2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习语法专题提升第一部分掌握基础词法1.2形容词副词和比较等级学案含解析新人教版

第二讲　形容词、副词和比较等级

考点一  形容词与副词的基本用法

1.形容词和副词的句法功能

2.兼有两种形式的副词

其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀­ly。这两种形式的副词表示的意义不同。

Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.[2020·新高考山东卷读后续写]

不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。

指津：下列单词以­ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：

lively，lonely，lovely，deadly，friendly，ugly，silly，likely，brotherly，timely 等。

3．常用的连接性副词

A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. Besides, the number of snakes had declined as well.[2020·新高考山东卷完形]

早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，洪水造成的损失是赶走了一些鸟类。此外，蛇的数量也减少了。

4．常考易混、易错形容词和副词的区别

(1)before，ago

①ago：常用于一般过去时，它所指的时间从现在算起；

②before：常用于过去完成时，它所指的时间从过去某一时刻算起。

Three days ago, I went to pay a visit to my aunt, only to be told that she had gone abroad three days before.

三天前我去拜访我的姑姑，却被告知她在三天前去了国外。

(2)such，so

①so是副词，可以放在形容词或副词之前作状语；

②such是代词或限定词，可用来修饰名词，作定语。应注意以下几点：

such a beautiful girl＝so beautiful a girl

such a lovely day＝so lovely a day

指津：①当名词为不可数名词或复数名词时，不能用so，必须用such。 如：不可以说so nice weather，而要说such nice weather。

②当名词前有表示数量的词语(如many、much、few、little)时，则只能使用so来修饰它们，而不能使用such。

He made so many mistakes that he was punished by his strict mother.

他犯了许多错误，因此受到了严厉的母亲的惩罚。

注意：当little作“小的”讲时，用such，如such a little animal“这么小的动物”。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2021·陕西省重点中学模拟]________ (interesting) enough，the United Nations even has a cartoon character to represent this day.

2．[2021·昆明市高三测试]The goal of the Plastic Bank is to use plastic to help people solve the problems ________ (gradual).

3．[2021·青岛质量检测]The United States，Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours' sleep a night to stay ________ (health)．

4．[2021·烟台市高考诊断性测试]So if you are passionate about something，stick to it and through hard work，you ________ (true) can make your dream come true.

5．[2021·东北三校高三模拟]Compared with other male poets in China, who have left hundreds or even thousands of poems，she has only eighty seven.________， her artistic creativity in her existing works has earned her a permanent place in the Chinese literary circle.

考点二  形容词、副词比较级与最高级

形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面：一是通过标志词than或表比较意义的语境推出用比较级或最高级；二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。

一、比较级和最高级的构成

1．规则形式

(1)单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词，在原级后加­er，­est构成，如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊变化见下表：

(2)多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级前加more，most构成。

active－more active－most active

happily－more happily－most happily

2．不规则形式

二、比较等级用法的固定句型

1．同级比较：as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。

2．比较级结构：形容词/副词的比较级＋than; more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。

The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.

这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。

3．最高级结构：the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)；one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。

She is the most active student in our class.

她是我们班最活跃的学生。

4．比较级的常用句型

(1)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more＋原级”表示“越来越……”。

Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive.

假期的机票越来越便宜了。

(2)“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”，表示“越……越……”。

The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.

你听得越多，读得越多，你的写作和口语就越好。

(3)“the＋比较级＋of＋the名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。

Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.

这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。

5．比较级形式表达最高级的含义

(1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so ...as”结构表示最高级含义。

Your story is perfect, I've never heard a better one before.

你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。

(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义：

①比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词

②比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词

③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词

The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.

长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。

6．倍数表达法

常见的倍数表达句型主要有：

(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B

(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of B

(4)the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B

(5)A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句

Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.

吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。

◎题组微练(单句语法填空)

1．[2021·合肥市高三质量检测]In fact，Guo Feng is ________ (familiar) to the public as a music producer than as a painter.

2．[2021·安徽安庆二模]Nowadays，not only does China have the ________ (fast) growing modern cities in the world, but the landscapes are also truly diverse.

3．[2021·昆明质量检测]If we can focus on encouraging kids to drink more water—a low­cost，sugar­free drink—we can improve their drinking habits，which may allow many kids to feel ________ (great) throughout the day and do better in school.

4．[2020·浙江卷1月]The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes ________ (old) than before.

语法填空解题技法

【典例感悟】

1．[2021·合肥市高三质量检测]Unfortunately，coral species are being ________ (severe)threatened，many of which have been destroyed by pollution，overfishing practices，and other impacts over the past centuries.

2．[2021·濮阳市高三模拟]By September, 2018, her ________ (week) strike had become a worldwide climate change movement called “Fridays for the Future”．

3．[2021·福州市质量检测]However, a diet that is too high in animal protein can ________ (actual) lead to weight gain over time.

4．[2018·6月浙江高考]The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.

5．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.

6．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ________ the familiar near side.

7．[2018·6月浙江高考]There could be an even ________ (high) cost on your health.

