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高中外研版 (2019)Unit 6 Nature in words单元测试课时作业
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这是一份高中外研版 (2019)Unit 6 Nature in words单元测试课时作业，共13页。试卷主要包含了5分, 满分37，CACDA; 6-10等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Unit 6 Nature in the words B卷 能力提升
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分）
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Seeing a volcano erupt is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua, giving travellers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.
Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with many colourful houses along its old streets that are turned into artworks during its Holy Week festival. But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2,552 metres high and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forward and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the sounds of eruptions high above. Smoke and hot remains of recent eruptions begin to appear on the path as you near the active summit: the McKenney Cone(火山锥). Just as though you are going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the safety of the old, inactive summit.
Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for the sunset and the full scene of the erupting red lava in the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is really exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you are upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night, the burning lava quietly falls down the sides of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down, but I am sure the powerful forces of nature will attract you and you would like to come to see it again.
1.What does the underlined word "summit" in the first paragraph mean?
A.Remained, cooled rocks along the path. B.Loud sounds and terrible smell in the air.
C.The most exciting happening in a place. D.The top point of a mountain or hill.
2.Many tours are timed for people to _________.
A.get down the mountain in time when night falls
B.avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone
C.enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky
D.appreciate the beauty of the 2 ,552-metre-high mountain
3.What is the main purpose of this passage?
A.To have more tourists come to Pacaya. B.To describe the beauty of Pacaya.
C.To introduce guided tours to Pacaya. D.To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.
B
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb (麻木的) to new stimulation (刺激) and new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began to complain about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession (痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed for a distant campground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, or to take a moment to see what's around them. I asked them what they'd seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the prospects, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
1.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher's advice.
D. To admit mistakes honestly.
2.The bird watchers' behavior shows that they ______.
A. are very patient in their observation
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds
D. question the accuracy of the field guides
3.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroun dings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn't charming to them.
B. They focus on arriving at the campground in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
4.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should ______.
A. use our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C. open our mind to new things and ideas
D. try our best to protect nature
C
It is a question that has long puzzled scientists—why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious—particularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem known by generations of schoolchildren: "Tyger, tyger, burning bright/ In the forest of the night." But now the answer is at hand.
While obvious to us, computer simulations(模拟) of what the big cats look like to the main animals they hunt for, deer, show a different picture. Humans with normal color vision, can see red, blue and green colors. But deer can only pick up blue and green light. They are effectively color-blind to the color red, like some humans. It means the tigers' orange coloration looks green to them, allowing them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.
Dr. John Fennell at the University of Bristol and his colleagues said that they used computers to estimate how noticeable a given animal was. They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and then creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in.
Dr. Fennell writes that by simulating what the world looks like to animals who are "two-color vision"—someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green—"we also identify the most suitable colors for hiding and visibility".
Dr. Fennell writes in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface: "Considering the coat of a tiger, it has fur that appears, orange to a three-color vision observer rather than some shade of green, though the latter should be a more appropriate color for an attack hunter in forests. However, when viewed by a two-color vision observer, the tiger's color is very effective."
The question then arises as to why tigers don't grow green coats. Dr. Fennell and his colleagues write that mammals are not able to produce green fur. To do so would "require a significant change of mammalian biochemistry". There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.
1. Why does the author mention the poem in Paragraph 1?
A. To arouse reader's interest in poems.
B. To show the author's respect to the poet.
C. To answer the question of the color of the tiger.
D. To stress the noticeable color of the tiger to us.
2. What color is inexistent in the eyes of deer?
A. Black. B. Red. C. Blue. D. Green.
3. What does the underlined word "camouflage" mean according to the text?
A. The cover of something. B. The way of hiding something.
C. The images of something. D. The way of hunting for something.
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The color of tigers sometimes cheats people.
B. Getting green may prevent tigers from being extinct.
C. There are no mammals with real green fur in the world.
D. The tigers' fur will probably evolve into green in the future.
D
Blue whales, the earth's largest animals, call to others of their kind, though exactly what these cries communicate remains a mystery. But these sounds have begun evolving (逐渐演变). Since at least the 1960s, the pitch (音高) of Antarctic blue whales has downshifted. Scientists have theories as to why: all involving humans.
The deepening of their sounds is not unique. Many blue whales around the world have also dropped their pitch. In the study last year that analyzed more than 1 million individual recordings of whale calls, pitch shifts were found across the species, and among populations (种群) that don't necessarily interact with one another. This is to say, whatever has caused the change doesn't seem to have a specific geographic origin.
The underwater noises caused by ocean traffic and at-sea industries might seem likely criminals. However, scientists have identified lowered pitch even across populations of whales that live in seas without major shipping routes.
One possible explanation for the change is the achievements of global conservation efforts. As their populations grow, the whales may have decreased their volume because they are more likely to be communicating over short distances.
Last year's study of whale calls also suggests a threatening reason for the drop in pitch, however. Perhaps whales don't need to be so loud because sound waves travel farther in oceans made acidic by the absorption of carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, meanwhile, may also indirectly influence whale voices in other ways. A recent study shows that, during the summer, the whales must use their top volume to make themselves heard in the cracking ice — a natural sound increased by unnatural processes, as rising temperatures worsen ice-melt. So the impacts of a warming planet may modulate animal sounds even in remote places.
