angeles? The high living-cost Los Angeles? But we don’t even have a job there! Is it realistic?” I reasoned. Wilson didn’t___49___ but just looked at me, smiling. After a while, still unsure, yet feeling ____50____ about his proposal I found myself happily said “yes!”. Once ____51____ was made, action came immediately. We went back to Boston and got ready for moving. The rest honeymoon was replaced with busy ____52____, searching for apartments in Los Angeles online, and ____53____ for jobs. So Wilson had a phone interview for a job, a second interview and a hid something magical happened as we were ____54____ to Los Angeles along the highway. We found our stress slowly fading away as we ____55____ the destination. Smiles climbed on our faces again. Being ____56____ to spend hours in a car, we found ourselves having a long ____57____ about our future. The day after arrival, Wilson ____58____ “the call”. And he made it. That job he had been interviewed for three times was now his. Later, I also got my new job.
Had we not taken a chance, we would have ____59____ the joyful life we have now. Sometimes, a roadblock in or lives will turn into a stepping stone if we ____60____ the opportunity, think big and keep your feet on the ground.
41. A. responsible B. unprepared C. unsuitable D. eager
42. A. especially B. merely C. hardly D. specially
43. A. powerless B. hopeless C. homeless D. jobless
44. A. return to B. pass by C. travel around D. stay in
45. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Instead D. However
46. A. accurate B. promising C. impossible D. challenging
47. A. burst B. declined C. suggested D. announced
48. A. conference B. room C. competition D. desire
49. A. respond B. notice C. change D. remember
50. A. angry B. nervous C. excited D. ridiculous
51. A. announcement B. effort C. conclusion D. decision
52. A. reading B. packing C. cooking D. washing
53. A. exchanging B. paying C. applying D. sending
54. A. running B. riding C. flying D. driving
55. A. destroyed B. approached C. reached D. predicted
56. A. forced B. reminded C. encouraged D. invited
57. A. quarrel B. introduction C. discussion D. lecture
58. A. received B. canceled C. mentioned D. ignored
59. A. valued B. missed C. doubted D. forgotten
60. A. refuse B. dislike C. seize D. postpone
【41~60题答案】
41. B42. A43. D44. D45. D46. B47. C48. D49. A50. C51. D52. B53. C54. D55. B56. A57. C58. A59. B60. C
【解题导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者和丈夫在蜜月期间收到了丈夫即将失业的消息，作者自己也在婚前辞职。面对困境，他们决定定居洛杉矶，最终两个人对未来进行了讨论并找到工作。文章告诉我们有时候，生活中的障碍也会变成踏脚石，只要我们抓住机会，胸怀大志，脚踏实地。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们对他一个月内就要失业的消息完全没有准备。A. responsible负责任的；B. unprepared无准备的；C. unsuitable不合适的；D. eager渴望的。根据“My husband Wilson and I were spending our honeymoon in Hawaii”和“What a shock!”可知，作者他们对他老公将要失业的事情没有准备。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：尤其糟糕的是，我在婚礼前就辞职了。A. especially尤其，特别；B. merely仅仅；C. hardly几乎不；D. specially专门地。根据“that he would be losing his job within a month.”可知，丈夫即将失业，所以作者在婚礼前就辞职地事情显得尤其糟糕。故选A。
