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Unit 2 Out of this world Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）
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这是一份Unit 2 Out of this world Part 1-2022版英语选择性必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析），共11页。
Unit 2 Out of this world
Part 1 Welcome to the unit &Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Albert Einstein thought it was (必不可少的) to leave some room for older works.
2.The “side effect” is originally a medical term describing what also happens if you take a (药片) in order to cure a certain disease or illness.
3. (此外), starting in 2021, a total of 8,000 retirees who were university students or graduates before joining the military will be given priority when they apply for postgraduate programs.
4.But 67% (总共) will frequently skip their midday meals, with the average person only managing to take a proper break from their work around midday three days a week.
5.The smell of new bread (飘动) up from the kitchen.
Ⅱ.选词填空
cast new light on, in the circumstances, in view of
1. the increased demand for our products, we wish to appoint an agent.
2. , it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
3.Can anybody how this chair got broken?
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week’s (absent) from school.
2.Don’t bother (make) the bed—I’ll do it later.
3.She is now fully occupied her homework.
4.The vaccination program will also cover those who plan to work or study in countries and regions with medium or high risks of (expose) to the virus.
5.Many stars,which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope.
6.I have given up my flat in Paris because I’m going to live (permanent) in London.
7.In addition to the lunar program, China’s (astronaut) have entered the space station of the country’s own construction three times.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.俄语是最难掌握的语言之一,因此甚至有许多俄罗斯人都会说错。
Russian is one of the hardest languages to master, incorrectly.
2.这只被取名为“完达山1号”的老虎在四月份被送到了中国横道河子猫科动物饲养繁育中心。
The tiger, Wandashan-1, was transported to the China Hengdaohezi Feline Breeding Center in April.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Living in space is a challenging but magical adventure. People would love to know 1 daily life is like in space and how it differs from that on the Earth. Due to the near 2 (absent) of gravity in space, the astronauts have to attach themselves so that they don’t float around. Their main task is to conduct scientific research and with the space station 3 (need) a lot of maintenance, they 4 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning. The most 5 (challenge) work is to perform tasks outside the space station and in the circumstances, it’s time for a spacewalk. 6 view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space with most food dried or freeze-dried and they must drink water through 7 thin tube of plastic from a bag. Exercise is of vital importance to their health and they have to be tied onto special exercise equipment 8 (stop) themselves from floating around. During 9 (they) leisure time, they like to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch the Earth go by, 10 (take) pictures for their family and friends.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021江苏连云港高二上期末,)
It is in human nature to explore new things. To that end, many countries have been exploring space for many decades, particularly the US, Russia, and countries in Europe.
President Xi praised the success of the Chang’e 5 mission for bringing back the country’s first samples (样本) collected from the moon. The whole country is proud of this breakthrough. The Chang’e 5 mission has achieved many significant breakthroughs, including China’s first lunar (月球的) surface sampling, first lift-off from the moon and the first spacecraft with the ability to meet and dock in lunar orbit and to re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere with samples.
The success of the Chang’e 5 mission marks a conclusion of China’s current lunar exploration project. The successful re-entry and landing of the Chang’e 5 capsule (太空舱) have enabled China to obtain its first lunar samples, marking a new start of lunar and planetary research. With this achievement, China sets a new milestone in space exploration.
No matter how far China goes into space, it always stays true to its original mission—uncovering the secrets of the universe and contributing to humans’ peaceful use of space. China is a peace-loving country and will use its achievements for promoting peace around the globe.
China views these efforts as part of the world’s lunar exploration. It chose a different landing site and is promising to share its samples to enrich the planet’s knowledge. Some foreign scientists have shown particular interest. The exploration is not for commercial purposes, but for international scientific research. Human beings shall explore the moon together, as it will finally need large projects requiring international cooperation. China will play a leadership role in the international scientific community.
1.What made Chinese people feel proud according to the passage?
A.Chang’e 5’s landing on the moon successfully.
B.China’s gaining admission to exploring the moon.
C.China’s strengthening the ability to promote peace.
D.Chang’e 5’s bringing back the first samples collected from the moon.
2.Which of the following can best describe the Chang’e 5 mission?
A.Horrible but romantic.
B.Fearful but successful.
C.Challenging but rewarding.
D.Dangerous but peaceful.
3.What is the text mainly about?
A.The original mission remains unchanged.
B.Countries join together to explore the moon.
C.China takes pride in the achievements in space.
D.China sets a new milestone in space exploration.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A poster. B.A leaflet.
C.A newspaper. D.A guidebook.
B
(2021山东六校高二阶段性联合考试,)
China is determined to land its astronauts on the moon and set up a scientific station there, according to a project leader.