1.To what extent does whales' pitch drop?
A.Across the species. B.In the Antarctic Ocean.
C.Among some populations. D.Within one million individual recordings.
2.What causes the evolving of whales' pitch according to the text?
A.Less communication and more threat. B.Protection efforts and acidic sea water.
C.Sharp decrease of whales' populations. D.Underwater noises by ships and industries.
3.What does the underlined word "modulate" mean in the last paragraph?
A.Produce. B.Damage. C.Balance. D.Change.
4.What can we infer from the text?
A.Man is the soul of nature. B.Man and nature are in one.
C.Nature pardons no mistakes. D.Nature has the final say over man.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If your family is thinking of getting a pet, consider adopting from an animal shelter, where all animals are in need of loving homes. ①_____ Here are some tips for you to find great animals.
Make some decisions.
Think about what you want in a pet and remember that all pets have different personalities. Cats tend to be more independent, but kittens need lots of attention. ②_____ However, they are usually great companions and love to spend time with their family.
Visit the shelter.
③_____ Remember that you may need to visit more than one shelter, or you may need to make more than one visit. Try to bring along everyone who will be living with the new pet. Ask the shelter staff lots of questions. And never adopt an animal because you feel sorry for it—be patient so you can find a pet that is truly a good match for your family.
④_____
Buy all necessary supplies and food well before the animal comes home. Make sure that the entire household is in agreement about rules and responsibilities—will the dog be allowed on the couch? Who will clean the litter box? Put these in writing before the pet arrives.
Bring your new friend home!
You'll probably be excited when your new pet arrives, but be sure to give it space and time to get adjusted to a new home and a new family. ⑤_____ Interact with your pet a lot and get it used to a routine, and soon you'll be one big happy family!
A. Get everything ready.
B. Put away the garbage cans.
C. Dogs need to be walked at least twice a day.
D. Both cats and dogs are human's good partners.
E. The pet may act differently once it leaves the shelter.
F. Set aside at least a few hours to visit shelters in your area.
G. Some may come with emotional or behavioral issues, but most are happy, healthy, and ready for a loving home.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节,满分30分）
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice
2.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge
3.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward
4.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage
5.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise
6.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted
7.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust
8.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter
9.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance
10.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed
11.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding
12.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial
13.A.back B.top C.foot D.side
14.A.cool down B.keep off C.purify D.collect
15.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Silent Spring
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962. Carson wrote the book ①_____ (aim) to alert people to the damaging effects of human activities ②_____ natural ecosystems. And she wished to see pesticides ③_____ (use) in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. The book contained a lot of scientific information, research, examples and so on, ④_____ showed how precise she was as a scientist. The arguments were strong and the language was ⑤_____ (elegance) and influential. However, the book was not received positively by everyone. It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry, who said that Carson's research was not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television ⑥_____ (defend) her claims.
Carson's message was ⑦_____ (alarm) and its influence was immediate and far-reaching. The use of DDT ⑧_____ (ban) and the EPA was established in the US. The book was considered as ⑨_____ milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. Carson earned a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people's ⑩_____ (aware) of protecting natural ecosystem.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分）
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Terry所在的学校要举行选拔北京大学交换生的汉语演讲比赛, 请你给他写封电子邮件, 劝说他参赛, 内容包括:
1.陈述理由;
2.提出建议;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Terry, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last year at Christmas time, my wife, three children and I were on our way from Paris to Nice. Somehow everything went wrong. Our hotels were "tourist traps" and our rented car broke down. On Christmas Eve, when we checked into a dirty hotel in Nice, there was no Christmas spirit in our hearts.
It was raining and cold when we went out to eat. We found a small restaurant poorly decorated for the holiday. Only five tables in the restaurant were taken. There were two German couples, two French families, and an American sailor, by himself. They were eating in stony silence except the sailor. The sailor was writing a letter, and a half-smile lighted his face. In the comer a piano player was listlessly (无精打采地) playing Christmas music.
All of us were interrupted by an old French flower woman through the front door. She had a worn overcoat and her old shoes were wet. Carrying her basket of flowers, she went from one table to another. No one bought any. Exhausted and frustrated, she sat down at a table.
The sailor finished his meal and got up to leave. Putting on his coat, he walked over to the flower woman's table.
"Merry Christmas." he said, smiling and picking out a handful of flowers. "How much are they?"
"Two francs, sir."
The sailor put a twenty franc note in the woman's hand.
"I don't have change, sir," she said. "I'll get some from the waiter."
"No, ma'am," said the sailor, leaning over and kissing the ancient cheek. "This is my Christmas present for you."
