第四题 阅读表达-2022 年高三毕业班英语第X题满分练(天津专用)

这是一份第四题 阅读表达-2022 年高三毕业班英语第X题满分练(天津专用)，文件包含第四题阅读表达解析版--2022年高三毕业班英语第X题满分练天津专用docx、第四题阅读表达原卷版--2022年高三毕业班英语第X题满分练天津专用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共43页， 欢迎下载使用。
第四题 阅读表达

题型
体裁
年份
话题
分值
阅读表达
记叙文
2019
学生们用自己的方式为校清洁工庆祝生日
10
记叙文
2020
作者通过参加学校活动找到真正的自己
10
记叙文
2021
坚持做自己喜欢的事情并最后取得成功
10

例题：
（2020年天津卷）As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else’s shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of "cool". For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried, I was always the neglected （被忽略的） one. My legs just weren’t made to run like his. I could never play football or basketball well.
I probably would have continued trying to keep up with him for the rest of my high school career, but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself. This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of "cool".
I don’t know what made me decide to try some new activities at the new school, but one day I chanced to show up for an after-school meeting of the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn’t fit. Tyson’s definition of "cool", I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did.
As we organized teams, prepared resources and practiced answering questions, I felt more connected than I ever had to any sports team. I didn’t feel as though I needed to keep up with anybody else; I was finally with peers who understood me. It was so good to feel accepted for what I’m good at. For the first time in my life, I actually felt cool. Now I know who I am！ I’m Tyson’s little brother, but that’s only part of my identity. I’m a cool guy in my own way, too. I’m relieved to know that "cool" has a much broader definition than what I used to think.
56. How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? （no more than 8 words）
57. What changes offered a new start to the author after his family moved? （no more than 15 words）
58. According to Paragraph 3, what marked the turning point in the author’s growth? （no more than 7 words）
59. What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? （no more than 10 words）
60. What is your example of “cool”? Please explain why. （no more than 20 words）
56.【答案】 Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
【解析】根据第一段的As any younger brother will tell you, having a big brother involves a lot of walking in someone else's shadow, especially when you have a brother who is a typical example of “cool”. For years I wanted to do everything my elder brother Tyson did, but no matter how hard I tried,I was always the neglected one.可知，就像任何一个弟弟会告诉你的那样，有一个大哥哥意味着走在别人的影子里，尤其是当你有一个很“酷”的哥哥时。多年以来，我想做我的哥哥泰森做的一切，但是无论我怎么努力，我总是被忽略的一个。根据句意，尤其是I was always the neglected one 可推测，划线部分的意思是“得不到关注/被忽略”。故填：Receiving less attention than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling less successful than someone else.
Or: Being/Feeling neglected.
【考点】词义猜测
57.【答案】That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson's leaving for college and the author's going to/attending a new school.
【解析】根据第二段的 but when my family moved, everything changed. Tyson left for college, so I had to start at a new school all by myself.(但当我们搬家时，一切都改变了。泰森去上大学了，所以我不得不独自在一个新的学校开始)可知，搬家后，作者的哥哥去上大学以及作者独自开始新学校的生活给了作者他新的开始。故填：That his brother left for college and he changed schools.
Or: Tyson's leaving for college and the author's going to/attending a new school.
【考点】细节理解
58.【答案】Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
【解析】根据第三段的I had always been fascinated with chemistry, biology, and math, but since those interests hadn't fit Tyson's definition of“cool”, I had never pursued them. On this day, for some reason, I did. (我一直对化学、生物和数学着迷，但因为这些兴趣不符合泰森对“酷”的定义，所以我从来没有追求过。这一天，出于某种原因，我参加了)可知，参加Science Olympiad队是作者成长的转折点，因为他选择不再做哥哥的“影子”。故填：Joining the Science Olympiad team.
Or: That he joined the Science Olympiad team.
Or: Discovering his true interests (in science).
【考点】细节理解
59.【答案】(How) the author discovered a broader definition of“cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
【解析】根据本段的主要内容，尤其是Now I know who I am! I'm Tyson's little brother,but that's only part of my identity. I'm a cool guy in my own way, too.I'm relieved to know that “cool” has a much broader definition than what I used to think. (现在我知道我是谁了！我是泰森的弟弟，但那只是我身份的一部分。按照我自的方式，我也是个很酷的人。知道酷的定义比我以前认为的要宽泛得多，我感到很欣慰)可知，本段主要讲述了作者找到了自己的身份以及自己对酷的定义。故填：(How)the author discovered a broader definition of“cool”.
Or: He has discovered his own way to be cool.
Or: He found his own identity.
60.【答案】Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.
【解析】开放性题目。只要回答出自己认为什么很酷，以及原因即可。故可填：Playing football well is cool because I can show how strong I am.
Or: Playing the piano is cool because it can give me joy.
Or: Helping the poor is cool because it can give them hope and bring me pleasure.


（一）、 Do you want to improve the way you study？Do you feel nervous before a test？
Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. If so, use these tips to help you.
Study Techniques.
You should always study in the same place. You shouldn't sit in a position that you use for another purpose. For example, when you sit on a sofa to study, your brain will think it is time to relax. Don't watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way. Always try to have a white wall in front you, so there is nothing to distract you. Before sitting down to study, gather together all the equipment you need-apart from your textbooks, pens, pencils and knives, make sure you have a dictionary. If your study desk or table is needed when you are not studying, store all your equipment in a box beside it. Your eyes will become tired if you try to read a text which is on a flat surface. Position your book at an angle of 30 degrees. Be realistic and don't try to complete too much in one study period. Finish one thing before beginning another. If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.
Test-taking Skills.
All your hard work will be for nothing if you are too nervous to take your test. Getting plenty of rest is very important. This means "do not study all night before your test"! It is a better idea to have a long-term study plan. Try to make a timetable for your study which lasts for a few months. Exercise is a great way to reduce pressure. Doing some form of exercise every day will also improve your concentration. Eat healthy food too. When you arrive in the examination room, find your seat and sit down. Breathe slowly and deeply. Check the time on the clock during the test, but not too often. Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.
1．What is the author's purpose of the passage? ( No more than 15words）
2．Please explain the underlined word “distract” in English? （No more than 5 words）
3．What shouldn't you do when you take a break?（No more than 10words）
4．What is the most important tip when you take an exam?（No more than 15words）
5．Which tip do you think is useful to you? Why?（No more than 20words）
【答案】
1．The author wants to give students some tips to improve their concentration.
2．It means “to reduce concentration”.
3．You shouldn’t try to telephone a friend or have something to eat.
4．Take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.
5．Getting plenty of rest is a useful tip for me because it is the precondition of a good performance.
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了提高学生注意力的一些建议。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Many students say that a lack of concentration is their biggest problem. It seriously affects their ability to study, so do their test results. If so, use these tips to help you.（许多学生说注意力不集中是他们最大的问题。这严重影响了他们的学习能力，也影响了他们的考试成绩。如果是的话，使用这些技巧来帮助你。）”可知，作者的主要目的是为了给学生提供一些提高注意力的建议。故答案为The author wants to give students some tips to improve their concentration.
