第一题 阅读理解之议论文-2022年高三毕业班英语第X题满分练（全国通用）

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第一题 阅读理解之议论文

阅读理解中的议论文一般由论点，论据和论证组成，文章结构严谨。相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。阅读议论文最重要的是抓住文章的论点，找到文章的论点也就把握了文章的主旨。

体裁

话题
考点分布
命题趋势
夹叙夹议
2020年
全国II卷
文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。。
细节理解题 1
推理判断题 1
词义猜测题 1
主旨大意题 1
从命题形式上来看，以考查细节理解和推理判断为主，偶尔考查文章的主旨大意和作者的情感态度。考生在平时的阅读训练中要阅读一定数量的议论文，以了解和掌握议论文的结构和行文特征。
议论文
2021年
全国甲卷
文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
细节理解题 1
推理判断题 2
主旨大意题 1


例题 （2020年全国II卷）
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33. 词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
34. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可知，作者呼吁其他的作家们支持图书馆。故选C。
35. 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。故选D。

一、阅读理解01
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I have frequently taught Research Methods and Design to college students at several institutions. I love teaching this course. One reason, of course, is that I enjoy thinking about research methodology (方法学) and sharing it with others. The other reason, however, is the obvious impact that it has on students. Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?” That is what I want the students to achieve in this course.
This brings to mind something written by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1948. One of her books, The Lost Tools of Learning speaks to Sayers’ thoughts on education. “By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio,we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.”
We are well past the 1940s, but her observation is still relevant. Sayers’ point is well taken. In the world of 24-hour news and social media that often resembles (类似) the Wild West, the ability to carry out evaluations has never been more important. In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.
When my students begin the Research Methods and Design course, they are generally not content to read all those research article I give. However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities.
1．What is the author’s course goal for her students?
A．Thinking critically. B．Reading deeply.
C．Designing studies well. D．Questioning themselves.
2．What did Sayers imply about education?
A．It was boring. B．It was worrying.
C．It was conventional. D．It was useless.
3．What does the underlined word “distortions” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Popular news. B．Various evaluations.
C．Persuasive arguments. D．Misleading information.
4．Why does the author write the text?
A．To review a book. B．To introduce a writer.
C．To suggest a practical skill. D．To criticize social media.
【答案】1-4 ABDC
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们应该学会批判性思考。
1．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?’””和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully.”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明批判性思考正是作者想让学生在她的课上学到的。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。由第二段中的“By teaching our young men and women to read, we have left them at the mercy of the printed words. By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence.”可知，Sayers认为教育让年轻男女听任印刷文字的摆布，他们情感上是文字的受害者，在智力上未成为文字的主人，说明当时的教育状况是令人担忧的。故选B项。
3．词句猜测题。由第二段中的“By the invention of the film and the radio, we have made certain that no dislike for reading shall protect them from the constant battery of words, words, words. They do not know what the words mean: they are victims to words in their emotions instead of being the masters of them in their intelligence. (通过电影和收音机的发明，我们已经确定，对阅读的厌恶不会保护他们免受文字、文字、文字的不断冲击。他们不知道文字的含义：他们情感上是文字的受害者，而不是在智力上是文字的主人)”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. ”可知，在媒体信息下，不知道文字含义的人们容易成为文字的受害者，作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，才能提出一个有说服力的论点，说明媒体给人们提供了“误导性信息（Misleading information）”，因此人们需要批判性思考信息是对是错，distortions意为“Misleading information”。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。由第一段中的“Every term, one (if not more) student tells me how taking this course has affected him/her: “I used to just read articles and believe what they said, but now I find myself asking ‘Is this true? How do they know? Is this a well designed study?’”和第三段中的“In order to resist the distortions with which we are constantly bombed in the media, as well as be able to present a persuasive argument, we must be able to reason well, and think and give a judgement carefully. ”可知，第一段学生说的话表明，学生听完老师的课，学会对所读文章进行反思，质疑文章的真实性等，结合第三段作者建议人们仔细地思考再作出判断，说明作者想让学生在她的课上学到批判性思考，再结合最后一段中的“However, by the end of the course, they are excited about their newly obtained abilities. (然而，在课程结束时，他们对新获得的能力感到兴奋)”呼应第一段的内容可知，作者的写作目的在于建议读者掌握一项实用的技能——批判性思考。故选C项。
二、阅读理解02
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
“Mirror,mirror on the wall.Who's the prettiest of them all?”Everyone is. Including you.No matter what TikTok's beauty trends want you to believe.
