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押新高考卷第41—60题
完形填空（夹叙夹议）

夹叙夹议的文章是高考完形填空中最有难度的，也是最热点的一类体裁。所选文章语言地道、寓意深刻、可读性强。文章常常在平淡的叙述中蕴含着深刻的人生哲理。此类选材倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义。作者首先叙述一件事，在叙述过程中或结束后发表自己的看法或由此事引出一个深刻的社会问题。文章的显著特点是首句可能在传达一个事件信息或透视一种社会现象，而后对此进行高层次评价，或由此引发一种深层次思考，具有记叙与议论的双重性，文情并茂，发人深思。解题时，应借助上下文乃至全文的语境揣摩作者的心境，及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。
（2）命题规律
1. 先叙述作者自己的某一个生活经历或见闻，然后针对这一事件发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。
2. 作者先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，有时也可能是用几个事例从不同的侧面来说明。
3. 提出一种观点或见解，然后用某一事例来阐述这一观点，最后再进一步地总结和升华。
此类完形填空三种结构特点如下表：
1
事例—观点
先叙述作者自己亲历或所见所闻的一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己对生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。
2
观点—事例
先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明，一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3
观点—事例—观点
提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。


满分技巧：
1. 研读首句，明大意。
2. 具体语境，细识别。
3. 复现信息，找根源。
4. 逻辑关系，助推理。
5. 固定搭配，速答题。
6. 熟词生义，巧推断。
7. 生活常识，巧利用。
8. 情感态度，慎思量。
解题思路：
1. 细读首句和尾句，把握前呼后应为前提
2. 跳读全文明大意，掂量整体局部要对应
3. 边读边填讲策略，巧辨一空三句抓语境
4. 词语入空通篇读，关注上下文逻辑和语义
5. 语义语用讲判断，小心常用词汇诡秘变（一词多义）

Passage 1
（2021 •山东高三一模）
Several years ago, a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to financial problems, I ___1___ it up, thinking I’d get to it someday.
Over the years, I had planned to upgrade to energy-efficient windows. But with the frame (窗框) rusted (锈) and firmly ___2___ in the foundation, whoever did it would need to chisel (凿) it out by hand. It would be a ___3___ process and there were six of those windows in the house. The cost was estimated at $15,000. It was simply ___4___.
Honestly, the thought of that window ___5___ me for years. I knew I needed to fix it, but I had built up the ___6___ so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.
Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away. But it was almost ___7___ to find a buyer if there was a broken window. So I pulled off the boards to face this thing head-on. I grabbed some rust remover, ___8___ it around the frame of the window, and gave it a pull. To my astonishment, it easily ___9___. I took the window downtown. It only cost me $12. I could have ___10___ the problem for only $12 when it occurred, but I let it bother me for five years!
___11___, this isn’t just about my window. Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another. They are things that seriously affect our ___12___ of life. If you recognize your broken window, don’t ___13___ to mend it. It may turn out to be ___14___ than expected. Usually we suffer more in___15___ than in reality.
1．A．tore B．made C．boarded D．packed
2．A．lost B．stuck C．buried D．mixed
3．A．brain-burning B．labor-consuming C．energy-wasting D．risk-taking
4．A．in a mess B．beyond control C．at hand D．out of reach
5．A．went against B．relied on C．ate at D．appealed to
6．A．difficulty B．confidence C．confusion D．harm
7．A．shameful B．impossible C．pointless D．unfair
8．A．blew B．turned C．passed D．spread
9．A．broke B．fell C．moved D．missed
10．A．addressed B．ignored C．delayed D．considered
11．A．Luckily B．Consequently C．Unexpectedly D．Actually
12．A．quality B．pace C．way D．meaning
13．A．attempt B．guarantee C．hesitate D．pretend
14．A．easier B．tougher C．rarer D．worse
15．A．practice B．memory C．principle D．imagination
【答案】1．C2．B3．B4．D5．C6．A7．B8．D9．C10．A11．D12．A13．C14．A15．D
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者讲述了自己家的窗户被打破后，没有及时修理，但这个问题困扰他多年，最后发现只需要12美元就可以解决这个问题，因此告诫人们要及时修补生活中的漏洞，否则会干扰你的生活。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于经济原因，我用木板堵住被打破的窗户，打算以后再修。A. tore撕碎；B. made制作；C. boarded用木板盖上；D. packed打包。根据上句“a neighbor kid kicked a football and broke a basement window of my house. Due to financial problems(一个邻居孩子踢球，打破了我家地下室的窗户。由于经济原因)”和下文“So I pulled off the boards(所以我拆下板子)”可知，窗户被打破了，由于经济原因，作者只好先用木板堵住。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是由于窗框生锈了，牢固地卡在地基里。无论谁做都必须用手将其凿出来。A. lost失去；B. stuck卡住；C. buried埋葬；D. mixed混合的。根据下文“whoever did it would need to chisel (凿) it out by hand”可知由于窗框生锈了，牢固地卡在地基里，必须用手凿出来。故选B。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那将是一个费力的过程，因为房子里总共有6个那样的窗户。A. brain-burning烧脑的；B. labor-consuming费力的；C. energy-wasting浪费能量的；D. risk-taking冒险的。根据上文“whoever did it would need to chisel (凿) it out by hand”可知，6个窗户要用手凿出来，这将是一个费力的工作。故选B。
4．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：那样的预算我是够不着的。A. in a mess一团糟；B. beyond control失控；C. at hand在手边；D. out of reach够不着。根据上文“The cost was estimated at $15,000.”可知，作者由于经济原因，那样的预算太高，他够不着。故选D。