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Then the sailor headed for our table with the flowers in his hand. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The piano player came alive and pleasant music filled the whole room. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3.DCA
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"you can... summit of Pacaya for a close-up view"以及第二段中的"it is 2,552 metres high and reaching the summit takes two to three hours"可推断,summit是山顶的意思。故选D。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for the sunset and the full scene of the erupting red lava in the darkening sky"可知,很多游览是在安排好的时间内进行的,以便于游客可以看到熔岩在黑暗的天空下喷发的全景。故选C。
3.考查目的意图。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了在Pacaya观看火山喷发的难忘经历,以及专门为游客前来观看而安排的游览项目,以吸引更多游客前去参观。故选A。
B.答案：1-4 ACBA
解析：1. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.（唤醒感官的第一步是在它发生之前停止预测我们将要看到和感觉到的东西。）可知，作者认为在事情发生前避免过早下结论。与A项"避免匆忙下结论"意思相近。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.（他们不再注意这只鸟，也从来不知道它在干什么。）可知，这些观鸟者只是匆匆记下这些鸟的名字，而没有观察它们在做什么。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中I encountered many hikers who were headed for a distant campground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, or to take a moment to see what's around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关注及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the prospects, sounds and sensations.可知，作者希望我们能够运用我们的感官去感受自然的美妙。故选A项。
C.答案：1-4 DBCC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious—particularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem”可知，有人认为，老虎的颜色是橙色的是为了显眼，尤其是在绿色的背景下。威廉•布莱克把这一点写进了诗歌。由此可推知，作者在第一段提及这个诗歌的目的是强调老虎的颜色很显眼。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But deer can only pick up blue and green light. They are effectively color-blind to the color red, like some humans.”可知，鹿只能识别蓝光和绿光，它们像有些人类一样是红色色盲。因此，在鹿的眼中，红色是不存在的。故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的helps the animal to mix如可推知，画线词所在句表示，他们利用动物生活的环境创造出形象来看保护色是否能够帮助动物融入其中。由此可知， camouflage应意为“隐藏的方式”，故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的mammals are not able to produce green fur以及该段最后一句可知，世界上没有真正长有绿毛的哺乳动物。故选C项。
D.答案：1-4.ABDB
解析：1.考查细节理解。 由第二段中的"In the study last year... don't necessarily interact with one another"可知,去年一项分析了超过一百万条鲸鱼叫声录音的研究发现,音调变化现象遍及整个物种中,也存在于那些之间并没有必要沟通的种群中。故选A。
2.考查细节理解。由第四段中的"One possible explanation... global conservation efforts"和第五段中的"Perhaps whales don't need... by the absorption of carbon dioxide"可知,全球保护行动以及酸性海水是鲸鱼声调变化的两个原因。故选B。
3.考查词义猜测。文章主要讲述了鲸鱼叫声音调改变的几个原因。 最后一段讲了全球变暖导致冰融化同样也是动物声调变化的原因。由此可推断modulate是改变的意思。故选D。
4.考查推理判断。文章讲述了鲸鱼叫声音调改变的几个原因,而所有的原因均与人类有关,不管是人类的保护行动,还是人类活动导致的全球变暖对动物均有影响。因此人类和自然并非是相互独立的,而是相互依存的。故选B。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ GCFAE
解析：①根据上文"If your family is thinking of getting a pet, consider adopting from an animal shelter, where all animals are in need of loving homes." 可知, 如果你家想要养宠物, 可以考虑从动物收容所领养, 那里所有的动物都需要温暖的家; 根据下文"Here are some tips for you to find great animals." 可知, 这里有一些建议可以帮助你找到极好的动物。本空承上启下, G项(有些可能会有情绪或行为上的问题, 但大多数都是快乐、健康的, 并准备好加人一个充满爱的家)切题。
②根据上文"Think about what you want in a pet and remember that all pets have different personalities." 可知, 想想你想从宠物身上得到什么, 记住所有的宠物都有不同的个性。后面列举了猫的例子"Cats tend to be more independent, but kittens need lots of attention.(猫往往更独立, 但小猫需要更多的关注)", 可推测下文接下来会列举其他宠物的例子, C项(每天至少要遛狗两次)切题。
③根据下文"Remember that you may need to visit more than one shelter, or you may need to make more than one visit." 可知, 可能需要拜访不止一个动物收容所, 或者可能需要拜访不止一次。该空引出下文, F项(留出至少几个小时拜访你所在地区的收容所)切题。
④本段意为:在动物回家之前, 购买所有必要的供应品和食物。确保整个家庭在规则和责任上达成一致——允许狗躺在沙发上吗? 谁来打扫垃圾箱? 在宠物到来之前把它写下来。由此可知, 这一段主要讲了把一切准备好, 故选A。
⑤根据上文"You'll probably be excited when your new pet arrives, but be sure to give it space and time to get adjusted to a new home and a new family. "可知, 当你的新宠物到来的时候, 你可能会很兴奋, 但是一定要给它空间和时间来适应一个新家和一个新的家庭; 根据下文"Interact with your pet a lot and get it used to a routine, and soon you'll be one big happy family!"可知, 经常和你的宠物互动, 让它习惯于日常生活, 很快你们就会成为一个快乐的大家庭! E项(宠物一旦离开收容所, 行为可能会有所不同)切题。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5.CACDA; 6-10.BBDCB; 11-15.CABDD
解析：1.文章首句提到Molai在一个小村庄长大,结合语境可知,此处表示一些湿地变成了他的第二个家(home)。
2.根据上文提到的湿地和下文讲述的Molai为保护动物而种树可知,这里指的是在很小的年纪,他就知道了自然(nature)的重要性和美丽。
3.根据下文表述的洪水发生了,鸟和蛇的数量都减少了可知,这里指的是他家周围发生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。
4.根据语境和空后的"it caused"可知,这里指的是洪水带来的破坏(damage)。
5.空前提到鸟的数量减少了,空后提到蛇的数量也减少了,故此处用Besides(此外)。
6.根据语境可知,这里指的是他意识到(realized)这是因为没有足够的树。
7.根据下句中的"during the daytime"并结合常识可知,这里指的是没有足够的树去保护这些动物免受热(heat)的伤害。
8.根据空前的"plant trees"及语境可知,解决方法是种树,以便于这些动物在白天可以寻求到庇护(shelter)。