The popular video-sharing platform needs no introduction. Anyone in the world can create anything and post it on the widespread platform. But what happens when more and more fault-finding contents - especially in regard to people's looks-are created?
“You're attractive if you have 8 to 10 teeth showing when you smile.”
“Apparently， this filter （滤镜） shows how good your eyebrows look.”
“Use this effect to adjust the size of your features.”
We are born with a tendency to follow the crowd to gain approval. As a result, we look at the huge number of views on these posts and think following these trends is the right thing to do. So we hurriedly download the filters or rush to the mirror to pretend to smile broadly and curiously count our teeth.
Media has been keeping western beauty standards for generations and has failed to consider that different cultures and countries have their own beauty standards. You might not believe it, but I find dark circles (the proof you worked hard until late at night) and scars (the proof that you've survived battles) beautiful. And I'm sure there are plenty of others who do, too.
TikTok beauty standards sort people into groups according to the sizes of their noses, foreheads, or lips. They judge a person by their looks. Actually, people are whole individuals with far more interesting qualities than their forehead size.
It's the way your eyes light up when talking about your favorite book or the way you take care of your sad friend that makes you beautiful. As we age and grow wrinkles, it's the things we did that we'll be remembered for, not what we looked like 20years ago. Trust me, no one's actually counting and committing to memory how many teeth are in your smile.
5．Why is the famous line from a story used at the beginning of the passage?
A．To remind readers of the magic mirror.
B．To make the beginning understandable.
C．To introduce the author's beauty attitude.
D．To display popular belief towards TikTok.
6．Why do we follow the beauty trends according to the passage?
A．To get acceptance. B．To satisfy curiosity.
C．To put on more posts. D．To create a better self.
7．What is beautiful according to the author?
A．Scars from a bar fighting. B．Dark circles from playing games.
C．Eyebrows shown through the filter. D．A lame leg from saving a child in a fire.
8．What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A．Worrying Future for TikTok Followers. B．Unique Beauty Standards on TikTok.
C．Harmful TikTok Beauty Trends. D．Dangerous TikTok Platform.
【答案】5-8 CADC
【解析】这是一篇议论文。“镜子，墙上的镜子。谁是最漂亮的?”每个人都是，包括你。不管TikTok的美容趋势想让你相信什么。作者通过一句耳熟能详的台词引出自己对于美的看法：自信，勇敢，善良，积极…，你就是美的。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone is. Including you. No matter what TikTok's beauty trends want you to believe.”可知，这就是作者自己对于“谁是最美的人”的答案，是作者自己对于美的态度，不要跟风某平台某博主，相信自己最美。所以说作者引用那句故事台词的目的就是引出自己对于美的看法。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第六段首句“We are born with a tendency to follow the crowd to gain approval.( 我们天生就有随波逐流以获得认可的倾向)”可知，作者认为，我们生来有从众心理是为了得到他人认可。A项get acceptance与gain approval意思一致。故选A项。
7．推理判断题，根据倒数第三段“Media has been keeping western beauty standards for generations and has failed to consider that different cultures and countries have their own beauty standards. You might not believe it, but I find dark circles (the proof you worked hard until late at night) and scars (the proof that you've survived battles) beautiful.”可知，作者认为，你奋斗拼搏，你善良勇敢，你爱国爱人民，不论你外表怎样，你就是最美的。据此可知，虽然你腿瘸了，可是你是英勇冒死从大火中救出孩子而受伤，在作者看来那你就是最美的。A项容易误选，酒吧打架造成的伤疤和文章中在前线英勇战斗留下的伤疤不是一回事儿。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。第一段作者阐述了自己对美的态度。第二段“The popular video-sharing platform needs no introduction. Anyone in the world can create anything and post it on the widespread platform. But what happens when more and more fault-finding contents - especially in regard to people's looks-are created?”质疑抖音网络平台上很多人分享的内容是对人的外貌吹毛求疵，追求外表的人造美，对社会导向是错误的；倒数第二段“TikTok beauty standards sort people into groups according to the sizes of their noses, foreheads, or lips. They judge a person by their looks. Actually, people are whole individuals with far more interesting qualities than their forehead size. ”也指出了这些网络视频中的审美是负面影响的，并指出了正确的审美观。自信，勇敢，善良，积极…，就是美的。综上，作者在担心抖音平台的审美趋势所带来的负面影响。C项内容符合文章主旨。故选C项。
三、阅读理解03
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Many people count on faster, cheaper and better technology to offer a vision of a brighter future. Nevertheless, as the 2020s dawn, optimism is in short supply. The new technologies that dominated the past decade seem to be making matters worse. Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy. E-commerce, ride-hailing and the gig economy (零工经济) may be convenient, but they are charged with underpaying workers, worsening inequality and blocking the streets with vehicles.
