2022届重庆巴蜀中学高三上学期适应性月考卷（五）英语试题含解析

这是一份2022届重庆巴蜀中学高三上学期适应性月考卷（五）英语试题含解析，共26页。
2022届重庆巴蜀中学高三上学期适应性月考卷（五）英语试题
注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。
2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。在试题卷上作答无效。
3．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。满分150分，考试用时120分钟。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
注意，听力部分答题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man find important in dog training?
A. Praise. B. Punishment. C. Patience
2. What does the man plan to do first?
A. Clean his bedroom. B. Read a magazine. C. Have some food.
3. How much do the shoes cost at Walmart?
A. $10. B. $30. C. $90.
4. What do the speakers consider difficult?
A. Visiting Mr. Smith. B. Seeking guidance. C. Writing a paper.
5. Why won’t the man take his cousin to the concert?
A. It will be too expensive. B. It will be too crowded. C. It will be too long.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。
6. What does the woman think of the medicine?
A. It can treat illnesses.
B. It is useless.
C. It failed the test.
7. Who does the woman think are to blame most for the problem?
A. Hunters. B. Government officials. C. Customers.
听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。
8. How does the man sound at first?
A. Nervous. B. Thrilled. C. Disappointed.
9. What color does the woman think old trains were?
A. Black. B. Green. C. Red.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。
10. What did the man bring to the woman?
A. A bottle of champagne.
B. An oil painting.
C. Some Fruits.
11. How many people will come tonight?
A. Six. B. Seven. C. Nine.
12. Who set the music for the get-together?
A. Peter. B. Jessica. C. Mary.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。
13. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Brother and sister. B. Host and guest. C. Husband and wife.
14. What did the woman see the cat do?
A. Hide in the dirty clothes.
B. Run past her quickly.
C. Get behind the bookcase.
15. Where is the cat hiding?
A. In the bedroom. B. In the living room. C. In the laundry room.
16. What can we learn about the cat?
A. She never tries to go outside.
B. She is afraid of the outside world.
C. She never comes back by herself.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。
17. In what way will kids benefit if their parents read to them?
A. They will perform better academically.
B. They will form a closer bond with others.
C. They will become open and honest kids.
18. What contributes most to kids’ success in school?
A. Parents’ income.
B. Parents’ education.
C. Parents’ book collection.
19. What is the best thing about reading to kids?
A. It’s a fun activity.
B. It’s relaxing at bedtime.
C. It’s a great way to communicate.
20. When should parents start to read to their kids?
A. As early as possible.
B. When their kids learn to speak.
C. As soon as their kids can hold a book.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Most dog owners know that feeding chocolate to their furry friend is a big no-no. Well, one animal hospital in Alabama believes that “no dog should go to heaven without tasting chocolate.”
Smiths Station Animal Hospital posted a photo to their Facebook page of a jar of Hershey Kisses with the words “Goodbye Kisses” painted on the side. There was also a note from one of the hospital’s doctors that read, “This jar is reserved for our euthanasia (安乐死) appointments...because no dog should go to heaven without tasting chocolate.”
“We try to provide as much comfort as possible during a terribly difficult and emotional time. My staff has always kept little snacks and candy bars around specifically for those appointments,” Dr. Nicole Namie, told WRBL. “Typically, these are treats that I wouldn’t recommend giving to my patients, but in their final moments, I think it’s important to offer them something special.”
“We always give them something to make them feel good and to enjoy the last few minutes,” Jennifer Williams, practice manager at Smiths Station Animal Hospital told Newsweek. She said given that the hospital is in a small community, the staff and doctors become attached to the pets and when it comes time to say goodbye it’s heartbreaking for everyone.
The response to the post has been overwhelming, she said, and the best part has been having people from around the world share their own stories. “It has really turned into a really sweet post,” Williams said. “There is no hate speech on it. Everyone is just showing compassion for each other.” The post has since been shared over 113,000 times on Facebook and made its way to TikTok and Reddit feeds too.
1. What do the underlined words “Hershey Kisses” refer to in Paragraph 2?
A. Sweet kisses. B. Effective medicine.
C Heartwarming photos. D. Tasty chocolate.