【43题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们两个人都失业了，我们怎样才能收支平衡呢？A. powerless无权的，没有影响力的；B. hopeless没有希望的；C. homeless无家可归的；D. jobless没有工作的。根据“that he would be losing his job within a month.”和“I had quit my job before our wedding.”可知，此处指他们两个都失业。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们还留在波士顿吗？A. return to返回；B. pass by经过；C. travel around周游，环游；D. stay in停留。根据““How about moving to Los Angeles?””可知，在失去工作后，考虑是否还要留在波士顿。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有工作和一点积蓄，这并不是一个有希望的选择。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. Instead反而，代替；D. However然而。根据上文“We had our flat, friends and family there.( 我们住在公寓里，朋友和家人都在那里)”和下文“with no job and a little savings(没有工作和一点积蓄)”可知，上下文形成转折关系。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. accurate精确的；B. promising有前途的；C. impossible不可能的；D. challenging具有挑战性的。根据“with no job and a little savings”可知，留在波士顿不是一个有前途的选择。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“搬到洛杉矶怎么样?”威尔逊突然建议。A. burst突发；B. declined下降；C. suggested建议；D. announced宣布。根据““How about moving to Los Angeles?””可知，此处表示威尔逊提出建议。故选C。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很清楚萨德一直渴望在洛杉矶定居或安家。A. conference会议；B. room房间；C. competition竞争；D. desire欲望，渴望。根据“to settle or home in Los Angeles.”可知，此处表示萨德一直渴望在洛杉矶定居或安家。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊没有回答，只是微笑着看着我。A. respond回应；B. notice注意；C. change改变；D. remember记得。根据““Los Angeles? The high living-cost Los Angeles? But we don’t even have a job there! Is it realistic?” I reasoned.”可知，面对作者提出的质疑，丈夫没有回应。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过了一段时间，我仍然不确定，但对他的提议感到兴奋，我发现自己高兴地说:“愿意!”A. angry生气的；B. nervous紧张的；C. excited兴奋的；D. ridiculous荒唐的。根据“I found myself happily said “yes!””可知，作者很兴奋。故选C。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦作出决定，就立即采取行动。A. announcement通告；B. effort努力；C conclusion总结；D. decision决定。根据“We went back to Boston and got ready for moving.”可知，他们在作出决定后，采取行动。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：剩下的蜜月都被忙碌的打包、在洛杉矶网上寻找公寓和求职所取代。A. reading阅读；B. packing打包；C. cooking烹饪；D. washing洗。根据“We went back to Boston and got ready for moving.”可知，决定要搬家，所以开始打包行李。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. exchanging交换，交流；B. paying支付；C. applying申请；D. sending发送。根据“So Wilson had a phone interview for a job”可知，他们在网上申请工作。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们驱车前往洛杉矶的高速公路上，神奇的事情发生了。A. running跑；B. riding骑；C. flying飞；D. driving驾驶。根据“along the highway”可知，是驾车去洛杉矶。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们接近目的地时，我们发现我们的压力慢慢地消失了。A. destroyed破坏；B. approached接近；C. reached达到；D. predicted预测。根据“Being ___16___ to spend hours in a car, we found ourselves having a long ___17___ about our future.”可知，此处表示接近目的地。故选B。
【56题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：被迫在车里待了几个小时，我们发现自己对未来进行了长时间的讨论。A. forced强迫；B. reminded提醒；C. encouraged鼓励；D. invited邀请。根据“We were completely ___1___ for the news that he would be losing his job within a month.”可知，因为丈夫失业决定去洛杉矶，因此是被迫在车里待了几个小时。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. quarrel争吵；B. introduction介绍；C. discussion讨论；D. lecture演讲。根据“about our future”可知，他们在车上发现自己对未来进行了长时间的讨论。故选C。
【58题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到达后的第二天，威尔逊接到了“电话”。A. received接收；B. canceled取消；C. mentioned提到；D. ignored忽视。根据“That job he had been interviewed for three times was now his.”可知，威尔逊接到了“电话”。故选A。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们没有抓住机会，我们就会错过现在的快乐生活。A. valued重视，珍视；B. missed错过，思念；C. doubted怀疑；D. forgotten忘记。根据“Had we not taken a chance”可知，作者认为如果没有抓住机会，就会错过现在的快乐生活。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，生活中的障碍也会变成踏脚石，只要我们抓住机会，胸怀大志，脚踏实地。A. refuse拒绝；B. dislike不喜欢；C. seize抓住；D. postpone推迟。根据上文“taken a chance”可知，此处表示抓住机会。故选C。
Passage 3
It was close to midnight on a Sunday evening in June, 1966. All of my neighbors were ____21____, resting for the hard week ahead. ____22____ me.
Sitting in a chair in the front yard of my parents’ house and waiting to be ____23____ so that I could begin my work on a garbage truck for the first time, I was ____24____.