Today’s pessimistic mood is centered on smart phones and social media, which took off a decade ago. Yet concerns that particular technologies might be doing more harm than good have arisen before. The 1920s witnessed a criticism against cars, which had earlier been seen as an answer to the problems caused by horse-drawn vehicles which filled the streets with noise and animal waste and caused accidents. And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.
However, that pessimism can be overdone. Too often people focus on the drawbacks of a new technology while taking its benefits for granted. Worries about screen time should be weighed against the much more substantial benefits of convenient communication and the instant access to information and entertainment that smartphones make possible. A further danger is that Luddite (反对技术进步者) efforts to avoid the short-term costs associated with a new technology will end up denying access to its long-term benefits—something Carl Benedikt Frey, an Oxford academic, calls a “technology trap”. Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may discourage their use. Yet in the long run countries that wish to maintain their standard of living as their workforce ages and shrinks will need more robots, not fewer.
Any powerful technology can be used for good or ill. It is the choices people make about it that shape the world. Perhaps the real source of anxiety is not technology itself, but growing doubts about the ability of societies to hold this debate, and come up with good answers. So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment. To be alive in the tech-obsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.
9．According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by new technologies?
A．Endless hacking. B．Network viruses.
C．Convenient communication. D．Leaking privacy.
10．Which word can best describe Romantics’ concern over industrialization?
A．Negative. B．Uncertain. C．Sympathetic. D．Enthusiastic.
11．What might be a result of a “technology trap”?
A．A lack of good jobs in the job market.
B．An increase in the number of Luddites.
C．A decrease in the number of skilled workers.
D．An interruption to the advancement of a new technology.
12．What can we know from the passage?
A．Man is blessed to live in the 2020s with high tech advancing fast despite some drawbacks.
B．All the people object to the progress technology brings because it harms our civilization.
C．The 2020s is the Age of Technology and mankind is suffering a lot due to its influence.
D．Humans completely depend on our future caretakers—robots.
【答案】9-12 DADA
【解析】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是科技所带来的悲观情绪。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Social media were supposed to bring people together, but they are better known for leaking privacy.(社交媒体本应把人们聚在一起，但它们更出名的是泄露隐私)”可知，新技术引起的问题是泄露隐私。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段的“And industrialization was criticized in the 19th century by Romantics who worried about the replacement of skilled workers, the robbing of the countryside and the suffering of factory hands.(工业化在19世纪受到了浪漫主义者的批评，他们担心技术工人的更替，农村的掠夺和工厂工人的痛苦)”可知，浪漫主义者对工业化的担忧是消极否定的，故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Fears that robots will steal people’s jobs may discourage their use.(人们担心机器人会抢走人们的工作，因此不愿使用它们)”可推断出，人们不愿用新技术，可得出“技术陷阱”的结果可能是一项新技术进步的中断。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“So as the decade turns, put aside the pessimism for a moment. To be alive in the tech-obsessed 2020s is to be among the luckiest people who have ever lived.(因此，随着十年的交替，暂时把悲观情绪放在一边。活在痴迷科技的21世纪20年代，是有史以来最幸运的人之一)”可知，尽管科技会带来一些缺点，但人类有幸生活在高科技快速发展的21世纪20年代。故选A。
四、阅读理解04
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.
