2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习语法专题提升第二部分攻克多变的动词2.2非谓语动词学案含解析新人教版

第二讲　非谓语动词

考点一  非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语

1.非谓语动词

动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作，而不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的行为。

①As we all know, going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.

众所周知，早睡早起是一个好习惯。

②To complete the program needs much effort.

完成这项计划需要很大的努力。

2．it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词

常见句型有：

It's important for the figures to be updated regularly.

定期更新数据是很重要的。

3．非谓语动词作表语

非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。

(1)现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……的”。

The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.

这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。

(2)不定式、动名词都可以作表语，但动名词作表语多指抽象的、经常性的动作。

What he did in the meeting was chatting with Mary.

他在会议上所做的事情就是与玛丽谈话。

(3)不定式则多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。

My job is to clean the house three times a week.

我的工作是每个星期打扫房子三次。

(4)get, become, look, seem, appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。

This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn't get discouraged right after failures.

温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们绝不能气馁。

4．非谓语动词作宾语

(1)若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用动名词。

suggest, risk, imagine, mind, admit, practice, allow, avoid, delay, include, deny, escape, advise, finish, miss, insist on, look forward to, feel like, get down to, object to, devote one's time to等。

I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.

我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。

(2)若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用不定式。

decide, refuse, promise, pretend, hesitate, manage, plan, fail, choose, would like等。

She will attempt to beat the world record.

她试图要打破世界纪录。

(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。

mean

forget

regret

try

go on

remember

can't help

I regret to tell you that I can't come.

我很遗憾地告诉你我不能来了。

I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.

我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里我所看到的一切。

(4)动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。

The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by describing various sounds.

作者主要是通过描绘各种声音开始叙述自己的森林之旅的。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2021·烟台市高考适应性练习]Adults can note that ________ (make) personal sacrifices (牺牲)—such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we're not feeling well—helps to reduce the chance of carrying illness into our own communities.

2．[2021·银川市普通高中学科教学质量检测]When a game comes to an end, the winner is determined by ________ (count) each player's surrounded territories along with captured stones and komi (贴目)．

3．[2021·贵阳市高三适应性考试一]He said he became crazy about calligraphy, so he decided ________ (establish) a calligraphic museum in Moscow.

4．[2021·赣州市高三年级适应性考试]Food delivery and takeaway services will stop ________ (use)single­use plastic straws and cutlery (餐具) nationwide.

5．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________ (challenge).

考点二  非谓语动词作定语

①We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.

我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。

②He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.

他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。

③[2015·北京卷]The park was full of people, enjoying (who enjoyed) themselves in the sunshine.

公园里人山人海， 人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。

④Tsinghua University, founded (which was founded) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。

名师指津　(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。

(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。

The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance.

The matter being discussed now is of great importance.

The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2021·河北衡水中学联考]The Terracotta Army, ________ (build) around 2,200 years ago, was intended to protect Emperor Qin Shi Huang in his afterlife.

2．[2021·山东省六地市部分学校高三联考] The giant panda, also ________ (know) as panda bear or simply panda, is a bear native to south central China.

3．[2020·浙江卷7月]Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives.

4．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]They represent the earth ________ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

考点三  非谓语动词作状语

1.不定式作状语

(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后。

I'm very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.

我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。

(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。

[2016·北京卷]To make it easier to get in touch with us，you'd better keep this card at hand.

为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。

(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。

He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.

他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。

名师指津　熟记固定结构：

(1)only/just to...；too...to...；so/such as to...；...enough (for sb.) to...

(2)be＋adj.＋to do sth.

As far as I'm concerned, the book is very hard to learn.

就我个人而言，这本书很难理解。

2．分词作状语

(1)v.­ing形式：现在分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。

Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.

已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。

Having been laughed at for his mistakes，the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.

那男孩因犯错而被嘲笑，因此又羞愧又尴尬。(非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)

(2)v.­ed形式：过去分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。

Offered an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.

由于在这部新电影中担任重要角色，安迪有了出名的机会。

(3)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)，hidden(躲着)，devoted(专注的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，born in(出身于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(厌烦了)等。

Absorbed in his book，he didn't notice me enter the room.

他专注于读书，没注意到我进入房间。

名师指津　(1)把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系；区别现在分词与过去分词：现在分词表示主动或正在进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。

(2)现在分词的完成式having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系，同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。

Having driven all day，we were rather tired.

开了一天的车，我们相当累。

(3)不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果，现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果。

More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.

中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。

3．有些分词或不定式短语作状语，构成独立结构，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有：

generally speaking  一般来说

frankly speaking  坦白地说

judging from/by...  根据……来判断

considering.../taking...into consideration  考虑到……

to tell the truth  说实话

compared to/with  与……相比较

to begin with  首先

seeing...  鉴于/由于……

supposing  假设，如果

assuming  假使

given  考虑到，鉴于

provided(that...)  如果

concerning  关于

Judging from what he said just now，he must be very satisfied with your performance.

根据他刚才说的判断，他一定对你的演出很满意。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e­4 ________ (find) and study areas of the South Pole­Aitken basin.