Working on a garbage truck did not seem ____25____ at all. In fact, it was the thing to do and many people in my ____26____ did. Several of my friends’ fathers either worked for or ____27____ garbage- trucking businesses. The ____28____ could be said for the other Dutch families in the area.
And although every teenage boy knew that working on the truck was going to be a hard and ____29____ experience, it was not undesirable. The benefits of the job had been ____30____ discussed among us boys. We knew all the ____31____: the leaders of the businesses, the names and types of trucks used. ____32____, we could see for ourselves the rewards that some of the ____33____ men before us had acquired by ____34____ garbage on weekends or during the summer. John Teune even ____35____ a new car for his many days working on the truck on his sixteenth birthday.
Yes, I thought to myself that I was going to do a man’s job. No more working on a(n) ____36____ basis for a friend’s father at his place of business, or for a few weeks in summer at my uncle’s mobile home park. This was a real job. ____37____, I was to be paid $5. 60 an hour. In 1966, this was big ____38____.
The ____39____ of the night was suddenly broken by the sound of a(n) ____40____ garbage truck. Bob Van Otten, my coworker, was waving to me from the truck.
21. A. busy B. asleep C. sick D. anxious
22. A. Except for B. Rather than C. Thanks to D. Regardless of
23. A. attended to B. taken over C. picked up D. pulled out
24. A. frightened B. amazed C. embarrassed D. excited
25. A. great B. easy C. urgent D. unusual
26. A. house B. neighborhood C. story D. dream
27. A. owned B. hated C. ruined D. sold
28. A. fun B. opposite C. same D. public
29. A. dirty B. nice C. valueless D. rewarding
30. A. carelessly B. unwillingly C. openly D. finally
31. A. losses B. facts C. profits D. difficulties
32. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Besides
33. A. poor B. young C. silly D. dishonest
34. A. collecting B. stealing C. storing D. studying
35. A. repaired B. rented C. got D. asked
36. A. regular B. permanent C. solid D. temporary
37. A. Actually B. Unfortunately C. Originally D. Curiously
38. A. courage B. cost C. money D. power
39. A. darkness B. peace C. ice D. record
40. A. burning B. annoying C. aging D. approaching
【21~40题答案】
21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. C
31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B 40. D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在父母家前院的椅子上等垃圾车来接他去工作，并对这份工作进行了介绍。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我所有的邻居都在睡觉，为即将到来的艰难的一周而休息。A. busy繁忙的；B. asleep睡着的；C. sick生病的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文“It was close to midnight”和句中“resting for the hard week ahead”可知，邻居都睡着了。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：除了我。A. Except for除了……以外；B. Rather than而不是；C. Thanks to由于，幸亏；D. Regardless of不顾，不管。根据下文“Sitting in a chair in the front yard of my parents’ house and waiting”可知，作者没有睡觉，所以“除了我”。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：坐在父母家前院的椅子上，等着被人接走，这样我就可以第一次开始我在垃圾车上的工作了，我很兴奋。A. attended to照料；B. taken over接管；C. picked up捡起，(开车) 接；D. pulled out退出。根据句中“I could begin my work on a garbage truck”和最后一段中“Bob Van Otten, my coworker, was waving to me from the truck.”可知，作者是等垃圾车来接他。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坐在父母家前院的椅子上，等着被人接走，这样我就可以第一次开始我在垃圾车上的工作了，我很兴奋。A. frightened害怕的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. excited激动的。根据句中“I could begin my work on a garbage truck for the first time”可推知，第一次在垃圾车上工作，作者应该感到激动。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在垃圾车上工作似乎一点也不奇怪。A. great伟大；B. easy容易的；C. urgent急迫的；D. unusual不寻常的。根据下文“In fact, it was the thing to do and many people in my 　　6　　 did.”