Unit 2　Natural disasters Part 2-2022版英语必修第三册译林版（2019） 同步练习 （Word含解析）

Part 2　Grammar and usage &Integrated skills

基础过关练

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.The party came to 　　　(权力) in the last election held two years ago. 

2.Thanks for your directions to the house;we wouldn't have found it 　　　(否则). 

3. A 　　　(慈善) project he participated in has offered tuition for 4,357 poor students affected by the pandemic in Hubei province. 

4.In the last decade alone, 　　　(洪水)have caused more than $155 billion worth of damage, according to the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 

5.As the harvest was about to be gathered, farmers were 　　　(震惊) to receive the news that it was going to rain for several days. 

6.Sweeten the mixture with a little 　　　(蜂蜜). 

Ⅱ.用方框内短语的适当形式填空

run out of;in this case;in detail;go through;watch out for;look through;right away;try one's best

1.I 　　　　　　today's newspaper but I found nothing important. 

2.The brave girl never gave up but 　　　　　　to overcome the difficulty in life. 

3.What's written in history books are just non-emotional lines but the hardships and suffering those martyrs(烈士) 　　　　　　are unimaginable. 

4.This is a great place for camping but you have to 　　　　　　snakes. 

5.My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had 　　　　　　petrol. 

6.You may think of giving up the plan. 　　　　　　, just think it over before making the decision. 

7.This plan shows us what we should do in every step 　　　　　　. 

8.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it 　　　　　　. 

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1.Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston could all see winds up to 30 to 40 mph on Monday evening, which are strong enough 　　　　(cause) power outages. 

2.Car manufacturers have been accused of 　　　　(flood) the market with cheap cars. 

3.When she packed her suitcase before heading to Wuhan, her daughter was 　　　　(scare)to tears.  

4.The students were 　　　　(curiosity) about the people who lived upstairs. 

5. 　　　　we all know, vocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks of a building. 

6.The last Chinese mainland city 　　　　(host) the FISU World University Games was Shenzhen, Guangdong province in 2011. 

7.Tom works hard and he is always the last one 　　　　(leave) the classroom every day. 

8.Even when Texans have been able to turn to heating alternatives, some have been struggling to find firewood, food, water and other needed 　　　　(supply). 

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。

She was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a gold medal in the Olympic Games. 

2.杰克是我们班唯一一个毕业后出国的学生。

Jack is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　after graduation in our class. 

3.简匆忙赶回来,却发现她妈妈已经离开了。

Jane hurried back, 　　　　　　　　　that her mother had left. 

4.我的哥哥是该奖最年轻的获得者。

My brother is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the prize. 

5.正如我在电话里解释的那样,你的请求将在下次会议上讨论。

　　　 　　　　　　on the phone, your request will be discussed at the next meeting. 

能力提升练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2021湖北鄂东南高一下3月联考,)

Three days earlier, a super typhoon attacked a coastal country, cutting off all communication with the outside. Thousands of people died in the storm.

Whether the destruction (破坏) caused by extreme weather events can be related to human emissions (排放物) of greenhouse gases is most discussed in climate science. If this relation is established, extreme weather can be the severest result of climate change that threatens a range of human rights, including the rights to life, food, health, housing, development and self-determination.

Felix Pretis of the University of Victoria has shown even 1.5 ℃ of global warming will reduce economic growth in some regions, and that the tropics (热带) will feel this impact more than other areas. Some studies predict that the number of heat-related deaths in many parts, South East Asia among them, will be far more than the number of cold-related deaths.

And then there are negative effects of extreme weather events, which have the potential to kill thousands. Myles Allen, a climate modeler at the University of Oxford, has led research into whether specific weather events can be owed to broader climate trends (趋势). He used climate models to model the super typhoon with and without greenhouse gas emissions. The former accurately reproduced the actual events, in terms of the weather patterns, wind speeds and so on. In 15 out of 16 times without industrial emissions, the storm was weaker.

The study shows human emissions are likely to increase wind speeds, which results in a storm move that is 20% higher than it might be in the absence of climate change. It is this move that proves particularly destructive. “It's not true that without human influence this event could never have happened,” Dr Allen said. “But through this study you can see this impact.”

1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph?

A.To show the mass destruction of super typhoons.

B.To give an example of the extreme weather event.

C.To introduce discussion on such events and human emissions.

D.To warn people about possible results of climate change.

2.What is mainly expressed in Paragraph 3?

A.Studies on harm of climate change are needed.

B.Global warming will damage human rights.

C.Both high and low temperatures are dangerous.

D.Some areas are affected by global warming.

3.How did Myles Allen conduct his experiment?

A.By making comparisons.

B.By analyzing examples.

C.By collecting data.

D.By analyzing causes and results.

4.What do the climate models suggest?

A.The storm results from greenhouse gas emissions.

B.Human behavior increases the frequency of storms.

C.Wind speeds are determined by industrial emissions.