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词上两句“Don't watch TV while you are studying. Experts warn that your concentration may be reduced by 50 percent if you attempt to study in this way.（当你学习时不要看电视。专家警告说，如果你以这种方式学习，你的注意力可能会下降50%。）”可知，这是错误的做法，而“Always try to have a white wall in front you（总是试着在你面前有一堵白墙）则是正确的做法，这样就没有东西分散你的注意力，即让你的注意力下降。故填It means “to reduce concentration”.
3．细节理解题。根据第一个小标题下的最后一句“If you need a break, get up and walk around for a few minutes, but try not to telephone a friend or have something to eat.（如果你需要休息，站起来走动几分钟，但尽量不要给朋友打电话或吃点东西。）”可知，休息的时候尽量不给朋友打电话或吃东西。故答案为You shouldn’t try to telephone a friend or have something to eat.
4．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“Above all, take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.（最重要的是，不要注意其他人，把你全部的注意力放在试卷上。）”可知，参加考试最重要的就是把注意力全部放在考卷上。故答案为Take no notice of everyone else and give the test paper your undivided attention.
5．本题为开放型题目，言之有理即可。题干：你认为哪条建议对你有用?为什么?故答案为Getting plenty of rest is a useful tip for me because it is the precondition of a good performance.
（二）、 Nowadays in China, parents care about their children’s education more than anything else. They spend a lot coaching their children in their studies; those who have no time or are not able to do it have tutors hired for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools. Some others even have tried to improve their living environment. It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.
The situation can be explained by the following reasons. First of all, the swift development of China’s economy is calling for more and more skilled and knowledgeable workers and professionals. Second, the awareness of today’s parents’ has been growing that success in this world depends more on skills and knowledge than on anything else. Skills and knowledge means competitiveness. Last but not least, with school education becoming more and more expensive, it is natural for parents to expect their children could become somebody or doing something great.
Of course, I’m happy to see much of parents’ attention paid to their children’s education. However, they should not go too far to ignore their children’s abilities and personal qualities. I think the first thing to learn is how to survive and how to be a qualified citizen. If parents can try their best to help build their children’s characters, it will bring a happy life to their children when they grow up.
6．What’s the main idea of the passage? (No more than 15 words)
7．According to the paragraph 2, why are more and more skilled and knowledgeable workers needed? (No more than 15 words)
8．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “coaching”? (No more than 8 words)
9．In author’s opinion, what is also important for children besides skills and knowledge? (No more than 10 words)
10．Do your parents care about your education? How? (No more than 20 words)
【答案】
6．It tells us parents pay much attention to their children’s education in China.
7．Because China’s economy is developing swiftly. / Because of the swift development of China’s economy.
8．Training. / Helping. / Teaching./ Instructing.
9．Children’s abilities and personal qualities, characters.
10．Yes, they do. They care about my school results and spend a lot of money on my after-class tutoring.
【解析】本文为一篇议论文，作者描述了目前中国存在的父母非常重视孩子的教育这一现象，并说明了其背后的原因，表达了自己的观点。
6．考查主旨大意。根据第一段“Nowadays in China, parents care about their children’s education more than anything else.”（如今在中国，父母最关心孩子的教育。）及“It seems as if a better education is all that parents expect for their children.”（似乎更好的教育是父母对孩子的全部期望。）可知，本文描述了目前中国存在的父母非常重视孩子的教育这一现象。故答案为It tells us parents pay much attention to their children’s education in China.
7．考查细节理解。根据第二段“First of all, the swift development of China’s economy is calling for more and more skilled and knowledgeable workers and professionals.”（首先，中国经济的快速发展需要越来越多的有技能和知识的工人和专业人员。）可知，有技能和知识的工人需求量越来越大是因为中国经济的高速发展。故答案为Because China’s economy is developing swiftly. / Because of the swift development of China’s economy.
8．考查词义猜测。根据第一段“those who have no time or are not able to do it have tutors hired for their children. Many have their children sent to after-class schools.”（那些没有时间或没有能力做家务的人会为他们的孩子聘请家教。许多人把孩子送到课外学校。）可知，在中国，父母十分关注孩子的教育，他们花很多金钱辅导孩子学习。因此，coaching是“指导、教导、教授、帮助”的意思，与training/helping/teaching/instructing意思相近。故答案为Training. / Helping. / Teaching./ Instructing.
9．考查细节理解。根据第三段“However, they should not go too far to ignore their children’s abilities and personal qualities.”（然而，他们不应该过分忽视孩子的能力和个人素质。）及“If parents can try their best to help build their children’s characters, it will bring a happy life to their children when they grow up.”（如果父母能尽他们最大的努力帮助他们的孩子建立性格，当他们长大，这会给他们的孩子带来幸福的生活。）可知，在作者的观点中，除了技能和知识，孩子的能力，个人素质以及性格特征都是很重要的。故答案为Children’s abilities and personal qualities, characters.
10．开放性题目。问句句意：你的父母关心你的教育吗？是如何关心的？本题应先用Yes/No回答问题，再阐述如何关心。如，进行肯定回答，可以表示父母关心自己的学习成绩，花钱让自己进行课外辅导。故答案为Yes, they do. They care about my school results and spend a lot of money on my after-class tutoring.
（三）、 Before entering college, I had heard so many stories about how stressful freshman year could get and that this would potentially be the most difficult experience I would ever have to go through. And yes, for the most part, those stories did live up to the reality.
In the first several months, I was urged to improve my social skills and to befriend people. Personally, there was a clear struggle on wanting to adjust and not simply adapt. Adapting required a change in behavior for the sake of fitting in and I didn't want that. Luckily and eventually, I was able to find my own group. It just required extra work and patience.
Naturally, there were academic obstacles that arose. The biggest one was my major. I was enrolled as a communication studies major. I chose it because it seemed like a safe haven. But I later discovered that it didn't actually fit my likes. After two quarters, serious thinking and several mini breakdowns, I switched to philosophy.
Ever since I was younger, I have known I wanted to work in the field. It has always intrigued me. To be honest, I've never had to read such challenging texts in my life, but I enjoy it. It pushes me beyond my limits in a good way. It introduces me to concepts and theories that I've never heard of. More importantly, it doesn't only make me more logical. It also makes me more empathic (有移情作用的) and understanding of others.
I eventually overcame the obstacles. As I recall it now, I'm thankful that the good always outweighed the bad. The good came in the form of new friends, significant learning and deepened self-understanding. As I head off to sophomore year, I plan to bring this good with me.
11．How was the author's freshman year in college?（no more than 5 words）
12．What difficulties did the author encounter in his first year in college?（no more than 10 words）
13．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?（no more than 10 words）
14．What blessings did the author think happen to him during his freshman year?（no more than 15 words）
15．If you didn’t like your major in college, what would you do? Why?（no more than 25 words）
【答案】
11．It was stressful and difficult.
12．Making adjustments and academic obstacles.
13．I have always been very interested in philosophy. / Philosophy has always interested/ appealed to me.
14．New friends, significant learning and deepened self-understanding. /He made new friends, learned new knowledge and had a better understanding of himself.