2. Why do the doctors feed chocolate to dogs?
A. It is good for dogs’ health. B. It serves as dogs’ last treat.
C. It keeps dogs free from physical pain. D. It is a recommended drug for euthanasia.
3. What type of writing is this text?
A. A news story. B. A lab report.
C. A research review. D. A service ad.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A
【解析】
【分析】本篇是一则新闻报道。Smiths Station Animal Hospital的医生在社交媒体上发布“好时”巧克力的照片，并声称在宠物狗奄奄一息的最后阶段可以给它们吃巧克力以进行安抚。此事引起强烈的反响。
【1题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Smiths Station Animal Hospital posted a photo to their Facebook page of a jar of Hershey Kisses with the words “Goodbye Kisses” painted on the side. There was also a note from one of the hospital’s doctors that read, “This jar is reserved for our euthanasia（安乐死）appointments...because no dog should go to heaven without tasting chocolate.””（史密斯站动物医院在他们的Facebook页面上发布了一张照片，上面是一罐Hershey Kisses，旁边画着“再见之吻”。 还有一张医院医生的纸条，上面写着:“这个罐子是为我们预约安乐死而预留的…… 因为不尝尝巧克力，狗就不能上天堂。” ）可推知“Hershey Kisses”指的是“美味的巧克力”。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Smiths Station Animal Hospital posted a photo to their Facebook page of a jar of Hershey Kisses with the words “Goodbye Kisses” painted on the side. There was also a note from one of the hospital’s doctors that read, “This jar is reserved for our euthanasia（安乐死）appointments...because no dog should go to heaven without tasting chocolate.””（史密斯站动物医院在他们的Facebook页面上发布了一张照片，上面是一罐Hershey Kisses，旁边画着“再见之吻”。 还有一张医院医生的纸条，上面写着:“这个罐子是为我们预约安乐死而预留的…… 因为不尝尝巧克力，狗就不能上天堂。”）可知，好时巧克力是作为给即将去天堂的狗狗的最后的款待,所以医生要给狗狗吃巧克力。故选B。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Most dog owners know that feeding chocolate to their furry friend is a big no-no. Well, one animal hospital in Alabama believes that “no dog should go to heaven without tasting chocolate.””（大多数狗主人都知道，给他们毛茸茸的朋友喂巧克力是绝对不允许的。 阿拉巴马州的一家动物医院认为，“没有吃过巧克力的狗就不应该上天堂。”）和最后一段“The post has since been shared over 113,000 times on Facebook and made its way to TikTok and Reddit feeds too.”（自那以后，这篇帖子在Facebook上被分享了超过11.3万次，也被传到了TikTok和Reddit）可推知，该篇是一则新闻报道。故选A。
B
There’s a significant reason behind the four standard colors found on passports, but there are some unusual shades, too. Take a closer look at that small, rectangular booklet in your hand. Depending on where you’re from, its color could tell you a lot about the country you call home.
“Although there are no strict international guidelines for passport colors, the shades are by no means random. Countries typically choose colors that can best show their culture, politics, or faith.” Claire Burrows of De La Rue, a British passport-making company, told the Economist.
For example, Islamic countries often use green passport covers because the color is important in their religion. Member countries of ECOWAS(the Economic Community of West African States) cover their passports with various shades of green, too. Members of the European Union, on the other hand, use burgundy-colored passports, as do countries who would like to join the EU, such as Turkey.
The United States tends to march to the beat of its own drum, and its passport’s color is no different. While the country shifted between pale brown, green, and a variety of reds into the latter half of the 20th century, it finally settled on blue in 1976. As for the shade? It matches the blue on the American flag, according to the Economist. Citizens of many Caribbean and South American countries, including Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay, also carry blue passports.
But why all of the dark shades? According to Bill Waldron of Holliston, a Tennessee-based passport-printing firm, darker colors are preferred because they can hide dirt, provide a nice contrast with the country crest, and appear more official.
4. What is the principle of a country’s choosing colors of passports?
A. Picking a popular color at random. B. Considering the likes of its people.
C. Matching the image of the country. D. Following the international guidelines.
5. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Turkey tries to seek a sense of belonging to the EU.
B. Member countries of ECOWAS are religious countries.
C. Green receives great popularity among Asian countries.
D. Members of the EU issue passports with a unique color.
6. What does the underlined phrase “march to the beat of its own drum” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. To follow the trend of the times. B. To behave in an individual manner.
C. To act differently to draw attention. D. To display its strengths on purpose.
7 What could be the best title of the text?
A. Why Your Passport Is in Dark Shades
B. What Your Passport Color Really Means
C. What Your Passport Can Tell about You
D. Why Your Passport Is Connected with Colors
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【分析】本篇是说明文。主要介绍了各国护照颜色及其背后的含义。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Countries typically choose colors that can best show their culture, politics, or faith.（各国选择的护照颜色通常是最能展示该国文化、政治或信仰的颜色。）”可知，护照颜色选择的标准是能匹配该国的形象。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Members of the European Union, on the other hand, use burgundy-colored passports, as do countries who would like to join the EU, such as Turkey.（另一方面，欧盟的成员国使用勃艮第葡萄酒色的护照，有意向加入欧盟的国家，比如：土耳其，也是如此。）”可知，土耳其想要加入欧盟而使用勃艮第葡萄酒色的护照，努力寻找属于欧盟的意义，故选A。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“The United States tends to march to the beat of its own drum, and its passport’s color is no different.（美国倾向于按照自己的节奏和方式，它的护照颜色并无不同。）”结合前后文理解该句：美国倾向于按照自己的节奏和方式，在选择护照颜色的问题上，也是如此。故划线部分指美国按自己的方式行事，故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“There’s a significant reason behind the four standard colors found on passports, but there are some unusual shades, too.（在护照的四种基本颜色背后有一个重要原因，但是也有一些特别的差异。）”及根据第二段“Countries typically choose colors that can best show their culture, politics, or faith.（各国选择的护照颜色通常是最能展示该国文化、政治或信仰的颜色。）”可知，文章在介绍各国护照颜色背后的含义或象征。故选B。
C
Does the amount of education you’ve completed impact the money you earn during your working years? The short answer is yes. Study after study shows that the more education, the higher your salary. But there’s more to the story. Let’s take a deeper look into how education affects income, job security, benefits, and retirement.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics recently published data about education levels and income. Unsurprisingly, individuals without a high school diploma earn the lowest annual salary (about $31,000), and have the greatest risk of being unemployed. But if they went on to obtain their high school diploma, they’d have the potential to earn close to $8,000 more per year.