5．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：坦率地讲，窗户的问题困扰了我多年。A. went against 违背；B. relied on依靠；C. ate at困扰；D. appealed to吸引，呼吁。根据下句“I knew I needed to fix it, but I had built up the _　　6　　_ so much in my mind that I put it off again and again.”和下文“but I let it bother me for five years!”可知，作者知道要修窗户，但是觉得困难重重，一拖再拖。因此这个问题一直困扰着他。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道要修窗户，但是觉得困难重重，一拖再拖。A. difficulty困难；B. confidence信心；C. confusion迷惑；D. harm危害。根据下文“I put it off again and again”可知，作者觉得困难重重，因此一直没有修。故选A。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。A. shameful可耻的；B. impossible不可能的；C. pointless无意义的；D. unfair不公平的。根据上文“Then I had a job change and needed to sell the house before moving away.”可知，由于工作改变，作者需要卖房。但是如果窗户破着，找到买主是不可能的。故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓了一些除锈的东西，散布到窗户的框架上，用力一拉。A. blew吹；B. turned转向；C. passed通过；D. spread散布，传播。根据上文“I grabbed some rust remover”和下文“around the frame of the window”可知，是将除锈的东西，散布到窗户的框架上。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：令我惊奇的是，窗户的框架很容易被移动。A. broke打破；B. fell倒下；C. moved移动；D. missed错过。根据下文“I took the window downtown.”可知，我将拆下的窗户拉到市区。因此窗户的框架很容易被移动。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我本应该当问题出现的时候就去解决，但是我却延误了5年。A. addressed设法解决；B. ignored忽略；C. delayed延误；D. considered考虑。根据下文“but I let it bother me for five years!”可知，我让问题延误了5年，才去设法解决。故选A。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：实际上，这不仅仅是我的窗户问题。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Consequently因此；C. Unexpectedly没有料到；D. Actually事实上。根据下句“Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another.”可知，我们许多人都忍受着不同类型的破窗户问题。由此可知，实际上，这不仅仅是一个窗户问题。故选D。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些是影响我们生活质量问题的事情。A. quality质量；B. pace速率；C. way路，方法；D. meaning含义。根据上句“Many of us live with broken windows of one type or another.”可知，我们许多人都忍受着不同类型的破窗户问题。而这些问题影响我们生活质量。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你认识到你的窗户破了，要毫不犹豫地去修理。A. attempt尝试；B. guarantee保证；C. hesitate犹豫；D. pretend假装。根据上文“If you recognize your broken window”可知，如果你认识到你的窗户破了，要毫不犹豫地去修理。故选C。
14．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：（及时修理的话）结果比预料的要容易。A. easier更容易的；B. tougher更困难的；C. rarer更稀有的；D. worse更糟糕的。根据上文语境可知，作者一开始由于经济原因不修理破窗，后来更是总想着修窗的困难重重，因此一直没有修，五年后发现12美元就可以解决破窗问题，所以说问题出现时赶紧解决，结果比预料的要容易。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常情况下，我们在想象中受到的苦要比现实中的要多。A. practice练习；B. memory记忆；C. principle原则；D. imagination想象。根据上文语境可知，作者一开始由于经济原因不修理破窗，后来更是总想着修窗的困难重重，因此一直没有修，五年后发现12美元就可以解决破窗问题，结合“than in reality”可知，这里将想象中受到的苦和现实中的苦进行比较。故选D。



Passage 2
（2022·重庆市育才中学一模）
A former student of mine is now a teacher at my high school. She walked by me in the ___16___ this afternoon and said with a smile, “Ms. Harris, I know you love our word of the week — integrity. I heard it on the announcements this morning and I ___17___ thought of you.” I replied, “Thank you, Pharen; that ___18___ me.” She went on to say, “I always ___19___ you talking to me about integrity and ___20___ and how important they were.” I ___21___ her again and she continued on down the hallway.
As I reflect on this ___22___, it brings a smile to my face. Of the many ___23___ that she could associate with me, the fact that she associated the word “integrity” is important ___24___ of my influence as an educator. I believe that she connected the idea of honesty and moral character with me ____25____ the example I have set with my life.
It calls to mind a popular quote — “Let us not grow tired in doing ____26____, for at the right time we will reap (得到) a harvest, if we do not give up.” I am ____27____ for a reminder today — when it seems that no one is ____28____ it — that the important values are being caught and ____29____ if I just keep “doing the right thing”. As a teacher, I know in ____30____ you cannot see the fruit of a day’s work. It is invisible and remains so, maybe for twenty years.
16．A．hall B．office C．gallery D．classroom
17．A．immediately B．casually C．rarely D．potentially
18．A．upsets B．pleases C．puzzles D．warns
19．A．catch B．forget C．keep D．remember
20．A．participation B．fortune C．character D．prejudice
21．A．comforted B．thanked C．believed D．encountered
22．A．interaction B．negotiation C．decision D．cooperation
23．A．colors B．interests C．words D．tastes
24．A．confusion B．proof C．exercise D．wisdom
25．A．instead of B．because of C．except for D．regardless of
26．A．little B．nothing C．wrong D．good
27．A．helpful B．faithful C．grateful D．delightful
28．A．facing B．questioning C．getting D．stealing
29．A．thrown away B．called off C．figured out D．passed on
30．A．teaching B．science C．economy D．communication

16．A
17．A
18．B
19．D
20．C
21．B
22．A
23．C
24．B
25．B
26．D
27．C
28．C
29．D
30．A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者昔日的一位学生成了自己的同事，一天，两人在走廊上相遇，作者的学生说起早上在报告中听到“诚实正直”一词时，瞬间联想到了作者，回想起作者总是谈及诚实正直与品格的重要性。这次互动也提醒了作者只要自己坚持去做对的事，这些重要的价值观总会被理解并且传递下去。
16．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天下午，她在走廊里从我身边走过，微笑着说：“Harris女士，我知道你喜欢我们本周的关键词——正直。”A. hall走廊；B. office办公室；C. gallery画廊；D. classroom教室。根据上文“A former student of mine is now a teacher at my high school.”以及下文“her again and she continued on down the hallway”可推知，此处指两人是在学校的走廊相遇的。固定搭配“walk by sb.”意为“从某人身旁走过”。故选A项。
17．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我今早在广播里听到了它，立刻就想到了你。A. immediately立即；B. casually偶然地；C. rarely稀少地；D. potentially潜在地。根据下文“talking to me about integrity and ___5___ and how important they were”可推知，此处指作者以前向她讲过诚实正直的重要性，所以听到这个词，她立马想到了作者。故选A项。
18．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回答说：“谢谢你，Pharen，我很高兴。”A. upsets使烦恼；B. pleases使愉悦；C. puzzles使困惑；D. warns使警惕。根据上文“I heard it on the announcements this morning and I immediately thought of you.”以及下文“it brings a smile to my face”可推知，此处指作者的学生听到“诚实正直”就马上想起她，这件事自然让作者很高兴。故选B项。
19．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她接着说：“我永远记得您对我讲诚实正直与品质，以及它们的重要性。”A. catch抓住；B. forget忘记；C. keep保持；D. remember记得。根据上文“I immediately thought of you”以及下文“talking to me about integrity”可推知，此处指Pharen对作者以前谈论的关于诚实和正直的价值观记忆深刻。固定搭配“remember sb. doing sth.”意为“记得某人做过某事”。故选D项。