2．[2020·山东高考模拟卷]________ (follow) by a wedding photographer, the couple made a surprise visit to the hospital before heading to the reception.

3．[2021·河南省高三质量检测]“The ban will stop billions of pieces of plastic entering our ecosystem, thus ________ (help) to conserve our precious seas and oceans，” Former Prime Minister Theresa May ever wrote on Twitter.

4．[2021·高三八校第二次联考]Every year more than a billion animals are killed ________ (make) leather products from their skins.

考点四  掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式

1.不定式作宾语补足语

tell/order/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invite＋sb.to do sth.；

I'd like to invite you to take part in the activity.

我想邀请你参加这项活动。

2．后用省略“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”

五看：look at/watch/notice/see/observe sb.do sth.

三使：make/have/let sb.do sth.；

二听：listen to/hear sb.do sth.；

一感觉：feel sb.do。

I like the film because it can make me laugh.

我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。

3．用于it形式主语结构中

It＋be＋名词或形容词(no good，no use，a pleasure，worthwhile，useless)＋动词­ing；

It＋be＋形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)＋for/of sb.to do sth.；

It＋takes＋sb.＋some time＋to do sth.

As is known to us, it's no use complaining without taking action.

众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动没用。

4．only to do结构表示出乎意料的结果

He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.

他匆忙赶到车站结果却发现火车已经开走了。

5．with复合结构中补足语的比较

with

With so many people looking at him，he felt very nervous.

那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。

With the problem solved，the quality has been improved.

问题解决了，质量也提高了。

6．有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构

considering that鉴于，考虑到

judging by/from从……来看

supposing/providing/provided/assuming that...假定，假设

compared with/to与……相比

Michael's new house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one.

与迈克的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大宫殿。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2020·北京卷]The problem of phone addiction (成瘾) has been observed since a few years ago, with experts and psychologists ________ (try) to increase awareness about this problem.

2．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

3．[2021·山东新高考质量测评]They're neither medical workers in close contact with the novel coronavirus nor government officials who receive the latest updates of the situation—yet they're keeping us ________ (inform)of the development of the epidemic.

语法填空解题技法

【典例感悟】

1．[2020·1月浙江卷]Something significant is happening to the world population—it is aging. The median (中位数的) age of an American in 1950 was 30—today it is 41 and is expected ________ (increase) to 42 by 2050.

2．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ] They make great gifs and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

3．[2020·北京卷]And third, tiger sharks have teeth perfectly ________ (design) for cutting their food, so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.

4．[2021·赣州市高三年级适应性考试]China's National Development and Reform Commission is taking a number of measures ________ (design) to cut the production and use of plastics over the next five years.

5．[2021·濮阳市高三毕业班第二次模拟]The teen's act soon spread quickly, ________ (inspire) kids and adults worldwide to take action.

6．[2021·青岛市高三统一质量检测]In richer countries, people are more likely to spend time ________ (sit) in offices.

7．[2021·衡阳市高三毕业班联考]It is obvious that ________ (grow) much full­sun coffee affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology.

【答题微点】

语法填空解题“5要素”

1．非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间表示主动、进行，要用现在分词形式(doing)。

2．非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间表被动、完成，要用过去分词形式(done)。

3．非谓语动词表将来的动作，作状语表示目的；在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等，要用不定式形式(to do)。

4．掌握非谓语动词的句型公式：

(1)It's＋形容词＋(for/of sb.＋)to do sth.；

(2)It's no good/use/pleasure doing sth.

(3)find/think/believe/consider＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.。

5．牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词。

语法填空

[2021·湖南名校联盟高三联考]Chinese people are proud of their food. However, when foreigners talk about Chinese food, they express opinions 1.________ your expectations.

As I grew up in the UK, the Chinese food I was used to eating was 2.________ I now recognize as Guangdong food because most Chinese immigrants to the UK came from Guangdong. The typical dish 3.________ (order) there would be pork in sweet and sour sauce. When most British people attempted 4.________ (pronounce) words in Chinese, they actually made the sound of Cantonese. So hearing Mandarin (普通话) is kind of 5.________ huge shock to some British people, who think it sounds completely different from the words they have heard!

British people's 6.________ (think) on Chinese food is probably changing, though. Chinese­American chef, Ken Hom, who 7.________ (work) on British TV for over 30 years, says：“Chinese food in the 1980s in the UK was mainly sweet. Now more regional(地方的)Chinese food from Sichuan, Hunan and other areas of China 8.________ (see). These various cuisines become successful here and 9.________ (taste) Chinese dishes also broaden their appeal to the British.”

But what do foreigners think when they come to China and eat real Chinese food？In my experience, the impression usually is 10.________ (amazing) good.