可知，很多人都在做这个工作，所以在垃圾车上工作并不奇怪。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，这就是我要做的事情，我的邻居们也这么做了。A. house房子；B. neighborhood街区，街坊；C. story故事；D. dream梦想。根据下文“Several of my friends’ fathers either worked for or 　　7　　 garbage- trucking businesses.”可知，作者身边的朋友家里也在做，结合选项，即邻居也在做。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的几个朋友的父亲要么在垃圾运输公司工作，要么经营垃圾运输业务。A. owned拥有；B. hated厌恶；C. ruined毁灭；D. sold卖。结合选项和句中连词“or”可知，要么是为垃圾运输公司工作，要么是做老板，拥有垃圾运输业务。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个地区的其他荷兰家庭也是如此。A. fun有趣的；B. opposite完全相反的；C. same同一的；D. public公众的。根据上文“Working on a garbage truck did not seem unusual at all.”和句中“for the other Dutch families in the area”可知，这一地区其它荷兰家庭也在从事垃圾运输行业。the same could be said for...“……也是如此”。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管每个十几岁的男孩都知道在垃圾车上工作将是一段又苦又脏的经历，但这并不是不受欢迎的。A. dirty脏的；B. nice美好的；C. valueless不值钱的；D. rewarding值得的。结合选项和常识可知，在垃圾车上工作一定很脏。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们男孩子们曾公开讨论过这份工作的好处。A. carelessly粗心地；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. openly公开地；D. finally终于。根据句中“discussed among us boys”和下文“We knew all”可知，他们会公开讨论这份工作。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们知道所有的事实：企业的领导，使用的卡车的名称和类型。A. losses损失；B. facts事实；C. profits利益；D. difficulties困难。根据句中“the leaders of the businesses, the names and types of trucks used. ”可知，他们知道所有的关于垃圾运输行业的事情。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们可以亲眼看到我们前面的一些年轻人在周末或夏天收集垃圾所获得的回报。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Otherwise否则；D. Besides而且。上文讲了他们知道企业的领导，使用的卡车的名称和类型，本句讲他们看到收集垃圾所获得的回报，这些都是关于这份工作的事情，上下文之间是并列关系，用连接副词besides。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们可以亲眼看到我们前面的一些年轻人在周末或夏天收集垃圾所获得的回报。A. poor贫穷的；B. young年轻的；C. silly愚蠢的；D. dishonest不诚实的。根据下文举例“John Teune even 　　15　　 a new car for his many days working on the truck on his sixteenth birthday.”可知，他们看到的是年经人收集垃圾所获得的回报。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，我们可以亲眼看到我们前面的一些年轻人在周末或夏天收集垃圾所获得的回报。A. collecting收集；B. stealing偷盗；C. storing储存；D. studying研究。根据上下文可知，文中谈论的是在垃圾车上的工作这件事情，所以句中指年青人收垃圾得到报酬。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰·特恩甚至在他16岁生日那天得到了一辆新车，因为他在卡车上工作了许多天。A. repaired修理；B. rented租用；C. got得到；D. asked询问。根据上文“we could see for ourselves the rewards”和句中“for his many days working on the truck”可知，作者用John Teune的事例来说明在垃圾车上的工作带来的酬劳，所以句中是说John Teune通过在垃圾车上的工作得到了一辆汽车。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我再也不用在朋友的父亲工作的地方干临时工作，也不用夏天在叔叔的移动住宅公园工作几周。A. regular频繁的；B. permanent永久的；C. solid坚硬的；D. temporary暂时的。根据句中“for a friend’s father at his place of business, or for a few weeks in summer at my uncle’s mobile home park”可知，这些都是临时的工作。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，我的工资是每小时5.60美元。A. Actually实际上；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Originally起初；D. Curiously好奇地。根据句中“I was to be paid $5.60 an hour.”可知，作者是陈述一个事实，用副词actually进行强调。故选A项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在1966年，这可是一大笔钱。A. courage勇气；B. cost价钱，费用；C. money钱，工资；D. power权力。根据上文“I was to be paid $5.60 an hour.”可知，在1966，每小时5.60美元是一笔不菲的收入。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜晚的宁静突然被一辆接近的垃圾车的声音打破了。A. darkness黑暗；B. peace平静；C. ice冰；D. record记录。根据第一段“It was close to midnight on a Sunday evening in June, 1966. All of my neighbors were 　　1　, resting for the hard week ahead.”可知，快到午夜，邻居都休息了，所以这是一个宁静的夜晚。故选B项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：夜晚的宁静突然被一辆正在接近的垃圾车的声音打破了。A. burning燃烧；B. annoying使恼怒；C. aging变老；D. approaching接近。根据句中“the sound”可知，垃圾车开来接作者，鸣喇叭示意，垃圾车是正在靠近。故选D项。
Passage 4
When in college, I liked natural world, but didn't love it. And the more I looked at what was ____41____ —an exploding world population, exploding levels of resource consumption, etc. --the____42____ I became.