15．I would switch to my favorite major. Because I will devote myself to what I really enjoy.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在大一时遇到了一些挑战，并成功克服的故事。
11．考查细节理解。根据第一段“I had heard so many stories about how stressful freshman year could get and that this would potentially be the most difficult experience I would ever have to go through. And yes, for the most part, those stories did live up to the reality.(我听说过很多关于大一时压力有多大的故事，这可能是我不得不经历的最困难的事。确实，故事的大部分都符合现实)”可知，作者的大一是有压力且困难的。故答案为It was stressful and difficult.
12．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Personally, there was a clear struggle on wanting to adjust and not simply adapt. (就我个人而言，在想要调整而不是简单地适应这个问题上，有一场明显的斗争)”和第三段“Naturally, there were academic obstacles that arose.(自然，出现了一些学业障碍)”可知，在大学的头几个月里，作出调整和学业的障碍困扰着作者。故答案为Making adjustments and academic obstacles.
13．考查句意猜测。根据划线句子上文“Ever since I was younger, I have known I wanted to work in the field.(尽管那时我还小，我就已经知道我想要在这个领域工作)”和下文“To be honest, I've never had to read such challenging texts in my life, but I enjoy it.(说实话，我从来没有读过如此有挑战性的文章，但是我很享受)”可猜测，划线句子表达的意思是作者对哲学很感兴趣。故填I have always been very interested in philosophy. / Philosophy has always interested/ appealed to me.
14．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“The good came in the form of new friends, significant learning and deepened self-understanding. (好的一面来自于新的朋友，重要的学习和加深的自我理解)”可知，作者认为在大学一年级庆幸他结交了新朋友，学习了新知识，对自己有了更好的了解。故答案为New friends, significant learning and deepened self-understanding. /He made new friends, learned new knowledge and had a better understanding of himself.
15．开放题。考生陈述自己在大学里遇到不喜欢的专业怎么办，并说明理由。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为I would switch to my favorite major. Because I will devote myself to what I really enjoy.
（四）、 Darius Brown is a 14-year-old boy in the eighth grade. He lives in Newark, New Jersey. When he was 2 years old, doctors told his mother, Joy Brown, that he had a fine motor skills disorder (精细运动技能障碍) which could make it hard for him to do things with hands, like tying shoes and using scissors. And the poor boy can never recover.
When Darius Brown was 8 years old, his elder sister, Dazhai, taught him how to make a bow tie (蝴蝶领结). At first, Joy worried that he might hurt himself. “He was resolute to learn how to make bow ties,” said Joy. “So he sat and watched Dazhai for months and took it all in. Then he practised and practised. ” Before long, she said, “he was making bow ties by himself.” One day, he made a bow tie out of Ninja Turtle fabric (忍者神龟布料). He wore the new bow tie to school the next day. His friends wanted such bow ties of their own. So Darius began to make more.
In 2017, he found a great use for this new skill. That was the year Hurricane Irma hit Florida and Puerto Rico. The powerful storm flooded homes and streets. It left hundreds of dogs and cats homeless. The dogs and cats needed families to adopt them. Darius said he realized he could help. He would give the animals special bow ties to make them look cute. Darius learned that some of the rescued animals were brought to an animal shelter in New York City. So he dropped off about 25 pet-sized bow ties. It worked even better than he’d expected. Darius realized that such a small thing could give a homeless animal a better chance of being adopted.
Darius has donated more than 600 bow ties to shelters since starting his project in 2017. Shelter workers say that Darius’ bow ties are of great help.
16．What will trouble Darius Brown for all his life? (no more than 5 words)
17．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 probably mean? (no more than 5 words)
18．How did Darius’ classmates think of his Ninja Turtle bow tie? (no more than 5 words)
19．According to Darius, what would be the result if a homeless animal wore a bow tie?(no more than 10 words)
20．What do you think of Darius Brown? Please explain. (no more than 25words)
【答案】
16．A fine motor skills disorder.
17．He was determined./He insisted on doing it.
18．It was amazing.
19．It would get a better chance of being adopted.
20．He is strong-willed and caring. Although disabled , he practised more to get what he wanted. He also did charity work to help the homeless animals.
【解析】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了达利斯·布朗(Darius Brown)虽然身患残疾，却意志力坚定，跟着姐姐Dazhai学做蝴蝶领结，并将这些蝴蝶结运用于慈善活动，帮助无家可归的小动物被领养的故事。
16．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When he was 2 years old, doctors told his mother, Joy Brown, that he had a fine motor skills disorder (精细运动技能障碍) which could make it hard for him to do things with hands, like tying shoes and using scissors.And the poor boy can never recover.(在他两岁的时候，医生告诉他的母亲Joy Brown，他有精细运动技能障碍，这可能会让他很难用手做事情，比如系鞋带和用剪刀。这可怜的孩子再也无法恢复了)”可知，精细运动技能障碍会困扰达利斯·布朗一辈子。故答案为A fine motor skills disorder.
17．考查句意猜测。根据文章第二段“So he sat and watched Dazhai for months and took it all in. Then he practised and practised.(于是，他坐着看了Dazhai好几个月，全部看完了。 然后他练习了又练习)”可知，Darius Brown下定决心学习如何制作蝴蝶结；He was resolute意思为：他下定决心，即，坚持要做。故答案为He was determined./He insisted on doing it.
18．考查推理判断。根据文章第二段“One day, he made a bow tie out of Ninja Turtle fabric (忍者神龟布料). He wore the new bow tie to school the next day. His friends wanted such bow ties of their own.(有一天，他用忍者神龟布料做了一个领结。 第二天，他戴着新的领结去学校。他的朋友们也想要这样的领结)”可知，Darius Brown的同学们认为他的忍者神龟布料领结很不错，令人惊叹。故答案为It was amazing.
19．考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段“So he dropped off about 25 pet-sized bow ties. It worked even better than he’d expected. Darius realized that such a small thing could give a homeless animal a better chance of being adopted.(所以他送了25个宠物大小的领结。效果比他预想的还要好。Darius意识到这样一个小东西可以给无家可归的动物一个更好的被领养的机会)”可知，在Darius看来，带上领结的无家可归的小动物会得到更好的被领养的机会。故答案为It would get a better chance of being adopted.
20．考查推理判断。根据文章第二段“So he sat and watched Dazhai for months and took it all in. Then he practised and practised.(于是，他坐着看了Dazhai好几个月，全部看完了。 然后他练习了又练习)”及全段内容可知，Darius下定决心学习如何制作蝴蝶结且最终完成，说明他是意志力坚强的；根据文章最后一段“Darius has donated more than 600 bow ties to shelters since starting his project in 2017.(Darius自2017年开始他的项目以来，已经向避难所捐赠了600多个领结)”可知，Darius Brown关爱小动物做慈善，可知，他是富有同情心并有爱心的。因此，Darius意志坚强，富有同情心并且有爱心。他虽然残疾，但为了得到他想要的，他进行了更多的练习。他还做慈善工作来帮助无家可归的动物。故答案为He is strong-willed and caring. Although disabled , he practised more to get what he wanted. He also did charity work to help the homeless animals.