D.Human influence worsens extreme weather events.

B

(2021江西抚州南城一中高一下4月月考,)

In a natural disaster—a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained.

On September 29,1998, Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi, Mississippi, after damaging Haiti, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and several islands of the Caribbean badly with heavy rains and winds up to 160 km per hour. Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States, although hundreds died in the Caribbean. This was a very different result, when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston, Texas, killing at least 6,000 people. Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at the end of the 20th century—residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching, while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance, allowing for extensive safety precautions (预防).

At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning, some residents of New Orleans, Louisiana were less satisfied. A day before Georges made landfall, forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans.Emergency management officials must begin evacuations (疏散) well before a storm strikes. But evacuation costs money. The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city's preparations for Georges cost more than $50 million. After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.

The different views on the early warnings of Hurricane Georges show some of the complexities (复杂) related to predicting disasters. Disaster prediction is a process of providing scientific information for the government officials and other decision-makers who must respond to those predictions.

5.What is the purpose of disaster prediction according to the passage?

A.To find out the cause of disasters.

B.To save people's lives.

C.To prevent natural disasters from happening.

D.To apply advanced technology to disaster prediction.

6.Which of the following areas suffered the most severe damage?

A.Puerto Rico. B.New Orleans.

C.Biloxi, Mississippi. D.Galveston, Texas.

7.The city residents of New Orleans were unsatisfied because 　　　. 

A.their preparations were made in vain

B.the hurricane warning arrived rather late

C.the forecast hurricane did not hit the city

D.they suffered from a heavy hurricane attack

8.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.The different ways of disaster prediction.

B.Technological advances in disaster prediction.

C.The benefits and preparations of disaster prediction.

D.The importance and uncertainty of disaster prediction.

Ⅱ.七选五

(2020浙江杭州二中高一下期中,)

Floods are one of the most common disasters. Some floods develop slowly. But flash floods(暴洪)can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any signs of rain. 　1　 It carries rocks and mud and can sweep away most things in its path. 

1.If a flood is likely to happen in your area, you should:

Listen to the radio or the television for information. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move at once to higher ground. 　2　 

2.If you have time to prepare, you should:

Make your home safe by bringing in outdoor furniture. 　3　 Do not touch any electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water. 

3.If you have to leave your home right away, remember these tips:

Do not walk through moving water. 　4　 If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the ground in front of you. 

　5　 If floodwaters rise around your car, give up the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. Otherwise you and the car can be quickly swept away. 

A.Do not drive into flooded areas.

B.Do not wait for instructions to move.

C.Turn off all pieces of electrical equipment.

D.20 cm of moving water can make you fall.

E.Floods can cause deaths and loss of property.

F.A flash flood often has a dangerous wall of water.

G.Mud from floodwaters may contain chemicals.

1. 　　　2. 　　　3. 　　　4. 　　　5. 　　　 

答案全解全析

Part 2　Grammar and usage &Integrated skills

基础过关练

Ⅰ.1.power　2.otherwise　3.charity　4.floods　5.shocked　6.honey

Ⅱ.1.looked through　2.tried her best　3.went through　4.watch out for　5.run out of　6.In this case　7.in detail　8.right away

Ⅲ.1.to cause　考查动词不定式。分析可知此处为enough to...结构,应用动词不定式作结果状语,故填to cause。句意:巴尔的摩、费城、纽约和波士顿周一晚上的风速可能达到每小时30到40英里,足以导致停电。

2.flooding　考查动名词。句意:汽车制造商被指责以廉价汽车充斥市场。介词of后应用动名词形式,故填flooding。

3.scared　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作表语,应用形容词。be scared to tears吓得流下眼泪,故填scared。句意:去武汉前,她收拾行李时,她的女儿吓得流下了眼泪。

4.curious　考查形容词。句意:学生们对楼上住的人感到好奇。be curious about对……感到好奇,故填形容词curious。

5.As　考查定语从句。句意:众所周知,词汇是语言的一个重要组成部分,就像一座建筑的砖块一样。分析句子结构可知,设空处位于句首,引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,且在从句中作宾语,故填As。as we all know众所周知。

6.to host　考查动词不定式。Chinese mainland city前有The last修饰,设空处应用动词不定式作定语,故填to host。句意:上一个举办世界大学生运动会的中国大陆城市是2011年的广东省深圳市。

7.to leave　考查动词不定式。句意:汤姆学习很努力,每天总是最后一个离开教室。代词one前有the last修饰,设空处应用动词不定式作定语,故填to leave。

8.supplies　考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知,此处在句中与firewood, food, water一起作并列宾语,应用名词,supply是可数名词,其前没有冠词,应用名词复数,故填supplies。句意:即使得州人已经能够使用其他供暖方式替代,一些人仍在努力寻找木柴、食物、水和其他所需的供应物品。