The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do end and that can actually be healthy. However, we haven't been taught to carry this expectation into our friend relationships.
“We’re not looking at our friends through a lens (透镜) of ‘Gosh,I hope this works out’, but we’ll do that with a romantic partner for sure,” says Jackson. “ With a partner, we wonder if they're going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.”
And because we don't view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and yours ended, what did you do wrong?”
But that isn't the case.
Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes aren't meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes real work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment,” she says.
13．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to regain a friendship that has ended.
B．The loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.
C．Why friendship breaks up over the course of our lives.
D．Many relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.
14．What does the underlined word “jarring” possibly mean?
A．Disturbing. B．Inspiring. C．Exciting. D．Disgusting.
15．According to Jackson, a romantic partner is different from friends in that___________.
A．friends are much harder to get than a romantic partner
B．your romantic partner will be apart from you but friends never
C．you are more afraid of losing a friend than losing a romantic partner
D．you are sure who will be your friend but not sure of a romantic partner
16．Which of the following proverbs can best interpret Kristen Newton's opinion in the text?
A．All good things came to an end.
B．A life without a friend is a life without a sun.
C．We don't know what we've got until we lose it.
D．Everything is good when new, but friend when old.
【答案】13-16 BADC
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法。
13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.”和第二段“But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives(但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去友谊在人生中是常有的事情。故选B。
14．词句猜测题。根据这句话“losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.(失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很jarring)”可知，jarring是形容词，表示失去某个你认为在你人生中会永远在的人的时候的心情，所以应该是令人意外，不安等情绪，和A选项意思一致。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段“With a partner, we wonder if they' re going to be the one. But with friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.(和一个情侣在一起，我们想知道他是否是我们想要的那一个。但是和朋友，我们从确定彼此喜欢的那一刻起，我们就假定他们是我们的另一半)”可知，在Jackson看来，我们确定谁是我们的朋友，但不确定谁是我们的浪漫情侣。故选D。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and disappointment.(然而，当他们不行的时候，我们认识到他们的分量，并且我们体会到那份伤害和失望)”可知，Kristen Newton认为，直到我们失去时，我们才知道我们曾得到过什么。故选C。
五、阅读理解05
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Do we still need cash? The days of holding notes in our hands may be numbered. The advancement of technology and the increase of new electronic and mobile device in today’s world is set to revolutionize how we make payments. With a swipe (刷) or a click of a mobile-phone app, our entire wealth is literally at our fingertips. As digital forms are increasingly replacing cash payments, some think that we should become fully cash-free. However, I do not believe we should move towards a completely cash-free society.
One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows. The instant content that accompanies cashless transactions (处理) could be compromised by online security issues. Technology experts argue that our current state of technology is unable to provide a secure cashless environment that could prevent people from accessing the system illegally and abusing the personal data. In addition, many online shopping sites lack strong systems that would protect their customers’ personal credentials (可信). Occasionally, when an account is “locked” due to a suspected cheating activity, having cash in hand becomes critical. In a cashless society, a victim of cheating would find himself locked out of his account and unable to access his money until the case is solved. Going cash-free causes great inconvenience in this case.
Another reason is that mankind might potentially become less thrift (节俭的). Paying in cash causes a psychological pain on consumers so that they are more cautious in their spending. As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat. Thus, an even more careless digital payment could make us much less thrift.
The idea of cashless society is a very real, or even an exciting one. However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.
17．How can cashless payments benefit people according to the author?
A．They can warn people of risks. B．They can remind people of mistakes.
C．They can reduce psychological pain. D．They can make life convenient.
18．What’s the second reason the author tells to support his idea?
A．The risk of cheat. B．The inconvenience.
C．The lack of safety. D．The desire to purchase.
19．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Going Against the Cashless Wave B．Going Completely Cashless Is True
C．Stopping Moving towards Cashless D．We Do Not Need Cash Any Longer
20．The passage is mainly developed by ________.