（五）、 When I was a little girl, I spent memorable holidays with my grandmother, who lived in a small village. She was a farmer with a stooped (弯曲的) back that made it seem like she was always leaning forward to examine something. Early in the morning, she would tie a cloth around her waist and set out to the farm. I would skip breathlessly alongside, trying to keep up. On our way, she would greet everyone we passed.
There was the standard greeting, “Did you wake up on the right foot this morning?” Then, the more personalized greetings. To Patriarch Kosi who sat under the mango tree, she would ask, “Are the grandchildren in good health?” To the Bean Stew Seller who was preparing to serve breakfast, she would inquire, “Are your boys well?”
Sometimes, the greetings were spoken soothingly (安慰地). When we walked past the widow, Dada Mawusi, many months after her husband’s death, Grandmother would say directly, “How is your grieving?” She didn’t like to beat around the bush. The greeting made more sense to her to acknowledge the woman’s suffering, and in doing so, empathize (理解) with her.
The people that Grandmother greeted would respond similarly. “I see you have your granddaughter with you today. How is her father?” or “I see you have woken up before the cock’s crow today. May it be a fruitful day at the farm.” As a young girl, I thought these greetings were unnecessarily time-consuming. What I now realize is that the greetings increased a sense of belonging. My grandmother taught me that there is always time to greet someone before getting down to business. You can always take a few extra seconds to say a greeting to a person. We enrich our society when we acknowledge the unique presence of one another.
21．Where did the writer spend holidays when she was young? (no more than 6 words)
22．What made the writer feel breathless? (no more than 8 words)
23．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words)
24．What did the writer think about greetings when she was young? (no more than 10 words)
25．Why do you think greeting neighbors is important? Give your reasons, (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
21．In her grandmother’s small village.
22．Trying to keep up with her grandmother.
23．She liked to come to the main point directly.
24．She thought they were a waste of time.
25．Because greeting neighbors can not only show our friendliness but also help build a harmonious atmosphere in the neighborhood.
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小的时候，她和住在一个小村庄的奶奶度过了难忘的假期。这次经历让作者后来意识到看似浪费时间的问候，实际上会给人一种归属感。当我们承认彼此的独特存在时，我们的社会就丰富了。
21．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“When I was a little girl, I spent memorable holidays with my grandmother, who lived in a small village.(当我还是个小女孩的时候，我和住在一个小村庄的奶奶度过了难忘的假期)”可知，作者年轻时在她祖母的小村庄里度假。故答案为In her grandmother’s small village.
22．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“I would skip breathlessly alongside, trying to keep up.(我气喘吁吁地在旁边跳着，试图跟上)”可知，试图跟上她的祖母让作者感到气喘吁吁。故答案为Trying to keep up with her grandmother.
23．考查词句猜测。根据文章第三段“When we walked past the widow, Dada Mawusi, many months after her husband’s death, Grandmother would say directly, “How is your grieving?” She didn’t like to beat around the bush. (当我们走过那位名叫Dada mawisi的寡妇时，她的丈夫已经去世好几个月了，祖母会直接问：“你怎么了？”她不喜欢拐弯抹角)”可推知，祖母不喜欢拐弯抹角，她喜欢直接切入主题。故答案为She liked to come to the main point directly.
24．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“Sometimes, the greetings were spoken soothingly (安慰地).()”最后一段“As a young girl, I thought these greetings were unnecessarily time-consuming.(作为一个年轻的女孩，我认为这些问候是不必要的时间)”可知，作者在年轻时认为这位问候是浪费时间。故答案为She thought they were a waste of time.
25．开放性试题。只要言之有理有据即可。根据最后一段“You can always take a few extra seconds to say a greeting to a person. We enrich our society when we acknowledge the unique presence of one another.(你总是可以多花几秒钟的时间向一个人打招呼。当我们承认彼此的独特存在时，我们的社会就丰富了)”可推知，问候邻居是很重要的，因为问候邻居不仅可以显示我们的友好，也有助于在邻里间建立和谐的气氛。故答案为Because greeting neighbors can not only show our friendliness but also help build a harmonious atmosphere in the neighborhood.
（六）、 For years, I played around with writing. I wrote when I felt like it. Then one day, a friend asked what my dream was. When I said it was to be a writer, he said these words that changed my life, “You don’t have to want to be a writer. You are a writer; you just need to write.” So I started calling myself a writer. Everywhere I went, I introduced myself as “Jeff Goins, Writer,” and even put it in email signatures and on my Facebook page. And you know what? I started acting like it. Eventually, I even began to believe it. It turns out that sometimes you do have to fake it before you make it.
The lesson here is simple: If you wait for someone to give you permission to start pursuing your dream, you’ll be waiting for a long time. You have to begin before you think you’re ready.
After I decided to pursue my dream, I still had to find the time to do it. Working a full-time job and having a wife and other things to do, I didn’t have unlimited free time. I had to find time to write. For me, that meant getting up early. Like, 5:00 a. m. early. Every morning, I would wake up, get my coffee, and write for two hours. At first, this was difficult;I had to force myself out of bed and downstairs before the sun rose. But eventually, it became habitual. I did it without even thinking about it. And soon, what started as a discipline became a daily joy.
By doing this, I learned the excuse I had given myself--- “I don’t have enough time”--- wasn’t true. I did have enough time; it was just hiding in “inconvenient” places.
These days, most people I meet are talking about their dreams. For example, they want to bravely pursue a successful career. However, they’re doing it all wrong. They think they need to take a huge leap out into the unknown when, in fact, the opposite is true. So if you have a dream, just take action. And don’t say you don’t have time for it.
26．How did the friend’s words change his attitude towards writing? (no more than 10 words)
27．What does the underlined word “fake” mean in the first paragraph? (no more than 1 word)
28．How did the author find time for writing? (no more than 15 words)
29．What does the author advise us to do to pursue a successful career? (no more than 10 words)
30．Suppose you’re crazy about playing basketball, but you have no time for it. How will you deal with it?
【答案】
26．He started calling himself a writer.
27．pretend
28．By reducing his sleeping time.
29．If you have a dream, just take action.
30．I will make time to play basketball, for example, make good use of half an hour after school.
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者以自己写作的亲身经历告诉我们如果有梦想，就马上行动起来，不要说没有时间做。
26．考查细节理解。根据第一段“When I said it was to be a writer, he said these words that changed my life, “You don’t have to want to be a writer. You are a writer; you just need to write.” So I started calling myself a writer.”（当我说我想成为一名作家时，他说的这句话改变了我的生活：“你不必非得成为一名作家。 你是一个作家；你只需要写下来。” 所以我开始称自己为作家 ）可知朋友的话让作者开始称自己为作家。故填He started calling himself a writer.
27．考查词句猜测。根据第一段“I started acting like it. Eventually, I even began to believe it. It turns out that sometimes you do have to fake it before you make it. ”（我开始表现得像。 最后，我甚至开始相信了。事实证明，有时候你必须在成功之前fake成功 ）可推知“fake”意思是“假装”，与pretend同意。故填pretend。
28．考查推理判断。根据第三段“For me, that meant getting up early. Like, 5:00 a. m. early. Every morning, I would wake up, get my coffee, and write for two hours.”（对我来说，这意味着早起。 大概凌晨5点吧。 每天早上，我醒来，喝杯咖啡，然后写作两个小时）可推知作者通过减少他的睡眠时间，挤出时间写作。故填By reducing his sleeping time.