20．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她接着说：“我永远记得您对我讲诚实正直与品质，以及它们的重要性。”A. participation参与；B. fortune财富；C. character品质；D. prejudice偏见。根据上文“you talking to me about integrity”以及下文“I believe that she connected the idea of honesty and moral character with me”可推知，此处指Pharen记得作者跟她强调过诚实正直与品质的重要性。故选C项。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我再次谢过她之后，她沿着走廊继续往前走。A. comforted安慰；B. thanked感谢；C. believed相信；D. encountered遭遇。根据上文“Thank you, Pharen”以及下文“again”可推知，此处指作者再次感谢了Pharen。故选B项。
22．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我回想起这种交流时，我的脸上露出了笑容。A. interaction交流；B. negotiation谈判；C. decision决定；D. cooperation合作。根据上文“I reflect on this”以及下文“it brings a smile to my face”可推知，此处指作者回想起她与Pharen之间的这次交流，十分高兴。故选A项。
23．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她能联想到我的许多词中，她联想到“正直”这个词，这是我作为一名教育工作者有影响力的重要证明。A. colors颜色；B. interests兴趣；C. words词语；D. tastes口味。根据上文“I heard it on the announcements this morning and I immediately thought of you.”以及下文“the fact that she associated the word “integrity””可推知，此处指作者之前的学生Pharen在许多词语中选择把“诚实正直”这个词和作者联想到一起。故选C项。
24．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她能联想到我的许多词中，她联想到“正直”这个词，这是我作为一名教育工作者有影响力的重要证明。A. confusion混乱；B. proof证明；C. exercise运动；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文“Of the many words that she could associate with me, the fact that she associated the word “integrity” is important”以及下文“of my influence as an educator”可推知，此处指作者的学生通过“诚实正直”这个词语联想起作者，这可以证明作者作为一个教育工作者的影响力。故选B项。
25．
考查介词短语辨析。句意：我相信她将诚实和道德品质的理念与我联系在一起，是因为我在生活中树立了榜样。A. instead of代替、而不是；B. because of因为；C. except for除了；D. regardless of不管。根据上文“I believe that she connected the idea of honesty and moral character with me”以及下文“the example I have set with my life”可推知，设空处上下文构成因果关系，即作者相信Pharen之所以建立起这种联想是由于作者自己在生活中就秉承着这样的价值观念，树立起了榜样。故选B项。
26．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它让人想到一句流行语：“我们在行善时不要感到厌倦，倘若我们不放弃，在适当的时刻就会得到收获。”A. little一点点；B. nothing没有什么东西；C. wrong不义行为；D. good善行。根据下文“for at the right time we will reap a harvest, if we do not give up”以及“doing the right thing”可推知，此处指的应是行善、做有益的事，good用作名词，表示“善行”。故选D项。
27．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激今天有人提醒我——当看似没有人理解的时候——如果我继续“做正确的事”，重要的价值观就会被领会并传递下去。A. helpful有帮助的；B. faithful忠诚的；C. grateful感激的；D. delightful令人愉快的。根据上文“I believe that she connected the idea of honesty and moral character with me because of the example I have set with my life.”以及下文“for a reminder today”可推知，此处指今天发生的事引起了作者的思考，让作者有所感悟，作者感激今天发生的这样一件给作者以提醒的事。故选C项。
28．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很感激今天有人提醒我——当看似没有人理解的时候——如果我继续“做正确的事”，重要的价值观就会被领会并传递下去。A. facing面对；B. questioning质询；C. getting理解；D. stealing偷窃。根据下文“that the important values are being caught”以及“if I just keep “doing the right thing””可推知，此处指当看似没有人理解的时候，如果作者继续“做正确的事”，就会有人领会她重要的价值观。故选C项。
29．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很感激今天有人提醒我——当看似没有人理解的时候——如果我继续“做正确的事”，重要的价值观就会被领会并传递下去。A. thrown away扔掉；B. called off取消；C. figured out理解；D. passed on传递。根据上文“the important values are being caught”以及下文“if I just keep “doing the right thing””可推知，设空处与上文构成递进关系，此处指在作者的坚持下，这些重要的价值观正在被理解并传递下去。故选D项。
30．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：身为一名老师，我知道在教学工作中，你无法看到一天的工作成果。A. teaching教学； B. science科学；C. economy经济；D. communication表达。根据上文“As a teacher”以及下文“a day’s work”可推知，此处指作者身为老师的工作——教学。故选A项。



Passage 1【2022届辽宁省凌源市高三下学期开学】
When my daughter was very young, she broke my favorite cup. She was moving it aside, and it slipped from her hand and broke on the floor. I loved that cup and was really____1____, but of course I didn’t____2____her. It was an accident. She didn't mean to drop it. Intentions matter. Or do they?
I can’t help but feel that our modern world doesn’t care for intentions. We are all so ready to find____3____with another person and so concerned with our own____4____that we don't consider the intentions of others.
There are endless opportunities to be____5____these days in the celebrity news cycle, in politics and in our own interpersonal interactions. Every single day, someone is____6____on social media for something they have said or done.
A friend of mine says, “It’s not how the message is intended; it’s how it’s received.” He means that we need to be careful when considering our words because they can____7____be misinterpreted by the person we are____8____.
We all at times express ourselves____9____, make errors of_____10_____or have a moment of carelessness when we say the wrong thing. All of us have_____11_____someone at some point in our lives. The Internet is full of people seeking to make things worse. But there are also many decent people who occasionally get things_____12_____or simply do not know better.
I get that there is much to be angry about. The world is full of_____13_____. The actions and words of other people can cause harm; _____14_____, the actions and words of other people matter.
But intention has to matter, too, for us to make sense of the world, and for us to effect change. Understanding intentions can help us to feel better about our fellow humans. When we appreciate intent(意图), it can help to lessen the_____15_____of their message.
