2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（二十二）

这是一份2021届高考英语“典题”专项训练（二十二），共9页。
Questining the existence f aliens is smething that scientists have dne fr decades.In fact,mst peple d believe that aliens exist in sme fashin.The main necessities fr life are water and sme frms f energy surce.Nt surprisingly,there are sme planets,explanets and mns that fit the bill.Here are several best chances at finding life in the universe.
◆TRAPPIST-1
TRAPPIST-1 is a planetary system a few dzen light years away,whse discvery was annunced in early 2017.This system cnsists f seven earth-like explanets rbiting an “ultra-cl” star,and it is ne f ur shts at finding pssible life beynd ur wn slar system.
◆Titan
Titan is the largest mn f Saturn,the sixth planet frm ur Sun.This mn culd ptentially harbr life but pssibly nt in the sense that we think.Titan des nt exactly fit the descriptin f being in a typical habitable zne.Titan has water,and it has liquid.It just desn’t have liquid water.The water n this mn is cmpletely slid because f the extremely cld temperature.
◆Eurpa
Eurpa is ne f Jupiter’s mns here in ur wn slar system.It is anther candidate due t its ptential t hld liquid water.Eurpa is thught t have all the necessities fr life including water,energy surces,and the right chemical build-up.
◆Mars
The Red Planet,the furth frm the Sun,is prbably ne f the mst talked-abut ptential candidates fr extraterrestrial(地球外的) life and even fr human clnizatin.Despite sme different vices,finding extraterrestrial life n Mars is really a serius pssibility.We knw by nw that we wn’t find little green men r any intelligent frm f life that we understand.Hwever,there is evidence that there was and may still be micrscpic life n the red planet.
1.The cmmn pint f these celestial bdies(天体) is that .
A.slid water exists n them respectively
B.life might exist n each f them
C.they all cntain liquid water
D.each f them has living things n it
2.Which celestial bdy culd have life different frm human imaginatin?
A.TRAPPIST-1. B.Titan.
C.Eurpa. D.Mars.
3.What d we knw frm the passage?
A.Eurpa is the mst talked-abut ptential candidate fr extraterrestrial life.
B.TRAPPIST-1 is the nly bdy that cntains life beynd the slar system.
C.All the scientists d believe that aliens exist in sme manner.
D.There is prf that life existed n the celestial bdy Mars.
text 2
Mark is always engaged in his wrk. But this time he felt that it was time fr him t take part in his cmmunity, s he went t the neighbrhd meeting after wrk. The area city cuncil wman was leading a discussin abut hw the quality f life was n the decline. The neighbrhd faced many prblems. Mark lked at the charts taped n the walls. There were charts fr parking prblems, crime, and fr prblems in empty buildings. Mark read frm the charts, “Plice patrls cut back, illegal parking up 20%.” Peple were suppsed t suggest slutins t the cuncil wman. It was t much fr Mark. “The prblems are t big,” he thught. He turned t the man next t him and said, “I think this is a waste f my time. Nthing I can d wuld make a difference here.”
As he neared the bus stp n his way hme, Mark saw a wman carrying a grcery bag, and a baby. As Mark gt clser, her ther child, a little by, suddenly ran int the street. The wman tried t reach fr him, but as she mved, her bag shifted, and grceries started t fall ut. Mark ran t take the by's arm and led him back t his mther. “Yu gtta stay with Mm,” he said. Then he picked up the stray grceries and the wman smiled in relief. “Thanks,” she said. “Yu've gt great timing.” “Just being neighbrly,” Mark said. As he rde hme, he glanced at the walls f a bus. On ne f them was “Small acts f kindness add up.” Mark smiled and thught, “Maybe that's a gd place t start.”
4.What was being discussed when Mark arrived at the neighbrhd meeting?
A.The high price f grceries.
B.The educatin prblem f children.
C.The wrsening f the quality f life.
D.The husing cnditins in the cmmunity.
5.What's Mark's pinin abut the cmmunity prblems accrding t the first paragraph?
A.Peple culd slve the prblems by themselves.
B.He didn't have the ability t slve such prblems.
C.He didn't have enugh time t slve the prblems.
D.Peple were t selfish t help thers slve the prblems.
6.What d the underlined wrds “Small acts f kindness add up.” mean in the last paragraph?
A.All small acts will add up t kindness.
B.Everyne shuld try his best t d gd deeds.
C.All small kind acts can make peple grw up quickly.
D.Everyne can play his wn part t make things better.
7.What can we learn frm this passage?
A.Mark always played an active part in cmmunity activities.
B.Visual aids were used t display the seriusness f prblems.