29．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“So if you have a dream, just take action.”（所以，如果你有梦想，就采取行动）可知作者建议我们如果有梦想，就采取行动来追求成功的事业。故填If you have a dream, just take action.
30．开放题。本题言之有理即可，但一定要围绕“如果你有梦想，就采取行动”展开。故填I will make time to play basketball, for example, make good use of half an hour after school.
（七）、 One day I decided to plant a garden in our backyard, and my husband began to paint our fence. We’re renters, not owners, and were growing tired of waiting for the day when we would be able to buy something, so we began turning our house into a place we could call home.
We’ve also taken on new responsibilities: I started volunteering at the city’s animal shelter, and my husband has been volunteering for a nonprofit art gallery. Being involved in this way has given each of us an increased sense of purpose and strengthened our ties to the place we live in.
But it’s not just the things that you can add to your restart that matter. I’m happy to be able to help out an elderly woman I see struggling with her bag. I know I’ve done something good when I knock on a neighbor’s door and let her know her car lights are still on. I feel I’ve done my part when I find a lost dog wandering in the neighborhood and return him to his relieved owner.
No doubt it works the other way, too. As we come to care about the place we live in, the people here grow to know and care about us. It feels good to know that when we’re out of town, our neighbors are picking up our mail and keeping an eye on our house for us. We’re delighted when a neighbor congratulates us on my pregnancy.
This symbiotic (共生的) relationship we’re building with our community is exciting and inspiring. As I watch new life sprouting up in my garden, I think about all the possibilities for laying down more roots to this place and growing along with it. And as I think about the baby growing, I am knowing we will be bringing a new person --- a new participant --- into this community, a community he’ll call his hometown.
31．What new responsibility has the author’s husband been taking on? (No more than 10 words)
32．Why are the writer and her husband rewarded in return? (No more than 10 words)
33．What does the underlined phrase “sprouting up” most probably mean? (No more than 3 words)
34．What is the best title of the text? (No more than 8 words)
35．After reading the text, if you want to have a life with your neighborhood, what should you do? (No more than 20 words)
【答案】
31．He has been volunteering for a nonprofit art gallery.
32．Because they have done many good deeds.
33．Appearing./Starting.
34．The Root of All the Good
35．(Open.)I would be kind and do my best to offer convenience to them all.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者和丈夫虽然是租户，但他们积极融入周围的街区和邻居中去，他们的行为也得到了回报，与社区建立的共生关系让作者感到兴奋，想要在这里扎下更多的根并一起成长。
31．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“and my husband has been volunteering for a nonprofit art gallery.(我的丈夫一直在一个非营利性的艺术画廊当志愿者)”可知，丈夫的新责任是在一家艺术画廊做志愿者。故答案为He has been volunteering for a nonprofit art gallery.。
32．考查推理判断。根据第二段中“I started volunteering at the city’s animal shelter, and my husband has been volunteering for a nonprofit art gallery.(我开始在市里的动物庇护所当志愿者，我的丈夫一直在一个非营利性的艺术画廊当志愿者)”及第三段中“I’m happy to be able to help out an elderly woman I see struggling with her bag. I know I’ve done something good when I knock on a neighbor’s door and let her know her car lights are still on. I feel I’ve done my part when I find a lost dog wandering in the neighborhood and return him to his relieved owner.(当我看见一个老妇人艰难地拎着包，我很开心自己能够去帮助她；当我敲开邻居的门告诉她，她的车灯忘了熄，我知道我做了一件好事；当我在家附近发现一只迷路的狗在外游荡，并把它归还给如释重负的狗主人时，我感觉自己尽到了作为这个社区一份子的职责。)”可知，作者和丈夫得到回报是因为他们做了很多好事。故答案为Because they have done many good deeds.。
33．考查短语猜测。根据第一段中“One day I decided to plant a garden in our backyard(一天，我决定在外面的后院里栽种花木)”可知，作者在后院栽种花木，由此可推知，划线词所在句意为“当我看着我的花园里萌发出来的新生命时，我想到如果我们在这个地方扎下更多的根并和这个地方一起成长的所有可能性”。sprouting up意为“出现，开始”。故答案为Appearing./Starting.。
34．考查主旨大意。通读全文，结合最后一段“This symbiotic (共生的) relationship we’re building with our community is exciting and inspiring. As I watch new life sprouting up in my garden, I think about all the possibilities for laying down more roots to this place and growing along with it.(我们和我们的社区建立起来的这种共生的关系，让我倍感兴奋和鼓舞。当我看着我的花园里萌发出来的新生命时，我想到如果我们在这个地方扎下更多的根并和这个地方一起成长的所有可能性)”可知，文章主要讲述作者和丈夫虽然是租户，但他们积极融入周围的街区和邻居中去，他们的行为也得到了回报，与社区建立的共生关系让作者感到兴奋，想要在这里扎下更多的根并一起成长。故本文的标题可以概括为“一切美好的根源”。故答案为The Root of All the Good。
35．考查开放性题型。本题是开放性问题，根据第三段中“I’m happy to be able to help out an elderly woman I see struggling with her bag. I know I’ve done something good when I knock on a neighbor’s door and let her know her car lights are still on. I feel I’ve done my part when I find a lost dog wandering in the neighborhood and return him to his relieved owner.(当我看见一个老妇人艰难地拎着包，我很开心自己能够去帮助她；当我敲开邻居的门告诉她，她的车灯忘了熄，我知道我做了一件好事；当我在家附近发现一只迷路的狗在外游荡，并把它归还给如释重负的狗主人时，我感觉自己尽到了作为这个社区一份子的职责。)”及第四段中“As we come to care about the place we live in, the people here grow to know and care about us. It feels good to know that when we’re out of town, our neighbors are picking up our mail and keeping an eye on our house for us. We’re delighted when a neighbor congratulates us on my pregnancy.(随着我们开始关心我们所居住的社区，这里的人们也开始了解和关心我们。我们在外地时，邻居会帮我们接收信件、照看门户，那种感觉真好。当我一位邻居为我怀孕的事向我们祝贺时，我们非常开心)”可知，作者尽力去帮助邻居，所以得到了相应的回报，所以如果你想和邻居好好生活，应该尽力去为他们提供方便。故答案为I would be kind and do my best to offer convenience to them all.。
（八）、 The Chinese capital, the first city in the world to host the summer and the winter Olympic Games, has come up with innovative high-tech standards for Beijing 2022, delivering China’s promise to hold a “simple, safe and splendid” event.
As the Winter Olympic Games continue in China, some of the different technologies are being used in Beijing. Journalists reporting on the Winter Olympics are offered the chance to sleep on the job thanks to the high-tech cabins (房舱) at the Beijing media centre. The 20 sleep rest cabins were developed by China’s Keeson Technology Corp, and with a simple scan of their phones, journalists can use them for power naps for up to an hour.