What comes as a surprise is that having completed some college course work is better than having no college credits at all. With some college but no degree, one can increase his annual earnings by $5,000 over having a high school diploma alone, and see his job security increase a bit. But the biggest jump in annual salary potential, as expected, comes when someone goes from having a high school diploma to earning a bachelor’s degree, which is about a $26,000 increase annually.
There are several other benefits to obtaining a college degree. The Lumina Foundation reports that employees with bachelor’s degrees are 47% more likely to get health insurance coverage. Also, CBS News finds that those with bachelor’s degrees are more likely to work past the typical retirement age and retire later.
Those who work past age 65 have more opportunity to save for retirement, and increase their eventual Social Security benefits. In addition, working past the typical retirement age keeps them intellectually challenged, engaged with the world and connected to friends and coworkers.
The bottom line is that education does have an impact on your potential earnings. But that’s just one part of the story. More education may also lead to increased job security, better access to health care, increased security in retirement, and even a more fulfilling life.
8. What is the average yearly income of people with bachelor’s degrees?
A. About $70,000. B. About $65,000.
C. About $44,000. D. About $39,000.
9. Which level of education is an unexpected salary booster?
A. No high school diploma. B. A high school diploma.
C. Some college but no degree. D. A bachelor’s degree.
10. In what way can late retirement benefit us?
A. We’ll live a more fulfilling life. B. We’ll reduce our living expenses.
C. We’ll enjoy increased job security. D. We’ll invest our savings more wisely.
11. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To stress the benefits of secure jobs.
B. To promote awareness of income gaps.
C. To illustrate the importance of education.
D. To introduce the impacts of school systems.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本篇是说明文。文章阐述了人的教育经历对其工作的收入、稳定程度、其他福利、退休年龄等方面的影响。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unsurprisingly, individuals without a high school diploma earn the lowest annual salary (about $31,000), and have the greatest risk of being unemployed. But if they went on to obtain their high school diploma, they’d have the potential to earn close to $8,000 more per year. (毫不奇怪，没有高中文凭的个人年薪最低（约31000美元），失业风险最大。但如果他们继续获得高中文凭，他们就有可能每年多赚近8000美元)”和第三段“But the biggest jump in annual salary potential, as expected, comes when someone goes from having a high school diploma to earning a bachelor’s degree, which is about a $26,000 increase annually. (但正如预期的那样，年薪增长潜力最大的是，当一个人从高中毕业到获得学士学位，每年大约增加26000美元)”可知，拥有学士学位的人的平均年收入是31,000美元＋8000美元＋26000＝65000美元。因此，拥有学士学位的人的平均年收入是B项“About $65,000.(大约65000美元。)”符合题意，故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一二句“What comes as a surprise is that having completed some college course work is better than having no college credits at all. With some college but no degree, one can increase his annual earnings by $5,000 over having a high school diploma alone, and see his job security increase a bit. (令人惊讶的是，完成一些大学课程总比没有大学学分要好。有了大学但没有学位，一个人的年收入可以比仅仅拥有高中文凭增加5000美元，他的工作保障也会有所增加。)”可知，上过大学但未获得学位的大学教育经历对薪水的提升让人意外。因此，意外的加薪因素的教育水平是C项“Some college but no degree.(有些大学，但没有学位。)”符合题意，故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Those who work past age 65 have more opportunity to save for retirement, and increase their eventual Social Security benefits. In addition, working past the typical retirement age keeps them intellectually challenged, engaged with the world and connected to friends and coworkers. (65岁以上工作的人有更多的机会为退休储蓄，并增加他们最终的社会保障福利。此外，超过典型退休年龄的工作使他们在智力上受到挑战，与世界接触，与朋友和同事保持联系。)”可知，延迟退休可以让人们有更多的机会储蓄、提高人们的社保福利，还能让老年人在工作状态中保持思考、与世界相连、与朋友和同事保持联络，总的来说，延迟退休能让人的生活更加满意。因此，延迟退休对我们有什么好处是A项“We’ll live a more fulfilling life. (我们会过上更充实的生活)”符合题意，故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Study after study shows that the more education, the higher your salary. (一项又一项研究表明，受教育程度越高，你的工资就越高。但故事还有很多。)”以及最后一段“The bottom line is that education does have an impact on your potential earnings. But that’s just one part of the story. More education may also lead to increased job security, better access to health care, increased security in retirement, and even a more fulfilling life. (归根结底，教育确实会影响你的潜在收入。但这只是故事的一部分。更多的教育还可能带来更高的工作保障、更好的医疗保障、更高的退休保障，甚至更充实的生活)”可知，本文主要说明了受教育程度对个人收入、福利等等影响巨大。因此，作者写这篇文章的目的是C项“To illustrate the importance of education..(说明教育的重要性)”符合题意，故选C项。
D
A new study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet (粟) farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago．
The findings detailed on Wednesday document a shared genetic ancestry for the hundreds of millions of people who speak what the researchers call Transeurasian languages across an area stretching more than 8,000 kilometers.