第二讲　非谓语动词

突破高考重点　点拨易错易混

考点一

1．答案与解析：making　此处应用非谓语动词。且空格处在从句中作主语，应用动名词形式。动名词作主语多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。“作出牺牲”是一个抽象动作。故填making。

2．答案与解析：counting　考查非谓语动词。在介词by后，应用名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故本空应用动词的动名词形式counting。

3．答案与解析：to establish　考查非谓语动词。decide to do sth.为固定用法，意为“决定做某事”，此处不定式作宾语，所以填to establish。

4．答案与解析：using　考查非谓语动词。句意：在全国范围内，食品外卖服务将停止使用一次性塑料吸管和餐具。表示“停止(正在做的)某事”应用stop doing sth.。

5．答案与解析：challenged　根据句子结构可知，此处作系动词feel的表语，主语为he，故要用 challenged，表示“受到挑战的”。

考点二

1．答案与解析：built　考查非谓语动词。兵马俑建于大约 2200年前，为了在秦始皇死后能保护他。兵马俑的谓语动词是was intended，建造和谓语之间没有连词，可以判断出要用非谓语形式，过去分词表示被动，故填built。

2．答案与解析：known　考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是“is”，此处应用非谓语动词；此处应用过去分词作定语修饰“The giant panda”，因为“The giant panda”和know之间是被动关系。故填known。

3．答案与解析：to change　考查非谓语动词(不定式)。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology，故填to change。

4．答案与解析：coming　考查非谓语动词。the earth和come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，所以填coming。

考点三

1．答案与解析：to find　考查非谓语动词。该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang'e­4，后面部分为不定式在句中作目的状语。

2．答案与解析：Followed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已经有谓语动词made，the couple与follow之间是被动关系，故用过去分词followed作状语。

3．答案与解析：helping　考查非谓语动词。句意：因此帮助保护我们珍贵的海洋。help与前面整个句子存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用所给词的现在分词，作状语。

4．答案与解析：to make　考查非谓语动词。句意：每年有超过10亿只动物被杀，用它们的皮做皮革制品。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作目的状语，英语中一般用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to make。

考点四

1．答案与解析：trying　考查非谓语动词。此处是with 复合结构作状语， experts and psychologists和try为逻辑上的主谓关系， 故用现在分词形式trying。

2．答案与解析：surrounding　考查非谓语动词。在“see ＋宾语＋宾补”结构中， 宾语与宾补之间是主动关系， 用现在分词表示动作正在进行。the soft clouds 与surround 之间是主动关系， 且表示正在发生的事情， 故填surrounding。

3．答案与解析：informed　考查非谓语动词。句意：他们既不是与新型冠状病毒密切接触的医务人员，也不是收到最新情况的政府官员——但他们一直向我们通报疫情的发展。keep sb. ＋doing/done, 非谓语结构作宾语补足语。本题中的动词inform与宾语之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。

刷经典试题　明晰解题技法

语法填空解题技法

1．答案与解析：to increase　分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is expected，且不是并列谓语，故此处考查的是非谓语动词。固定表达be expected to do sth.表示“被期望做某事”，不定式作补足语。

2．答案与解析：decorated　已有谓语动词make及see，故空格处应为非谓语动词。又因decorate句中them与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。

3．答案与解析：designed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， teach 和design为逻辑上的动宾关系， 故应用过去分词designed。

4．答案与解析：designed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，可知design在句中应用非谓语动词形式，且与逻辑主语measures构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。

5．答案与解析：inspiring　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the teen's act和inspire之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，故填inspiring。

6．答案与解析：sitting　考查动名词。固定短语spend time doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。

7．答案与解析：growing　考查非谓语。句意：很明显，种植全日照咖啡会影响生活的方方面面，从当地环境到全球生态。在这句话中是终止许多全日照咖啡作主语，所以将grow变为动名词growing作主语。

对点跟踪检测　提升应试能力

语法填空

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。作者从自己的经历出发，讲述了中国菜系在英国的发展状况，从最初英国人认识的粤菜到如今的川菜、湘菜等，地方菜系已经被英国人认可。

1．答案与解析：beyond　考查介词。根据下文的内容可知，外国人对中国菜的看法会出乎你的预料。beyond (sb.'s) expectation意为“超出(某人的)预期”。

2．答案与解析：what　考查连词。表语从句中的谓语recognize是及物动词，其后缺少宾语，因此用what引导。recognize sth. as...意为“认为某物是……”。

3．答案与解析：ordered　考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语修饰dish, 且dish与动词order之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词ordered。

4．答案与解析：to pronounce　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作宾语。attempt to do sth.意为“努力/尝试/试图做某事”。

5．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。shock在此处意为“令人震惊的事”，为可数名词，且表示泛指，故填不定冠词a。

6．答案与解析：thought/thinking　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作主语，因此用名词thought/thinking表示“看法，想法”，再依据空后的is可知用单数形式。

7．答案与解析：has been working/has worked　考查动词的时态。根据句中的“for over 30 years”可知，这位美籍华人已经在英国电视台工作了30多年， 因此用现在完成进行时或现在完成时。

8．答案与解析：is seen　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作谓语，根据时间状语Now和语境可知用一般现在时，主语是表示单数概念的more regional (地方的) Chinese food, 与动词see是被动关系，故填is seen。

9．答案与解析：tasty　考查形容词。空处作定语修饰Chinese dishes，故填形容词tasty，意为“美味的”。

10．答案与解析：amazingly　考查副词。该空要填的词修饰形容词good, 因此用所给词的副词形式。