外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 6 Nature in words公开课课件ppt

非谓语动词作定语、状语和宾语补足语

一、非谓语动词作定语

Read the following sentences and find their attributives.

1．The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.

2．He has no pen to write with.

3．He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.

4．The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.

5．Do you know the man standing under the tree?

6．He is very old and walks with a walking stick.

7．We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.

8．The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.

[归纳用法]

1．不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。

2．不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。

3．不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。

4．被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。

5．主动的­ing 形式作定语，常表示被修饰词的用途或正在进行的动作；其被动形式“being＋过去分词”表示正在进行的被动动作。

6．及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动并已完成的动作；不及物动词的过去分词作定语通常只表示已完成的动作。

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail _____________(wait)for her.

②His first book _____________(publish)next month is based on a true story.

③He got up early the next morning and found a lot of _____________(fall)leaves on the ground.

④She is now looking for a room _____________(live)in.

一．动词不定式作定语

不定式作定语通常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后。

① Is this the best way to help him?

这是帮他的最佳方法吗？

② Your wish to be a teacher is quite understandable.

你想成为一个教师的愿望是可以理解的。

二．V-ing形式作定语

1. 单个的动词-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。

2. V-ing形式短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后，并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。

3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。

三．V-ed形式作定语

1. 单个-ed作定语

a. 及物动词的-ed形式作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义。

b. 不及物动词的-ed形式作定语时只有完成意义。

2. V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

二、非谓语动词作状语

Read the following sentences and find their adverbials.

1．To pass the college entrance examination，we must work hard.

2．The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers.

3．Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.

4．More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

5．One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat as soon as possible.

6．Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.

7．We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.

8．Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher about it.

9．Defeated by his deskmate，he felt discouraged.

10．Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.

11．Warned of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice.

[归纳用法]

1．不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能用于句首。

2．不定式作结果状语，其前常有only，表示令人意外的结果；­ing形式作结果状语常表示自然而然的结果，其前可有thus。

3．作时间状语，­ing形式相当于when，while，before，since，as引导的时间状语从句。

4．作方式或伴随状语，­ing形式表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。

5．作原因状语，不定式常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词(过去分词)＋to do”结构中；­ing形式表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且常含有完成的意义。

6．作条件状语，过去分词短语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。

7．作让步状语，过去分词短语相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①I stopped the car _____________(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.

②George returned after the war，only_____________(tell)that his wife had left him.

③The sun began to rise in the sky，_____________(bathe)the mountain in golden light.

④_____________(see)from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.

一．动词不定式作状语

动词不定式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的原因、目的、结果。

二．V-ing形式作状语

V-ing形式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的原因、时间、结果、条件、伴随、让步和方式等，起作用相当于状语从句或并列句。

三．V-ed形式作状语

V-ed形式用作状语时，可以表示谓语动作发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随或方式，相当于状语从句或并列句。

逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。

三、非谓语动词作宾语补足语

Read the following sentences and find their complements.

1．The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.

2．He depends on you to help him with his English.

3．They use computers to keep the traffic running smoothly.

4．He tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.

5．I saw him leave a few minutes ago.

6．He saw the suspect entering the building.

7．Back from his two­year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taken good care of at home.

[归纳用法]

1．有些动词及动词短语后接不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋sb.＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：

advise建议        ask询问；要求           cause导致

expect期望        force强迫                invite邀请

persuade说服        require需要          remind提醒

want想要           wish想要            depend on依靠

allow允许           beg乞求            encourage鼓励

forbid禁止          intend意欲            order订购

prefer喜爱          teach教              tell告诉

warn警告          wait for等待          call on号召；要求

① I'd like you to keep everything tidy.

     我希望你能保持每样东西都整洁。

② The teacher asked us to finish the  work today.

     老师要我们今天完成工作。

③ Can you remind me to phone Ann tomorrow?

     你能提醒我明天给安打个电话吗？

2.­ing 形式作宾语补足语时，表主动并且正在进行的动作。

3．过去分词作宾语补足语时，表被动并且已完成的动作。

4．非谓语动词作感官动词和使役动词的宾补

[名师点津]

(1)使役动词have，make，let后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，表示“使，让”的含义。

The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.

＝The teacher got some students to stay in the classroom after school.

放学后老师让一些学生待在教室里。

(2)have sb.doing sth.用于否定句中，常与can't，won't等连用，表示“不能容忍某人做某事”。

I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.

我不容许你和你父亲那样讲话。

(3)have/get/make＋宾语＋done让……被……/遭遇某事(强调被动性动作)

I'll have/get/make my bike repaired tomorrow.

我明天得(请人)修一下我的自行车。

He had his wallet stolen on his way home.

在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。

[即学即练3]　单句语法填空

①I heard an English song _____________(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.

②Claire had her luggage _____________(check)an hour before her plane left.

③She was seen_____________(enter)the manager's office ten minutes ago.

④Let those in need_____________(understand)that we will go all out to help them.

