【配套新教材】专题三 主谓一致（超级讲义）——2023届高考英语一轮复习讲学一站通关

这是一份【配套新教材】专题三 主谓一致（超级讲义）——2023届高考英语一轮复习讲学一站通关，共6页。
专题三主谓一致重点考点：语法一致主谓一致谓语动词的数应和主语的人称和数保持一致,这叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”就是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。例：Percy has made great progress in Chinese.珀西的汉语取得了很大进步。Twenty years is a long time.二十年是一段很长的时间Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。All are equal before the law. 法律面前，人人平等。All is well that ends well. 结局好一切都好。考点一谓语动词用单数形式的情况1.主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、书名等整体概念的名词时。Ten miles is not a long way for me.十英里对我来说不是很长的距离。2.由and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语,前面由every/each/no修饰时。Each boy and(each) girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。3.and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且两个名词共用一个冠词时。A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now.一位英语老师兼班主任现在正告诉我们关于义工们的一些情况。4.“the number of+复数名词”做主语时。The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800.出席会议的教授的人数是1,800人。5.动词-ing形式、不定式或从句做主语时。What the teacher does and says is of great importance to the students.老师做的事和说的话对学生很重要。6.“more than one+单数名词”和“many a+单数名词”做主语时。More than one student hasgone to Beijing.不止一个学生去了北京。—How was the English test last Friday?—Many a student haspassed the test.——上周五的英语测验怎么样?——许多同学都通过了测验。7.“the+形容词”做主语,表示一类抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。The new is sure to replace the old.新生事物一定会取代旧事物。考点一谓语动词用单数形式的情况1.有些集合名词如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police等做主语,后面的谓语动词用复数形式。The police are searching for the murderer.警方正在搜寻凶手。2.“the+形容词/过去分词”做主语,表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。The old are living a happy life now.老人们现在过着幸福的生活。3.由and或both...and...连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.这家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。考点三谓语动词单复数形式视情况而定 1.集合名词如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等做主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如果侧重其成员,谓语动词用复数形式。My family has four people.My family all like watching football games.我家有四口人。我的家人都喜欢看足球比赛。2.主语是单复数同形的名词如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works, aircraft等时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数形式。Every means hasbeentried,but none proved successful.每个办法都尝试过了,但没有一个证实是成功的。Many means have not come into effect.许多方法都没生效。3.代词none,neither,all以及what引导的从句等做主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于所指代的内容。All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.我们所需要的就是一小块土地,在那儿我们可以在一年的生长季节种植各种各样的果树。What they have are 200 computers.他们拥有的就是二百台电脑。4.population表示“人口”,即一个国家或地区的居民数目,它做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,它做主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。The population of that country is about 36 million.那个国家的人口数大约是3,600万。Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers.那个国家80%的人口是农民。考点四“名词（或代词）+介词短语”做主语时的主谓一致1.有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语,该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.森林火灾的危险不能轻视。2.当主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,accompaniedby,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,morethan,ratherthan,no less than,except,but,besides,including等连接的单词(词组)时,其谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们前面的主语保持一致。Newspapers,as well as the Internet,play an important role in daily communication.报纸,还有互联网,在日常交流中起到了重要的作用。考点四“名词（或代词）+of+名词”做主语时的主谓一致1.由some,plenty,alot,lots,most,therest,all,half,part或分数、百分数+of+名词等短语做主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词,谓语动词就用单数形式。About one third of the books are well worth reading.大约三分之一的书非常值得阅读。Over 30% of the work hasbeenfinished.百分之三十以上的工作已经完成了。2.由a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of,名词+of this kind(type,sort, part,piece,section,pair)等构成的短语做主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。This kind of animals is dangerous.Animals of this kind are dangerous.这种动物很危险。3.“a large amount of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。“large amounts of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。“a good/great deal of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Vast amounts of money are being invested in the local market.大量资金投放到当地的市场上。考点六就近原则1.由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.不但他的家人而且连他也喜欢卓别林的电影。Are either you or your brother going to the party?要么你要么是你的弟弟将要去参加这个聚会吗?2.there be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。Thereare some envelopes and paper for you.有一些信封和纸张给你。考点七定语从句中的主谓一致1.在定语从句里,关系代词that,who,which等做主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。Those who haveseen the film please put up your hands.看过这部电影的请举手。2.“one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句的谓语动词要用复数形式。Tom is one of the boys who havebeen abroad.汤姆是出过国的男孩之一。3.“the only one of+the+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。He is the only one of the students who haspassed the exam.他是唯一一个通过这次考试的学生。例题:1.He is one of those people who 　　　　　　(work) too hard. work　此处为who引导的定语从句,先行词为those people,且该句为一般现在时,故用work。2.Not only Jasper but also his friends 　　　　　　(be) planning to go,because they have never been there before.(2019·山东烟台栖霞模拟) are　not only...but also...连接两个名词做主语时,谓语动词要遵循就近一致的原则。his friends是复数,所以填are。3.A respected person 　　　　　　(speak) politely.(2017·江西南昌第一次模拟测试) speaks　主语A respected person为第三人称单数,故用speaks。4.The number of heart attacks and strokes 　　　　　　(rise) because of changes in our body clock.(2017·天星教育高三毕业班第二次大联考) rises　the number of...做主语时,句子的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。5.I think this is a phenomenon,which 　　　　　　(call) for our great concern. calls　分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,which指代a phenomenon,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数;由I think this is可知,应用一般现在时,故填calls。6.A group of dogs 　　　　　　　　　　(know) as “Therapy Dogs”. are known　由句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,“a group of+名词复数”做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,dogs与know是动宾关系,此处描述的是一般情况,因此用一般现在时的被动语态。7.Dr.Barone 　　　　　　　(operate) on people with all types of birth defects.She also goes to other countries where people cannot afford this treatment and helps them for free. operates　根据语境可知,此处表示经常做的事情,故用一般现在时,且由句子主语Dr.Barone可知,应填operates,与下文的goes和helps呼应。8.Swimming in heated pools 　　　　　　(be) very common in this part of the country in winter. is　此处为动词-ing形式短语做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,且该句为一般现在时,故用is。9.Without the new taxes,houses built before World War Ⅱ 　　(have) lower costs than more modern houses do. have　分析该句结构可知,该句的主语是houses,且该句为一般现在时,故此处用have。10.That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers 　　　(be) an understatement to those who are really familiar with the field of literature. is　That Shakespeare was one of the most talented writers为that引导的名词性从句做主语,谓语动词用单数形式,根据后文可知,此处用一般现在时,故用is。11.Neither the teacher nor the students 　　　　　　(know) the solution to the maths problem. know　neither...nor连接两个并列的主语,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的主语the students,且该句为一般现在时,故用know。