The findings illustrate how humankind’s embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the movements of some of the world’s major language families. Millet was an important early crop as hunter-gatherers transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle.
There are 98 Transeurasian languages. This language family’s beginnings were traced to millet farmers in the Liao River valley, an area including parts of the Chinese provinces of Liaoning and Jilin and the region of Inner Mongolia. As these farmers moved across northeastern Asia, the descendant languages spread north and west into Siberia and east into Korea and over the sea to Japan over thousands of years.
The research stressed the complex beginnings for modern populations and cultures.
“Accepting that the roots of one’s language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make,” said comparative linguist Martine Robbeets, lead author of the study published in the journal Nature.
“Powerful nations such as Japan, Korea and China are often pictured as representing one language, one culture and one genetic profile. But a truth is that all languages, cultures and humans, including those in Asia, are mixed,” Robbeets added.
The origins of modem Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion, with millet also involved. While the ancestors of the Transeurasian languages grew millet in the Liao River valley, the originators of the Sino-Tibetan language family farmed millet at roughly the same time in China’s Yellow River region, paving the way for a separate language expansion.
12. What is the new study mainly about?
A. The migration routes of millet farmers.
B. The ancient origins of a large language family.
C. The different ancestries of Transeurasian speakers.
D. The shared features of some neighboring languages.
13. What fueled the spread of Transeurasian languages?
A. The transition of power. B. The diversity of lifestyles.
C. The interaction of cultures. D. The adoption of farming.
14. According to Robbeets, who may feel uncomfortable about the new findings?
A. Those from agricultural countries.
B. Those who deny their cultural identity.
C. Those with a strong sense of nationalism.
D. Those who are afraid to cross boundaries.
15. What is the main function of the last paragraph?
A. To draw a conclusion.
B. To present likely consequences.
C. To highlight the theme.
D. To offer additional information.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【分析】本篇是说明文，主要讲了发表在《自然》期刊上的一项最新研究发现，包括日语，韩语，土耳其语和蒙古语在内的泛欧亚语系起源于9000年前的中国东北。农业的发展推动了语言的传播。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。由第一段“A new study combining linguistic, genetic and archaeological evidence has traced the origins of the family of languages including modern Japanese, Korean, Turkish and Mongolian and the people who speak them to millet (粟) farmers who inhabited a region in northeastern China about 9,000 years ago”（一项结合语言学、遗传学和考古学证据的新研究追溯了现代日语、韩语、土耳其语和蒙古语等语言家族的起源，以及与居住在中国东北地区约 9000 年前的黍农民说这些语言的人）可知，第一段主要讲了一支大语族的古代起源。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由第三自然段第一句话“The findings illustrate how humankind’s embrace of agriculture following the Ice Age powered the movements of some of the world’s major language families.”（研究结果说明了人类在冰河时代之后对农业的接受如何推动了世界上一些主要语系的运动。）可知，是农业推动了世界主要语系的发展。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由第六段“Accepting that the roots of one’s language, culture or people lie beyond the present national boundaries is a kind of surrender of identity, which some people are not yet prepared to make,”（接受一个人的语言、文化或民族的根源超出目前的国界是一种身份的放弃，有些人还没有准备好）可知，他认为承认自己的语言，文化或祖先来自境外，是一种身份的屈服，有些人接受不了。在四个选项中强烈的民族主义者比较符合这个群体画像。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“The origins of modem Chinese languages arose independently, though in a similar fashion,”（现代汉语的起源以类似的方式独立出现）可知，最后一段主要讲了现代汉语的起源，从最后一段可知汉藏语系和泛欧亚语系是独立的。而前文主要探讨的是泛欧亚语系，所以这里是补充额外信息。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Overcome Social Anxiety
Do you get nervous when you are tasked to give a speech? Do you get sweaty and uncomfortable during interviews? Many people get nervous or self-conscious on occasion, but social anxiety is more than just shyness or occasional nerves.____16____In fact, it becomes so intense that you may go to great lengths to avoid situations that can trigger it. Here are some self-help strategies to help you overcome social anxiety.
Analyze the negative thoughts contributing to social anxiety. For example, when you are worried about an upcoming social gathering, identify the underlying negative thought like “I’ll seem boring”. Be objective and ask questions like “Do I know for sure that they will get bored with me?”____17____
Stop unhelpful thinking patterns that fuel your anxiety. One typical example is mind reading, which refers to assuming someone is thinking something negative about you.____18____It occurs when you describe yourself with just one word such as “stupid”, or “failure”. These patterns of thought prevent you from seeing things as they really are. By transforming your way of thinking, you can change how you feel for the better.