Zhou Yanfei, deputy chief designer of China’s manned space program, said on Friday that China wishes to use the manned lunar missions to carry out scientific surveys and technology demonstrations, explore ways to develop lunar resources and strengthen the nation’s space capabilities.
“A new wave of lunar exploration has been emerging in the world, with participants aiming to make sustainable missions to deepen the knowledge of the moon and exploit resources there,” he said in a report delivered at the 2020 China Space Conference in Fuzhou, Fujian province. “Unlike other nations, China must depend on its own science and technology to realize its goals.”
The country is independently able to land its astronauts on the moon because it has the technologies, a group of well-trained, innovative professionals and high-efficiency research and management systems, Zhou said. “However, our existing carrier rockets can’t perform landing missions to the moon because they are not powerful enough. The Shenzhou-series manned spaceships are not suitable for lunar expeditions. We don’t have a lunar landing capsule,” he said.“Our ground support system is designed for operations in the low Earth orbit rather than on the lunar surface.”
To solve the problem, we set out to produce a powerful launch vehicle. Zhou said researchers thought about two approaches—making a new heavy-lift rocket, or adjusting the next-generation rocket designed to carry astronauts, which is under development. Researchers prefer the latter approach because it will be easier to design and make and will become operational earlier.
The new rocket is being designed at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. Its main body will be 87 meters tall, with a diameter of 5 meters, which will make it almost twice as tall as the Long March 5, currently the biggest one of China’s rockets.
5.Which is NOT the goal of the manned lunar mission?
A.To explore lunar resources.
B.To perform scientific experiments.
C.To set up a scientific station.
D.To strengthen the national space power.
6.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.China is not capable of pursuing the manned lunar program.
B.There are still difficulties in pursuing the manned lunar program.
C.There is a series of steps in the manned lunar program.
D.It is impossible to carry out the manned lunar program.
7.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Nations must depend on themselves to explore the moon.
B.The Long March 5 is China’s biggest rocket.
C.The newly-designed rocket will not carry astronauts.
D.Producing a powerful launch vehicle is the most difficult part in the program.
8.What do the figures in the last paragraph imply?
A.The new rocket is big enough to perform landing missions.
B.The new rocket is being made to launch the spaceship to the moon.
C.China’s scientific power has improved.
D.The new rocket will be put into use soon.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2021浙江丽水高二上期末联考,)
Are we alone in the universe? Scientists have spent years 1 (search) deep into space for signs of life beyond our planet. Now they’ve discovered what might be life on Venus.
Venus is the second planet from the sun in our solar system. It’s one of 2 brightest objects in the night sky. Several billion years ago, the surfaces of Venus and Earth may have been 3 (similar)than now. But today, the surface of Venus is too hot for life. And until recently, Venus’s thick clouds were thought to be too poisonous for a living thing 4 (survive) there.
5 September 14, in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists reported the discovery of a chemical 6 (call) phosphine(磷化氢) in the clouds of Venus. On Earth, the phosphine gas 7 (give) off by living things. Scientists aren’t yet able to prove that life on Venus is 8 is producing the phosphine. But they can’t explain the source of the gas in any other way.
