人教版新目标中考语法讲解被动语态课件PPT

这是一份人教版新目标中考语法讲解被动语态课件PPT，共44页。PPT课件主要包含了考点攻略，语篇运用，易错集训，备考训练，第九节　被动语态等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分　 语法专题
分析广东近几年的中考真题可知，被动语态为每年的重要考点，主要出现在语法选择和短文填空中。 英语中动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
被动语态的构成1．被动语态的构成被动语态的构成：be＋及物动词的过去分词。be动词有人称、时态和数的变化。初中常见时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词d为例)：
2.主动语态与被动语态的转换(1)主动语态里的主语变成被动语态里的宾语，前面常用介词by，如果是人称代词，by后用宾格形式。有时候被动语态里的宾语和by可以省略。(2)主动语态里的谓语动词变成被动语态里的“be+动词的过去分词”形式，be动词的时态和主动语态里时态保持一致。　
(3)主动语态里的宾语变成被动语态里的主语。(4)其他成分(如时间状语、定语)不变。
Tips: 主动语态与被动语态的转换(1)主动语态中含双宾语谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语，则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词t或fr。常见可以接双宾语的词有：buy/give/lend/ffer/shw/teach/tell。如：She gave me a bk. 她给了我一本书。
→I was given a bk by her.(间接宾语me转化为主语)→A bk was given t me by her.(直接宾语a bk转化为主语)(2)主动语态中含动词短语许多由不及物动词加上副词或介词构成的动词短语，相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，也可以有被动语态。该类动词短语有：lk after/lk at/take care f/put up/take away/pay attentin t/laugh at。如：We shuld take care f the ld peple. 我们应该照顾好老人。→The ld peple shuld be taken care f by us. (f不可省略)
(3)主动语态中含有不带t的不定式，这类动词主要有感官动词(feel/hear/ntice/see/watch)和使役动词(have/let/make)。主动语态的结构为“feel/hear…/make…+sb.+动词原形(省略t的不定式)”，被动语态的结构为“sb.+be+felt/heard…/made+ t+动词原形”。如：They heard a girl sing in the next rm. 他们听到隔壁房间有个女孩在唱歌。→A girl was heard t sing in the next rm (by them).
感使动词真奇怪，t在句中像妖怪，主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。
1．(2019广东改编)It is said that ne Greater Bay Area university will be (build) in Guangdng in the future.2．(2018广东改编)Many shps in China were (rder) t shut dwn as a new law against ivry(象牙) trade came int effect n January 1st, 2018.3．(2017广东改编)The waiter tld me that free parking ________ prvided fr the htel guests.
4．(2021湖南益阳改编)—Hw clean the rads are! —They cleaned by the hard­wrking cleaners every day.5．(2021贵州毕节改编)N matter hw many difficulties we have, I believe all the prblems can be (slve) in the end.6．In Miss Lin's class, many chances are (ffer) t students t learn frm each ther.
被动语态的用法
7．A medical team was (send) t Italy several mnths ag.8．(2021江苏盐城改编)Rainbws are (prduce) when sunlight passes thrugh small drps f water in the sky. 9．(2021贵州安顺改编)It is (knw) that the telephne invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.10．It seems that the prgram is (design) prly. It's ut f rder frm time t time.
被动语态用法的难点1．不及物动词(词组)没有被动语态。如：happen(发生), take place(发生；举行), cst(花费), belng t(属于)等。如：What changes will take place in ur city? 我们市将会发生什么变化？
2．有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义(1)感官动词lk, smell, taste, feel, sund等。如：The sup tastes delicius.这汤尝起来味道很好。(2)“be wrth ding”结构，表示“值得……”。如：The idea is well wrth cnsidering. 这个想法很值得考虑。(3)“need/want/require ding”结构，表示“需要/想要/要求……”，可与“sth. need/want/require t be dne”转换。如：That car needs repairing.=That car needs t be repaired. 那辆车需要修理。
(4)write, sell, wash用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，多与副词well, badly, easily, smthly, quickly等连用。如果说“卖光了”要用被动语态“sth. be sld ut”。如：The bk sells quickly. 这本书卖得很快。The clth washes well. 这种布料好洗。This week's perfrmances are cmpletely sld ut. 本周的演出门票全部售完了。
3．形容词cheap, cmfrtable, dangerus, imprtant, interesting, nice等，后接不定式作状语时，不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如：This questin is difficult t answer. 这个问题很难回答。
11．The bk is interesting (read)．12．Light music (sund) very sft.13．This kind f pen (write) very smthly.14．Nw waste frm daily life in the city f Shanghai is required (separate) int fur different grups.