____19____When you are in a social situation, you tend to get caught up in your anxious thoughts. You are convincing yourself that all the people are looking at you, thus triggering even more anxiety! To overcome it, take time to appreciate what other people are doing. Do your best to engage with them and make a genuine connection.
Gather up your courage to face your fears. Avoidance will only keep your social anxiety disorder going. It prevents you from becoming more comfortable in social situations.____20____ Also, avoidance prevents you from doing things you’d like to do. The way out is to start with a situation that you can handle like talking to one office mate. Then you can gradually work your way up to more challenging situations.
A. Focus on other things instead of yourself.
B. To be exact, it is a slight fear of social situations.
C. Avoid thinking about what other people are thinking of you.
D. Labeling is another thinking trap you should avoid falling into.
E. The longer you escape a situation, the more frightening it becomes.
F. Figuring out the reasons for your anxiety helps lessen its negative impact.
G. If you have a social anxiety disorder, the stress of these situations is too much to handle.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. D 19. A 20. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述如何克服社交焦虑的方法。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Many people get nervous or self-conscious on occasion, but social anxiety is more than just shyness or occasional nerves.”（很多人有时会感到紧张或不安，但社交焦虑不仅仅是害羞或偶尔的紧张。）以及下文“In fact, it becomes so intense that you may go to great lengths to avoid situations that can trigger it. ”（事实上，它变得如此强烈，以至于你可能会竭尽全力避免可能引发它的情况。）可知，上文提到社交焦虑不仅仅是害羞和偶尔的紧张，下文提到社交焦虑导致的压力太大以至于人们会尽可能地避免相关的社交情境，因此中间应该涉及社会焦虑会导致巨大压力，G项“如果你患有社交焦虑症，这些情况下的压力太大，难以应对。”符合语境。故选G。
【17题详解】
根据前文“Analyze the negative thoughts contributing to social anxiety. ”（分析导致社交焦虑的负面想法。）可知，第二段的主题为分析导致社会焦虑的消极想法，有助于缓解焦虑。F项中的“Figuring out the reasons for your anxiety ”切合这一主题。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据前文“Stop unhelpful thinking patterns that fuel your anxiety. ”（停止助长焦虑的无益思维模式。）以及“One typical example is mind reading, which refers to assuming someone is thinking something negative about you.”（一个典型的例子是读心术，它指的是假设某人对你有负面的想法。）可知，接下来要用另个例子来解释助长焦虑的无益思维模式，D项“贴标签是你应该避免陷入的另一个思维陷阱。”符合语境。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据下文“When you are in a social situation, you tend to get caught up in your anxious thoughts. ”（当你处于社交场合时，你往往会陷入焦虑的想法中。）以及下文“You are convincing yourself that all the people are looking at you, thus triggering even more anxiety!”（你让自己相信所有的人都在看着你，从而引发了更多的焦虑！）可知，这段要围绕怎样不在社交场合中陷入焦虑的想法中，关键就是不要太多的关注你自己。A项“专注于其他事情而不是你自己。”符合语境。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Avoidance will only keep your social anxiety disorder going. It prevents you from becoming more comfortable in social situations.”（回避只会让你的社交焦虑症持续下去。它阻止你在社交场合变得更自在。）可知，逃避只会让人继续焦虑，无法适应社交场合。E项“你逃避一种情况的时间越长，它就变得越可怕。”符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
This pasta（意大利面食）is no ordinary pasta. When imprinted with grooves（沟、槽），it can ____21____into tubes, and other traditional shapes as it cooks. This new technique would ____22____ uncooked pastas to take up less space. That means it would need less ____23____
Pasta lovers “are very picky about the shapes of pasta and how they ____24____ with different sauces,” says Lining Yao. She studies the ____25____ of smart materials at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Penn. Flat pasta like spaghetti holds less sauce than twisty types like rotini. But those shapes come at a(n) ____26____ :bigger packages. For some ____27____ pasta, more than 60 percent of the package holds just air.
Yao and her colleagues ____28____ a series of grooves onto one side of each noodle. Then they cooked that pasta. The pasta ____29____ water as it cooked. But the liquid couldn’t go as fully into the grooved side. So that side became less expanded than the ______30______ side．That asymmetric（不对称的）expansion bent the ______31______ flat noodle into a curve（曲线）．By changing the arrangement of the grooves，the researchers ______32______ the final shape.
Yao and her colleagues reported their ______33______ in Science Advances.
The pasta ______34______ good camping food, Yao says. A member of her team brought it along on a recent hiking trip. The pasta slips easily into a small pack. But it cooks into a(n) ______35______ shape.