The discovery of life beyond Earth would teach us more about the universe 9 our place in it. To Sousa-Silva, an astrochemist of Harvard University, it would say something about our 10 (important). “I like finding out that we as humans aren’t that special,” she says.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案全解全析
Unit 2 Out of this world
Part 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.vital 2.pill 3.Furthermore 4.altogether 5.floated
Ⅱ.1.In view of 2.In the circumstances 3.cast new light on
Ⅲ.1.absence 考查名词。句意:他离校一个多星期以后,回校之心甚切。a week’s是名词所有格,其后应用名词。故填absence。
2.making/to make 考查固定搭配。句意:不用麻烦铺床——回头我来铺。bother doing/to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“花费精力做某事”。故填making/to make。
3.with 考查固定短语。句意:她现在正忙于做家庭作业。be occupied with是固定短语,意为“忙于……”,符合句意。故填with。
4.exposure 考查名词。句意:疫苗接种计划还将覆盖那些计划在接触病毒的风险为中等或高等的国家和地区工作或学习的人。of是介词,其后应用名词。故填exposure。
5.invisible 考查形容词。句意:太阳系外的许多恒星不用望远镜是看不见的。由句意可知,此处应用visible的反义词invisible (看不见的)。故填invisible。
6.permanently 考查副词。句意:我已经把巴黎的公寓让出去了,因为我打算在伦敦永久居住。live是动词,应用副词修饰。故填permanently。
7.astronauts 考查名词复数。句意:除了探月计划,中国宇航员还三次进入了国家自建的太空站。astronaut是可数名词,由空后谓语部分的助动词have可知,此处应用复数形式。故填astronauts。
Ⅳ.1.so that even many Russians speak it 2.which was named
Ⅴ.1.what 考查宾语从句。句意:人们想要知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的,它与地球上的生活又有什么不同。 1 daily life is like in space和how it differs from that on the Earth是动词know后的并列宾语从句;第一个宾语从句缺少介词like的宾语。故填what。
易错分析
本题易错填that或which。that能引导宾语从句,但不能在从句中作句子成分;which虽然能在从句中作宾语,但通常只能在有选择范围时使用。
2.absence 考查名词。句意:由于太空中几乎没有重力,宇航员必须把自己固定住,这样他们就不会到处飘浮了。the是定冠词,of是介词,两个词中间应用名词。故填absence。
3.needing 考查with复合结构。句意:他们的主要任务是进行科学研究,而且空间站需要很多维护,他们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。with the space station 3 (need) a lot of maintenance是with复合结构,其中的宾语the space station与need是主动关系,应用现在分词。故填needing。
4.constantly 考查副词。check是动词,应用副词修饰。故填constantly。
5.challenging 考查形容词。句意:最具有挑战性的工作是在空间站外执行任务,在这种情况下,就要进行太空行走了。work在这里是名词,应用形容词修饰。故填challenging。
6.In 考查固定短语。句意:鉴于低重力环境,在太空中进食的情况亦有所不同,因为大部分食物是烘干或冻干的,而且他们必须通过一根细塑料管从袋子里喝水。in view of是固定短语,意为“考虑到;鉴于”,符合句意。所填词位于句首,故填In。
7.a 考查不定冠词。这里的“一根细塑料管”是第一次提到,表泛指,应用不定冠词。thin以辅音音素开头,故填a。
8.to stop 考查不定式作目的状语。句意:运动对他们的健康至关重要,而且他们必须被固定在特殊的运动器材上,以防止自己四处飘浮。“防止自己四处飘浮”是“固定在特殊器材上”的目的,应用不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。
9.their 考查形容词性物主代词。leisure time是名词词组,应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。
10.taking 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句中已有谓语,设空处表示的动作与sit和watch同时发生,应是伴随状语,且take与其逻辑主语they是主动关系,应用现在分词。故填taking。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了嫦娥五号任务的成功使得中国在太空探索方面树立了一个新的里程碑。
1. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的The whole country is proud of this breakthrough.可知,中国人为嫦娥五号带回从月球上采集的第一批样本这个突破感到骄傲。故选D项。A.嫦娥五号成功在月球上着陆;B.中国获得探索月球的许可;C.中国加强了促进和平的能力。这三项均不符合文意。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的many countries have been exploring space for many decades(很多国家已经探索太空好几十年了),第二段中的The Chang’e 5 mission has achieved many significant breakthroughs, including...(嫦娥五号任务取得了多项重大突破,包括……)以及第三段中的The successful re-entry and landing of the Chang’e 5 capsule(太空舱) have enabled China to obtain its first lunar samples, marking a new start of lunar and planetary research. (嫦娥五号太空舱的成功返回和着陆使中国获得了第一批月球样品,标志着月球和行星研究的新起点。)可判断,嫦娥五号任务有挑战性但也有回报。故选C项。A.可怕而浪漫的;B.吓人但成功的;D.危险而和平的。
3. D 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的With this achievement, China sets a new milestone in space exploration.(凭借这一成就,中国在太空探索方面树立了新的里程碑。)及全文其他内容可知,文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索方面树立了一个新的里程碑。故选D项。A.最初的使命保持不变;B.各国联合起来探索月球;C.中国为在太空中取得的成就而自豪。这三项都过于片面,均不能概括文章的主旨。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了嫦娥五号任务的成功使得中国在太空探索方面树立了一个新的里程碑,这属于新闻报道,因此文章很有可能来自一份报纸。故选C项。A.一张海报;B.一张传单,一本小册子;D.一本旅行指南。
【高频词汇】 1.breakthrough n.突破 2.significant adj.意义重大的;非常重要的 3.orbit n.轨道 4.conclusion n.结束;结论
5.enable v.使能够 6.obtain v.获得;得到 7.milestone n.里程碑 8.view...as...把……看作…… 9.enrich vt.使丰富;充实 10.commercial adj.商业的