1．A．ashamed B．frightened C．puzzled D．disappointed
2．A．punish B．consult C．comfort D．forgive
3．A．fault B．quality C．trust D．failure
4．A．character B．hobby C．habit D．response
5．A．doubtful B．touched C．upset D．thrilled
6．A．taken over B．taken on C．torn down D．torn apart
7．A．primarily B．easily C．gradually D．suddenly
8．A．addressing B．persuading C．appointing D．analyzing
9．A．fully B．honestly C．poorly D．reasonably
10．A．skill B．relationship C．statistics D．judgement
11．A．offended B．instructed C．excused D．reminded
12．A．complex B．valuable C．wrong D．special
13．A．challenge B．beauty C．ambition D．injustice
14．A．instead B．therefore C．however D．otherwise
15．A．impact B．significance C．meaning D．function
【答案】1．D2．A3．A4．D5．C6．D7．B8．A9．C10．D11．A12．C13．D14．B15．A
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述了作者的女儿不小心打碎作者心爱的杯子，但是作者并没有因此惩罚她。作者也从中领悟到做某件事的意图很重要，对于任何事情你只要怀着欣赏、赞美的心态，事情就没有那么糟糕。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很喜欢那个杯子，也很失望，但当然我没有惩罚她。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. frightened害怕的；C. puzzled困惑的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“I loved that cup ”可知，作者心爱的杯子被打破了，因此是很失望。故选D。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很喜欢那个杯子，也很失望，但当然我没有惩罚她。A. punish惩罚；B. consult咨询；C. comfort安慰；D. forgive原谅。根据上文“but of course I didn’t”可知女儿把自己喜欢的杯子打破了，但是作者没有惩罚她。故选A。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们总是动不动就挑别人的毛病，只顾自己的反应，而不去考虑别人的意图。A. fault错误；B. quality质量；C. trust信任；D. failure失败。后文提到的有人在社交媒体上因为自己说过的话或做过的事而被撕成碎片和“The Internet is full of people seeking to make things worse. ”可推知，如今的人喜欢挑别人的错处，故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们总是动不动就挑别人的毛病，只顾自己的反应，而不去考虑别人的意图。A. character性格；B. hobby爱好；C. habit习惯；D. response回应，反应。根据前后文“so concerned with our own … that we don’t consider the intentions of others”可知，so…that…表示“如此……以至于……”，说明人们太过在乎自己的反应，而不去考虑别人的意图。故选D。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如今，在名人新闻、政治以及我们自己的人际交往中，有无数的机会让人感到沮丧。A. doubtful怀疑的；B. touched感动的；C. upset沮丧的；D. thrilled激动的。结合上文“we don’t consider the intentions of others”推知，在人际交往中，遇到这种情况总是会让人感到沮丧。故选C。
6．考查动词短语辨析。句意：每一天，都有人在社交媒体上因为自己说过的话或做过的事而被撕成碎片。A. taken over接管；B. taken on呈现；C. turned down关小；D. torn apart撕碎。结合上文内容可知，现在的人动不动就喜欢挑别人的毛病，不考虑别人的感受，所以有人在社交媒体上因为自己说过的话或做过的事而被人们攻击，即撕成碎片。故选D。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的意思是，我们在考虑自己的话时要小心，因为这些话很容易被对方误解。A. primarily首先；B. easily容易地；C. gradually逐渐地；D. suddenly突然。结合上文“we need to be careful when considering our words ”可知，说话要小心，是因为这些话容易被对方误解。故选B。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的意思是，我们在考虑自己的话时要小心，因为这些话很容易被对方误解。A. addressing致词，说话；B. persuading说服；C. appointing任命；D. analyzing分析。根据上文“when considering our words”可知指在说话时，要仔细考虑自己的话是对谁说，不然很容易被误解，故选A。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都有表达能力差、判断错误或说错话粗心大意的时候。A. fully充分地；B. honestly真诚地；C. poorly差地；D. reasonably合理地。根据后文“make errors of”以及“when we say the wrong thing”可知，本句是在列举我们表达能力差、判断错误或说错话的情况。故选C。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都有表达能力差、判断错误或说错话粗心大意的时候。A. skill技能；B. relationship关系；C. statistics统计（学）；D. judgement判断。根据上文“make errors of”可知此处指人际交往中判断出错的情况，judgement符合语境。故选D。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们每个人都在生活中得罪过别人。A. offended冒犯；B. instructed指示；C. excused赦免；D. reminded提醒。上文提到了表达差、判断错误和说话粗心，本句进行总结：每个人都在生活中有冒犯或是得罪过别人的时候。故选A。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但也有很多好人偶尔会把事情搞砸，或者就是不知道该怎么做。A. complex复杂的；B. valuable宝贵的；C. wrong错误的；D. special特别的。结合后文“or simply do not know better”可知，此处指的是偶尔把事情搞砸，或是不知道怎么做的人，get things wrong“出错”。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个世界充满了不公正。A. challenge挑战；B. beauty美丽；C. ambition野心；D. injustice不公平。结合上文内容可知，有些好人只是偶尔把事情搞砸或是不知道怎么做，但是也会遭到别人的攻击，可见这并不公平。故选D。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：别人的言行会造成伤害；因此，其他人的行动和言语很重要。A. instead相反；B. therefore因此；C. however然而；D. otherwise否则。上文提到别人的言行会造成伤害，后文提到其他人的行动和言语很重要，前后为因果关系，应用therefore。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们欣赏他们的意图时，它可以帮助减轻他们的信息的影响。A. impact影响；B. significance重要性；C. meaning意义；D. function功能。呼应上文“But intention has to matter, too, for us to make sense of the world and for us to effect change”指欣赏他人的意图有助于减轻他们信息的影响。故选A。




Passage 2

Three applicants were interviewing for the job of human resource manager at a big company. Each one was 21 separately by a committee of three people. Each applicant 22 the questions and tried their best to 23 the interviewers.
However, one 24 proved to be set them apart, which was, “What is the 25 of being yourself?”
The first one said:“Be spontaneous (自发的) and don’t 26 as people expect you to.”The second one said:“Show your 27 to reflect your strong personality.”
The third person presented the following insight: “Be honest and don’t 28 in order to impress people.”
The committee wasn’t 29 with their answers and decided to invite five other 30 to interview for the job.
31 , the committee asked a simple question that 32 the candidates’ way of thinking. The phrase “be yourself” seems to carry a(n) 33 meaning, but how one 34 it can reveal a lot about him or her.
This expression encourages people to ignore outside influences and think 35 . Only by doing so can we define our ambitions, address our weaknesses and achieve our goals in our own way.
21．A．recommended B．interviewed C．informed D．received
22．A．answered B．raised C．chose D．predicted
23．A．impress B．greet C．attract D．please
24．A．incident B．action C．choice D．question
25．A．benefit B．purpose C．meaning D．result
26．A．work B．complain C．refuse D．behave
27．A．kindness B．confidence C．responsibility D．honesty
28．A．change B．lie C．praise D．challenge
29．A．annoyed B．delighted C．relieved D．content
30．A．interviewers B．employees C．applicants D．officials
31．A．In turn B．In return C．In truth D．In total
32．A．improves B．reflects C．determines D．includes
33．A．important B．familiar C．shallow D．different
34．A．believes B．practices C．accepts D．explains
35．A．carefully B．independently C．positively D．deeply
【答案】21．B22．A23．A24．D25．C26．D27．B28．B29．D30．C31．C32．B33．C34．D35．B
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要通过讲述三个应聘者的故事，来阐明“做自己”的真正意义。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：三位面试者单独由三位成员组成的委员会来进行面试。A. recommended推荐；B. interviewed面试；C. informed通知；D. received收到。根据上文“Three applicants were interviewing for the job of human resource manager at a big company.（三名申请人正在一家大公司面试人力资源经理的工作）”可知，三个人是在接受面试，故选择B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个申请人都会回答一些问题，并尽力给面试官留下深刻印象。A. answered回答；B. raised举起；C. chose选择；D. predicted预测。根据上文中的“interviewing”及下文中的“questions”可知，是在面试过程中回答问题，故选择A项。