【答题微点】

语法填空解题“3策略”

1．利用提示词

(1)看到提示词在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语或在宾语后作宾补，要想到用形容词；

(2)看到提示词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子作状语时，要想到用副词。

2．利用标志词

(1)若是两者之间相比，且空格后有than, 要想到用形容词或副词的比较级；

(2)and, or, but等并列连词连接的平行结构，如果其中之一是比较级，要想到另一并列成分也应用比较级；

(3)注意使用比较等级的固定搭配或句型，如：

①the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……

②the＋最高级＋标志性词语或从句

3．利用修饰语

(1)看到修饰语much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等以及百分数，要想到比较级；

(2)看到修饰语by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really以及序数词等，要想到最高级。

语法填空

[2021·重庆名校联盟模拟]Every year, people around the world purchase roughly 526 billion bottles, and that number is on 1.________ increase. More than 8 million pieces of plastic pollution find their way into our oceans every day. Much of other plastic 2.________ (throw) in landfills or rivers also has bad effects on wildlife. Many people are now trying 3.________ (cut) down on plastic use, while also turning these single­use plastics into something 4.________ (benefit)—like auto parts.

The Ford Motor Company has used recycled plastic since the 1990s. Today, it 5.________ (transform) recycled plastic into vehicle parts in an effort to reduce its carbon footprint, 6.________ (specific) underbody shields (车底护板) on all cars.

“The underbody shield is a large part. 7.________ is likely for such a big part to weigh three times as much if we use solid plastic，” says Thomas Sweder, design engineer of the Company.“We're looking for the most durable and 8.________ (green) materials to make our parts.”

Finding new and innovative ways to recycle single­use plastics is essential for our planet. With one of the largest 9.________ (company) committed to working with recycled plastics, there's hope 10.________ others will follow suit.

第二讲　形容词、副词和比较等级

突破高考重点　点拨易错易混

考点一

1．答案与解析：Interestingly　考查副词。有趣地是，联合国甚至有一个卡通人物来代表这一天。此处作状语修饰整个句子，应该用副词形式。

2．答案与解析：gradually　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词solve，应用副词形式，在句子中作状语，所以填gradually。

3．答案与解析：healthy　考查形容词。此处表示成年人每晚需要至少七小时的睡眠来保持健康。stay healthy为固定搭配，意为“保持健康”。故填healthy。

4．答案与解析：truly　考查副词用法。此处用副词修饰谓语动词。

5．答案与解析：However　考查副词。前一句表述和其他遗作有几百甚至几千首的中国男性诗人相比，她只有八十七首，并结合空后的内容可知，此处前后形成转折，且修饰整个句子，所以填However。

考点二

1．答案与解析：more familiar　考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的比较级符号than并结合语境可知，空处含有比较的含义，应用形容词的比较级，familiar为多音节词，比较级为more familiar，所以填more familiar。

2．答案与解析：fastest　考查副词的最高级。句意：现在，中国不但有世界上发展最快的现代化的城市，而且风景也多种多样。设空处前有定冠词the，且在句中修饰growing，根据比较范围in the world可知，此处应用最高级形式，故填fastest。

3．答案与解析：greater　考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“and do better in school”可知，空处与此处对应，应用形容词的比较级。

4．答案与解析：older　考查形容词比较级。结合句意及下文的than before可知，这里意为“比以前更加年老”，故填older。

刷经典试题　明晰解题技法

语法填空解题技法

1．答案与解析：severely　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰过去分词threatened，应用副词形式，所以填severely。

2．答案与解析：weekly　考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词strike，weekly“每周的”，故填weekly。

3．答案与解析：actually　考查副词。句意：然而，动物蛋白含量过高的饮食实际上会导致体重增加。此处lead是动词，由副词修饰，所给词actual是形容词，其副词是actually。

4．答案与解析：affordable　根据语境可知，一周在外就餐一到两次是可以负担得起的。本句为主系表结构，故此处应该用形容词作表语，afford的形容词为affordable。

5．答案与解析：finest　考查形容词最高级。根据句意可知，皇帝命令所有知名画家献上他们最好的作品。

6．答案与解析：than　考查连词。本句中含有more，空格后为比较对象，因此本空应填than。

7．答案与解析：higher　此处表示这么做可能还会让你付出更高的健康代价。根据“even”可判断，此处要用形容词的比较级。

对点跟踪检测　提升应试能力

语法填空

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍福特汽车公司利用可回收塑料制出耐磨的汽车配件，这为人们回收利用废弃塑料提供了一个新的思路。

1．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。on the increase是固定搭配，意为“正在增长”，故填定冠词the。

2．答案与解析：thrown　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语动词has, 因此，空处是非谓语动词作后置定语。throw与被修饰词Much of other plastic是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示动作已完成，故用过去分词thrown。

3．答案与解析：to cut　考查非谓语动词。固定结构“try to do sth.” 意为“努力做某事”。try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事”，与语境不符。

4．答案与解析：beneficial　考查形容词。空处作定语修饰不定代词something, 需要用其形容词形式beneficial意为“有用的”。

5．答案与解析：is transforming　考查动词的时态。句意：今天，为了努力减少碳排放量，这家公司正在把可回收塑料转变成汽车配件。根据时间状语“Today”和语境可知，此处表示动作正在发生，故用现在进行时。

6．答案与解析：specifically　考查副词。此处作状语修饰句子，应该用副词。specifically意为“更确切地说”。

7．答案与解析：It　考查代词。句意：如果我们使用固体塑料，这么大的一个配件很可能会有三倍重。此处是It is likely for...to do sth.意为“……很可能做某事”，其中It是形式主语，后面的不定式是真正的主语。

8．答案与解析：greenest　考查形容词的最高级。根据前面的“the most durable and”可知，此处and连接两个并列的最高级修饰名词materials，故本空要填所给词的最高级形式。

9．答案与解析：companies　考查名词的单复数。根据“one of the＋名词复数形式”结构可知，此处填companies。

10．答案与解析：that　考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，hope后所跟的从句解释说明其内容，从句的成分和意义都是完整的，故用that引导该同位语从句。