长难句分析
原句 No matter how far China goes into space, it always stays true to its original mission—uncovering the secrets of the universe and contributing to humans’ peaceful use of space.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为it always stays true to its original mission。No matter how far China goes into space为让步状语从句,uncovering the secrets of the universe and contributing to humans’ peaceful use of space是对mission的解释。
句意 无论中国在太空走得多远,都始终忠于自己最初的使命——揭开宇宙的秘密,为人类和平利用太空做出贡献。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国载人登月任务的目标以及当前亟待解决的问题。
5.C 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的China wishes to use the manned lunar missions to carry out scientific surveys and technology demonstrations, explore ways to develop lunar resources and strengthen the nation’s space capabilities(中国希望利用载人登月任务进行科学调查和技术演示,探索开发月球资源的途径,增强国家的航天力量)可知,载人登月任务的目标有探索月球资源,进行科学实验,加强国家航天力量。故排除A、B、D三项。C项(建立一个科学站)在第一段出现,但主语是“China(中国)”,并非载人登月任务的目标。故选C项。
6.B 主旨大意题。由第四段内容可知,我们现有的运载火箭不能执行登月任务,因为它们不够强大。神舟系列载人飞船不适合月球探索,我们没有月球着陆舱。我们的地面支持系统是为近地轨道而不是月球表面的行动而设计的。由此可知,实施载人登月任务仍然困难重重。故选B项。
7.B 推理判断题。第五段中提到To solve the problem, we set out to produce a powerful launch vehicle.(为了解决这个问题,我们开始制造一个强大的运载火箭。),但这并不能体现出制造一个强大的运载火箭是最艰难的任务。故排除D项。A项(国家必须依靠自己去探索月球)与文中Unlike other nations, China must depend on its own science and technology to realize its goals.表述不符;C项(新设计的火箭不会运载宇航员)和载人登月计划不一致。故排除A、C。
8.A 推理判断题。由上文可知,要解决载人登月问题就要制造一个强大的运载火箭。最后一段中的87 meters tall, with a diameter of 5 meters...almost twice as tall as the Long March 5(高87米,直径5米……高度几乎是长征5号的两倍)说明新型火箭足够大,可以执行着陆任务。故选A项。B.新型火箭正在被制作以将宇宙飞船发射到月球;C.中国的科学实力有所提高;D.新型火箭很快就要投入使用了。选项B、C、D均和这些数据无关。
【高频词汇】 1.scientific adj.科学的 2.deputy n.副职;代理
3.demonstration n.示范;演示 4.strengthen v.加强
5.capability n.能力;军事力量 6.emerge v.出现;浮现;兴起
7.sustainable adj.可持续的 8.exploit v.开发;利用
9.innovative adj.有创新精神的 10.expedition n.考察;探险
长难句分析
原句 Zhou said researchers thought about two approaches—making a new heavy-lift rocket, or adjusting the next-generation rocket designed to carry astronauts, which is under development.
分析 本句为主从复合句。researchers thought about...为宾语从句,作said的宾语。其中,researchers thought about two approaches为宾语从句的主干;making a new heavy-lift rocket, or adjusting the next-generation rocket designed to carry astronauts具体解释前面的two approaches, designed to carry astronauts为过去分词短语作定语,修饰第二个rocket, which is under development为定语从句,修饰第二个rocket。
句意 周说,研究人员考虑了两种方法——制造新的重载火箭,或者调整正在开发的下一代运载宇航员的火箭。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了科学家们一直在太空深处寻找地球以外的生命迹象。
1. searching 考查非谓语动词。句意:多年来,科学家们一直在太空深处寻找地球以外的生命迹象。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填searching。
2. the 考查冠词。句意:它是夜空中最明亮的物体之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”。故填定冠词the。
3.more similar 考查形容词比较级。句意:几十亿年前,金星和地球的表面可能比现在更相似。由than可知此处应用形容词比较级,故填more similar。
4.to survive 考查非谓语动词。句意:直到最近,人们还认为金星厚厚的云层有剧毒,生物无法在那里生存。too...to...太……而不能……。故填to survive。
5. On 考查介词。句意:9月14日,在《自然天文学》杂志上,科学家们报告说,在金星的云层中发现了一种名为磷化氢的化学物质。指在具体的某一天,用介词on。设空处位于句首,故填On。
6.called 考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。名词chemical与call之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填called。
7.is given 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在地球上,生物释放出磷化氢气体。这里陈述的是客观规律,用一般现在时。主语the phosphine gas与give off之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,且主语为the phosphine gas,故填is given。
8.what 考查名词性从句。句意:科学家们还不能证明金星上的生命是产生磷化氢的东西。设空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指“产生磷化氢的东西”,所以用连接词what。
9.and 考查连词。句意:地球之外生命的发现会使我们了解更多关于宇宙和我们在宇宙中的位置的信息。the universe与our place in it之间为并列关系,所以用连词and。
10.importance 考查名词。句意:对哈佛大学天体化学家Sousa-Silva来说,它说明了我们的重要性。形容词性物主代词our后接名词形式。故填importance。
【高频词汇】 1.solar system太阳系 2.object n.物体
3.poisonous adj.有毒的 4.journal n.杂志 5.source n.来源;源头
Unit 2 Out of this world
Part 1 Welcome to the unit &Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Albert Einstein thought it was (必不可少的) to leave some room for older works.