23．考查词义辨析。句意：同上。A. impress给…深刻印象；B. greet问候；C. attract吸引；D. please使…高兴。根据上文“Three applicants were interviewing for the job of human resource manager at a big company.（三名申请人正在一家大公司面试人力资源经理的工作）”可知，说的是申请者尽可能给面试官留下深刻印象，impress“给…深刻印象”符合句意，故选择A项。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个问题把他们区分开来，问题是“做自己的意义是什么？”A. incident事件；B. action行动；C. choice选择；D. question问题。根据上文“ Each applicant answered the questions（每个申请人都要回答一些问题）”可知，这里说的是其中的一个问题，故选择D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. benefit利益；B. purpose目的；C. meaning意义；D. result结果。根据下文申请人的回答“The first one said:“Be spontaneous (自发的) and don’t behave as people expect you to.”（第一个申请人回答说，要自发的，而不是像人们期望的那样去表现）”可知，上文问的是做自己的意义，故选择C项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一个申请人回答说，要自发的，而不是像人们期望的那样去表现。A. work工作；B. complain抱怨；C. refuse拒绝；D. behave表现。根据上文的问题“What is the meaning of being yourself?（做自己的意义是什么）”可知，这里回答的是做自己就是要自发的，不是像别人期望的那样去表现，故选择D项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二个人回答：“展示你的自信，来反应你强烈的个性。”A. kindness仁慈，善行；B. confidence自信；C. responsibility责任；D. honesty诚实。根据上文“being yourself（做自己）”及下文“reflect your strong personality（反应你强烈的个性）”可知，这里说的是展示自信，故选择B项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三个人陈述了他的领悟：“要诚实，不要为了给别人留下深刻印象而撒谎。”A. change改变；B. lie撒谎；C. praise赞美；D. challenge挑战。根据上文“Be honest（要诚实）”可知，下文说的是不要撒谎，故选择B项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：委员会对于他们的答案并不满意，并决定邀请其他的申请者来面试这份工作。A. annoyed生气的；B. delighted高兴的；C. relieved宽慰的；D. content满意的。根据下文“decided to invite five other applicants to interview for the job.（决定邀请其他的申请者来面试这份工作）”可知，委员会对于这三位申请人的回答是不满意的，故选择D项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. interviewers面试者；B. employees雇员；C. applicants申请人；D. officials官员。根据上文“The committee wasn’t content with their answers（委员会对于他们的回答并不满意）”可知，要邀请其他的申请人来面试，故选择C项。
31．考查短语词义辨析。句意：事实上，委员会提出了一个反应候选人思维方式的简单问题。A. In turn依次；B. In return作为回报； C. In truth事实上；D. In total总计。根据上文的问题“What is the meaning of being yourself?（做自己的意义是什么）”可知，这实际上是一个反应人的思维方式的问题，In truth“事实上”符合句意，故选择C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. improves改善；B. reflects反应；C. determines决心；D. includes包括。根据下文“The phrase “be yourself” seems to carry a shallow meaning, but how one explains it can reveal a lot about him or her.（短语“做自己”似乎意义浅显，但一个人如何解释它却可以揭示出许多关于他或者是她的事情）”可知，这个问题可以反应候选人的思维方式，故选择B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意短语“做自己”似乎意义浅显，但一个人如何解释它却可以揭示处许多关于他或者是她的事情：A. important重要的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. shallow浅显的；D. different不同的。根据下文“but how one explains it can reveal a lot about him or her.（但一个人如何解释它却可以揭示处许多关于他或者是她的事情）”结合句中“but”转折可知，上文应该说的是意义浅显，但可以反应出很多事情，故选择C项。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. believes相信；B. practices练习；C. accepts接受；D. explains解释。根据上文的问题“What is the meaning of being yourself?（做自己的意义是什么）”及三个申请人的回答可知，这里说的是一个人对于“做自己”的理解，explains“解释”符合句意，故选择D项。
35．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这个表达主要是鼓励人们忽视外部的影响，独立思考。A. carefully小心地；B. independently独立地；C. positively积极地；D. deeply深深地。根据上文“ ignore outside influences（忽视外部影响）”可知，这里说的是要独立思考，故选择B项。




Passage 1
I was in the grocery store picking up a few odds and ends. As I 21 the cashier I noticed a very old man. His back was bent. His hair was white. His face was 22 wrinkles. In the eyes of the 23 , he looked tired, old and ugly.
As soon as he 24 finished counting out the money, he 25 and joked with the cashier and they both laughed. His 26 sounded like sweet music. His eyes sparkled with delight. He turned back to me and 27 his smile. I could see his soul shining through. It was the 28 and most beautiful soul I had seen in a long time. In that 29 I saw that while his body might be showing its years, his 30 was young.
Some people can look young and healthy on the 31 but be old and beaten down on the inside. Other people can look old and worn-out on the outside but 32 be young and vital within. Most of us fall somewhere in-between.
I truly believe, however, that the key is love. Time will eventually 33 all our bodies, but whether we grow old on the inside is a choice. We can 34 to live in fear, anger, and hatred. Or we can choose to live in 35 , joy, and compassion and keep our souls forever young.
21．A．served B．paid C．left D．approached
22．A．exposed to B．trapped in C．covered with D．made of
23．A．world B．cashier C．customer D．elder
24．A．politely B．slowly C．easily D．curiously
25．A．smiled B．stopped C．hesitated D．appeared
26．A．song B．laughter C．voice D．story
27．A．hid B．lost C．shared D．forced
28．A．funnest B．cleverest C．biggest D．youngest
29．A．case B．moment C．area D．way
30．A．child B．look C．sound D．soul
31．A．contrary B．bottom C．outside D．face
32．A．still B．sometimes C．even D．anyway
33．A．age B．limit C．ignore D．punish
34．A．continue B．choose C．refuse D．attempt
35．A．gratitude B．hope C．love D．excitement
【答案】21．D22．C23．A24．B25．A26．B27．C28．D29．B30．D31．C32．A33．A34．B35．C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者看到一位有着年轻灵魂的老人。通过这位老人，作者相信是爱让人年轻。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走近收银员时，我注意到一位非常老的老人。A. served为…服务，接待；B. paid支付，付费；C. left离开，留下；D. approached走近。根据下文“As soon as he finished counting out the money”可知我走向收银员。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的脸上布满了皱纹。A. exposed to接触，暴露于；B. trapped in陷入，使困于；C. covered with覆盖；D. made of由…组成。根据下文“he looked tired, old and ugly”可知他的脸上布满了皱纹。be covered with…“被…盖满；充满着…”为习惯搭配。故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在世人眼中，他显得疲惫、苍老、丑陋。A. world世界，全人类；B. cashier出纳员，收银员；C. customer顾客；D. elder长者，长辈。根据上文“His back was bent. His hair was white. His face was wrinkles. ”可知这个模样的人，大多数人都会觉得他又老又丑。此处表示泛指，不强调某个人的看法。world在此意为“世人”。故选A。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当他慢慢地数完钱后，他微笑着和收银员开玩笑，两人都笑了。A. politely有礼貌地；B. slowly慢慢地；C. easily容易地；D. curiously好奇地。根据上文“I noticed a very old man”和“ he looked tired, old and ugly”可知这样一位老人在掏钱结账时动作应该很慢。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他慢慢地数完钱后，他微笑着和收银员开玩笑，两人都笑了。A. smiled微笑；B. stopped停止；C. hesitated犹豫；D. appeared似乎，出现。根据“joked with the cashier and they both laughed”可知这位老人微笑着开了个玩笑。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的笑声听起来像甜美的音乐。A. song歌曲；B. laughter笑，笑声；C. voice声音，嗓音；D. story故事，小说。根据上文“and they both laughed”可知这大笑声听起来像甜美的音乐。故选B。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他转过身来和我分享他的微笑。A. hid躲藏；B. lost失去；C. shared分享；D. forced强迫。根据“He turned back to me”可知此时指老人回过头来冲作者微笑，分享他的快乐。故选C。