巩固练习：

I enjoyed 1.　　　　　 (visit) modern art exhibitions . I was looking forward to 2.　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 ____________(visit) the Tate Modern Art Gallery in London . I decided 3. 　　　　　___________(go) there last Saturday . My friend agreed 4. 　　　　　(come) with me . We planned 5.　　　　　(spend) the whole day there. We planned 6.　　　　　______________(meet) at 9 am . My friend promised 7.　_____________　　　　(be)there on time . However , my friend hates

 8.　　　　　 (get up)early and he arrived an hour late . After half an hour I got tired of 9. 　　　　　(wait) and I 10. 　　　   (visit) the exhibition alone. 

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．If you hand in your homework late，attach a note _____________(explain)the reason for the delay.

2．Shirley Chisholm is known as the first black woman elected to the United States Congress and the first black woman _____________(run)for president of the United States.

3．_____________(save)energy，we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.

4．Mr Wood's anger disappeared then.He said，“I'd better go and get _____________(change).”Minutes later，he returned，properly dressed，only to find that the party was nearly over.

5．While she was in Kenya，she would hear strange noises _____________(make)by Mlaika after sunset.

6．He hurried to the train station，only_____________(find)the train had left.

7．A major accident in southern Sweden happened today.It's reported that this afternoon a ship crashed into a bridge.Unluckily，seven cars and six trucks are said _____________(fall)into the water.

8．When he left，he said to me，“I'm sorry _____________(trouble)you so much.”

9．The airport _____________(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.

10．At the party，the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself _____________(notice).

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．With_____________，he didn't go to the cinema.

他有很多工作要做，所以没去看电影。

2．I visited him_____________．

我去拜访他，结果他出去了。

3．They were very sad _____________．

他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。

4．_____________，you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

5．_____________，they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

Ⅲ.短文语法填空

Research has become both simpler and more complex.It's simpler because，if you have a computer，you can find information you need by 1._____________(search)the Internet.For all your information，you don't have to go to the library 2_____________(find)the relevant resource and 3._____________(take)notes on it.Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 4._____________(need).Remember，however，that you should usually consult different types of sources.That is，you shouldn't always rely just on the Internet for your research.

While 5._____________(find)information is easier than ever，at the same time，6._____________(research)has become more complex.There is a lot more material available，which means you may be 7._____________(overwhelm)with the amount of information.You need to learn how 8_____________(sort)through and 9._____________(find)the relevant information for your particular project.Also，you need 10._____________(check).

Answers:

[即学即练1]　单句语法填空

①Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail waiting(wait)for her.

②His first book to be published(publish)next month is based on a true story.

③He got up early the next morning and found a lot of fallen(fall)leaves on the ground.

④She is now looking for a room to live(live)in.

[即学即练2]　单句语法填空

①I stopped the car to take(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.

②George returned after the war，only to be told(tell)that his wife had left him.

③The sun began to rise in the sky，bathing(bathe)the mountain in golden light.

④Seen(see)from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.

[即学即练3]　单句语法填空

①I heard an English song being sung(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.

②Claire had her luggage checked(check)an hour before her plane left.

③She was seen to enter(enter)the manager's office ten minutes ago.

④Let those in need understand(understand)that we will go all out to help them.

巩固练习

1. visiting 2. visiting 3. to go 4. to come 5. to spend 6. to meet 7. to be 8. getting up

9. waiting 10. visited

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．If you hand in your homework late，attach a note explaining(explain)the reason for the delay.

2．Shirley Chisholm is known as the first black woman elected to the United States Congress and the first black woman to run(run)for president of the United States.

3．To save(save)energy，we turn off the lights for Earth Hour on the last Saturday in March.

4．Mr Wood's anger disappeared then.He said，“I'd better go and get changed(change).”Minutes later，he returned，properly dressed，only to find that the party was nearly over.

5．While she was in Kenya，she would hear strange noises made(make)by Mlaika after sunset.

6．He hurried to the train station，only to find(find)the train had left.

7．A major accident in southern Sweden happened today.It's reported that this afternoon a ship crashed into a bridge.Unluckily，seven cars and six trucks are said to have fallen(fall)into the water.

8．When he left，he said to me，“I'm sorry to have troubled(trouble)you so much.”

9．The airport to be completed(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.

10．At the party，the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself noticed(notice).

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．With a lot of work to do，he didn't go to the cinema.

他有很多工作要做，所以没去看电影。

2．I visited him only to find him out．

我去拜访他，结果他出去了。

3．They were very sad to hear the news．

他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。

4．Playing all day，you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

5．All the tickets having been sold out，they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

Ⅲ.短文语法填空

Research has become both simpler and more complex.It's simpler because，if you have a computer，you can find information you need by 1.searching(search)the Internet.For all your information，you don't have to go to the library 2.to find(find)the relevant resource and 3.take(take)notes on it.Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 4.needed(need).Remember，however，that you should usually consult different types of sources.That is，you shouldn't always rely just on the Internet for your research.

While 5.finding(find)information is easier than ever，at the same time，6.researching(research)has become more complex.There is a lot more material available，which means you may be 7.overwhelmed(overwhelm)with the amount of information.You need to learn how 8.to sort(sort)through and 9.find(find)the relevant information for your particular project.Also，you need 10.to check(check).