2.The “side effect” is originally a medical term describing what also happens if you take a (药片) in order to cure a certain disease or illness.
3. (此外), starting in 2021, a total of 8,000 retirees who were university students or graduates before joining the military will be given priority when they apply for postgraduate programs.
4.But 67% (总共) will frequently skip their midday meals, with the average person only managing to take a proper break from their work around midday three days a week.
5.The smell of new bread (飘动) up from the kitchen.
Ⅱ.选词填空
cast new light on, in the circumstances, in view of
1. the increased demand for our products, we wish to appoint an agent.
2. , it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
3.Can anybody how this chair got broken?
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.He was desperately eager to be back after more than a week’s (absent) from school.
2.Don’t bother (make) the bed—I’ll do it later.
3.She is now fully occupied her homework.
4.The vaccination program will also cover those who plan to work or study in countries and regions with medium or high risks of (expose) to the virus.
5.Many stars,which are out of the solar system, are (visible) without a telescope.
6.I have given up my flat in Paris because I’m going to live (permanent) in London.
7.In addition to the lunar program, China’s (astronaut) have entered the space station of the country’s own construction three times.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.俄语是最难掌握的语言之一,因此甚至有许多俄罗斯人都会说错。
Russian is one of the hardest languages to master, incorrectly.
2.这只被取名为“完达山1号”的老虎在四月份被送到了中国横道河子猫科动物饲养繁育中心。
The tiger, Wandashan-1, was transported to the China Hengdaohezi Feline Breeding Center in April.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Living in space is a challenging but magical adventure. People would love to know 1 daily life is like in space and how it differs from that on the Earth. Due to the near 2 (absent) of gravity in space, the astronauts have to attach themselves so that they don’t float around. Their main task is to conduct scientific research and with the space station 3 (need) a lot of maintenance, they 4 (constant) check support systems and do some cleaning. The most 5 (challenge) work is to perform tasks outside the space station and in the circumstances, it’s time for a spacewalk. 6 view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space with most food dried or freeze-dried and they must drink water through 7 thin tube of plastic from a bag. Exercise is of vital importance to their health and they have to be tied onto special exercise equipment 8 (stop) themselves from floating around. During 9 (they) leisure time, they like to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch the Earth go by, 10 (take) pictures for their family and friends.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021江苏连云港高二上期末,)
It is in human nature to explore new things. To that end, many countries have been exploring space for many decades, particularly the US, Russia, and countries in Europe.
President Xi praised the success of the Chang’e 5 mission for bringing back the country’s first samples (样本) collected from the moon. The whole country is proud of this breakthrough. The Chang’e 5 mission has achieved many significant breakthroughs, including China’s first lunar (月球的) surface sampling, first lift-off from the moon and the first spacecraft with the ability to meet and dock in lunar orbit and to re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere with samples.
The success of the Chang’e 5 mission marks a conclusion of China’s current lunar exploration project. The successful re-entry and landing of the Chang’e 5 capsule (太空舱) have enabled China to obtain its first lunar samples, marking a new start of lunar and planetary research. With this achievement, China sets a new milestone in space exploration.
No matter how far China goes into space, it always stays true to its original mission—uncovering the secrets of the universe and contributing to humans’ peaceful use of space. China is a peace-loving country and will use its achievements for promoting peace around the globe.
China views these efforts as part of the world’s lunar exploration. It chose a different landing site and is promising to share its samples to enrich the planet’s knowledge. Some foreign scientists have shown particular interest. The exploration is not for commercial purposes, but for international scientific research. Human beings shall explore the moon together, as it will finally need large projects requiring international cooperation. China will play a leadership role in the international scientific community.
1.What made Chinese people feel proud according to the passage?
A.Chang’e 5’s landing on the moon successfully.
B.China’s gaining admission to exploring the moon.
C.China’s strengthening the ability to promote peace.
D.Chang’e 5’s bringing back the first samples collected from the moon.
2.Which of the following can best describe the Chang’e 5 mission?
A.Horrible but romantic.
B.Fearful but successful.
C.Challenging but rewarding.
D.Dangerous but peaceful.
3.What is the text mainly about?
A.The original mission remains unchanged.
B.Countries join together to explore the moon.
C.China takes pride in the achievements in space.
D.China sets a new milestone in space exploration.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A poster. B.A leaflet.
C.A newspaper. D.A guidebook.
B
(2021山东六校高二阶段性联合考试,)
China is determined to land its astronauts on the moon and set up a scientific station there, according to a project leader.
Zhou Yanfei, deputy chief designer of China’s manned space program, said on Friday that China wishes to use the manned lunar missions to carry out scientific surveys and technology demonstrations, explore ways to develop lunar resources and strengthen the nation’s space capabilities.