28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是我好长时间以来见过的最年轻、最美丽的灵魂。A. funnest最滑稽的；B. cleverest最聪明的；C. biggest最大的；D. youngest最年轻的。根据“most beautiful soul”和下文“his 　was young”可知老人的精神状态是作者好长时间以来见到的最年轻的精神状态。故选D。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我看到，虽然他的身体可能显示出它的年龄，他的灵魂是年轻的。A. case具体情况，案例；B. moment时刻，瞬间，片刻；C. area区域，地区；D. way方法，道路。根据上文“I could see his soul shining through”可知本句强调此时此刻的情况。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我看到，虽然他的身体可能显示出它的年龄，他的灵魂是年轻的。A. child儿童，孩子；B. look样子，面容；C. sound噪音，声音；D. soul灵魂，精神。根据上文“It was the　 and most beautiful soul”可知他的灵魂是年轻的。故选D。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人外表看起来年轻健康，但内心却很老很憔悴。A. contrary相反的事实；B. bottom底部；C. outside外部；D. face脸，面部。根据“ but be old and beaten down on the inside”可知此处强调有些人外表看上去年轻和健康，但内心却是衰老和憔悴的。故选C。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有些人可能外表看起来老而疲惫，但内心仍然年轻而充满活力。A. still仍然；B. sometimes有时；C. even甚至；D. anyway无论如何。根据“but be young and vital within”可知有些人外表虽老，但内心仍然年轻。故选A。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：时间最终会让我们的身体变老，但我们的内心是否变老是一种选择。A. age成熟，变老；B. limit限制；C. ignore忽略，不理睬；D. punish惩罚。根据“but whether we grow old on the inside is a choice”可知此处指时间使我们的身体变老。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以选择生活在恐惧、愤怒和仇恨中。A. continue继续；B. choose选择；C. refuse拒绝；D. attempt企图，试图。根据下文“Or we can choose to live in…”可知此处进一步解释我们选择什么样的生活。故选B。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：或者，我们可以选择生活在爱、欢乐和同情中，让我们的灵魂永远年轻。A. gratitude感激；B. hope希望；C. love爱；D. excitement令人激动的事，兴奋。根据“joy, and compassion”可知此处与上句对此，同时复指本段第一句中提到的love。强调作者的观点“I truly believe, however, that the key is love”。故选C。


Passage 2
In life, do you choose to take the road everyone has taken, or do you choose the path that is best for you? It might be 21 to choose what everyone has done, especially if it seemed to work for them. But is that what truly 22 for you?
On a recent hiking 23 , my partner and I decided to take a popular trail in the 24 direction. This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A．Going backwards made more sense with my 25 . The trip would take several days and going backwards 26 that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home.
As my partner and I walked, everyone crossing our path had something to say, “You're going the wrong way. Are you lost? Are you returning 27 you forgot something? Are you crazy? The path occasionally crossed a 28 . When it did, even passing cars beeped to 29 us in the “right” direction.
Why did people only see one way? Because that's what everyone does? Because that's how it's always been done? We even 30 to talk to a Danish woman who said, “We have a(n) 31 in my country: when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something.” I couldn't believe it. We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best 32 us. Had we gone the “wrong” way? No. At least, not for us.
I decided to 33 the path I chose. 34 , we had an amazing experience. Choosing the “wrong” path was right for me. When your inner 35 tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it. It's your instinct. It's speaking to you for a reason and it knows, better than anyone, what's best for you.
21．A．anxious B．normal C．awkward D．impressive
22．A．designs B．plans C．works D．prepares
23．A．race B．test C．project D．trip
24．A．opposite B．wrong C．common D．accessible
25．A．emotion B．target C．schedule D．request
26．A．supposed B．ensured C．provided D．permitted
27．A．if B．because C．while D．yet
28．A．plain B．valley C．trail D．highway
29．A．point B．inspire C．protect D．support
30．A．expected B．stopped C．agreed D．hesitated
31．A．saying B．point C．myth D．spell
32．A．instructed B．confused C．offered D．suited
33．A．show off B．think over C．pick out D．stick to
34．A．Probably B．Hopefully C．Eventually D．Knowingly
35．A．desire B．feeling C．voice D．reaction
【答案】21．B22．C23．D24．A25．C26．B27．B28．D29．A30．B31．A32．D33．D34．C35．C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者和伙伴在最近的一次徒步旅行中，选择了相反的方向。每个人都说他们走错了，但是最终，他们有了一次奇妙的经历。作者认为当你内心的声音告诉你什么是对的或错的，听从它。这是你的本能。它和你说话是有原因的，它比任何人都清楚，什么对你最好。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：选择每个人都做过的事情可能是正常的，特别是如果它看起来对他们有用的话。A. anxious焦虑的；B. normal正常的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据后文“to choose what everyone has done”可知，选择每个人都做过的事情可能是正常的。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这真的适合你吗？A. designs设计；B. plans计划；C. works工作，起作用；D. prepares准备。根据上文“it seemed to work for them”可知此处指选择每个人都做过的事情是否对自己起作用。故选C。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次徒步旅行中，我和我的伙伴决定选择一条相反方向的流行路线。A. race比赛；B. test测试；C. project项目；D. trip旅行。呼应后文“The trip would take several days”指徒步旅行。故选D。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一次徒步旅行中，我和我的伙伴决定选择一条相反方向的流行路线。A. opposite相反的；B. wrong错误的；C. common普通的；D. accessible可到达的。根据后文“This was an old, well-traveled trail that people had been hiking and biking from A to Z for years. For our own reasons, we chose to travel from Z to A.”可知，作者他们选择了相反反向的路线。故选A。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：倒回去对我的日程安排更有意义。A. emotion情感；B. target目标；C. schedule计划；D. request要求。根据后文“I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒着走会在离机场更近的地方结束旅行，所以是对日程安排有意义。故选C。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这趟旅行要花上几天的时间，倒着走可以确保我在离机场更近的地方结束旅程，以便搭飞机回家。A. supposed认为；B. ensured确保；C. provided提供；D. permitted允许。根据后文“that I would end the trip closer to the airport for my flight home”可知倒着走可以确保作者在离机场更近的地方结束旅程，以便搭飞机回家。故选B。
27．考查连接词词义辨析。句意：你回来是因为忘了什么吗？A. if如果；B. because因为；C. while然而；D. yet但是。根据语境可知，此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故选B。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这条小路偶尔与公路相交。A. plain平原；B. valley山谷；C. trail足迹；D. highway公路。根据后文“even passing cars”可知，这条小路偶尔与公路相交。故选D。
29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当它出现时，就连过往的车辆也会鸣叫，给我们指出“正确”的方向。A. point指向；B. inspire鼓舞；C. protect保护；D. support支持。根据后文“us in the “right” direction”可知，汽车鸣笛是为了指出正确的方向。故选A。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈，她说：“我们国家有一个说法：当你回到其他所有人身边时，那是因为你在逃避什么。”A. expected期待；B. stopped停止；C. agreed同意；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“to talk to a Danish woman”可知，作者当时在徒步旅行中，所以是停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈。故选B。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至停下来和一位丹麦妇女交谈，她说：“我们国家有一个说法：当你回到其他所有人身边时，那是因为你在逃避什么。”A. saying格言；B. point要点；C. myth神话；D. spell咒语。根据后文“when you go backwards to everyone else, it's because you're avoiding something”可知，此处指丹麦妇女国家的一句格言。故选A。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只是享受与大自然的联系，以最适合我们的方式徒步旅行。A. instructed指示；B. confused使迷惑；C. offered提供；D. suited适合。根据上文“We were just enjoying connecting with nature, hiking the way that best”可知，作者认为徒步旅行是最适合他们的旅行方式。故选D。
33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我决定坚持我选择的道路。A. show off炫耀；B. think over仔细考虑；C. pick out指出；D. stick to坚持。根据后文“the path I chose”可知，作者选择坚持选择的道路。故选D。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我们有了一次奇妙的经历。A. Probably可能；B. Hopefully有希望地；C. Eventually终于；D. Knowingly故意地。根据后文“we had an amazing experience”可知，此处作者在总结这次徒步旅行，他们最终有了一次奇妙的经历。故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你内心的声音告诉你什么是对的或错的，听从它。A. desire渴望；B. feeling感觉；C. voice声音；D. reaction反应。根据后文“tells you something is right (or wrong), listen to it”可知，此处指人内心的声音，应用voice。故选C。

Passage 3
I was always complaining about wind or rain. Although it was nothing unusual for the arrival of wind or rain, it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere, so I 1 it strongly.