9.根据上文提到的解决方法是种树以及下文中的"for help but was told that nothing would grow there"可知,他向林业部门求助。forest"林区,森林"符合语境。
10.根据空前的"Molai went looking on his own"以及空后的"a nearby island where he began to plant trees"可知,此处表示他发现了(discovered)一个附近的岛屿。
11.根据下文中的"The water would then drip(滴落) on the plant below"及语境可知,这里指的是在旱季给小树浇水,故用Watering。
12.根据空后的"for a lone boy"可知,对这个男孩来说,独自一个人在旱季给小树浇水是艰难的(tough)。
13.根据下文中的"The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below"可知,他是在每棵幼树的顶部(top)搭建竹台。
14.根据空前的"where he placed earthen pots with small holes"和空后的"rainwater"以及"The water"可知,这里指用陶罐收集(collect)雨水。
15.根据空后的"to plant trees for the next 37 years"以及下文可知,他是在接下来的37年中继续(continued)种树。
第二节
答案：①aiming ②on ③used ④which ⑤elegant ⑥to defend ⑦alarming ⑧was banned ⑨a ⑩awareness
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：卡森写这本书旨在使人们意识到人类的活动对于自然生态系统的破坏性影响。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词，the book与aim之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词，故填aiming。
②考查介词。the effects on... 对……的影响。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：她希望看到杀虫剂以一种更负责任的、有限的并且仔细监控的方式被使用。根据句意可知，设空处应用过去分词作宾语补足语，see sth. done"看到某事被做"，故填used。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这本书包含了大量的科学信息、研究和实例等，这表明她作为一名科学家是多么一丝不苟。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代前面整个主句，故填which。
⑤考查词性转换。句意：论据是强有力的，语言优雅而有影响力。结合句意可知，设空处应用形容词，与influential并列，故填elegant"优雅的"。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：卡森出现在公众场合和电视上，为自己的主张辩护。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to defend。
⑦考查词性转换。句意：卡森的信息令人惊恐，其影响是直接和深远的。根据句意可知，设空处应用形容词作表语，故填alarming。
⑧考查动词的时态和语态。句意：DDT的使用被禁止，EPA在美国被建立。分析句子结构可知，设空处在前一个分句中充当谓语，由句意以及后面的was established可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was banned。
⑨考查冠词。句意：这本书被认为是西方世界发起的绿色运动的一个里程碑。分析句子结构且结合句意可知，设空处应用不定冠词表泛指，意为"一个"，且milestone为辅音音素开头的单词，故填不定冠词a。
⑩考查词性转换。句意：这本书通过提高人们对保护自然生态系统的意识而改变了世界。分析句子结构可知，所有格people's后应用名词，故填awareness"意识"。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：One possible version:
Dear Terry,
Knowing that a Chinese speaking contest for selecting exchange students to Peking University will be held in your school, I hope you will take part in it.
It is a great opportunity to improve your Chinese and experience splendid Chinese culture. My advice is that you practice speaking Chinese hard to enhance fluency. Besides, your speech will be more impressive if it includes some classic poems or historical stories.
Wish you every success in this competition.
Yours sincerely,
LiHua
第二节
答案：One possible version:
Then the sailor headed for our table with the flowers in his hand. He picked out a red flower and placed it on our table. "Merry Christmas!" he greeted us in a cheerful voice. Before we could say "Thank you", he went to other tables. In an instant, everyone in the room was presented with flowers, including the waiter and the piano player. In the bright light, the flowers were glowing in full bloom. These magical flowers melted our frustrated hearts and blew away all the unpleasant moods.
The piano player came alive and pleasant music filled the whole room. A festival atmosphere drowned all of us. We merrily danced to the joyful music, singing, laughing and wishing each other good luck. The old flower woman also joined us, unable to conceal her excitement and gratitude. The spirit of Christmas came back to us again. It brought all of us together in this small restaurant on a foreign land. All this was due to a young American sailor, who, through his kindness and generosity, brightened our paths.
Unit 6 Nature in the words B卷 能力提升
本试卷满分120分,考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分）
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Seeing a volcano erupt is a wonderful experience, and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit of Pacaya for a close-up view. There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua, giving travellers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.
Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua, a beautiful city with many colourful houses along its old streets that are turned into artworks during its Holy Week festival. But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2,552 metres high and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly one-step-forward and two-step-back movements. As you climb, you hear the sounds of eruptions high above. Smoke and hot remains of recent eruptions begin to appear on the path as you near the active summit: the McKenney Cone(火山锥). Just as though you are going to walk over to the edge of the cone, the road turns to the left and up to the safety of the old, inactive summit.
Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for the sunset and the full scene of the erupting red lava in the darkening sky. On a good day the view from the summit is really exciting. The active mouth boils, sending red lava over its sides, and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the air. There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you are upwind of the cone. As evening turns deeper into the night, the burning lava quietly falls down the sides of the volcano. For you, too, it is time to get down, but I am sure the powerful forces of nature will attract you and you would like to come to see it again.
1.What does the underlined word "summit" in the first paragraph mean?
A.Remained, cooled rocks along the path. B.Loud sounds and terrible smell in the air.
C.The most exciting happening in a place. D.The top point of a mountain or hill.
2.Many tours are timed for people to _________.
A.get down the mountain in time when night falls
B.avoid the smell from the upwind direction of the cone
C.enjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening sky
D.appreciate the beauty of the 2 ,552-metre-high mountain
3.What is the main purpose of this passage?
A.To have more tourists come to Pacaya. B.To describe the beauty of Pacaya.
C.To introduce guided tours to Pacaya. D.To explain the power of nature at Pacaya.
B
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb (麻木的) to new stimulation (刺激) and new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began to complain about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession (痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed for a distant campground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, or to take a moment to see what's around them. I asked them what they'd seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the prospects, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
1.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A. To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B. To stop complaining all the time.
C. To follow the teacher's advice.
D. To admit mistakes honestly.
2.The bird watchers' behavior shows that they ______.
A. are very patient in their observation
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care only about the names of birds
D. question the accuracy of the field guides
3.Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroun dings during the journey?
A. The natural beauty isn't charming to them.
B. They focus on arriving at the campground in time.
C. The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D. They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
4.In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should ______.
A. use our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B. get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C. open our mind to new things and ideas
D. try our best to protect nature
C
It is a question that has long puzzled scientists—why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious—particularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem known by generations of schoolchildren: "Tyger, tyger, burning bright/ In the forest of the night." But now the answer is at hand.
While obvious to us, computer simulations(模拟) of what the big cats look like to the main animals they hunt for, deer, show a different picture. Humans with normal color vision, can see red, blue and green colors. But deer can only pick up blue and green light. They are effectively color-blind to the color red, like some humans. It means the tigers' orange coloration looks green to them, allowing them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.
Dr. John Fennell at the University of Bristol and his colleagues said that they used computers to estimate how noticeable a given animal was. They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and then creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in.
Dr. Fennell writes that by simulating what the world looks like to animals who are "two-color vision"—someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green—"we also identify the most suitable colors for hiding and visibility".
Dr. Fennell writes in the Journal of the Royal Society Interface: "Considering the coat of a tiger, it has fur that appears, orange to a three-color vision observer rather than some shade of green, though the latter should be a more appropriate color for an attack hunter in forests. However, when viewed by a two-color vision observer, the tiger's color is very effective."
The question then arises as to why tigers don't grow green coats. Dr. Fennell and his colleagues write that mammals are not able to produce green fur. To do so would "require a significant change of mammalian biochemistry". There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.
1. Why does the author mention the poem in Paragraph 1?
A. To arouse reader's interest in poems.
B. To show the author's respect to the poet.
C. To answer the question of the color of the tiger.
D. To stress the noticeable color of the tiger to us.
2. What color is inexistent in the eyes of deer?
A. Black. B. Red. C. Blue. D. Green.
3. What does the underlined word "camouflage" mean according to the text?
A. The cover of something. B. The way of hiding something.
C. The images of something. D. The way of hunting for something.
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The color of tigers sometimes cheats people.
B. Getting green may prevent tigers from being extinct.
C. There are no mammals with real green fur in the world.
D. The tigers' fur will probably evolve into green in the future.
D
Blue whales, the earth's largest animals, call to others of their kind, though exactly what these cries communicate remains a mystery. But these sounds have begun evolving (逐渐演变). Since at least the 1960s, the pitch (音高) of Antarctic blue whales has downshifted. Scientists have theories as to why: all involving humans.
The deepening of their sounds is not unique. Many blue whales around the world have also dropped their pitch. In the study last year that analyzed more than 1 million individual recordings of whale calls, pitch shifts were found across the species, and among populations (种群) that don't necessarily interact with one another. This is to say, whatever has caused the change doesn't seem to have a specific geographic origin.
The underwater noises caused by ocean traffic and at-sea industries might seem likely criminals. However, scientists have identified lowered pitch even across populations of whales that live in seas without major shipping routes.
One possible explanation for the change is the achievements of global conservation efforts. As their populations grow, the whales may have decreased their volume because they are more likely to be communicating over short distances.
Last year's study of whale calls also suggests a threatening reason for the drop in pitch, however. Perhaps whales don't need to be so loud because sound waves travel farther in oceans made acidic by the absorption of carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, meanwhile, may also indirectly influence whale voices in other ways. A recent study shows that, during the summer, the whales must use their top volume to make themselves heard in the cracking ice — a natural sound increased by unnatural processes, as rising temperatures worsen ice-melt. So the impacts of a warming planet may modulate animal sounds even in remote places.