The spacious cabins are equipped with the same type of beds provided for the athletes. The smart beds with sensors can collect information on things like breathing and heart rates. Users can adjust the position of the beds, which have a massage setting, by using a remote control or their phone. The beds also have controls to permit users to choose different sleeping positions, including one called “zero gravity”, which is especially designed for the Beijing Winter Games. Raising the head 15 degrees and legs by 35 degrees is beneficial for blood circulation and able to help the users to relieve stress and get a good night sleep. So far, thirty to forty people a day have used the cabins at the Beijing media centre. The cabins are fully cleaned after each use.
The sleep rest cabins are just one of a number of innovations at the Games. The city has gone to great lengths to make the Winter Olympics a smart sports experience.
36．According to the passage, what high-tech equipment is provided to journalists at the Beijing media centre?
37．How do you understand the underlined part "power naps" in the second paragraph?
38．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The smart beds have many functions, such as treating breathing and heart diseases, providing massage setting and permitting zero gravity sleeping position.
39．There are many other high-tech products used in our daily life. Please introduce another high-tech product. (In about 40 words)
【答案】
36．The high-tech cabins.
37．A short relaxing sleep that makes users relieve stress.
38．The smart beds have many functions, such as treating breathing and heart diseases, providing massage setting and permitting zero gravity sleeping position. Because the smart beds with sensors can collect information on things like breathing and heart rates.
39．I want to introduce sweeping robots to you. Sweeping robots play a role in our daily life. They can help us to sweep the floor cleanly and charge automatically, which save our time and energy.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍北京冬奥会上高科技房舱及智能床。
36．考查细节理解。根据第二段“Journalists reporting on the Winter Olympics are offered the chance to sleep on the job thanks to the high-tech cabins (房舱) at the Beijing media centre. (报道冬奥会的记者们有机会在工作中睡觉，这要归功于北京媒体中心的高科技舱房。)”可知，北京媒体中心为记者们提供了高科技舱房。故答案为The high-tech cabins.。
37．考查词句猜测。根据第二段“Journalists reporting on the Winter Olympics are offered the chance to sleep on the job thanks to the high-tech cabins (房舱) at the Beijing media centre. (报道冬奥会的记者们有机会在工作中睡觉，这要归功于北京媒体中心的高科技舱房。)”及“for up to an hour (长达一个小时)”及第三段“Raising the head 15 degrees and legs by 35 degrees is beneficial for blood circulation and able to help the users to relieve stress and get a good night sleep. (将头部抬高15度，将腿部抬高35度，有利于血液循环，能够帮助使用者缓解压力，睡个好觉。)”可知，高科技舱房的设计是为了使冬奥会的记者们有机会在工作中睡一个小时的觉，并帮助使用者缓解压力。故推知power naps的意思是“让人放松和减轻压力的小睡”。故答案为A short relaxing sleep that makes users relieve stress.
38．考查细节理解。根据第三段“The smart beds with sensors can collect information on things like breathing and heart rates. Users can adjust the position of the beds, which have a massage setting, by using a remote control or their phone. The beds also have controls to permit users to choose different sleeping positions, including one called “zero gravity”, which is especially designed for the Beijing Winter Games. (带有传感器的智能床可以收集有关呼吸和心率等信息。用户可以使用遥控器或手机调整具有按摩设置的床的位置。床还具有控件，允许用户选择不同的睡眠姿势，包括一个称为“零重力”的睡姿，这是专门为北京冬季奥运会设计的。)”可知，智能床可以提供按摩、支持“零重力”睡姿、收集有关呼吸和心率等信息。但并不能治疗呼吸和心脏疾病。故答案为The smart beds have many functions, such as treating breathing and heart diseases, providing massage setting and permitting zero gravity sleeping position. Because the smart beds with sensors can collect information on things like breathing and heart rates.
39．考查开放性试题。故答案为I want to introduce sweeping robots to you. Sweeping robots play a role in our daily life. They can help us to sweep the floor cleanly and charge automatically, which save our time and energy.
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
（九）、Revenge Sleep Procrastination
According to the sleep expert Dorothy Chambers, “revenge sleep procrastination” refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven’t had time to do in the day, and reflects a very poor work and life balance.
The researchers surveyed 2,012 adults and found that over three quarters admit doing a form of revenge sleep procrastination, using their phones right up until falling asleep. Then the researchers selected some social media apps to test how seriously they affect sleep quality. Each participant was asked to wear a smartwatch to record how long it took to fall asleep, and provide feedback on how tired they felt the next morning. The result revealed that the average time taken to fall asleep was over 45 minutes and an increasing tiredness was reported by over half of the participants. It showed that revenge sleep procrastination impacted sleep quality a lot, which can lead to adverse implications on physical and mental health.
So why does it happen? According to the researchers, it’s largely down to the blue light emitted from phone screens. It stimulates the brain and reduces natural melatonin(褪黑素) production, increasing tiredness, and in turn increasing the amount of time spent falling asleep.
The researchers pointed that social media apps encourage the release of “pleasure chemicals”, giving us energy and a “happy” feeling. This could be why many of us choose them as our means of revenge sleep procrastination, even though we know they do have negative effects on our health.
To solve this problem, Dorothy recommended that we shouldn’t use any electronics for at least two hours before sleeping to avoid sleep deprivation. Instead, we should try reading a book or taking deep breaths.
40．What is revenge sleep procrastination?
41．What is the effect of revenge sleep procrastination?
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
For some procrastinators, their sleep trouble results from the blue light, pleasure chemicals and their unawareness of the bad effects of using social media apps before bed.
43．If you preferred using social media apps before bed, what would you do to fight such a type of sleep revenge procrastination besides the practice mentioned in the passage?(In about 40 words)
【答案】
40．Revenge sleep procrastination refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven't had time to do in the day.
41．It causes a very poor work and life balance. And it impacts sleep quality a lot, which can lead to adverse implications on physical and mental health.
42．For some procrastinators, their sleep trouble results from the blue light, pleasure chemicals and their unawareness of the bad effects while they use social media apps before bed.
According to the passages, although the procrastinators already know using social media apps before bed has negative effects on their health, they can't help using them.
43．I would fight such type of procrastination in two ways. Planning time effectively could give me more control of my day, like prioritizing studying or other necessary stuff and sparing the time for entertainment. Plus, at bedtime, I would keep my phone in the living room to avoid addictive social media apps.
【解析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了什么是“报复性睡眠拖延症”，说明了其坏处及应对方法。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段““revenge sleep procrastination” refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven’t had time to do in the day(“报复性睡眠拖延症”指的是我们为了去做白天没时间做的那些不重要的事情而推迟睡觉时间。)”可知，“报复性睡眠拖延症”是指我们推迟睡觉去做白天没时间做的其他不重要的事情。故答案为Revenge sleep procrastination refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven't had time to do in the day.