C.Many peple were discuraged by the prblems facing them.
D.The city cuncil wman was respnsible fr the falling f life quality.
text 3
If yu thught pilts dimmed(调暗) the lights befre takeff t give yu sme shuteye,think again.Believe it r nt,the dim lighting culd actually help save yur life in case f a plane emergency.
The dimmed lights befre taking ff frm the runway and landing are a flight precautin used t help passengers’ eyes adjust mre quickly during an emergency escape.“Ging frm a brightly-lit envirnment t ne that’s cmpletely dark wuld require sme time fr ur eyes t fcus and see the escape slide,”Alice Theriault,service directr fr Air Canada wrte in a press statement.“Since we need t have all the secnds n ur side in the event f an emergency,dimming the lights is ne f many steps we take t ensure the safety f ur custmers.”
The phenmenn that yur eyes see thse strange speckles (小斑点) as yur sight adjusts t a dark place after being in a light place is called dark adaptatin.It nrmally takes ur eyes abut 20 t 30 minutes t see best in a dark rm.The brighter the lights,the lnger it takes fr ur eyes t adjust,which is why dimming the plane lights culd shrten yur “dark adaptatin” time since yu haven’t been sitting under flurescent bulbs (荧光灯) all flight.
Nt nly des dimming lights add valuable time t the escape prcess,it als reduces the tensin n yur eyes if yu need t lk utside,r see the emergency lighting alng the passage.“It helps keep yu in the right directin,” Patrick Smith,an airline pilt and authr f Cckpit Cnfidential tld The Telegraph.“It als makes it easier fr flight attendants t assess any utside risks,such as fire r debris,that might affect an escape.” S next time a pilt dims the lights,just knw it’s fr yur safety,even thugh it creates a gentle atmsphere fr yur takeff int the sky.
8.The lights are dimmed befre takeff t help passengers .
A.take a shrt break
B.escape in time f emergency
C.create a warm atmsphere
D.adapt their eyes t the bright envirnment
9.What is ne f the rles f shrtening “dark adaptatin” time?
A.Slwing dwn the landing.
B.Adjusting the plane lights.
C.Keeping passengers calm.
D.Helping the crew judge utside risks.
10.What des the underlined wrd “It” in the last paragraph refer t?
A.Dimming lights.
B.The escape prcess.
C.Reducing tensin.
D.The passage.
11.What is the text mainly abut?
A.A tip f air travel.
B.An emergency event n a plane.
C.A warning message n a plane.
D.An explanatin f an airline safety measure.
text 4
“Rsie the Riveter(铆工)” is the name f a fictinal character wh came t symblize the millins f real wmen wh filled America's factries during Wrld War Ⅱ.
After the Japanese bmbing f Pearl Harbr in December 1941, the male wrkfrce was called t fill the ranks f the U.S. military. The U.S. gvernment cnducted extensive campaigns t encurage wmen t jin the wrkfrce.
Saturday Evening Pst's cver artist, Nrman Rckwell, is generally credited with creating ne f the ppular “Rsie the Riveter” images used t encurage wmen t becme wartime wrkers. Rckwell's image features a strng wman taking her lunch break with a rivet gun n her lap. Her lunch bx reads “Rsie”. Rckwell's “Rsie”pster appeared n the cver f the May 29th, 1943 editin f the Pst, which was then ne f the natin's mst ppular magazines. In additin t Rckwell's “Rsie”, hwever, anther image was t becme the mre cmmnly knwn “Rsie the Riveter” image.
In 1942, J. Hward Miller was hired by the Westinghuse Cmpany t create a series f psters t mtivate female emplyees. One f these psters became the famus “We Can D It!” image—an image that in later years wuld als becme knwn by many as “Rsie the Riveter”. The pster used exclusively within Westinghuse factries was nly displayed fr tw weeks in February 1943. It was nly in 1982—sme 40 years later—that this image began t be assciated with “Rsie the Riveter”.
Bth images,—Rckwell's and Miller's—were used t help mtivate the Wrld War Ⅱ wrkfrce, but in Miller's case, perhaps nly at Westinghuse factries. And in later years, up t the present time, bth f the images have becme icnic(偶像的)symbls f wmen's struggles fr rights and are ccasinally adapted fr ther causes and plitical campaigns as well.
12.Accrding t the passage, what prblem was the USA faced with after the Japanese bmbing f Pearl Harbr
A.Shrtage f fd. B.Ecnmic crises.
C.Ppulatin bm. D.Lack f wrkfrce.
13.Which f the fllwing psters was created by Nrman Rckwell?