“A new wave of lunar exploration has been emerging in the world, with participants aiming to make sustainable missions to deepen the knowledge of the moon and exploit resources there,” he said in a report delivered at the 2020 China Space Conference in Fuzhou, Fujian province. “Unlike other nations, China must depend on its own science and technology to realize its goals.”
The country is independently able to land its astronauts on the moon because it has the technologies, a group of well-trained, innovative professionals and high-efficiency research and management systems, Zhou said. “However, our existing carrier rockets can’t perform landing missions to the moon because they are not powerful enough. The Shenzhou-series manned spaceships are not suitable for lunar expeditions. We don’t have a lunar landing capsule,” he said.“Our ground support system is designed for operations in the low Earth orbit rather than on the lunar surface.”
To solve the problem, we set out to produce a powerful launch vehicle. Zhou said researchers thought about two approaches—making a new heavy-lift rocket, or adjusting the next-generation rocket designed to carry astronauts, which is under development. Researchers prefer the latter approach because it will be easier to design and make and will become operational earlier.
The new rocket is being designed at the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. Its main body will be 87 meters tall, with a diameter of 5 meters, which will make it almost twice as tall as the Long March 5, currently the biggest one of China’s rockets.
5.Which is NOT the goal of the manned lunar mission?
A.To explore lunar resources.
B.To perform scientific experiments.
C.To set up a scientific station.
D.To strengthen the national space power.
6.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A.China is not capable of pursuing the manned lunar program.
B.There are still difficulties in pursuing the manned lunar program.
C.There is a series of steps in the manned lunar program.
D.It is impossible to carry out the manned lunar program.
7.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Nations must depend on themselves to explore the moon.
B.The Long March 5 is China’s biggest rocket.
C.The newly-designed rocket will not carry astronauts.
D.Producing a powerful launch vehicle is the most difficult part in the program.
8.What do the figures in the last paragraph imply?
A.The new rocket is big enough to perform landing missions.
B.The new rocket is being made to launch the spaceship to the moon.
C.China’s scientific power has improved.
D.The new rocket will be put into use soon.
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2021浙江丽水高二上期末联考,)
Are we alone in the universe? Scientists have spent years 1 (search) deep into space for signs of life beyond our planet. Now they’ve discovered what might be life on Venus.
Venus is the second planet from the sun in our solar system. It’s one of 2 brightest objects in the night sky. Several billion years ago, the surfaces of Venus and Earth may have been 3 (similar)than now. But today, the surface of Venus is too hot for life. And until recently, Venus’s thick clouds were thought to be too poisonous for a living thing 4 (survive) there.
5 September 14, in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists reported the discovery of a chemical 6 (call) phosphine(磷化氢) in the clouds of Venus. On Earth, the phosphine gas 7 (give) off by living things. Scientists aren’t yet able to prove that life on Venus is 8 is producing the phosphine. But they can’t explain the source of the gas in any other way.