A．giving examples B．analyzing causes
C．making introductions D．examining differences
【答案】17-20 CBAB
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了作者反对无现金社会的原因。
17．细节理解题。由第三段“As it is, cashless payments have already eased that pain somewhat.(事实上，无现金支付已经在一定程度上缓解了这种痛苦)”可知，无现金支付可以减少花钱时的心理痛苦。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。由第二段“One of the main concerns of a cashless world is the risk of cheat and ridiculously, the inconvenience that follows.(无现金世界的主要担忧之一是作弊的风险，以及随之而来的不便)”可知，作者论证的第二个理由是无现金支付的不便之处。故选B项。
19．主旨大意题。由尾段“However, to safeguard the interests of all users, it is better to soften our enthusiasm — perhaps to be a less-cash society rather than a completely cashless one is a more working option.”可知，作者认为我们应该降低对于无现金社会的热情，即作者反对无现金社会。故选A项。
20．推理判断题。由第二段开头“One of the main concerns(主要关注点之一)”和第三段开头“Another reason(另一个原因)”可知，作者是通过分析原因的方式来组织文章的。故选B项。
六、阅读理解06
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
The new radio programme from Self-help expert Glennon Doyle unexpectedly disturbed me. In a session of We Can Do Hard Things, she focuses on boundaries and their importance to our mental happiness. I heartily agree with her, because saying a polite but firm “no” is one of the basics for a happy life. I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them. When does a boundary become a cage that locks us away?
Isn’t it always the case that just as you think you’ve got an area of life nailed; somebody comes along to show you that that’s not the case? As I listened, I started to see boundaries that might cause more problems than they were solving.
There was the work boundary that said that unless a project fell exactly into my topics, I wouldn’t take it- -which meant that I turned down work that was otherwise interesting and rewarding.
There was the boundary that said I wasn’t to buy anything until I’d reached my savings goal－which resulted in me having to restart my laptop 20 times a day.
And then there was a boundary around relationships that set out exactly how I should be treated and what I wanted in them. Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted.
Had I been doing boundaries wrong all the time? Did I need to figure them all out again? I’ve spent the past few weeks looking at the boundaries I’ve secretly put in place, and I’ve let myself lower some that have been my protection over the years. Then I’ve come to the conclusion that, when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine. In fact, being back at the beginning is a blessing because it means there are still lessons to be learned and adventures to be had and that is something for which I can only be grateful.
21．What has really interested the author in Glennon Doyle’s programme?
A．The importance of confirming our boundaries.
B．The benefits of boundaries to our happiness.
C．The urgency of maintaining our boundaries.
D．The necessity of reassessing our boundaries.
22．What can be concluded as to the author’s views on boundaries?
A．We should favour savings goals over boundaries.
B．Boundaries tend to keep us from potential friends.
C．Boundaries are very likely to relieve boredom at work.
D．We should stick to boundaries despite inconvenience.
23．How did the author feel about boundaries after the adjustments?
A．Relaxed. B．Depressed. C．Pressured. D．Amused.
24．What is probably the best tittle for the passage?
A．Just when you think you’ve got things sorted ..
B．Just where you believe there’s no way out ..
C．How can we live a life without boundaries?
D．How do we become victims of boundaries?
【答案】21-24 DBAA
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要围绕人不能只做自己喜欢的习惯的事情，我们要突破局限，找到新的自我。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them.”可知，作者对Glennon Doyle的节目感兴趣的地方是要重新评估我们的界限。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第五段“Helpful to some extent, it blocked me from allowing someone to express their love for me, even if it wasn’t quite what I had predicted.”（在某种程度上，它阻挡了我允许他人向我表达他们对我的喜欢，即使那不是我曾预料到的）可知，在作者看来，设置界限会阻止我们交到可能的朋友。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“when it comes to boundaries, I’m a beginner again, and that’s fine.”（当说到界限时，我又成为了一个新手，并且这很好）可知，在调整了之后，作者觉得很放松。故选A。
24．主旨大意题。根据第一段“I was, however, interested when she raised the idea that perhaps, as well as learning when to confirm our boundaries, we also need to stretch them.”可知，作者是想通过一个节目引出话题：我们不能局限在一定的界限之内，我们要突破局限，找到新的自我。A选项“就当你认为你已经把一切都分好类的时候…”后面的省略号就是要让读者反思，是否要按照界定好的去做，是否要突破。符合文章意思。故选A。
七、阅读理解07
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
There are some 7,000 languages spoken worldwide, each unique, using different sounds, vocabularies and structures. Charles the Great said: “To have a second language is to have a second soul.” This begs the question: Does the language we speak shape who we are? As it turns out, yes.