21. A. change B. move C. split D. rise
22. A. force B. allow C. forbid D. expect
23. A. fuel B. packaging C. air D. energy
24. A. begin B. meet C. deal D. pair
25. A. color B. taste C. design D. length
26. A. risk B. cost C. advantage D. convenience
27. A. raw B. cooked C. curly D. delicious
28. A. found B. printed C. removed D. ignored
29. A. absorbed B. released C. created D. wasted
30. A. dark B. curve C. rough D. smooth
31. A. beautifully B. previously C. extremely D. slightly
32. A. evaluated B. understood C. controlled D. dismissed
33. A. research B. story C. event D. effort
34. A. tests B. suits C. makes D. requires
35. A. strange B. unique C. attractive D. satisfying
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【分析】本篇为说明文。介绍了一种新型意面，它由智能材料制作而成，运输时能节省包装空间，但烹饪时又能呈现出不同的形状。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当印记上沟槽时，它可以在烹饪过程中变成管状和其他传统形状。A. change 改变；B. move 移动；C. split分裂，分开； D. rise上升。根据下文“other traditional shapes as it cooks”，可知，此处指可以“改变”其形状。故选A。
22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项新技术将使生意大利面占用更少的空间。 A. force 强迫；B. allow 允许；C. forbid 禁止；D. expect期盼。根据空后的“uncooked pastas to take up less space”，可知此处指“允许”生面条占用更少空间。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这意味着它需要更少的包装。A. fuel燃料；B. packaging 包装；C. air 空气；D. energy 精力。根据前文“uncooked pastas to take up less space”，可知，此处与意大利面的“包装”有关。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：爱吃意面的人“对意面的形状以及搭配不同酱料的方式非常挑剔，”姚林宁说。A. begin开始；B. meet 遇见；C. deal应对；D. pair使成对。此处pair意为意面与不同酱汁的“搭配”程度。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡市的卡耐基梅隆大学学习智能材料设计。A. color 颜色；B. taste品味；C. design 设计；D. length长度。根据下文“Flat pasta like spaghetti holds less sauce than twisty types like rotini.”可知，此处指意大利面的“设计”，与文章话题一致。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这一切都是有代价的:更大的包装。A. risk冒险；B. cost费用；C. advantage 优势；D. convenience方便。根据空后的“bigger packages”，可知，此处指付出“代价”。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于一些卷曲的意大利面来说，包装中超过60%的部分都是空气。A. raw 生的，未加工的；B. cooked 煮熟的；C. curly卷取的；D. delicious美味的。根据该句后半段的意思可知：占据包装空间百分之六十以上的都是空气，可反推这种意面是“弯曲的”或“螺旋形的”，比较占用空间。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：姚和她的同事们在每根面条的一侧都印上了一系列凹槽。A. found发现；B. printed印刷；C. removed 排除，去掉；D. ignored忽视。根据空后“a series of grooves onto one side of each noodle.”可知，在制作过程中，给意面“印上”一系列的沟槽。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：意大利面在煮时吸收了水分。A. absorbed吸引；B. released释放；C. created创造；D. wasted浪费。根据下文“But the liquid couldn’t go as fully into the grooved side.”可知，在烹饪过程中，意面“吸收”水分。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以这一边比光滑的一边扩张得少。A. dark黑暗的；B. curve弯曲的；C. rough 粗糙的，不平的；D. smooth光滑的。根据空前的“But the liquid couldn’t go as fully into the grooved side. So that side became less expanded”，可知此处指未印上沟槽的那一面，即“光滑的”一面。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种不对称的膨胀使原先平坦的面条弯曲成曲线。A. beautifully优美地；B. previously以前地；C. extremely极其，非常；D. slightly轻微地。根据空后“flat noodle into a curve（曲线）”，可知，此处指“在烹饪之前”的面条是平的。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过改变凹槽的排列，研究人员控制了最终的形状。A. evaluated评估；B. understood明白，理解；C. controlled控制；D. dismissed开除，解散。根据该句前半句“By changing the arrangement of the grooves”，可知，研究者们通过改变意面上的沟槽的位置或大小，以实现“控制”意面最终形状的目的。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：姚和她的同事在《科学进展》杂志上发表了他们的研究。A. research研究；B. story 故事；C. event事件；D. effort努力。根据空后的“in Science Advances”，可知，此处指的是Yao和她的同事的关于新型意面的“研究”。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：姚说，意大利面是很好的野营食物。A. tests 测试；B. suits使适合；C. makes 制造；D. requires需要。根据空后“good camping food, Yao says. A member of her team brought it along on a recent hiking trip. The pasta slips easily into a small pack.”可知，此处指“制成”野营食品。makes意为“是”或“成为”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它煮成一个令人满意的形状。A. strange奇怪的；B. unique独一无二的；C. attractive有吸引力的；D. satisfying令人满意的。根据空前“A member of her team brought it along on a recent hiking trip. The pasta slips easily into a small pack.”，可知，此处照应前文提到的意面的包装空间的问题，说明意面是“让人满意的”。故选D。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The first woman____36____(assign) to work on China’s new space station will be aboard when the Shenzhou-13 spacecraft blasts off early Saturday local time, in____37____is set to be a landmark moment for female astronauts and the country’s rapidly expanding space program.
Wang Yaping, 41, is part of____38____three-member team heading for the Tiangong—or Heavenly Palace-space station, where she____39____(expect) to become the first Chinese woman to conduct a spacewalk.
China’s aim____40____(complete) the station and have it fully crewed before December 2022 is an ambitious target and it is____41____(true) on course. Last month, three other Chinese astronauts successfully completed a three-month stay____42____board, during which they conducted two spacewalks to install equipment.