The discovery of life beyond Earth would teach us more about the universe 9 our place in it. To Sousa-Silva, an astrochemist of Harvard University, it would say something about our 10 (important). “I like finding out that we as humans aren’t that special,” she says.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案全解全析
Unit 2 Out of this world
Part 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.vital 2.pill 3.Furthermore 4.altogether 5.floated
Ⅱ.1.In view of 2.In the circumstances 3.cast new light on
Ⅲ.1.absence 考查名词。句意:他离校一个多星期以后,回校之心甚切。a week’s是名词所有格,其后应用名词。故填absence。
2.making/to make 考查固定搭配。句意:不用麻烦铺床——回头我来铺。bother doing/to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“花费精力做某事”。故填making/to make。
3.with 考查固定短语。句意:她现在正忙于做家庭作业。be occupied with是固定短语,意为“忙于……”,符合句意。故填with。
4.exposure 考查名词。句意:疫苗接种计划还将覆盖那些计划在接触病毒的风险为中等或高等的国家和地区工作或学习的人。of是介词,其后应用名词。故填exposure。
5.invisible 考查形容词。句意:太阳系外的许多恒星不用望远镜是看不见的。由句意可知,此处应用visible的反义词invisible (看不见的)。故填invisible。
6.permanently 考查副词。句意:我已经把巴黎的公寓让出去了,因为我打算在伦敦永久居住。live是动词,应用副词修饰。故填permanently。
7.astronauts 考查名词复数。句意:除了探月计划,中国宇航员还三次进入了国家自建的太空站。astronaut是可数名词,由空后谓语部分的助动词have可知,此处应用复数形式。故填astronauts。
Ⅳ.1.so that even many Russians speak it 2.which was named
Ⅴ.1.what 考查宾语从句。句意:人们想要知道太空中的日常生活是什么样的,它与地球上的生活又有什么不同。 1 daily life is like in space和how it differs from that on the Earth是动词know后的并列宾语从句;第一个宾语从句缺少介词like的宾语。故填what。
易错分析
本题易错填that或which。that能引导宾语从句,但不能在从句中作句子成分;which虽然能在从句中作宾语,但通常只能在有选择范围时使用。
2.absence 考查名词。句意:由于太空中几乎没有重力,宇航员必须把自己固定住,这样他们就不会到处飘浮了。the是定冠词,of是介词,两个词中间应用名词。故填absence。
3.needing 考查with复合结构。句意:他们的主要任务是进行科学研究,而且空间站需要很多维护,他们经常检查支持系统并做一些清洁工作。with the space station 3 (need) a lot of maintenance是with复合结构,其中的宾语the space station与need是主动关系,应用现在分词。故填needing。
4.constantly 考查副词。check是动词,应用副词修饰。故填constantly。
5.challenging 考查形容词。句意:最具有挑战性的工作是在空间站外执行任务,在这种情况下,就要进行太空行走了。work在这里是名词,应用形容词修饰。故填challenging。
6.In 考查固定短语。句意:鉴于低重力环境,在太空中进食的情况亦有所不同,因为大部分食物是烘干或冻干的,而且他们必须通过一根细塑料管从袋子里喝水。in view of是固定短语,意为“考虑到;鉴于”,符合句意。所填词位于句首,故填In。
7.a 考查不定冠词。这里的“一根细塑料管”是第一次提到,表泛指,应用不定冠词。thin以辅音音素开头,故填a。
8.to stop 考查不定式作目的状语。句意:运动对他们的健康至关重要,而且他们必须被固定在特殊的运动器材上,以防止自己四处飘浮。“防止自己四处飘浮”是“固定在特殊器材上”的目的,应用不定式作目的状语。故填to stop。
9.their 考查形容词性物主代词。leisure time是名词词组,应用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填their。
10.taking 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句中已有谓语,设空处表示的动作与sit和watch同时发生,应是伴随状语,且take与其逻辑主语they是主动关系,应用现在分词。故填taking。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍了嫦娥五号任务的成功使得中国在太空探索方面树立了一个新的里程碑。
1. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的The whole country is proud of this breakthrough.可知,中国人为嫦娥五号带回从月球上采集的第一批样本这个突破感到骄傲。故选D项。A.嫦娥五号成功在月球上着陆;B.中国获得探索月球的许可;C.中国加强了促进和平的能力。这三项均不符合文意。
2.C 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的many countries have been exploring space for many decades(很多国家已经探索太空好几十年了),第二段中的The Chang’e 5 mission has achieved many significant breakthroughs, including...(嫦娥五号任务取得了多项重大突破,包括……)以及第三段中的The successful re-entry and landing of the Chang’e 5 capsule(太空舱) have enabled China to obtain its first lunar samples, marking a new start of lunar and planetary research. (嫦娥五号太空舱的成功返回和着陆使中国获得了第一批月球样品,标志着月球和行星研究的新起点。)可判断,嫦娥五号任务有挑战性但也有回报。故选C项。A.可怕而浪漫的;B.吓人但成功的;D.危险而和平的。
3. D 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段中的With this achievement, China sets a new milestone in space exploration.(凭借这一成就,中国在太空探索方面树立了新的里程碑。)及全文其他内容可知,文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索方面树立了一个新的里程碑。故选D项。A.最初的使命保持不变;B.各国联合起来探索月球;C.中国为在太空中取得的成就而自豪。这三项都过于片面,均不能概括文章的主旨。
4.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了嫦娥五号任务的成功使得中国在太空探索方面树立了一个新的里程碑,这属于新闻报道,因此文章很有可能来自一份报纸。故选C项。A.一张海报;B.一张传单,一本小册子;D.一本旅行指南。
【高频词汇】 1.breakthrough n.突破 2.significant adj.意义重大的;非常重要的 3.orbit n.轨道 4.conclusion n.结束;结论
5.enable v.使能够 6.obtain v.获得;得到 7.milestone n.里程碑 8.view...as...把……看作…… 9.enrich vt.使丰富;充实 10.commercial adj.商业的
长难句分析