Ⅳ.1.the first woman to win　2.the only student to go abroad

3.only to find　4.the youngest one to win　5.As I explained

能力提升练

Ⅰ.A

◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极端天气事件带来的负面影响,并且告知读者极端天气事件的严重程度与人类排放的温室气体有关。

1.C　推理判断题。根据常见的写作手法可知,文章开头所给的例子一般是为主题服务且引出主题的,再根据第二段第一句Whether the destruction caused by extreme weather events can be related to human emissions of greenhouse gases is most discussed in climate science.可推测,第一段的目的是引出关于极端天气事件和人类排放之间关系的讨论。故选C。

2.B　主旨大意题。根据第二段末句If this relation is established, extreme weather can be the severest result of climate change that threatens a range of human rights, including the rights to life, food, health, housing, development and self-determination.及第三段内容可知,第三段是关于第二段末句的进一步说明,所以第三段主要表达的是全球变暖会损害人权。故选B。

3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句He used climate models to model the super typhoon with and without greenhouse gas emissions.可知,迈尔斯·艾伦是通过比较“有无温室气体排放”进行实验的。故选A。

4.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句The study shows human emissions are likely to increase wind speeds, which results in a storm move that is 20% higher than it might be in the absence of climate change.可知,气候模型说明了人类的影响加剧了极端天气事件。故选D。

【高频词汇】　1.cut off 切断　2.be related to 与……相关

3.establish v.建立　4.predict v.预言;预告;预报　5.in terms of 在……方面,就……而言　6.in the absence of 在没有……的情况下

长难句分析

原句　If this relation is established, extreme weather can be the severest result of climate change that threatens a range of human rights, including the rights to life, food, health, housing, development and self-determination.

分析　这是一个主从复合句。If this relation is established是条件状语从句; extreme weather can be the severest result...self-determination是主句,其中that threatens a range of...and self-determination是that引导的定语从句,修饰 climate change。

译文　如果确立了这种关系,极端天气可能是气候变化最严重的后果,气候变化威胁到一系列人权,包括生命权、食物权、健康权、住房权、发展权和自决权。

B

◎语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了灾害预测的重要性和不确定性,灾害预测是为了挽救人们的生命,但目前技术还有局限。

5.B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句In a natural disaster—a hurricane, a flood, a volcanic eruption, or other catastrophes—minutes and even seconds of warning can make the difference between life and death.可知,灾害预测的目的是挽救人们的生命。故选B。

6.D　细节理解题。通读第二、三段内容可知,得克萨斯州的加尔维斯敦遭受了最严重的破坏,死亡6,000多人。故选D。

7.A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句After Georges missed New Orleans, some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.可知,新奥尔良的城市居民不满意是因为飓风“乔治斯”并没有在新奥尔良登陆,而他们却花了钱预防和疏散,故选A。

8.D　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲灾害预测的重要性和不确定性,灾害预测是为了挽救人们的生命,但目前预测技术还有局限,故选D。

【高频词汇】　1.catastrophe n.灾难;灾祸　2.predict v.预测　prediction n.预测　3.landfall n.登陆;着陆　4.emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况　5.question v.质询;怀疑

Ⅱ.◎语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。洪水是最常见的自然灾害之一。作者介绍了一些洪水到来时应该采取的措施。

1.F　根据空后It carries rocks and mud and can sweep away most things in its path.(它携带着岩石和泥土,可以卷走途经的大部分东西。)可知F选项A flash flood often has a dangerous wall of water.(暴洪往往会形成一堵危险的水墙。)符合语境。故选F。

2.B　根据空前move at once to higher ground(立即转移到高处)可知B选项Do not wait for instructions to move.(不要等待行动指示。)符合语境。故选B。

3.C　根据空后Do not touch any electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.(如果你身上是湿的或正站在水里,不要触摸任何电器。)可知C选项Turn off all pieces of electrical equipment.(关掉所有的电器。)符合语境。故选C。

4.D　根据空前Do not walk through moving water.(不要在流动的水中行走。)可知D选项20 cm of moving water can make you fall.(20厘米深的流水会把你冲倒。)符合语境。故选D。

5.A　根据空后If floodwaters rise around your car, give up the car and move to higher ground(如果你的车周围的洪水上涨,放弃你的车并转移到地势更高的地方)可知A选项Do not drive into flooded areas.(不要开车去洪水区。)符合语境。故选A。

【高频词汇】　1.stick n.木棍;手杖　2.electrical equipment电器

3.sweep away一扫而空;清除　4.instruction n.指示;命令;指令

5.property n.财物;财产　6.chemical n.化学品;化学制品

长难句分析

原句　If floodwaters rise around your car, give up the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely.

分析　本句为主从复合句。If 引导的是条件状语从句,give up the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely是一个祈使句,其中if you can do so safely也是一个条件状语从句。

译文　如果你的车周围的洪水上涨,在保证安全的情况下放弃你的车并转移到地势更高的地方。