On a rainy day a meteorologist (气象学家) I met was very 2 at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me.
He asked, “Have you ever seen typhoon? Do you know what would happen to the world if there were no typhoon?” I shook my head. I had no experience of how overwhelming it was when it 3 everything away in its way.
“Well, let me tell you,” the meteorologist said. “Without it the 4 of fresh water will be more serious, for it is a great 5 of water supply on earth. Without it, there would be a greater imbalance in the distribution of 6 . The equatorial area that receives the most sunshine on earth 7 entirely on typhoon to disperse (驱散) heat. Without typhoon the tropics would be even 8 while the frigid zones much colder. As a result the temperate zones (温带) would 9 from the world...”
Ignorance made me 10 . I disliked wind only because it ruffled (吹乱) my hair. I hated rain merely because I had to carry an umbrella. But I had no idea at all that typhoon—something much more violent, something a thousand times more 11 than wind or rain—was a(n) 12 to the existence of mankind.
13 no road on earth goes all the way on level ground, there’s no person in the world who can do whatever he pleases. Wrong as it is for people to guard against typhoon, it is advisable for a man to stop to think for a moment before he complains. “ 14 typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?” The 15 will keep him calm and lead him closer to truth—he will be better aware of the world he lives in.
1．A．blamed B．refused C．fought D．punished
2．A．excited B．puzzled C．delighted D．encouraged
3．A．frightened B．washed C．swept D．swung
4．A．supply B．shortage C．waste D．amount
5．A．power B．resource C．source D．strength
6．A．time B．wealth C．energy D．warmth
7．A．moves B．relies C．keeps D．holds
8．A．better B．cooler C．hotter D．warmer
9．A．remove B．escape C．move D．disappear
10．A．shortsighted B．anxious C．frightened D．worried
11．A．frightening B．appealing C．disturbing D．exciting
12．A．success B．advantage C．lead D．must
13．A．As B．Since C．While D．When
14．A．What about B．How come C．Even if D．What if
15．A．answers B．theories C．complaints D．phenomena
【答案】1．A2．B3．C4．B5．C6．D7．B8．C9．D10．A11．C12．D13．A14．D15．A
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者总是抱怨风或雨，因为它们给自己造成了不便，直到作者听到气象学家解释台风的重要作用后，才意识到自己目光短浅，认识到台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然刮风下雨并没有什么不正常的，但它给我的外出带来了不便，有时甚至造成了一种糟糕的气氛，所以我强烈地责怪它。A. blamed责备；B. refused拒绝；C. fought打架；D. punished惩罚。根据上文“it caused inconvenience for me to go out, and sometimes it even created an awful atmosphere”可知糟糕的天气给作者带来了不便，因此作者责怪天气。故选A。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个下雨天，我遇到一位气象学家，他对我因为下雨给我带来一点不便而大发雷霆很是不解。A. excited激动的；B. puzzled困惑的，不解的；C. delighted高兴的；D. encouraged受到鼓舞的。根据后文“at my great anger caused by rain that made a little inconvenience for me”结合后文气象学家解释下雨的作用，可知气象学家对于作者责备天气感到困惑。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有经历过，当它把一切都卷走的时候，它是多么的势不可挡。A. frightened使害怕；B. washed清洗；C. swept清扫，席卷；D. swung摇摆。根据常识和后文“everything away in its way”可知，台风会把一切卷走，sweep away“一扫而空”。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，淡水的短缺将会更严重，因为它是地球上水供应的一大来源。A. supply供给；B. shortage缺乏；C. waste废物；D. amount数量。根据后文“fresh water will be more serious”可知没有台风，淡水的短缺会更严重。故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，淡水的短缺将会更严重，因为它是地球上水供应的一大来源。A. power力量；B. resource资源；C. source来源；D. strength力量。根据后文“of water supply on earth”指台风是地球水供应的来源，应用source。故选C。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有它，热量的分布就会出现更大的不平衡。A. time时间；B. wealth财富；C. energy能量；D. warmth温暖，热量。结合后文提到没有台风，热带地区会更热，而寒带会更冷，可知没有台风，热量的分布就会出现更大的不平衡。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：地球上日照最多的赤道地区完全依靠台风来散热。A. moves移动；B. relies依靠；C. keeps保持；D. holds持有。根据地理知识和后文“entirely on typhoon to disperse heat”指赤道地区依靠台风散热，rely符合语境。故选B。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果没有台风，热带地区会更热，而寒带会更冷。A. better更好的；B. cooler更凉爽的；C. hotter更热的；D. warmer更温暖的。根据后文“while the frigid zones much colder”可知热带更热，寒带更冷。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果就是，温带将从世界上消失……A. remove去除；B. escape逃走；C. move移动；D. disappear消失。根据上文提到寒带更冷，热带更热和后文“from the world”可知，此处是指温带从世界上消失，disappear符合语境。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无知使我目光短浅。A. shortsighted目光短浅的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. frightened害怕的；D. worried担心的。结合上文可知作者仅仅因为天气给自己造成了不便就责备天气，没有意识到下雨的重要作用，可见此处指无知使作者目光短浅。故选A。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我根本不知道台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。A. frightening令人恐惧的；B. appealing吸引人的；C. disturbing令人不安的；D. exciting激动的。根据第一段中“I was always complaining about wind or rain.”可知作者本来抱怨刮风下雨，而台风是比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我根本不知道台风——比风或雨更猛烈，比风或雨更令人不安一千倍的东西——是人类生存所必须的。A. success成功；B. advantage优势；C. lead领导；D. must必须的事物。根据后文“to the existence of mankind”以及上文介绍的台风的作用，可知台风是人类生存所必须的。选D。