原句 No matter how far China goes into space, it always stays true to its original mission—uncovering the secrets of the universe and contributing to humans’ peaceful use of space.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为it always stays true to its original mission。No matter how far China goes into space为让步状语从句,uncovering the secrets of the universe and contributing to humans’ peaceful use of space是对mission的解释。
句意 无论中国在太空走得多远,都始终忠于自己最初的使命——揭开宇宙的秘密,为人类和平利用太空做出贡献。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国载人登月任务的目标以及当前亟待解决的问题。
5.C 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的China wishes to use the manned lunar missions to carry out scientific surveys and technology demonstrations, explore ways to develop lunar resources and strengthen the nation’s space capabilities(中国希望利用载人登月任务进行科学调查和技术演示,探索开发月球资源的途径,增强国家的航天力量)可知,载人登月任务的目标有探索月球资源,进行科学实验,加强国家航天力量。故排除A、B、D三项。C项(建立一个科学站)在第一段出现,但主语是“China(中国)”,并非载人登月任务的目标。故选C项。
6.B 主旨大意题。由第四段内容可知,我们现有的运载火箭不能执行登月任务,因为它们不够强大。神舟系列载人飞船不适合月球探索,我们没有月球着陆舱。我们的地面支持系统是为近地轨道而不是月球表面的行动而设计的。由此可知,实施载人登月任务仍然困难重重。故选B项。
7.B 推理判断题。第五段中提到To solve the problem, we set out to produce a powerful launch vehicle.(为了解决这个问题,我们开始制造一个强大的运载火箭。),但这并不能体现出制造一个强大的运载火箭是最艰难的任务。故排除D项。A项(国家必须依靠自己去探索月球)与文中Unlike other nations, China must depend on its own science and technology to realize its goals.表述不符;C项(新设计的火箭不会运载宇航员)和载人登月计划不一致。故排除A、C。
8.A 推理判断题。由上文可知,要解决载人登月问题就要制造一个强大的运载火箭。最后一段中的87 meters tall, with a diameter of 5 meters...almost twice as tall as the Long March 5(高87米,直径5米……高度几乎是长征5号的两倍)说明新型火箭足够大,可以执行着陆任务。故选A项。B.新型火箭正在被制作以将宇宙飞船发射到月球;C.中国的科学实力有所提高;D.新型火箭很快就要投入使用了。选项B、C、D均和这些数据无关。
【高频词汇】 1.scientific adj.科学的 2.deputy n.副职;代理
3.demonstration n.示范;演示 4.strengthen v.加强
5.capability n.能力;军事力量 6.emerge v.出现;浮现;兴起
7.sustainable adj.可持续的 8.exploit v.开发;利用
9.innovative adj.有创新精神的 10.expedition n.考察;探险
长难句分析
原句 Zhou said researchers thought about two approaches—making a new heavy-lift rocket, or adjusting the next-generation rocket designed to carry astronauts, which is under development.
分析 本句为主从复合句。researchers thought about...为宾语从句,作said的宾语。其中,researchers thought about two approaches为宾语从句的主干;making a new heavy-lift rocket, or adjusting the next-generation rocket designed to carry astronauts具体解释前面的two approaches, designed to carry astronauts为过去分词短语作定语,修饰第二个rocket, which is under development为定语从句,修饰第二个rocket。
句意 周说,研究人员考虑了两种方法——制造新的重载火箭,或者调整正在开发的下一代运载宇航员的火箭。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了科学家们一直在太空深处寻找地球以外的生命迹象。
1. searching 考查非谓语动词。句意:多年来,科学家们一直在太空深处寻找地球以外的生命迹象。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。故填searching。
2. the 考查冠词。句意:它是夜空中最明亮的物体之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……的……之一”。故填定冠词the。
3.more similar 考查形容词比较级。句意:几十亿年前,金星和地球的表面可能比现在更相似。由than可知此处应用形容词比较级,故填more similar。
4.to survive 考查非谓语动词。句意:直到最近,人们还认为金星厚厚的云层有剧毒,生物无法在那里生存。too...to...太……而不能……。故填to survive。
5. On 考查介词。句意:9月14日,在《自然天文学》杂志上,科学家们报告说,在金星的云层中发现了一种名为磷化氢的化学物质。指在具体的某一天,用介词on。设空处位于句首,故填On。
6.called 考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题。名词chemical与call之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填called。
7.is given 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:在地球上,生物释放出磷化氢气体。这里陈述的是客观规律,用一般现在时。主语the phosphine gas与give off之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,且主语为the phosphine gas,故填is given。
8.what 考查名词性从句。句意:科学家们还不能证明金星上的生命是产生磷化氢的东西。设空处引导表语从句,从句中缺少主语,指“产生磷化氢的东西”,所以用连接词what。
9.and 考查连词。句意:地球之外生命的发现会使我们了解更多关于宇宙和我们在宇宙中的位置的信息。the universe与our place in it之间为并列关系,所以用连词and。
10.importance 考查名词。句意:对哈佛大学天体化学家Sousa-Silva来说,它说明了我们的重要性。形容词性物主代词our后接名词形式。故填importance。
【高频词汇】 1.solar system太阳系 2.object n.物体
3.poisonous adj.有毒的 4.journal n.杂志 5.source n.来源;源头
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