1.To what extent does whales' pitch drop?
A.Across the species. B.In the Antarctic Ocean.
C.Among some populations. D.Within one million individual recordings.
2.What causes the evolving of whales' pitch according to the text?
A.Less communication and more threat. B.Protection efforts and acidic sea water.
C.Sharp decrease of whales' populations. D.Underwater noises by ships and industries.
3.What does the underlined word "modulate" mean in the last paragraph?
A.Produce. B.Damage. C.Balance. D.Change.
4.What can we infer from the text?
A.Man is the soul of nature. B.Man and nature are in one.
C.Nature pardons no mistakes. D.Nature has the final say over man.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If your family is thinking of getting a pet, consider adopting from an animal shelter, where all animals are in need of loving homes. ①_____ Here are some tips for you to find great animals.
Make some decisions.
Think about what you want in a pet and remember that all pets have different personalities. Cats tend to be more independent, but kittens need lots of attention. ②_____ However, they are usually great companions and love to spend time with their family.
Visit the shelter.
③_____ Remember that you may need to visit more than one shelter, or you may need to make more than one visit. Try to bring along everyone who will be living with the new pet. Ask the shelter staff lots of questions. And never adopt an animal because you feel sorry for it—be patient so you can find a pet that is truly a good match for your family.
④_____
Buy all necessary supplies and food well before the animal comes home. Make sure that the entire household is in agreement about rules and responsibilities—will the dog be allowed on the couch? Who will clean the litter box? Put these in writing before the pet arrives.
Bring your new friend home!
You'll probably be excited when your new pet arrives, but be sure to give it space and time to get adjusted to a new home and a new family. ⑤_____ Interact with your pet a lot and get it used to a routine, and soon you'll be one big happy family!
A. Get everything ready.
B. Put away the garbage cans.
C. Dogs need to be walked at least twice a day.
D. Both cats and dogs are human's good partners.
E. The pet may act differently once it leaves the shelter.
F. Set aside at least a few hours to visit shelters in your area.
G. Some may come with emotional or behavioral issues, but most are happy, healthy, and ready for a loving home.
第二部分 语言运用 (共两节,满分30分）
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. 5 , the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren't enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the 9 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling (幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
1.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice
2.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge
3.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward
4.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage
5.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise
6.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted
7.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust
8.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter
9.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance
10.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed
11.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding
12.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial
13.A.back B.top C.foot D.side
14.A.cool down B.keep off C.purify D.collect
15.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Silent Spring
Silent Spring by Rachel Carson was published in 1962. Carson wrote the book ①_____ (aim) to alert people to the damaging effects of human activities ②_____ natural ecosystems. And she wished to see pesticides ③_____ (use) in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way. The book contained a lot of scientific information, research, examples and so on, ④_____ showed how precise she was as a scientist. The arguments were strong and the language was ⑤_____ (elegance) and influential. However, the book was not received positively by everyone. It quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry, who said that Carson's research was not precise. Carson appeared in public and on television ⑥_____ (defend) her claims.
Carson's message was ⑦_____ (alarm) and its influence was immediate and far-reaching. The use of DDT ⑧_____ (ban) and the EPA was established in the US. The book was considered as ⑨_____ milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world. Carson earned a Presidential Medal of Freedom after she passed away.
The book changed the world by increasing people's ⑩_____ (aware) of protecting natural ecosystem.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分）
第一节 (满分15分)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Terry所在的学校要举行选拔北京大学交换生的汉语演讲比赛, 请你给他写封电子邮件, 劝说他参赛, 内容包括:
1.陈述理由;
2.提出建议;
3.表达祝愿。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Terry, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分）
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last year at Christmas time, my wife, three children and I were on our way from Paris to Nice. Somehow everything went wrong. Our hotels were "tourist traps" and our rented car broke down. On Christmas Eve, when we checked into a dirty hotel in Nice, there was no Christmas spirit in our hearts.
It was raining and cold when we went out to eat. We found a small restaurant poorly decorated for the holiday. Only five tables in the restaurant were taken. There were two German couples, two French families, and an American sailor, by himself. They were eating in stony silence except the sailor. The sailor was writing a letter, and a half-smile lighted his face. In the comer a piano player was listlessly (无精打采地) playing Christmas music.
All of us were interrupted by an old French flower woman through the front door. She had a worn overcoat and her old shoes were wet. Carrying her basket of flowers, she went from one table to another. No one bought any. Exhausted and frustrated, she sat down at a table.
The sailor finished his meal and got up to leave. Putting on his coat, he walked over to the flower woman's table.
"Merry Christmas." he said, smiling and picking out a handful of flowers. "How much are they?"
"Two francs, sir."
The sailor put a twenty franc note in the woman's hand.
"I don't have change, sir," she said. "I'll get some from the waiter."
"No, ma'am," said the sailor, leaning over and kissing the ancient cheek. "This is my Christmas present for you."