In societies such as the United States or Western Europe, self-expression and language precision are valued. Asian cultures, on the other hand, prefer an indirect form of communication. Words like “perhaps” and “maybe” are used more than “yes” or “no”. Americanism takes an informal approach to communication. Therefore it’s OK to refer to a stranger or the boss as “you”. However, the Thai language has 12 forms of the same pronoun, choosing one depends on status. In this way, languages are essential in navigating (导航) any culture, be that our own or otherwise.
People who speak different languages notice different things, depending on the constructs of their mother tongue. Take an accident. In English, it’s OK to say: “She broke the glass.” But in a language like Spanish, you’d probably go with: “The glass broke.” The same incident produces two different responses. English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident. This has real consequences, especially when it comes to crime and punishment.
Professor Jim Cummins has written extensively on mother tongues. For Cummins, the stronger our home language, the easier it is for us to learn others. Of course, research also shows that being bilingual (会说两种语言的) gives people many advantages in life. Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they use, and how that world is different from our own.”
Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them.
25．Why does the author mention “Americanism” and “the Thai language” in Paragraph 2?
A．To tell the cultural differences between them.
B．To indicate a language is a guide to a culture.
C．To stress American expressions are informal.
D．To reveal a language is associated with status.
26．What is English speakers’ response to an accident?
A．They will seek blame. B．They will punish others.
C．They will avoid responsibility. D．They will draw a lesson from it.
27．What does Julien Leyre think about bilinguals?
A．They enjoy a more colorful life.
B．They can remain mentally healthy.
C．They find it easier to learn a language.
D．They can gain insight into others’ minds.
28．What can be the best title for the text?
A．How do languages differ? B．Will your language be extinct?
C．Why does our mother tongue matter? D．Should we speak a second language?
【答案】25-28 BADC
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过引出“Does the language we speak shape who we are?（我们说的语言是否塑造了我们）”这个问题，然后分析原因，最后得出结论：我们的母语对我们如何思考、我们知道什么以及我们是谁至关重要的。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段“In this way, languages are essential in navigating (导航) any culture, be that our own or otherwise. (因此，语言在引导任何文化中都是必不可少的，无论是我们自己的文化还是其他文化。)”可知语言在引导任何文化中都至关重要，由此可推断出，作者提到“美国腔”和“泰语”是用来说明语言是文化的指南。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“English speakers will remember who’s at fault, because their language asks them to, while Spanish speakers are more likely to remember it was an accident.(说英语的人会记得是谁错了，因为他们的语言要求他们这样做，而说西班牙语的人更有可能记得这是一个意外。)” 可知，当意外发生之后，说英语的人会追究责任。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据第四段“Linguist Julien Leyre writes that learning another language develops our ability to “understand the mental world of another person, based on the language they inhabit, and how that world is different from our own.”可知，语言学家Julien Leyre认为会说两种语言的人能够理解对方的精神世界。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文围绕“Does the language we speak shape who we are?(我们所说的语言决定了我们是谁吗？) ”这个问题展开，结合最后一段“Our mother tongue is central to how we think, what we know and who we are. Like us, languages are living things that change over time and must be cared for to survive. By doing so, we protect not just the linguistic structures or vocabularies we use, but the culture, knowledge and power behind them.”点明主题，阐述了母语对我们来说至关重要，可知C项“Why does our mother tongue matter?(为什么我们的母语很重要？)”符合文章的主旨，适合作为本文的标题。故选C。