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段““revenge sleep procrastination” refers to a phenomenon in which we delay going to sleep to do other unimportant things that we haven’t had time to do in the day, and reflects a very poor work and life balance.(“报复性睡眠拖延症”指的是我们为了去做白天没时间做的那些不重要的事情而推迟睡觉时间，这反映出工作和生活的平衡很差。)”及第二段“It showed that revenge sleep procrastination impacted sleep quality a lot, which can lead to adverse implications on physical and mental health.(结果表明，报复性睡眠拖延症严重影响了睡眠质量，可能对身心健康产生不良影响。)”可知，“报复性睡眠拖延症”导致工作和生活的平衡很差；严重影响睡眠质量；对身体和心理健康造成不利影响。 故答案为It causes a very poor work and life balance. And it impacts sleep quality a lot, which can lead to adverse implications on physical and mental health.
42．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“This could be why many of us choose them as our means of revenge sleep procrastination, even though we know they do have negative effects on our health.(这可能就是为什么我们很多人选择它们作为报复睡眠拖延症的手段，尽管我们知道它们确实对我们的健康有负面影响。)”可知，原句表述“their unawareness of the bad effects(他们没有意识到不良影响)”有误；事实上，尽管拖延症患者已经知道睡前使用社交媒体应用程序对他们的健康有负面影响，但他们还是忍不住使用它们。故答案为For some procrastinators, their sleep trouble results from the blue light, pleasure chemicals and their unawareness of the bad effects of using social media apps before bed. According to the passages, although the procrastinators already know using social media apps before bed has negative effects on their health, they can’t help using them.
43．开放题。根据问句“If you preferred using social media apps before bed, what would you do to fight such a type of sleep revenge procrastination besides the practice mentioned in the passage?(如果你更喜欢在睡前使用社交媒体应用程序，除了文中提到的做法外，你还会做什么来对抗这种睡眠复仇拖延症呢？要求写出两种对抗“报复性睡眠拖延症”的方法。)”可知，为了对抗这种睡眠复仇拖延症，我们可以有效计划时间，让手机远离床。故答案为I would fight such type of procrastination in two ways. Planning time effectively could give me more control of my day, like prioritizing studying or other necessary stuff and sparing the time for entertainment. Plus, at bedtime, I would keep my phone in the living room to avoid addictive social media apps.
（十）、 You might not have heard of the "fresh start effect”, but if you've ever made a New Year's resolution, you're familiar with it. It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed.
The fresh start effect is simple. Most people want to improve themselves in some way. When we hit important milestones, we're often likely to reflect: are we where we thought we'd be by a certain age? Was this year a successful year, or did we waste it? Annual landmarks like birthdays, or the start of a new year, signify a new time period and an opportunity to leave slip-ups behind and to set new goals for better behavior.
Research shows that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect. For example, people aged 29, 39, 49 etc. were 48% more likely to run a marathon for the first time. When they were approaching a new decade, they were more likely to search for meaning in their lives and try to improve themselves. The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action.
What's interesting about the fresh start effect is that we don't need to wait for big milestones to take advantage of this sudden dose of motivation. Studies show that the first day of each month and even each week can also inspire us. These days, known as temporal landmarks”, encourage us to step back and evaluate our current situation. And when we do this, we gain the motivation to be better: we become more driven and more productive. That is why people are more likely to stall diets or exercise plans on Monday, rather than the next day.
Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. So if you're currently experiencing loss of motivation, questioning the meaning of your work, or just feel like you're stuck in a rut, why don't you use the fresh start effect in your own life?
44．According to the passage, what is "fresh start effect"?
45．Why is it that anticipation of a new beginning is a key motivator for the fresh start effect?
46．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
> A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when we forget about our mistakes and move forward.
47．Besides the fresh start effect, in what other ways do you motivate yourself in your life? (In about 40 words）
【答案】
44．It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed.
45．Because it is easier to introduce new goals and take action.
46．A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when we forget about our mistakes and move forward.
Because resh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward.
47．In my daily life, I motivate myself by learning from idols who are hard working, diligent and strict with themselves. Modeling myself on them can help me to make progress and motivate me not to give up.
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍fresh start effect (新起点效应)，及这个效应对我们生活的帮助。
44．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed. (它指的是在特殊场合或重要日期过去后，人们采取行动实现目标的倾向)”可知，fresh start effect指的是在特殊场合或重要日期过去后，人们采取行动实现目标的倾向。故答案为It refers to the human tendency to take action towards achieving a goal after a special occasion or key date has passed.
45．考查细节理解。根据第三段“The reason is simple. When we see our past self as separate from our current self, we feel it easier to introduce new goals and take action. (原因很简单。当我们看到过去的自我与现在的自我分离时，我们觉得引入新目标并采取行动更容易)”可知，设置预期更容易引入新目标，更加容易采取动行。故新开始的预期是新开始效应的关键动力的原因是：设置预期更容易引入新目标，更加容易采取动行。故答案为Because it is easier to introduce new goals and take action.
46．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Fresh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward. (重新开始是令人兴奋的机会，可以从错误中吸取教训并向前迈进)”可知，重新开始意味着从错误中吸取教训，而不是忘记错误。故答案为A fresh start like the first day of each week is a time when we forget about our mistakes and move forward. Because resh starts are exciting opportunities to learn from your mistakes and move forward.
47．考查开放性试题。答案为In my daily life, I motivate myself by learning from idols who are hard working, diligent and strict with themselves. Modeling myself on them can help me to make progress and motivate me not to give up.
（十一）、 I was traveling with my husband and three teenage sons, in the United States. We ordered our food at a fast-food place, and with my meal I also wanted a blueberry pie. My husband is the chatty one in the family and likes to socialize, so he started to a conversation about the place where blueberries grow with the girl. She answered, with some anxiety, “They grow on trees.”
The whole family’s jaws dropped! How could this girl not know where blueberries grow? We tried not to embarrass her, and just took the opportunity to teach her a little about how blueberries grow, on small shrubs on the ground. She seemed to appreciate learning something new. We can’t know all the same things, as you’ll see from the next thing I’m going to tell you.
In 2002 our family made a short trip to a coffee plantation. The road to the plantation was narrow filled with hairpin bends. I worried about hitting another car. We didn’t, lucky us! When we finally got to our destination, we learned a lot about the plantation and coffee production, but we didn’t see any coffee plants. Where were they? We decided to ask one of the people working there. “So where are the coffee plants? We can’t see them anywhere.”
She reached out her arm and caught a twig right next to us and explained, “This is the coffee plant and these little things will be coffee beans.” I looked around in embarrassment, as we were surrounded by coffee plants! She explained that coffee plants aren’t big and that they have to grow in the shade of other bigger plants. I appreciated her lesson.
We love our coffee, but I’m sure most of my countrymen would not be able to recognize a coffee plant among other tropical plants if asked. Our jaws can drop at different things, depending on geographical locations, at what we know and don’t know. Never take anything for granted!
48．What topic did the author’s husband discuss with the girl? (no more than 5 words)
49．How do you understand the underlined part in Paragraph 2? (no more than 10 words)
50．How was the way to the coffee plantation ? (1 word)
51．What did the author learn from the worker? (no more than 15 words)
52．What inspiration do you get from the story? Please express it in your own words. (no more than 20 words)
【答案】
48．The place where blueberries grow. / Where do blueberries grow?