t be separated
一、被动语态在语法选择中的运用 分析广东近两年的中考语法选择可知，被动语态考查了2次{一般过去时的被动语态考查了2次：2021(39.were invited), 2020(32.were invented)}。针对该考点，考生需要根据句式结构判断主谓之间是否是被动关系，然后再根据上下文语境或时间状语判断被动语态的时态，助动词be在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。　
( )39.A．are inviting B．are invited C．were invited D．were inviting 解析：主语“Sme peple”表示复数意义，是谓语动词“invite”的承受者。由下文的“was”可以判断该空所在句的时态是一般过去时，故用一般过去时的被动语态。are inviting现在进行时，are invited一般现在时的被动语态，were invited一般过去时的被动语态，were inviting过去进行时。故选C。
( )32.A．invent B．invented C．are invented D．were invented 解析：主语“kites”表示复数意义，是谓语动词“invent”的承受者。由下文的“mre than 2,000 years ag”可以判断该句的时态是一般过去时。故用一般过去时的被动语态。invent一般现在时，invented一般过去时，are invented一般现在时的被动语态，were invented一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
(改编自人教九全Unit 5 Sectin B 2b) Each different part f China has its wn special frms f traditinal art. The mst cmmn things, frm paper t clay t bamb, are turned int bjects f beauty. Accrding t Chinese histry, sky lanterns 15 t ask fr help when peple were in truble. But tday, they 16 as bright symbls f happiness and gd wishes.
(　 　)15.A. use B．used C．are used D．were used(　 　)16.A. are seeing B．see C．are seen D．were seen
二、被动语态在短文填空中的运用 分析广东近五年的中考短文填空可知，动词的被动语态考查了1次{一般过去时的被动语态：2018(73.were)}。针对该考点，考生需要根据句式结构判断主谓之间是否是被动关系，然后再根据上下文语境或时间状语判断被动语态的时态，助动词be在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。
解析：主语“Will and his brther Harry”表示复数意义，是谓语动词“give”的承受者，需要用被动语态(be+动词的过去分词)。由于“given”是“give”的过去分词形式，所以空处需要填写助动词be。由上文的“Once”和下文的“was”可以判断本句要使用一般过去时。故填were。
Did yu knw that tea was 17. by accident? Many peple believe that tea was first drunk abut 5,000 years ag. It is 18. that a Chinese ruler called Shen Nng was the first t discver tea as a drink.
一、主动语态与被动语态的转换。1．I smetimes lend Alice my pen. (改为被动语态) My pen smetimes Alice.2．Mr. Smith made Jack wrk frm mrning till evening. (改为被动语态) Jack wrk frm mrning till evening.
二、主动形式表示被动意义。3．The clth (feel) sft and I want sme.4．My drs need (paint) red.5．This sprt is dangerus fr the kids (play)．
painting/t be painted
1．Labr can create wealth and at the same time beauty is (make) by labr, t.2．He likes cllecting stamps. Mst f his mney spent n stamps.3．(2021辽宁丹东改编)We were (encurage) t reach fr ur dreams in the graduatin ceremny last week.
4．On February 29th, 2012, the wrld's tallest bradcast twer “the Tky Skytree” was (cmplete) finally.5．(2021湖南湘潭改编)As is knwn t all, the 2022 Winter Olympics will be (hld) in China．
一、语法选择 A by was grwing in the rphanage(孤儿院). He ften 1 the questin t the rphanage dean(院长) sadly, “Such unwanted children like me, why n earth d they live in the wrld？” The dean never replied.
One day, the dean brught a stne t 2 by and said, “Sell the stne in the market tmrrw. N matter hw much mney peple pay, yu’ll never sell it.” The next day, the by squatted(蹲) in the crner f the market with the stne. T 3 surprise, many peple were interested in the stne. The price was higher and higher, 4 the by didn’t sell it. When he came back, he reprted that t the dean 5 . Then the dean asked the by 6 the stne t the gld market. In the gld market, smene gave ten times 7 price than it was yesterday. Still the by didn’t sell it.
8 the end, the dean asked the by t take the stne t the diamnd display market. Its value went up ver ten times again. But the by didn’t sell it. Sn it 9 as “a rare treasure”. The by was s surprised and asked the dean why. This time, the dean said t the by seriusly, “The value f life is like this stne. In different situatins it will have different 10 . As lng as we value urselves, the life is valuable. In fact, the value f life depends n yur attitude.”
(　 　)1.A．asked B．asks C．will ask D．has asked(　 　)2.A．/ B．a C．an D．the(　 　)3.A．he B．his C．him D．himself
(　 　)4.A．but B．and C．s D．r(　 　)5.A．excite B．exciting C．excited D．excitedly(　 　)6.A．take B．taking C．t take D．taken
(　 　)7.A．high B．higher C．the higher D．highest(　 　)8.A．T B．With C．In D．Fr(　 　)9.A．cnsiders B．is cnsidering C．was cnsidered D．will be cnsidered(　 　)10.A．meaning’s B．meanings’ C．meaning D．meanings
二、短文填空 Du Ku is a Chinese by. He 1. called “the yungest writer in the wrld”. When he was 7 mnths ld, his parents started wrking in different 2. ， such as Xi’an and Shenzhen. This kind f life gave him things t think and write abut. When he was 9 mnths ld, he culd speak and at the age f ne, he culd 3. five t six hundred wrds. At three, he culd lk 4. wrds in the dictinary. At fur, his father