Then, I decided to ____43____ and something funny happened. It's a long ____44____, but basically I became a birdwatcher. At first I did this not without significant ____45____, because anything that ____46____ real passion is uncool. But little by little, I developed this ____47____first for the new species discovered and then, magically, I could ____48____ my heart overflow with love whenever I looked at a bird, any bird. That's where a (n) ____49____ mixture surfaced —my anger about the _____50_____ was only increased when I learned more about the_____51_____ that birds face; however, as I engaged in bird conservation, it became surprisingly _____52_____ a live with that anger.
I guess my love for birds forced me to face a less self-centered part of myself that I’d never even known _____53_____. It was a self that I had to either _____54_____ or reject. My anger actually is rooted in the_____55_____ that we're alive for a while but will die before long. Once again, I can either _____56_____ this factor, by way of _____57_____, embrace it. .
When we stay in our room shrugging our shoulders, the problems outside are incredibly_____58_____.But when we go out and put ourselves _____59_____ real people, or even just real animals, there's a very real chance that some love might _____60_____.
41. A. right B. wrong C. elegant D. delicate
42. A. happier B. angrier C. sadder D. thirstier
43. A. change B. go C. develop D. remove
44. A. way B. effect C. case D. story
45. A. importance B. preference C. guidance D. resistance
46. A. tolerates B. declares C. betrays D. indicates
47. A. passion B. definition C. reality D. significance
48. A. sense B. watch C. hear D. touch
49. A. ambitious B. familiar C. curious D. entire
50. A. birds B. heart C. species D. planet
51. A. traps B. controls C. enemies D. threats
52. A. harder B. easier C. worse D. better
53. A. moved B. faded C. existed D. panicked
54. A. deny B. rescue C. polish D. accept
55. A. cycle B. mistake C. fact D. failure
56. A. run from B. run for C. run into D. run after
57. A. life B. death C. love D. anger
58. A. obvious B. fearsome C. simple D. delightful
59. A. in exchange for B. in relation to C. in control of D. in agreement with
60. A. occur B. hurt C. skip D. disappear
【41~60题答案】
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. C 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者通过观鸟，改变了自己对待自然的态度——从喜欢自然到热爱自然、从因环境问题而愤怒到与愤怒共处。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我越是关注问题所在——爆炸式增长的世界人口、爆炸式增长的资源消耗水平等等——我就越生气。A. right正确的；B. wrong有问题的；C. elegant优雅的；D. delicate微妙的，易碎的，优雅的。根据“an exploding world population, exploding levels of resource consumption”可知，这些是自然环境所面临的问题。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. happier更高兴的；B. angrier更生气的；C. sadder更难过的；D. thirstier更渴的。根据下文“my anger about the ____10____ was only increased”可知，此处是信息词angry的词汇复现，也是作者对大自然的态度转变中贯穿始终的一种情绪。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我决定改变，有趣事情发生了。A. change改变；B. go去；C. develop发展；D. remove移除。根据“When in college, I liked natural world, but didn't love it.”和“but basically I became a birdwatcher.”可知，作者是想要“改变”。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：说来话长，但基本上我成了一个观鸟者。