49．The author’s whole family was surprised/amazed/astonished/shocked (at the girl’s answer).
50．Dangerous. / Risky.
51．Coffee plants are small and grow in the shade of other bigger plants.
52．We should learn things all the time because learning is truly a never-ending process.
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和丈夫以及三个十几岁的儿子在美国旅行，从女儿不知道蓝莓长在树上一事中，作者想起了他们曾经去咖啡种植园的事情。感悟到根据地理位置的不同，我们会对不同的事情刮目相看，不要认为任何事情都是理所当然的。
48．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“My husband is the chatty one in the family and likes to socialize, so he started to a conversation about the place where blueberries grow with the girl. She answered, with some anxiety, “They grow on trees.”(我的丈夫是家里健谈的人，喜欢社交，所以他开始谈论和女孩一起种植蓝莓的地方。她有些焦虑地回答说：“它们长在树上。”)”可知，作者的丈夫和女孩讨论的话题是蓝莓生长的地方或者蓝莓生长在哪里？。故答案为The place where blueberries grow. / Where do blueberries grow?
49．考查词句猜测。根据第二段中“How could this girl not know where blueberries grow? We tried not to embarrass her, and just took the opportunity to teach her a little about how blueberries grow, on small shrubs on the ground.(这个女孩怎么会不知道蓝莓生长在哪里？我们尽量不让她难堪，只是利用这个机会教她一点蓝莓是如何在地上的小灌木上生长的)”可知，女孩回答说蓝莓长在树上让全家感到惊讶，但他们尽量不让女孩难堪，只是利用这个机会教她一点蓝莓是如何在地上的小灌木上生长的。画线部分意思是“作者全家对女孩的回答都感到很惊讶”。故答案为The author’s whole family was surprised/amazed/astonished/shocked (at the girl’s answer).
50．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“The road to the plantation was narrow filled with hairpin bends. I worried about hitting another car.(通往种植园的路很窄，充满了急转弯。我担心撞到另一辆车)”可知，去咖啡种植园的路很危险。故答案为Dangerous. / Risky.
51．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中“She explained that coffee plants aren’t big and that they have to grow in the shade of other bigger plants.(她解释说，咖啡树个头不大，它们必须在其他较大植物的荫凉下生长)”可知，作者从工人那里了解到咖啡树很小，生长在其他较大植物的树荫下。故答案为Coffee plants are small and grow in the shade of other bigger plants.
52．本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。题干：你从这个故事中得到了什么启发？请用你自己的话来表达。可回答：我们应该一直学习，因为学习是一个永无止境的过程。故答案为We should learn things all the time because learning is truly a never-ending process.
（十二）、

69-year-old Xia Boyu recently became the oldest double amputee (双侧截肢者) to climb Mount Qomolangma. That is amazing, but even what is more impressive is the fact that he did it after he tried four times.
Xia Boyu’s first try to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma was in 1975, as part of an expedition (远征) by the Chinese Government. With only 250 meters to go from reaching the top, the team was stopped by bad weather. To make sure that everyone made it back alive, the team decided to turn back and finish their dream another time.
On the way, Xia Boyu gave his sleeping bag to one of his teammates who was in worse shape than him. Unluckily, this selfless act made him lose both his feet to frostbite (冻伤).
In 1996, Xia Boyu got cancer. But it also didn’t stop the mountain climber from realizing his dream of climbing the world’s highest peak. “Climbing Mount Qomolangma is my dream, ” Xia said. “I have to realize it. It also stands for a personal challenge, a challenge of fate. ”
Over twenty years after losing his feet, Xia Boyu trained to get his body ready for another try at climbing Mount Qomolangma. In 2014, he tried again, but finally had to turn back because of bad weather. The same thing happened the following year, as well as in 2016.
In 2018, Xia Boyu finally reached the top of Mount Qomolangma on his fifth try. He thus became only the second double amputee to climb the world’s highest mountain top, after Mark Inglis from New Zealand, who did it in 2006, and the first to do it from the Nepal (尼泊尔) side.
Answer the following questions with no more than 7 words.
53．How many times did Xia Boyu try to climb Mount Qomolangma?     
54．Who is the first double amputee to climb the world’s highest mountain top?
55．When was Xia Boyu’s first try to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma?        
56．Why did Xia Boyu give up trying while climbing Mount Qomolangma in 2014?
57．What happened to him after Xia Boyu gave his sleeping bag to his teammate?
【答案】
53．He tried five times.
54．Mark Inglis (from New Zealand).
55．In 1975
56．Because of bad weather.
57．He lost (both) his feet to frostbite.
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了夏伯渝不断尝试登上珠穆朗玛峰的经历。终于在2018年，69岁的截肢者夏伯渝用两条义肢自豪地站在了珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，向世界展示了梦想的力量。这告诉我们：实现梦想无关年龄，残疾或他人的想法和期望，只与自己坚定的信念有关。
53．考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“That is amazing, but even what is more impressive is the fact that he did it after he tried four times.（这是惊人的，但更令人印象深刻的是，他是在尝试了四次之后才做到的。）”以及根据最后一段第一句“In 2018, Xia Boyu finally reached the top of Mount Qomolangma on his fifth try.（2018年，夏伯玉第五次尝试成功登顶珠峰。）”可知，夏伯渝尝试了五次后成登顶珠峰。故答案为He tried five times。
54．考查细节理解。根据最后一段“In 2018, Xia Boyu finally reached the top of Mount Qomolangma on his fifth try. He thus became only the second double amputee to climb the world’s highest mountain top, after Mark Inglis from New Zealand, who did it in 2006, and the first to do it from the Nepal (尼泊尔) side.（2018年，夏伯渝第五次登顶珠穆朗玛峰。因此，他成为继新西兰的Mark Inglis之后第二位登上世界最高峰的双腿截肢者，Mark Inglis于2006年登上世界最高峰，他也是第一位从尼泊尔一侧登上世界最高峰的截肢者。）”可知，来自新西兰的Mark Inglis是第一位登上世界最高峰的双腿截肢者。故答案为Mark Inglis (from New Zealand)。
55．考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“Xia Boyu’s first try to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma was in 1975, as part of an expedition (远征) by the Chinese Government. （1975年，作为中国政府探险队的一员，夏伯渝首次尝试登顶珠峰。）”可知，1975年夏伯渝第一次尝试登顶珠峰。故答案为In 1975。
56．考查细节理解。根据第五段第二句“In 2014, he tried again, but finally had to turn back because of bad weather.（2014年，他再次尝试，但最终由于天气恶劣不得不折返。）”可知，由于天气原因夏伯渝放弃尝试攀登珠峰。故答案为Because of bad weather。
57．考查细节理解。根据第三段内容“On the way, Xia Boyu gave his sleeping bag to one of his teammates who was in worse shape than him. Unluckily, this selfless act made him lose both his feet to frostbite (冻伤).（在路上，夏伯渝把睡袋给了他的队友，他的身体状况比他差。不幸的是，这种无私的行为使他被冻伤失去了双脚。）”可知，夏伯渝把睡袋给了队友之后，他被冻伤失去了双脚。故答案为He lost (both) his feet to frostbite。