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Then the sailor headed for our table with the flowers in his hand. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The piano player came alive and pleasant music filled the whole room. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A.答案：1-3.DCA
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的"you can... summit of Pacaya for a close-up view"以及第二段中的"it is 2,552 metres high and reaching the summit takes two to three hours"可推断,summit是山顶的意思。故选D。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the cone of the volcano in plenty of time for the sunset and the full scene of the erupting red lava in the darkening sky"可知,很多游览是在安排好的时间内进行的,以便于游客可以看到熔岩在黑暗的天空下喷发的全景。故选C。
3.考查目的意图。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了在Pacaya观看火山喷发的难忘经历,以及专门为游客前来观看而安排的游览项目,以吸引更多游客前去参观。故选A。
B.答案：1-4 ACBA
解析：1. 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs.（唤醒感官的第一步是在它发生之前停止预测我们将要看到和感觉到的东西。）可知，作者认为在事情发生前避免过早下结论。与A项"避免匆忙下结论"意思相近。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.（他们不再注意这只鸟，也从来不知道它在干什么。）可知，这些观鸟者只是匆匆记下这些鸟的名字，而没有观察它们在做什么。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第五段中I encountered many hikers who were headed for a distant campground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, or to take a moment to see what's around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关注及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the prospects, sounds and sensations.可知，作者希望我们能够运用我们的感官去感受自然的美妙。故选A项。
C.答案：1-4 DBCC
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的“why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious—particularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem”可知，有人认为，老虎的颜色是橙色的是为了显眼，尤其是在绿色的背景下。威廉•布莱克把这一点写进了诗歌。由此可推知，作者在第一段提及这个诗歌的目的是强调老虎的颜色很显眼。故选D项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But deer can only pick up blue and green light. They are effectively color-blind to the color red, like some humans.”可知，鹿只能识别蓝光和绿光，它们像有些人类一样是红色色盲。因此，在鹿的眼中，红色是不存在的。故选B项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的helps the animal to mix如可推知，画线词所在句表示，他们利用动物生活的环境创造出形象来看保护色是否能够帮助动物融入其中。由此可知， camouflage应意为“隐藏的方式”，故选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的mammals are not able to produce green fur以及该段最后一句可知，世界上没有真正长有绿毛的哺乳动物。故选C项。
D.答案：1-4.ABDB
解析：1.考查细节理解。 由第二段中的"In the study last year... don't necessarily interact with one another"可知,去年一项分析了超过一百万条鲸鱼叫声录音的研究发现,音调变化现象遍及整个物种中,也存在于那些之间并没有必要沟通的种群中。故选A。
2.考查细节理解。由第四段中的"One possible explanation... global conservation efforts"和第五段中的"Perhaps whales don't need... by the absorption of carbon dioxide"可知,全球保护行动以及酸性海水是鲸鱼声调变化的两个原因。故选B。
3.考查词义猜测。文章主要讲述了鲸鱼叫声音调改变的几个原因。 最后一段讲了全球变暖导致冰融化同样也是动物声调变化的原因。由此可推断modulate是改变的意思。故选D。
4.考查推理判断。文章讲述了鲸鱼叫声音调改变的几个原因,而所有的原因均与人类有关,不管是人类的保护行动,还是人类活动导致的全球变暖对动物均有影响。因此人类和自然并非是相互独立的,而是相互依存的。故选B。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ GCFAE
解析：①根据上文"If your family is thinking of getting a pet, consider adopting from an animal shelter, where all animals are in need of loving homes." 可知, 如果你家想要养宠物, 可以考虑从动物收容所领养, 那里所有的动物都需要温暖的家; 根据下文"Here are some tips for you to find great animals." 可知, 这里有一些建议可以帮助你找到极好的动物。本空承上启下, G项(有些可能会有情绪或行为上的问题, 但大多数都是快乐、健康的, 并准备好加人一个充满爱的家)切题。
②根据上文"Think about what you want in a pet and remember that all pets have different personalities." 可知, 想想你想从宠物身上得到什么, 记住所有的宠物都有不同的个性。后面列举了猫的例子"Cats tend to be more independent, but kittens need lots of attention.(猫往往更独立, 但小猫需要更多的关注)", 可推测下文接下来会列举其他宠物的例子, C项(每天至少要遛狗两次)切题。
③根据下文"Remember that you may need to visit more than one shelter, or you may need to make more than one visit." 可知, 可能需要拜访不止一个动物收容所, 或者可能需要拜访不止一次。该空引出下文, F项(留出至少几个小时拜访你所在地区的收容所)切题。
④本段意为:在动物回家之前, 购买所有必要的供应品和食物。确保整个家庭在规则和责任上达成一致——允许狗躺在沙发上吗? 谁来打扫垃圾箱? 在宠物到来之前把它写下来。由此可知, 这一段主要讲了把一切准备好, 故选A。
⑤根据上文"You'll probably be excited when your new pet arrives, but be sure to give it space and time to get adjusted to a new home and a new family. "可知, 当你的新宠物到来的时候, 你可能会很兴奋, 但是一定要给它空间和时间来适应一个新家和一个新的家庭; 根据下文"Interact with your pet a lot and get it used to a routine, and soon you'll be one big happy family!"可知, 经常和你的宠物互动, 让它习惯于日常生活, 很快你们就会成为一个快乐的大家庭! E项(宠物一旦离开收容所, 行为可能会有所不同)切题。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