13．考查连词词义辨析。句意：就像世界上没有一条路是平坦的一样，世界上也没有一个人可以随心所欲。A. As正如，像……一样；B. Since自从；C. While虽然；D. When当……时候。引导方式状语从句，表示“像……一样”应用as。故选A。
14．考查固定短语辨析。句意：如果台风全部消失了怎么办？A. What about怎么样；B. How come怎么会；C. Even if即使；D. What if假设……将会怎么样。根据后文“typhoon disappeared all together”可知是在假设台风如果全部消失会怎么样，what if符合语境。故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：答案会让他保持冷静，引导他更接近真理——他会更好地了解他所生活的世界。A. answers答案；B. theories理论；C. complaints投诉；D. phenomena现象。上文“typhoon disappeared all together? What would the world become then?”提出了两个问题，所以此处是指问题的答案。故选A。

Passage 4

A scientist (41) several monkeys in order to study animal psychology．He took a glass bottle， (42) its cork（瓶塞）and put two peanuts inside it．The peanuts dropped to the bottom and were easily seen from the outside．He then passed the bottle to a monkey，who shook it (43) for a long while and was able to get the peanuts when they (44) fell out．The scientist then put some peanuts into the bottle again (45) he had done before and showed the monkey that it only needed to turn the bottle upside down for the peanuts to drop out． (46) the monkey always ignored his (47) ．Each time it just shook the bottle frantically，with great (48) but without necessarily achieving (49) result．
Now the question is why the monkey was unable to understand (50) the scientist instructs． (51) because all its attentions was focused on the peanuts．Instead，it must take its eyes off the peanuts and quickly (52) its attention to the (53) movement of the scientist and the way the bottle was turned upside down．To achieve this，it had to calm down and not be (54) by the impulse（诱惑）of its appetite．Yet the monkey was not able to understand this．It is the instance like this that reveals the monkey's some psychology is just like (55) of human beings．
(41) A. kept B. rose C. fed D. caught
(42) A. moving B. removed C. discovered D. covered
(43) A. happily B. anxiously C. hurriedly D. instantly
(44) A. suddenly B. accidentally C. occasionally D. quickly
(45) A. as B. that C. what D. until
(46) A. But B. When C. Therefore D. Thus
(47) A. directions B. explanations
C. performances D. instructions
(48) A. effort B. strength C. power D. force
(49) A. expecting B. interesting C. satisfying D. desired
(50) A. what B. how C. why D. which
(51) A. Probably B. Likely C. Simply D. Nearly
(52) A. put B. send C. pay D. shift
(53) A. gesture B. mouth C. hand D. eye
(54) A. taken away B. taken off C. taken over D. taken on
(55) A. that B. the C. those D. this

ABBBA ADADA CDCCA
41．A． 考查动词辨析．A．kept 饲养；B．rose 玫瑰；C．fed喂养；D．caught 抓到；为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子．故选A
42．B． 考查动词辨析．A．moving移动；B．removed删除；C．discovered 发现；D．covered 覆盖；他拿了一个玻璃瓶，取出瓶塞，放了两颗花生进去．故选B．
43．B． 考查副词辨析．A．happily高兴地；B．anxiously焦急地；C．hurriedly匆匆；D．instantly 立即；然后他把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地摇晃了很久，当花生不小心掉下来的时候，它能得到花生．故选B．
44．B． 考查副词辨析．A．suddenly 突然；B．accidentally 偶然；C．occasionally 偶尔；D．quickly很快；然后他把瓶子递给一只猴子，猴子焦急地摇晃了很久，当花生不小心掉下来的时候，它能得到花生．故选B．
45．A． 考查连词辨析．科学家又像以前一样把一些花生放进瓶子里，向猴子展示只需要把瓶子翻过来花生就可以掉出来．故选A．
46．A． 考查连词辨析．A．But但是；B．When 当；C．Therefore 因此；D．Thus因此；但是猴子总是无视他的指示．故选A．
47．D． 考查名词辨析．A．directions指示；B．explanations解释；C．performances 表演；D．instructions说明；但是猴子总是无视他的指示．故选D．
48．A． 考查名词辨析．A．effort努力；B．strength 力量；C．power 权力；D．force 武力；每次它只是疯狂地摇瓶子，努力地摇，但不一定能达到预期的效果．故选A．
49．D． 考查形容词辨析．A．expecting期待的；B．interesting有趣的；C．satisfying 令人满意；D．desired 期望的；每次它只是疯狂地摇瓶子，努力地摇，但不一定能达到预期的效果．故选D．
50．A． 考查代词辨析．A．what 什么；B．how 如何；C．why 为什么；D．which 哪个；现在的问题是为什么猴子不能理解科学家的指示．故选A．
51．C． 考查副词辨析．A．Probably可能；B．Likely 可能；C．Simply 简单地；D．Nearly几乎；只是因为它所有的注意力都集中在花生上．故选C．
52．D． 考查动词辨析． A．put放置；B．send 发送；C．pay 支付；D．shift移位；相反，它必须把眼睛从花生上移开，并迅速将注意力转移到科学家的手的动作和瓶子倒转的方式上．故选D．
53．C． 考查名词辨析．A．gesture手势；B．mouth 嘴；C．hand 手；D．eye 眼睛；相反，它必须把眼睛从花生上移开，并迅速将注意力转移到科学家的手的动作和瓶子倒转的方式上．故选C．
54．C． 考查短语辨析．A．taken away带走；B．taken off 起飞；C．taken over 接管；D．taken on承担；要做到这一点，它必须冷静下来，而不是被它食欲的冲动所取代．故选C．
55．A． 考查代词辨析．A．that那；B．the 指已提到的人（物）；C．those 那些；D．this 这个；正是这样的例子，揭示了猴子的某些心理与人类的相似之处；故选A．
本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了为了研究动物心理学，一位科学家养了几只猴子做实验，发现猴子与人类的一些心理有相似之处．
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意，一篇完形填空的文章会有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一遍，才能大概了解文章内容，千万不要看一句，做一句．其次要逐句分析，前后一致，选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等．这篇完型要多注意：填空时多联系上下文，注意固定搭配，答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确．