14.What des the underlined wrd “exclusively”mean?
A.Quite. B.Only.
C.Perhaps. D.Often.
15.Cmpared with Miller's image, Rckwell's .
A.is mre meaningful at the present time
B.was mre practical in recruiting sldiers
C.was mre ppular during the wartime
D.was mre realistic in describing wmen
text 5
A memrable science prject
If smene tells yu t remember a phne number r an address, it feels like an easy task at first. Yu repeat the number t yurself, either alud r in yur mind. But after just a few secnds yu might find yurself starting t dubt yur wn memry. 16 Thus, it will try t thrw away infrmatin that seems ld r irrelevant. There are ways f helping ur minds retain(记住)infrmatin, and in this activity yu will explre ways that we lse and keep memries.
Shrt-term, r wrking memry, is a way f describing mst peple's abilities t stre a small amunt f infrmatin fr a brief perid f time in a readily accessible frm. 17 Peple dn't have t stp and think t remember smething in shrt-term memry.
18 Such techniques include visualizing(想象)the infrmatin in a surprising way r linking pieces f infrmatin tgether s that ne reminds yu f the ther. In the case f visualizing infrmatin, this culd be as simple as remembering yu parked yur car in the D sectin n the fifth flr by picturing five dgs sitting in yur car! 19 If yu need t purchase cereal(谷物), milk, fruit, cheese and eggs, yu culd imagine the cereal in a bwl, with milk puring ver it and pieces f fruit n tp. Then imagine cracking an egg ver everything, and it's full f melted cheese!These may seem simple r even silly. 20 In this activity yu'll test the recall f a few friends r family members, and learn a few tricks fr imprving memry!
A.There are many techniques fr imprving memry.
B.Our brain is always seeking new and useful infrmatin.
C.Shrt-term memry has a shrt duratin but is quickly and easily accessed.
D.In additin, linking infrmatin culd help yu remember yur grcery list.
E.Retaining that infrmatin ver lnger perids f time becmes difficult yet.
F.Yur shrt-term memry has a limited amunt f space t stre infrmatin.
G.Hwever, they are prved t be gd ways t imprve memry by scientists.
text 6
读后续写 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Scut culd clearly remember the night she had t leave her hme in Pland. It was the beginning f Wrld War II and her family had t escape as sn as pssible. She quickly packed a suitcase with a few pieces f clthing, her diary, and her mst prized treasure, a silk scarf. Scut and her best friend, Betty, had persuaded their parents t buy them matching scarves, which they tk as a symbl f their friendship. Scut didn’t knw she was ging t America and wuld nt be returning.
Scut kept that special silk scarf fr many years. One day she decided t give it t her granddaughter, Eliza, t wear t her first jb interview fr gd luck. Scut was afraid that Eliza wuld lse the scarf, but the granddaughter prmised, "Dn't wrry, Grandma, nthing's ging t happen t yur scarf. Yu'll see that it’s ging t bring bth f us luck."And with that, Eliza kissed her grandmther and left fr the interview.
Leaving the interview, Eliza felt cnfident that she had gt the jb s she decided t celebrate by ging t a restaurant. Sitting at her table, Eliza felt an elderly wman staring at her fr a lng time.
"I'm srry. D I knw yu?" Eliza asked.
"I'm srry, dear, but yu remind me f my best friend," the ld wman replied. "She lked like yu and used t wear a scarf just like yurs." Eliza listened carefully, with her eyes and muth wide pen. She had heard stries f her grandmther's best friend and knew the meaning f the scarf. Culd this wman be Betty, her grandmther's childhd friend?
注意:
1. 所续写短文词数应为100左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已给出，不计入总词数;
Paragraph 1:
Then the ld wman intrduced herself, “My name is
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Paragraph 2:
The ld wman agreed.
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参考答案：
BBD
CBDB
BDAD
DABC
BCADG
Then the ld wman intrduced herself, “My name is Betty. I’m riginally frm Pland, but left there when I was thirteen. And I have been living here in Washingtn DC in America ever since.” Eliza culd nt believe it, stries f her grandmther’s best friend flating in her mind. She assumed that the ld wman must be her grandmther’s best friend. She said, “Betty, wuld yu mind cming with me right nw? I need t shw yu smebdy.”
The ld wman agreed. Sn they left the restaurant after dinner. Arriving at Scut’s hme, the ld wman eagerly rang the dr bell. The mment Scut pened the dr, she was amazed t see her childhd friend standing in frnt f her. Hw magical! The scarf indeed brught them gd luck. Excited and mved, bth f them were in tears. They hadn’t seen each ther fr many years and had many things t share.