答案：1-5.CACDA; 6-10.BBDCB; 11-15.CABDD
解析：1.文章首句提到Molai在一个小村庄长大,结合语境可知,此处表示一些湿地变成了他的第二个家(home)。
2.根据上文提到的湿地和下文讲述的Molai为保护动物而种树可知,这里指的是在很小的年纪,他就知道了自然(nature)的重要性和美丽。
3.根据下文表述的洪水发生了,鸟和蛇的数量都减少了可知,这里指的是他家周围发生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。
4.根据语境和空后的"it caused"可知,这里指的是洪水带来的破坏(damage)。
5.空前提到鸟的数量减少了,空后提到蛇的数量也减少了,故此处用Besides(此外)。
6.根据语境可知,这里指的是他意识到(realized)这是因为没有足够的树。
7.根据下句中的"during the daytime"并结合常识可知,这里指的是没有足够的树去保护这些动物免受热(heat)的伤害。
8.根据空前的"plant trees"及语境可知,解决方法是种树,以便于这些动物在白天可以寻求到庇护(shelter)。
9.根据上文提到的解决方法是种树以及下文中的"for help but was told that nothing would grow there"可知,他向林业部门求助。forest"林区,森林"符合语境。
10.根据空前的"Molai went looking on his own"以及空后的"a nearby island where he began to plant trees"可知,此处表示他发现了(discovered)一个附近的岛屿。
11.根据下文中的"The water would then drip(滴落) on the plant below"及语境可知,这里指的是在旱季给小树浇水,故用Watering。
12.根据空后的"for a lone boy"可知,对这个男孩来说,独自一个人在旱季给小树浇水是艰难的(tough)。
13.根据下文中的"The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below"可知,他是在每棵幼树的顶部(top)搭建竹台。
14.根据空前的"where he placed earthen pots with small holes"和空后的"rainwater"以及"The water"可知,这里指用陶罐收集(collect)雨水。
15.根据空后的"to plant trees for the next 37 years"以及下文可知,他是在接下来的37年中继续(continued)种树。
第二节
答案：①aiming ②on ③used ④which ⑤elegant ⑥to defend ⑦alarming ⑧was banned ⑨a ⑩awareness
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：卡森写这本书旨在使人们意识到人类的活动对于自然生态系统的破坏性影响。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词，the book与aim之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词，故填aiming。
②考查介词。the effects on... 对……的影响。
③考查非谓语动词。句意：她希望看到杀虫剂以一种更负责任的、有限的并且仔细监控的方式被使用。根据句意可知，设空处应用过去分词作宾语补足语，see sth. done"看到某事被做"，故填used。
④考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这本书包含了大量的科学信息、研究和实例等，这表明她作为一名科学家是多么一丝不苟。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代前面整个主句，故填which。
⑤考查词性转换。句意：论据是强有力的，语言优雅而有影响力。结合句意可知，设空处应用形容词，与influential并列，故填elegant"优雅的"。
⑥考查非谓语动词。句意：卡森出现在公众场合和电视上，为自己的主张辩护。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用不定式作目的状语，故填to defend。
⑦考查词性转换。句意：卡森的信息令人惊恐，其影响是直接和深远的。根据句意可知，设空处应用形容词作表语，故填alarming。
⑧考查动词的时态和语态。句意：DDT的使用被禁止，EPA在美国被建立。分析句子结构可知，设空处在前一个分句中充当谓语，由句意以及后面的was established可知应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was banned。
⑨考查冠词。句意：这本书被认为是西方世界发起的绿色运动的一个里程碑。分析句子结构且结合句意可知，设空处应用不定冠词表泛指，意为"一个"，且milestone为辅音音素开头的单词，故填不定冠词a。
⑩考查词性转换。句意：这本书通过提高人们对保护自然生态系统的意识而改变了世界。分析句子结构可知，所有格people's后应用名词，故填awareness"意识"。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：One possible version:
Dear Terry,
Knowing that a Chinese speaking contest for selecting exchange students to Peking University will be held in your school, I hope you will take part in it.
It is a great opportunity to improve your Chinese and experience splendid Chinese culture. My advice is that you practice speaking Chinese hard to enhance fluency. Besides, your speech will be more impressive if it includes some classic poems or historical stories.
Wish you every success in this competition.
Yours sincerely,
LiHua
第二节
答案：One possible version:
Then the sailor headed for our table with the flowers in his hand. He picked out a red flower and placed it on our table. "Merry Christmas!" he greeted us in a cheerful voice. Before we could say "Thank you", he went to other tables. In an instant, everyone in the room was presented with flowers, including the waiter and the piano player. In the bright light, the flowers were glowing in full bloom. These magical flowers melted our frustrated hearts and blew away all the unpleasant moods.
The piano player came alive and pleasant music filled the whole room. A festival atmosphere drowned all of us. We merrily danced to the joyful music, singing, laughing and wishing each other good luck. The old flower woman also joined us, unable to conceal her excitement and gratitude. The spirit of Christmas came back to us again. It brought all of us together in this small restaurant on a foreign land. All this was due to a young American sailor, who, through his kindness and generosity, brightened our paths.
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