This time, Wang’s team will stay for 183 days—____43____ (long) period in space by Chinese astronauts in history. She____44____(accompany) by mission commander Zhai Zhigang, 55, and Ye Guangfu, 41. Their spacecraft is scheduled to take off from the Gobi Desert in northwest China at 12: 23 a.m. Beijing time on Saturday. Preparations for_____45_____(they) stay have been long in the making. Last month, a cargo vessel delivered 6 metric tons of food, water, oxygen bottles, spacesuits and other necessities to the station.
【答案】36. assigned
37. what 38. a
39. is expected
40. to complete
41. truly 42. on
43. the longest
44. will be accompanied
45. their
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了神舟13号宇宙飞船即将发射升空，中国的第一位女性工作人员将登上太空。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：当地时间周六凌晨，神舟13号宇宙飞船发射升空时，中国新空间站的第一位女性工作人员将登船，这对女性宇航员和中国迅速扩大的太空计划来说将是一个里程碑式的时刻。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词“will be aboard”且句中无连词，空格处应用非谓语动词，“assign”意为“布置（工作，任务等）”，动词词性，“woman”与“assign”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，空格处应用“assign”的过去分词“assigned”作后置定语。故填assigned。
【37题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：当地时间周六凌晨，神舟13号宇宙飞船发射升空时，中国新空间站的第一位女性工作人员将登船，这对女性宇航员和中国迅速扩大的太空计划来说将是一个里程碑式的时刻。分析句子可知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，作介词“in”的宾语，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的时间”，应用“what”引导从句。故填what。
【38题详解】
考查冠词。句意：41岁的王亚平是前往天宫空间站的三人小组的一员，她有望成为第一位进行太空行走的中国女性。根据句意可知，句中泛指一个三人小组，空格处应用不定冠词，“three”单词音标的第一个音素为辅音音素，应用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。
【39题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：41岁的王亚平是前往天宫空间站的三人小组的一员，她有望成为第一位进行太空行走的中国女性。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“expect”意为“期待，预计”，动词词性，“she”与“expect”之间为被动关系，句子应用一般现在时的被动语态，“she”与“is”连用，“expect”的过去分词为“expected”，“be expected to do”意为“有望做某事”。故填is expected。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的目标是在2022年12月之前完成空间站并使其完全载人，这是一个雄心勃勃的目标，而且它确实在进行中。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“is”，空格处应用非谓语动词，“aim”为抽象名词，后用不定式作后置定语，表示将来的动作，“complete”意为“完成”，动词词性，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填to complete。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：中国的目标是在2022年12月之前完成空间站并使其完全载人，这是一个雄心勃勃的目标，而且它确实在进行中。分析句子可知，“on course”意为“在规定的过程中”，前面应用副词修饰，“true”意为“确实的”，形容词词性，对应的副词为“truly”，意为“确实”。故填truly。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：上个月，另外三名中国宇航员成功地完成了在宇宙飞船上的三个月停留，其间他们进行了两次太空行走以安装设备。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“on board”，意为“在火车（或轮船，飞机）上”，句中指在宇宙飞船上，空格处用介词“on”。故填on。
【43题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这一次，王的团队将停留183天，这是历史上中国宇航员在太空停留时间最长的一次。分析句子可知，“period”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，结合生活常识和句中“in history”可知，183天是历史上中国宇航员在太空停留时间最长的一次，句子应用形容词的最高级，“long”的最高级为“longest”，前面用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the longest。
【44题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：她将由55岁的任务指挥官翟志刚和41岁的叶光富陪同。根据句意和上文“will stay”可知，句子陈述的是将来发生的事，应用一般将来时，“accompany”意为“陪同”，动词词性，“She”与“accompany”之间为被动关系，句子应用一般将来时的被动语态，谓语动词用“will be done”，“accompany”的过去分词为“accompanied”。故填will be accompanied。
【45题详解】
考查代词。句意：他们逗留的准备工作已经进行了很长时间。分析句子可知，“stay”意为“停留，逗留”，名词词性，前面应用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they”为人称代词主格，对应的形容词性物主代词为“their”。故填their。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你们英语俱乐部计划录制一个向在渝外国人介绍重庆传统文化的视频。请你写一封邮件给你的外教Ernie咨询，向他了解哪些重庆的传统文化吸引在渝外国友人。
邮件内容包括：1．写信事由；
2．征求意见；
3．表示感谢。
注意：1．写作词数应为80词左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ernie,
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Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文
Dear Ernie
How is it going? I am very excited that a video about the traditional culture of Chongqing is scheduled to be shot by our English Club, so I’m writing to consult you about your idea.
With unique geographical features Chongqing has earned a reputation as an amazing 5-dimensional magic metropolis, attracting thousands of tourists at home and abroad. I believe it is our duty to offer quality materials to better introduce the highlights of Chongqing. We consider the topics like the Dragon of Tongliang, Dazu Rock Carvings, the rise and fall of Bangbang and so forth. I wonder if you have some other things in mind.