A. way方法；B. effect影响；C. case例子；D. story故事。“It's a long story.”意为“说来话长。”，与下文的“but basically”（“大致说来”）相呼应。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一开始我这么做并不是没有明显的抵制，因为任何背叛真正激情的事情都不酷。A. importance重要性；B. preference偏爱，喜爱；C. guidance向导，引导；D. resistance抵抗，反抗。根据“uncool”可知，作者一开始去观鸟是不无“抵抗”心理的。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. tolerates忍受；B. declares宣布；C. betrays背叛；D. indicates表明。根据“real passion is uncool.”可知，“违背”了激情的事情是“uncool”的。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但渐渐地，我对新发现的物种产生了热情，然后，神奇的是，每当我看到一只鸟，任何一只鸟，我都能感觉到我的心洋溢着爱。A. passion激情；B. definition定义；C. reality现实，事实；D. significance重要性。根据上文“that ____6____ real passion is uncool”，作者违背了激情，结合下文语境，他一点点地培养出了这种“激情”。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sense感觉；B. watch观看；C. hear听到；D. touch接触。作者神奇地发现他在看到任何鸟儿时，都能在内心“感觉”到爱。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是一种奇怪的混合现象出现的地方——当我了解到更多关于鸟类面临的威胁时，我对这个星球的愤怒只会增加；然而，当我从事鸟类保护工作时，带着愤怒的生活变得异常轻松。A. ambitious有野心的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. curious好奇的，稀奇古怪的；D. entire完全的。根据下文作者所提的两种情况——愤怒在增加，但是更容易和愤怒共处，可知作者认为这是一种“奇怪”的矛盾体。“curious”意为“strange and unusual”。故选C。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. birds鸟；B. heart心；C. species物种；D. planet星球。作者在文中反复提及“anger”，从第一段开始说明，他的“anger”是源自“自然界”面临的问题，“planet”是我们的星球，与自然界匹配。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. traps陷阱，圈套；B. controls控制；C. enemies敌人；D. threats威胁。当作者更多了解到鸟儿们所面临的“威胁”时，他对自然界所面临的问题更觉愤怒。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. harder更艰难的；B. easier更容易的；C. worse更糟糕的；D. better更好的。前文提到作者对自然界存在问题的愤怒有增无减，中间用“however”进行转折，后文显示作者的结论是应该走到大自然中，由此可知，作者“更容易”与自己的愤怒共处。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想我对鸟的爱迫使我面对自己不那么以自我为中心的部分，我甚至不知道它的存在。A. moved搬家，移动；B. faded逐渐消失，褪色；C. existed存在；D. panicked恐慌。对鸟儿的热爱让作者不得不面对自己“不那么以自我为中心的”一面——而作者以前从来不知道自己这一面的“存在”。故选C。
【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一个我要么接受要么拒绝的自我。A. deny否认；B. rescue拯救；C. polish磨光，润色；D. accept接受。根据本题后的“reject”和下文16题后的“embrace”，可知这是组词义相对的词——作者可以“接受”也可以拒绝。故选D。
【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的愤怒其实是源于我们还活着，但不久就会死去。A. cycle循环；B. mistake错误；C. fact事实；D. failure失败。根据下文该词的同位语从句“that we're alive for a while but will die before long”可知，这是一个“事实”。故选C。
【56题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：再一次，我可以逃避这个事实，或者，出于爱，拥抱它。A. run from逃避，逃离；B. run for竞选；C. run into冲进，撞上；D. run after追求。“run from”和下文的“embrace”是对应关系。故选A。
【57题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. life生活；B. death死亡；C. love爱；D. anger生气。作者可以拥抱“the fact”正是源于走出去观鸟后对鸟儿产生的“爱”。故选C。
【58题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们呆在自己的房间里耸耸肩时，外面的问题是难以置信的可怕。A. obvious明显的；B. fearsome令人生畏的；C. simple简单的；D. delightful令人愉快的。作者通过首尾呼应总结全文——当我们在家耸肩无奈，只会觉得外面的问题很“可怕”：这与作者一开始对待自然界的态度一样。故选B。
【59题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：但当我们走出去，与真实的人，甚至是真实的动物建立联系时，就很有可能会产生热爱之情。A. in exchange for用……交换；B. in relation to关于，涉及；C. in control of管理，掌控；D. in agreement with与……一致，同意。根据上文，作者走近大自然，跟鸟儿产生了某种“联系”，他才开始热爱大自然。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. occur发生；B. hurt受伤；C. skip跳过，略过；D. disappear消失。根据上文作者爱鸟的经历可知，但当我们走出去，与真实的人，甚至是真实的动物建立联系时，就很有可能会产生热爱之情。故选A。