I would appreciate it if you could share with us what foreigners are interested in about the conventions of Chongqing. Look forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求假定你是李华，你们英语俱乐部计划录制一个向在渝外国人介绍重庆传统文化的视频。请你写一封邮件给你的外教Ernie咨询，向他了解哪些重庆的传统文化吸引在渝外国友人。
【详解】1.词汇积累
激动的：excited→thrilled
计划做：be scheduled to do →plan to do
独特的：unique→particular
许多：thousands of→plenty of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With unique geographical features, Chongqing has earned a reputation as an amazing 5-dimensional magic metropolis, attracting thousands of tourists at home and abroad.
拓展句：With unique geographical features, Chongqing has earned a reputation as an amazing 5-dimensional magic metropolis, which attracts thousands of tourists at home and abroad.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I am very excited that a video about the traditional culture of Chongqing is scheduled to be shot by our English Club, so I’m writing to consult you about your idea. (运用了that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I wonder if you have some other things in mind.(运用了if引导宾语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Alvin Bamburg, 66, was deep in the woods in Grand Cane, Louisiana, last December when something caught his eye. Twisted in a fallen tree, it looked like litter. As Alvin approached, he saw that the object was a broken balloon. Attached was a piece of paper decorated with sparkly star stickers. It was a child’s Christmas wish list.
“Dear Santa,” the handwritten note read. “My name is Luna. I am four years old. I live in Liberal, Kansas. This year I have been nice. I would like candy, Spider-Man ball, Frozen doll, puppy. With love, Luna.”
Alvin’s heart hammered in his chest. Ever since he was a child, he had dreamed of this very scenario（场景）.He believed this was his childhood wish coming true. And he decided to make Luna＇s wish come true too. Given the distance of more than 650 miles from Grand Cane to Liberal, Alvin followed the advice from his wife, Lee Ann Bamburg, and posted a photo of the balloon and the Christmas list on his Facebook page, asking for help locating the sender.
Meanwhile Leticia Flores-Gonzalez, the mother of four-year-old Luna and her twin sister, Gianella, had no idea that such an effort was underway. It had been a hard year for Leticia and her girls. As COVID-19 spread, the family felt lonely, scared, and isolated, with no relatives living nearby.
On a particularly tough day last December, Leticia had come up with the idea of having the girls send letters to Santa by balloon. She told them that Santa would grab the balloons while he flew through the air on his sled. The twins were excited. Leticia helped them write down all the things that they dreamed Santa might bring them, and put the notes into Christmas red balloons. Then she took them outside to release their wishes to the universe on the chilly windy morning.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
One day in January, a friend called Leticia and said, “Someone found Luna’s balloon.”
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In April, Alvin and his wife made a trip to meet the girls.
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【答案】参考范文
One day in January, a friend called Leticia and said, “Someone found Luna’s balloon.” Her jaw dropped. At her friends urging, Leticia logged on to Facebook and saw Alvin’s post. Then she saw that people from all over were asking if they, too, could be part of fulfilling the wish list. Leticia was deeply touched and gave Alvin a call. When Alvin told her how much it would mean to him to grant the girls’ wishes, she agreed to let him bring them some gifts. Back in Louisiana, Alvin got busy collecting toys from his newfound Facebook community.
In April, Alvin and his wife made a trip to meet the girls. That morning, just as chilly and windy as the day Luna and Gianella waved goodbye to their balloons, Alvin got out of the car in front of their house. He presented all the gifts to the twins, including a puppy. The girls cried with delight. Later, both families sat down together to share homemade breakfast. They all felt as if they had known each other forever. Having received so much generosity, Leticia and her girls expressed their gratitude and intended to pay it forward.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在树林深处遇到了一只破气球，气球上面附有一个4岁小女孩的圣诞节礼物清单，作者为了帮助这个小女孩就在Facebook上面发布了这个清单和气球的照片，后来作者帮助小女孩实现了愿望。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“一月的一天，一位朋友给莱蒂西亚打电话说：有人发现了卢娜的气球。”可知，第一段可描写作者和朋友发现小女孩的圣诞节礼物清单的过程，以及他们为小女孩准备礼物的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“四月，阿尔文和他的妻子去见了女孩们。”可知，第二段可描写作者和妻子一起去给小女孩送圣诞节礼物，以及小女孩的惊喜和感动。
2.续写线索：发现气球——回忆——发布照片——找到主人——准备礼物——送礼物
3.词汇激活
行为类
实现梦想：fulfill the wish /realize the wish /make the wish come true
赠送礼物：bring gifts/send gifts/present gifts
参与做某事：be part of /participate in /take part in
情绪类
被深深感动：be deeply touched/ be deeply moved/ be deeply affected
表达感谢：express gratitude/ express thanks/ express appreciation
【点睛】【高分句型1】Then she saw that people from all over were asking if they, too, could be part of fulfilling the wish list.（运用了if 引导宾语从句）
【高分句型2】They all felt as if they had known each other forever.（运用了as if引导的表语从句）
听力答案：1~5 ABCCB 6~10 BCBAA 11~15 BACBA 16~20 BACCA